Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
  • C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
  • C12M21/02—Photobioreactors
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
  • C12M23/00—Constructional details, e.g. recesses, hinges
  • C12M23/56—Floating elements
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
  • C12M31/00—Means for providing, directing, scattering or concentrating light
  • C12M31/08—Means for providing, directing, scattering or concentrating light by conducting or reflecting elements located inside the reactor or in its structure

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of production of concentrated algal solutions and relates in particular to a device for exposure to light of an algal solution.
• the subject of the invention is also a photo-bioreactor incorporating such an exposure device as well as a method for starting such a photo-bioreactor.
• algal culture in particular micro-algal to obtain a photosynthetic biofuel or nutraceuticals derived from algal biomass, can be achieved on a large scale only by significantly reducing the cost of photo-bioreactors and their exploitation.
• algal production is not restricted to warm, sunny regions, and technical solutions to increase algal production in temperate latitudes should be considered.
• Document DE 103 15 750 thus shows a photo-bioreactor comprising rows of rigid transparent vertical tubes, through which the algal solution subjected to the light radiation passes through the tubes, which allows photosynthesis.
• these materials are expensive and the manufacturing time is long for parts intended for industrial applications of photo-bioreactors that can cover several tens of hectares.
• these materials are flammable and their ecological footprint is significant for manufacturing and deconstruction.
• aerial photo-bioreactors that require a significant land grab and a height that induces a wind resistance penalizing the construction. Due to their large surface area in contact with the outside air, aerial photo-bioreactors are very sensitive to climatic conditions, which affects their performance in cold, windy or hot regions. It is also known from the state of the prior art through WO2013011448A1, a light exposure device based on very thin flexible sleeves which take a cylindrical shape solely by difference in static pressure between the liquid internal to the sleeves and the liquid of the pond in which the microalgae are grown. The flexible nature of the sleeves immersed in the culture basin makes it possible to give them a cylindrical shape solely due to the difference in height of internal liquid with the water level of the basin. The static pressure is thus uniform over the entire height of the sleeves without any mechanical stress, which reduces the thickness of the sleeves while maintaining good mechanical strength. This type of solution allows to consider compact photo-bioreactors, made with extremely light and inexpensive materials.
• the implementation can be ensured in existing natural or artificial basins adapted to the culture of micro-algae in continuous regime.
• the regular spacing of the sleeves is obtained by a plate with holes mounted on a supporting structure fixed above the basin.
• an object of the invention is to overcome the constraints imposed by the support structure and in particular to simplify the mounting and fixing above the basin.
• the invention proposes a device for exposure to light of an algal solution, for a photo-bioreactor, suitable for being implemented by flotation in a pool by means of the combination and the balance between the principle of Archimedes and the principle of Torricelli.
• the invention proposes a light exposure device for an algal solution, for a photo-bioreactor, this exposure device comprising a planar support comprising at least one opening adapted to receive at least one sleeve, the sleeve being a flexible material, liquid-tight and translucent, or transparent, and comprising an open end adapted to receive a sleeve, the sleeve being translucent, or transparent, and arranged to close and attaching said sleeve to the support, characterized in that the exposure device has positive buoyancy in the water, in that the actual weight of the plane support and the emergent portion of the sleeves is less than the induced buoyancy during his immersion.
• the exposure device may comprise at least one buoy or floating structure disposed below said support so as to define a free space between said support and the level of the algal solution.
• the plane support may have positive buoyancy in the water, in that the actual weight of the plane support and the emergent portion of the sleeves is less than the buoyancy force induced during immersion.
• the support may be a framework consisting of a material whose density is less than 2, preferably less than 1.
• the support may be a perforated plate made of a material whose density is less than 2, preferably less than 1.
• the sleeve may comprise an optical concentrator arranged to concentrate the light towards the inside of the at least one sleeve.
• the sleeve may comprise a valve for the admission of a liquid into the sleeve.
• the exposure device may further comprise means for securing and / or anchoring.
