EP3516725A1 - Procédé de realisation d'un dispositif electrochimique et dispositif electrochimique - Google Patents
Procédé de realisation d'un dispositif electrochimique et dispositif electrochimiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP3516725A1 EP3516725A1 EP17780826.8A EP17780826A EP3516725A1 EP 3516725 A1 EP3516725 A1 EP 3516725A1 EP 17780826 A EP17780826 A EP 17780826A EP 3516725 A1 EP3516725 A1 EP 3516725A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrolyte
- electrode
- zone
- electrochemically active
- active layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/14—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M6/18—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte
- H01M6/181—Cells with non-aqueous electrolyte with solid electrolyte with polymeric electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/40—Printed batteries, e.g. thin film batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F99/00—Subject matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/15—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect
- G02F1/1514—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material
- G02F1/1523—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising inorganic material
- G02F1/1525—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on an electrochromic effect characterised by the electrochromic material, e.g. by the electrodeposited material comprising inorganic material characterised by a particular ion transporting layer, e.g. electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/04—Construction or manufacture in general
- H01M2010/0495—Nanobatteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0085—Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M6/00—Primary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M6/22—Immobilising of electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method of manufacturing an electrochemical device and in particular a microbattery or an electrochromic device.
- the invention also relates to an electrochemical device.
- Microbatteries are defined as electrochemical generators formed by a stack of thin layers which comprises at least two electrodes (positive and negative) separated by an electrolyte. These microbatteries make it possible in particular to adapt the energy sources to the new nomadic applications that are regularly proposed and which integrate electronic microcircuits.
- electrolyte in liquid form.
- This electrolyte consists of a solvent associated with a metal salt.
- This electrolyte has a high conductivity, greater than 10 "3 S / cm, which makes it particularly interesting, however, the devices using a liquid electrolyte are subject to significant safety constraints because the risk of leakage of the electrolyte is no negligible.
- Gels-polymer electrolytes It is also known to use Gels-polymer electrolytes. These electrolytes also use a polymer or inorganic matrix that is used to confine a liquid. This liquid is a mixture of a solvent with a metal salt. The polymer matrix provides the mechanical properties and the liquid phase provides the electrochemical properties. Such an electrolyte has improved electrochemical performance compared to an all-solid electrolyte based on polymers. However, the electrochemical performance and in particular the ionic conductivity are worse than those of a liquid electrolyte. It also appears that the implementation is more complicated.
- the object of the invention is to provide a method of manufacturing an electrochemical device which is easy to implement and which makes it possible to produce a more efficient device.
- the method of manufacturing the electrochemical device comprises:
- an electrically insulating and ionically conductive electrolyte in contact with the first electrode, the electrolyte being in liquid or gel form,
- the method is remarkable in that it comprises a step of polymerizing at least a portion of the electrolyte by means of electromagnetic radiation through the first electrode and / or the second electrode, the first electrode and / or the second electrode.
- electrodes are textured to define at least a first region and a second region having different transmission rates of said electromagnetic radiation and / or at least one projecting pattern.
- the polymerization step is configured to define at least a first zone having a first crosslinking rate and a first crosslinking density and a second zone having a second crosslinking rate different from the first crosslinking rate and / or a second crosslinking density different from the first crosslinking density by means of the first region and the second region.
- the projecting pattern has a top and at least one side wall covered by the electrolyte prior to the polymerization step.
- the top and at least one sidewall are coated with the electrolyte in solid form after the polymerization step.
- the electrochemical device is a battery or an electrochromic device.
- the first electrode comprises:
- the electrolyte is in contact with the first electrochemically active layer.
- the second electrode comprises:
- the first zone and the second zone are defined by differences in thickness of the first electrochemically active layer and / or the first current collector.
- the polymerization step defines an alternation of first zones and second zones in a direction parallel to a main face of the first electrode.
- the polymerization step is configured to form preferred ionic conduction regions connecting the first electrode with the second electrode, the ionic conduction regions being formed by first zones surrounded by a second continuous zone.
- the interface between the first zone and the second zone is in the extension of the interface between an area where the first electrochemically active layer covers the support substrate and an area where the first electrochemically active layer leaves discovered the support substrate.
- the first support substrate is transparent to the first radiation and the first electrochemically active layer and the first current collector are opaque to the first radiation and are configured to define empty zones where the first zone comes into contact with the first one. support substrate.
- the polymerization step is a complete polymerization step transforming a liquid electrolyte into an electrolyte comprising first and second zones in solid or gel form.
- the polymerization step involves insolation of the electrolyte by a first radiation passing only through the first electrode to the electrolyte. It is advantageous to provide that the polymerization stage comprises a first insolation of the electrolyte by a first radiation passing through through the first electrode to the electrolyte and a second step of insulating the liquid electrolyte by the first radiation passing through the second electrode to the electrolyte.
- the polymerization step comprises a first irradiation of the electrolyte with a first radiation passing through the first electrode to the electrolyte and a second radiation passing through the second electrode to the electrolyte, both radiations being applied simultaneously.
- the method comprises the use of a blocker connecting the first electrode with the second electrode and configured to form an electrolyte reservoir in association with the first electrode and the second electrode before the polymerization step.
- the invention also relates to an electrochemical device which has better performance than the devices of the prior art.
- the electrochemical device is remarkable in that it comprises a first electrode and a second electrode separated by an electrically insulating electrolyte.
- the electrolyte comprises at least a first zone having a first degree of crosslinking and a first crosslinking density and a second zone having a second crosslinking rate different from the first crosslinking rate and / or a second crosslinking density different from the first density. crosslinking.
- the electrolyte is two-phase and has a second zone in the solid phase or in the form of a gel defining channels filled by a first zone in the liquid phase, the liquid phase being formed by a first mixture comprising monomers and / or prepolymers and the solid phase or the gel being formed by the first mixture and wherein the monomers and / or prepolymers have reacted to form polymers.
- FIG. 1 and 2 show, schematically, in section, a first embodiment of a method of manufacturing an electrochemical device
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show diagrammatically, in section, two alternative embodiments of a method for manufacturing an electrochemical device
- FIGS. 5 and 6 schematically represent, in section, another variant embodiment of a method for manufacturing an electrochemical device
- FIGS. 7 and 8 schematically represent, in section, another embodiment of a method for manufacturing an electrochemical device
- FIGS. 9 and 10 show schematically, in section, yet another embodiment of a method for manufacturing an electrochemical device
- FIG. 1 1, 12 and 13 show, schematically, in top view, different arrangements of the electrodes in relation to Figures 9 and 10.
- the electrochemical device comprises an electrolyte 1 which physically and electrically separates first and second electrodes 2a and 2b.
- the first and second electrodes 2a and 2b are distinct and electrically conductive.
- the first and second electrodes 2a and 2b are electrochemically active with the electrolyte 1 and participate in the migration of an ion between the first and second electrodes 2a and 2b.
- the electrochemical device can be, for example: a battery, an electrochromic device or a capacitor.
- At least one of the first and second electrodes 2a and 2b ensures the mechanical maintenance of the electrochemical device.
- the first electrode 2a provides the support function and the second electrode 2b serves as a cover for closing the electrochemical device.
- the first electrode 2a and the second electrode 2b both provide the support function.
- the first and second electrodes 2a and 2b have barrier characteristics.
- the first and second electrodes 2a and 2b are a barrier to the diffusion of pollutants from outside, for example O 2 and H 2 O.
- the first and / or second electrodes 2a and 2b are made exclusively of electrically conductive materials.
- the first electrode 2a and the second electrode 2b may be made of identical or different materials.
- the first electrode 2a and the second electrode 2b can be made integrally in a metal.
- the metal may be a pure element or a metal alloy.
- the pure element or the constituents of the alloy can be chosen from: aluminum, copper, nickel, titanium, silver, gold, chromium, tungsten, tantalum, barium and platinum. It is also possible to make the first electrode 2a and / or the second electrode 2b in an alloy containing at least one or two of the above materials.