• the invention also relates to a photo-bioreactor for the production of an algal solution comprising a pond and at least one light exposure device, this exposure device comprising a support comprising at least one aperture adapted to receive at least one sleeve, the sleeve being of flexible, liquid-tight material and translucent, even transparent, and comprising an open end adapted to receive a sleeve, the sleeve being translucent, or even transparent, and arranged to close and fix said sleeve to the support, characterized in that the at least one exposure device is a light exposure device according to any one of the embodiments.
• the photobioreactor may comprise a plurality of exposure devices assembled together to increase the exposure area of the algal solution to light.
• the photo-bioreactor may further comprise suction means arranged to suck the liquid contained in the at least one sleeve.
• the photo-bioreactor may furthermore comprise a device for replacing the "at least one sleeve", this replacement device comprising a drum and being arranged for winding "the at least one sleeve” on the drum and / or for unrolling "The at least one sleeve” from this drum.
• the photo-bioreactor may comprise in the lower part of the basin, means for dispensing a pressurized gas, in particular carbon dioxide mixed or not with air, ensuring agitation of the algal solution.
• a pressurized gas in particular carbon dioxide mixed or not with air
• the photo-bioreactor may further comprise orientable reflectors disposed on the periphery of said photo-bioreactor, so as to increase the capture surface and the intensity of the light rays, especially when the azimuth and the angle of the sun's rays are low.
• the subject of the invention is also a process for implementing a photo-bioreactor according to any one of the embodiments of the invention, characterized in that it comprises successively:
• a step of installing at least one exposure device in the empty basin of the photo-bioreactor a step of filling the pond with a liquid for producing an algal solution.
• the method may further comprise, after filling the basin, a step of filling the at least one sleeve of the at least one exposure device with a neutral liquid for the algal solution, so as not to alter the algal solution in case of accidental breakage of the sleeve, and so that,
• the liquid height in the sleeves may be greater than that of the algal solution in order to provide a differential hydrostatic pressure for maintaining the shape of the sleeve without constraint.
• the method may further comprise, after the filling of the at least one sleeve, a step of securing and / or anchoring the at least one exposure device.
• the method may further comprise, at the end of the filling of the basin, a step of seeding the liquid for the production of an algal solution with a microalgae strain.
• Figure 1 is a schematic vertical section of a photobioreactor according to the invention, with a basin containing the algal solution.
• Figure 2 is a horizontal section along line II-II of Figure 1.
• Figure 3 is a diagram, on a larger scale, of a vertical flexible sleeve mounted on its supporting structure.
• Figures 4 and 5 are transverse vertical sections, on a smaller scale, of possible shapes for the photo-bioreactor basin.
• Figure 6 is a schematic sectional view of a fastener of a flexible handle on its supporting structure.
• Figure 7 is a top view of a first embodiment of the carrying structure of the flexible sleeves.
• Figure 8 is a top view of a second embodiment of the carrying structure of the flexible sleeves.
• Figure 9 is a vertical schematic section of a third embodiment of the carrying structure of the flexible sleeves.
• variants of the invention comprising only a selection of characteristics described, isolated from the other characteristics described (even if this selection is isolated within a sentence including these other characteristics), if this selection of features is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the state of the prior art.
• This selection comprises at least one characteristic, preferably functional without structural details, or with only a part of the structural details if this part alone is sufficient to confer a technical advantage or to differentiate the invention from the state of the prior art .
• a photobioreactor 1 designated by the abbreviation PBR, can be seen for production of concentrated algal solution 2.
• the PBR comprises a basin 3 containing the algal solution and a device for exposing the algal solution to light.
• the exposure device comprises at least one supporting structure or a flat support 6, comprising at least one opening, at least one sleeve 5 of flexible material, liquid-tight and translucent, or even transparent, and comprising one end open adapted to accommodate a sleeve 10, the sleeve being translucent, or transparent, and arranged to close and fix said sleeve to the support.
• translucent is meant that the sleeve 5 and the sleeve 10 are able to let light rays pass through, said rays permitting photosynthesis reactions in the pool.
• Transparency means that the sleeve 5 and the sleeve 10 are able to let the light rays pass (light transmission by refraction). Through the sleeve 5 and the sleeve 10, it is moreover possible to see through with clarity.
• the light exposure device has positive buoyancy in the water.
• “Positive buoyancy in water” means that the actual weight of the light exposure device is less than the Archimedes thrust, which allows the light exposure device to remain on the surface of the pool. , and therefore to float.
• buoyancy can be ensured in different ways.
• the light exposure device may comprise one or more buoys 8 which is / are hung under the support 6 so that it can float and can be maintained above the filled basin surface
• the carrier structure or support 6 intrinsically has a positive buoyancy and may be a frame 61 made of a material whose density is less than 2, preferably less than 1.
• This framework may then consist of a assembly of marine grade chipboard or other low density and rotproof composite material, such as polyurethane, polystyrene filled with fiberglass.
• the carrier structure or support 6 intrinsically has a positive buoyancy and may be a perforated plate 62 also made of a material whose density is less than 2, preferably less than 1.
• the material may also be marine grade chipboard or any other material low-density and rot-proof composite, such as polyurethane, polystyrene filled with fiberglass.
• the light exposure device may provide a carrier structure or support 6 made of a material whose density is less than 2, preferably less than 1, and additionally provide one or more buoys 8.
• the sleeve 5 is made of a transparent flexible material, preferably resistant to traction. This sleeve 5 is suspended from the supporting structure or support 6 and is filled with a liquid L which ensures a cylindrical shape to this sleeve.
• the flexible sleeve 5 is advantageously made of a material resistant to ultraviolet, especially polyethylene terephthalate, or equivalent material.
• the sleeve can be obtained by winding a rectangular portion of sheet 4 and assembling the two parallel edges by gluing or welding or pulse. The lower end of the sleeve is closed while the upper end remains open to be fixed on its periphery to the support 6.
• Fixing the sleeve 5 to the support 6 can be carried out as illustrated in FIG. 3 by providing, in the support 6, for each sleeve a frustoconical opening 7, decreasing in section from top to bottom.
• the upper edge of the sleeve 5 is wedged against the frustoconical wall of the opening 7 by a sleeve 10 itself frustoconical, conjugated with the opening 7, and made of transparent material.
• the fixing of the sleeves 5 to the support 6 can also be ensured in a different manner, in particular by flanges or O-ring 106 as illustrated in FIG. 6, instead of the retaining by nested conical pieces. It is not necessary to ensure complete sealing at this attachment because there is no contact between the algal solution and the water located inside the immersed sleeves 5.
• a rib 105 may be formed around the outer surface of the sleeve to prevent the sleeve from passing through the opening 610, 620 of the holder when fitting the sleeve 5 to said holder.
• the sleeves are inserted between the bars 610 and blocked by means of their sleeve also inserted between the bars 610 in an adjusted manner.
• the sleeves are inserted into the holes 620 and locked by means of their sleeve also inserted into the holes 620 in an adjusted manner.
• the perforated plate can be transparent and thin. It can also be reinforced by a transparent reinforcement that provides sufficient surface stiffness to support a point load (cleaning, maintenance).
• the basin 3 is filled with algal solution 2.
• a plurality of flexible transparent sleeves 5, filled with liquid L, are immersed in the algal solution 2 and are regularly distributed to transmit and diffuse the light , sensed at the upper ends of the sleeves 5, throughout the basin and solution 2.
• the liquid L which fills the sleeves 5 has the main function of transmitting and diffusing the light captured, and is constituted in particular of water and an additive (the additive may be antifreeze, or a fluorescent or antiseptic product, or an anti-foam product).
• the closed lower end of the sleeves 5 is preferably equipped with a ballast 11.