- the metal alloy may also be stainless steel or alloys containing a large amount of nickel alloyed with iron and chromium. This alloy may also contain secondary elements chosen from niobium, molybdenum or manganese. This alloy can be marketed under the Inconel® brand. It is also possible to provide that the first electrode 2a and / or the second electrode 2b are made of a transparent conductive oxide, for example an oxide and tin alloy ITO.
- the first electrode 2a and / or the second electrode 2b may be a strip made of a material chosen from: aluminum, copper, nickel, titanium, silver, gold, chromium, tungsten or platinum. It is also possible to make the first electrode 2a and / or the second electrode 2b in an alloy containing at least two of the above materials.
- the first electrode 2a and / or the second electrode 2b may have planar main surfaces or three-dimensional surfaces, that is to say surfaces with protruding areas and / or recesses. The main plane or three-dimensional surfaces are the two surfaces facing each other and in contact with the electrolyte 1.
- the first and / or second electrodes 2a and 2b are formed by stacks of several different layers. These stacks advantageously comprise a first support substrate 3a and a second support substrate 3b made of electrically insulating material. The first support substrate 3a and the second support substrate 3b are respectively covered by a first electrically conductive layer 4a and a second electrically conductive layer 4b.
- the first support substrate 3a and / or the second support substrate 3b may be made of identical or different materials.
- the support substrate 3a / 3b may be made for example of silicon, glass, mica, silicate, quartz, ceramic material and / or plastic material. It is advantageous to make the support substrate made of plastic material chosen from polyimide which can be sold under the brand name Kapton® or polyethylene terephthalate which can be sold under the trademark Mylar®.
- the first electrically conductive layer 4a and / or the second electrically conductive layer 4b may be made of identical or different materials.
- the electrically conductive layer 4a / 4b may be made of one of the electrically conductive materials presented above to form the electrodes 2a / 2b.
- the first electrically conductive layer 4a and / or the second electrically conductive layer 4b respectively comprise a first current collector 5a covered by a first electrochemically active layer 6a and a second current collector 5b covered by a second layer. electrochemically active 6b.
- the first electrochemically active layer 6a and / or the second electrochemically active layer 6b advantageously have electrochemical properties common with the electrolyte 1.
- the current collector 5a / 5b is made of a material conducting the electric current.
- the current collector 5a / 5b can be realized in one any of the different materials proposed to form the electrodes 2a / 2b.
- the first current collector 5a may be made of a material identical to or different from that of the second current collector 5b.
- the current collector is made of metal and comprises at least 90 atomic% of one of the preceding metals. It is also possible to make the metal alloy current collectors from one or more of the above materials.
- the first electrochemically active layer 6a and the second electrochemically active layer 6b may be made of identical or different materials. It is advantageous to use the first electrochemically active layer 6a and / or the second electrochemically active layer 6b to form a battery or electrochromic device.
- the first electrochemically active layer 6a or the second electrochemically active layer 6b form a positive electrode.
- the positive electrode is cationically inserted to insert for example Na + or Li + .
- the other active electrochemical layer 6b or 6a is a negative electrode.
- the material used to form the negative electrode depends on the type of considered battery, that is to say the type of electrolyte 1 used.
- the battery can be lithium metal type with a lithium metal electrode.
- the negative electrode may also be of lithium-ion type with materials capable of forming an alloy or a compound defined with lithium.
- the materials forming the electrochemically active layer 6a / 6b are advantageously chosen from the list consisting of: Bi, Sb, Si, Sn, Zn, Ni, Cd, Ce, Co, Fe, Mg, Ge. It is also possible to choose M x O y oxides or M x S y sulfides with M representing a metal. It is still possible to produce the electrode by means of a complex of MF or MF2 type with M representing a metal and F representing fluorine.
- the negative electrode may be made of a non-electrochemically active material, for example in a material capable of forming a current collector, for example copper. It may be the same for sodium-based batteries.