• This ballast 11 makes it possible, when introducing empty sleeves into the algal solution 2, to prevent them from floating, which would make it difficult to their subsequent filling with water.
• the ballast may be formed of a rod or a ball of heavy material, metal or mineral.
• the composition of the liquid L that fills the sleeves 5 is neutral vis-à-vis the algal solution to avoid any risk in case of accidental breakage.
• the liquid L in the case of the embodiment of Figure 1 is essentially water with an optional additive, this additive may be antifreeze, or an antiseptic, or a fluorescent product.
• the h5 height of the liquid in the sleeves 5 is slightly greater than that h2 ( Figure 1) of the algal solution in the basin, to ensure a differential hydrostatic pressure (h5 - h2) which maintains the cylindrical shape without constraint on the flexible sleeve wall 5.
• the height of the sleeve support at the level of the algal solution results from the equilibrium between buoyancy and the weight carried by the perforated plates and the part of the sleeves not immersed.
• the sleeves are advantageously filled with water to the sleeve 10. This allows the speed of propagation of light in the sleeve is essentially in the water without discontinuity of the transmission. This transmission then admits the quality of an optical fiber transmission.
• the sleeves 5 are in contact, by their outer wall, with the algal solution 2 which fills the basin.
• the sleeve 10 may comprise a body 101 holding a Fresnel lens 104.
• the sleeve can be closed sealed by a translucent cover 102 or transparent, which can also include an optical concentrator.
• the sleeve may comprise a valve 103 for the admission of the liquid into the sleeve, when filling the sleeve with a neutral liquid.
• This valve is then preferably formed on the cover 102 of the sleeve.
• the basin 3 may comprise several light exposure devices in accordance with the invention and connected together by means of buoys 8. It can then be provided complementary inflatable floats spaced regularly and transversely to the main structure. They can then support a large point load (snow or maintenance tools) without remanent deformation of the surface.
• the light exposure device may further comprise means for securing and / or anchoring (not shown in the figures). Indeed, because of the positive buoyancy of the device, it is not necessary to fix it on the surface of the basin of the PBR as was necessary in the prior art.
• the basin may be square or rectangular as shown in Figure 2, or cylindrical in shape with a circular cross section (not shown).
• the basin may be aerial as illustrated in Figure 1, in which case portholes 12 may be provided in the walls to complete the exposure to light algal solution 2.
• the basin 3 may also be semi-buried or buried.
• the basin can also be made of prefabricated elements in the factory and assembled on site with a liner of the type used in swimming pools.
• the vertical cross section 13 of the basin may be rectangular as shown in Figure 4, with a flat roof.
• the vertical section 14 may have a trapezoidal bottom portion.
• the walls can also be made of a transparent waterproof membrane, in particular flexible membrane, contributing to the exposure of the algal solution to light.
• An algal solution extraction line is provided in the upper part of the basin, in order to benefit from the higher concentration of algae. After extraction and filtration, the return of water is ensured in the lower part by a pipe 26. The nutrients for the development of algae can be injected into the return water.
• the process of extracting the biomass in the algae solution of the photobioreactors is continuous and, since it does not require intermediate storage in reservoirs, it is not necessary to provide ultrafiltration with membranes for avoid the inadvertent development of algae in the tanks.
• the photo-bioreactor according to the invention can provide a system for filtering the wavelengths of light.
• the photo-bioreactor can also provide sun-breezes to reduce the light intensity of rays incident on the surface of the basin.
• the outer lens material can be colored or photochromic to limit the light intensity captured.
• the photo-bioreactor can also provide artificial lighting means such as light emitting diodes.
• the photo-bioreactor may further comprise orientable reflectors disposed at the periphery. said photo-bioreactor.
• the photo-bioreactor according to the invention may provide means for emptying a sleeve for the purpose of replacing it and setting up another sleeve.
• the handle that is to be removed is connected, by its upper end, to a pipe connected to the inlet of a suction means of the liquid located inside the sleeve.