- This embodiment is particularly advantageous when the first and / or second current collectors 5a and 5b are devoid of electrochemical property and / or are not electrochemically active and even more advantageously when the first and / or second current collectors 5a and 5b have better electrical conductivity than the first or second electrochemically active layers 6a or 6b.
- the electrically conductive layer 4a / 4b in a material having properties electrochemical and / or electrochemically active and selected from the materials presented above to form the layers 6a / 6b.
- the electrolyte layer 1 separates the two electrodes 2a and 2b and more precisely, the electrolyte layer 1 separates the first and second support substrates 3a and 3b and the first and second electrically conductive layers 4a and 4b. 4b.
- the electrolyte layer 1 separates the first and second current collectors 5a and 5b as well as the first and second electrochemically active layers 6a and 6b.
- an electrolyte 1 which is at least partly in solid or gel form, which makes it possible to limit the risks of leakage.
- an electrolyte in solid form or gel generally results in the realization of a more complex manufacturing process.
- the electrolyte 1 is initially in liquid or gel form, which makes it possible to adapt to the different morphologies of the surface of the electrode 2a / 2b.
- the electrode comprises voids and / or a porous material
- the use of a liquid electrolyte or in the form of a gel advantageously low viscosity allows penetration into the voids, for example the pores of the electrode. This ensures good impregnation of each of the electrodes with the electrolyte 1.
- This configuration is particularly advantageous when at least one of the electrodes 2a / 2b is three-dimensional, that is to say that it comprises a projecting element.
- the electrolyte can then easily infiltrate the tortuosities of the material, which is not the case with a solid or very viscous electrolyte.
- the electrolyte 1 is configured to be polymerized and thus increase its crosslinking rate and / or its crosslinking density.
- the electrolyte 1 can be transformed into a solid electrolyte or a gel.
- a polymerization step is carried out while the electrolyte 1 is in contact with the first electrode 2a and with the second electrode 2b. In this way, the polymerized electrolyte will remain in perfect contact with the two electrodes 2a and 2b.
- This embodiment is preferable to an embodiment where the electrolyte is already crosslinked before its connection with the second electrode 2b. Since the electrolyte is malleable, it can be deformed in order to partially compensate for the risks of manufacture and to ensure perfect contact with the electrodes 2a and 2b before it is polymerized.
- This solution is particularly advantageous when producing a battery or an electrochemical device which comprises a current collector which is surmounted by an electrochemically active layer.
- the different layers formed define three-dimensional patterns. For example, the top and the side faces are in intimate contact with the electrolyte before and after polymerization which improves the electrical performance by increasing the contact area between the electrolyte 1 and the electrode 2a / 2b.
- An electrolyte in liquid form is an electrolyte that is capable of flowing, has a weak cohesion between its molecules and is easily deformable.
- An electrolyte in the form of a gel is an electrolyte that does not flow but remains deformable. In particular, it can deform under its own weight.
- An electrolyte in solid form is an electrolyte that does not flow and can not deform without breaking. It has a strong cohesion between its molecules.
- the polymerization of the electrolyte 1 is obtained by means of insolation by electromagnetic radiation, preferably by ultraviolet radiation.
- EP 1 278 260 discloses the production of a fuel cell which includes a step of bonding two electrolytic membranes by hot pressing and then an ultraviolet radiation polymerization step to reduce the cohesion with the support layer and release the access to the electrolyte membrane.
- the electromagnetic radiation polymerization with a polymerization by evaporation of a solvent present in the electrolyte 1. It is also possible to obtain the polymerization by heating the electrolyte 1 beyond the temperature polymerization of the monomeric precursors present in the electrolyte.
- the electrolyte is heated to a temperature above 150 ° C.
- Electrode 1 it is advantageous to use electromagnetic radiation to transform, for example, the electrolyte 1 into a more rigid electrolyte. Indeed, it avoids heating the electrochemical device which can cause the degradation of some of its constituents. This also avoids the formation of an electrochemical device that is permeable to the solvent because this embodiment can be complicated to implement in the choice of materials.