• the suction means is generally constituted by a pump. The external pressure exerted by the algal solution compresses the sleeve which flattens and which, after disconnection of the suction pipe, is removed from the basin.
• a device for replacing the sleeves, by winding is provided above the basin.
• This device comprises a drum rotary winding mounted movable in translation above the cells of the basin (for example on a mobile gantry), while being supported by a rail or a gatte.
• Cleaning members including rotating brushes, are provided for translational movement with the drum and for determining a vertical passage gap for the flattened handle which is cleaned by these brushes when removed from the algal solution.
• the device allows, by unfolding, to set up a new flattened sleeve in the algal solution to replace that which has been removed.
• the PBR comprises, in the lower part of the basin, means for dispensing a gas under pressure, in particular carbon dioxide (CO 2) mixed or not with air favorable for the development of algae, and ensuring the agitation of the algal solution.
• the distribution means are constituted by ramps for blowing the gas, as illustrated by arrows F, in the spaces between the sleeves 5.
• the dispensing means 27 are connected to the outlet of a booster 28, rotating, piston or screw, by a pipe 29.
• the distribution of carbon dioxide (CO2) ensures the agitation and homogeneity of the algal solution in the basin 9.
• the PBR further comprises gas capturing means 30 formed by a pipe opening in the upper part of the basin 9, above the algal solution, in the gaseous surface above this solution.
• gas capturing means 30 formed by a pipe opening in the upper part of the basin 9, above the algal solution, in the gaseous surface above this solution.
• These capture means are connected to the suction of a fan 31 which delivers the gases in a pipe 32, in particular to the atmosphere.
• a recycling of a portion of these gases can be provided through a tapping 33 on the pipe 32, this tapping being connected to the suction of the booster 28.
• Basin 3 is insulated to reduce heat loss. Regulation of the temperature of the algal solution is advantageously provided by means of a device for heating and / or cooling (not shown) of the water introduced via line 26 into the pond after filtration, which makes it possible to maintain optimal conditions for the growth of algae and microorganisms. algae.
• heating floors supplied with hot water at low and medium temperatures mention may be made of heating floors supplied with hot water at low and medium temperatures, bubbling with saturated vapors or combustion gases charged with CO 2, external exchangers with plates, tubular or spiral coils, resistors self-regulated or immersed external electric
• Thermal insulation is also complementary equipment that can be implemented with double walls for the sleeve supports.
• the liquid height (h5) in the sleeves is greater than that (h2) of the algal solution to ensure a differential hydrostatic pressure for maintaining the shape of the sleeve without restraint.
• the submerged height of the sleeves is indeed subject to the buoyancy of Archimedes which is exerted on the floating structure of the support of the sleeves.
• This upward force ensures the difference in level between the liquid in the sleeves and the high level of the pool. It is the combination and the balance between Archimedes' principle and Torricelli's principle which allow in short the maintenance of the sleeves.
• buoyancy of the light exposure device is particularly expressed in the implementation of a photobioreactor according to one of the embodiments described above.
• the floating nature of the light exposure device makes it possible to simplify and secure the use of the light exposure device, and this at a lower cost.
• buoyancy of the light exposure devices allows a great modularity. Indeed, given the fact that it is not necessary to fix them on the periphery of the basin, it is possible to add, remove or change while the pond is in operation.
• these light exposure devices are very autonomous in terms of use (installation, service life).
• the position of the sleeves of the light exposure device relative to the surface of the water is always the same regardless of the variations in the water level in the basin.
• the assembly is fast and does not require heavy lifting means.
• the overall dimensions of such a disassembled device is the road gauge, or a footprint of 2.5 m maximum.

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• 2016
  • 2016-09-27 FR FR1659114A patent/FR3056600B1/fr active Active
• 2017
  • 2017-09-26 EP EP17780348.3A patent/EP3519552A1/de active Pending
  • 2017-09-26 US US16/337,033 patent/US20200032181A1/en active Pending
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