- the electrolyte 1 is configured to be an electronic insulator and preferably an ionic conductor in its solid or gel form.
- the electrolyte is advantageously configured to be an electronic insulator and preferably an ionic conductor in its liquid form.
- the electrolyte 1 is advantageously formed of a polymer or inorganic matrix which confers on it its structural properties and a liquid which gives it its electrical and electrochemical properties.
- the matrix is formed by a material comprising pores filled with a liquid solution comprising at least one salt of the ion to be displaced between the electrodes 2a and 2b.
- the ion used may for example be lithium or sodium depending on the type of battery desired. Alternatively, it is also possible to provide that the ion can be selected from potassium, silver, copper, magnesium and aluminum.
- the electrolyte advantageously contains a matrix and for example a polymer matrix which may be formed of a material chosen from polyethylene glycol (PEO), ethoxylated bisphenol A dimethacrylate (BEMA, bisphenol A ethoxylate dimethacrylate) and poly (ethylene glycol).
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
- PAN polyacrylonitrile
- PVDF-HFP polyvinylidene fluoride - hexafluoropropylene
- PVDF-HFP poly (vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)
- a poly (ionic liquid) For example, it is advantageous to use (poly (N-vinylimidazolium) bis (trifluoromethanesulfonylamide)). It is still possible to use an inorganic matrix of silica type which is advantageously chosen from tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS), methyltrimethoxysilane (NTMS, methyltrimethoxysilane), tetramethylorthosilicate (TMOS), triethoxyvinylsilane (TEVOS) or a mixture of these latter.
- TEOS tetraethylorthosilicate
- NTMS methyltrimethoxysilane
- TMOS tetramethylorthosilicate
- TVOS triethoxyvinylsilane
- the electrolyte 1 may also contain a solvent and advantageously a carbonate solvent and more preferably a solvent selected from ethylene carbonate (EC), propylene carbonate (PC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), succinonitrile (SN), glutaronitrile (GN), vinyl carbonate (VC). Electrolyte 1 may also contain a mixture of several of the foregoing solvents.
- the electrolyte 1 may also contain an ionic liquid which is preferably chosen from ionic liquids of the family of anions piperidinium, imidazolium, pyrrolidinium, pyridinium or ammonium anions. These ionic liquids are advantageously associated with one less acetate cations CH3COO-, bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide TFSI-, bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide FSI-, bis (oxalate) borate B (O4C2) 2-, bromide Br-, chloride Cl-, iodide I-, tetrachloroaluminate Cl-: AICI2, hexafluorophosphate PF6-, tetrafluoroborate BF4-, dicyanamide N (CN) 2-, ethylphosphonate (C2H5O) (H) PO2-, methylphosphonate (CH3O) (H) PO2-, hydrogen
- the electrolyte 1 advantageously contains a lithium salt chosen from lithium chloride (LiCl), lithium bromide (LiBr), lithium iodide (LiI), lithium perchlorate (LiClO Lithium perchlorate), lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 , Lithium hexafluorophosphate), lithium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiFSI), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF 4 , lithium tetrafluoroborate), lithium hexafluoroarsenate (1-iAsF 6 , lithium hexafluoro arsenate) lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI,
- the electrolyte 1 contains a sodium salt.
- the photoinitiator is advantageously chosen from 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-1-phenylpopane-1-one (sold under the name Darocur TM 1173 or HMPP), azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), 2-2- dimethoxy-2-phenylacetophenone (DMPA), benzophenone (BP), p-xylene-bis (n, n-diethyldithiocarbonate) (XDT).
- an electrolyte 1 containing a BEMA type polymer matrix and an HMPP type photoinitiator is reactive at a wavelength equal to 365 nm. It is advantageous to use a radiation power of between 3 and 40 mW / cm 2 and a dose that can vary between 0.2 and 0.5 mWh / cm 2 to carry out the polymerization.
- a radiation power of between 3 and 40 mW / cm 2 and a dose that can vary between 0.2 and 0.5 mWh / cm 2 to carry out the polymerization.
- the dose and the power of insolation can vary in order to take into account the physico-chemical parameters sought and in particular to obtain specific mechanical, electrochemical and chemical properties.
- the electrolyte 1 is between the electrodes 2a and 2b.
- the electrolyte is located by means of the first and second electrodes 2a and 2b.
- the electrolyte 1 can be located by means of a blocker 7, here in the form of a ring which is in contact with the first electrode 2a and with the second electrode 2b so as to define completely or partially a cavity which is filled with the electrolyte 1 preferably in liquid form or a low-viscosity gel.
- the cavity is completely filled with the electrolyte 1.
- the electrolyte 1 is in contact with the first electrode 2a and with the second electrode 2b.
- the blocker 7 ring advantageously defines a moisture-proof enclosure and preferentially to the external atmosphere in cooperation with the first electrode 2a and with the second electrode 2b.
- the blocker 7 surrounding the liquid electrolyte is not necessary.
- the blocker 7 can be replaced by multiple non-contiguous sidewalls which make it possible to limit the flow of the liquid electrolyte 1 out of the desired zone until the polymerization of the electrolyte.
- the blocker 7 can be removed.
- the blocker may be retained if it blocks or delays the arrival of pollutants or harmful molecules, for example oxygen and water.
- spacers are disposed between the first electrode 2a and the second electrode 2b. These spacers make it possible to define the minimum distance that separates the two electrodes 2a and 2b.
- the spacer is configured so that the minimum distance between the first electrode 2a and the second electrode 2b is less than 500 microns.
- the spacer is configured so that the distance between the two electrochemically active layers 6a and 6b is less than or equal to 50 microns. This precaution prevents a short circuit between the two electrodes 2a and 2b while ensuring a small distance between the electrodes.
- the polymerization step is a step of at least partial polymerization of the electrolyte 1 by insolation of the electrolyte 1 by means of a first electromagnetic radiation through the first and / or second electrodes 2a / 2b.
- the device is subjected to a polymerization step of the electrolyte 1.
- the electrolyte 1 will therefore react to transform at least partly into a more rigid electrolyte, for example a solid electrolyte or gel form.
- Figure 2 shows a complete polymerization of the electrolyte. Blockers 7 have been removed.
- the electrolyte 1 Prior to the polymerization step, the electrolyte 1 is formed by a first mixture comprising monomers and / or prepolymers. After the polymerization step, the electrolyte is formed by the first mixture in which the monomers and / or prepolymers have reacted to form polymers.
- the chemical composition is therefore the same with the exception of the polymerization reaction of the monomers and / or pre-polymers.
- the polymerization step is carried out by irradiation through at least one of the electrodes 2a / 2b of the electrochemical device.
- This electrode 2a / 2b is an active element of the electrochemical device.
- At least one of the electrodes is textured, that is to say that it has differences in thickness and / or composition. It is particularly advantageous to use this texturing to form regions with different transmission rates of electromagnetic radiation. For example, this texturing is used to form at least one opaque zone and at least one transparent zone.
- the difference in transmission rate may be defined by the presence or absence of layer 4 or layer 5 and / or by differences in thickness in support 2.
- transparency to electromagnetic radiation is advantageously meant that less than 50% of the incident radiation is absorbed by the first electrode 2a or by the second electrode 2b between the two opposite faces of the electrode.
- the electrolyte 1 is initially in liquid form. During the polymerization step, the entire volume of electrolyte 1 is transformed. It is advantageous to convert the liquid electrolyte into a solid electrolyte to eliminate the risk of leakage. Alternatively, it is advantageous to convert the liquid electrolyte into an electrolyte in the form of a gel in order to eliminate the risk of leakage.
- the electrolyte is initially in gel form. During the polymerization step, the entire volume of electrolyte 1 is transformed. It is advantageous to convert the gel electrolyte into a solid electrolyte in order to eliminate the risk of leakage in the event of severe degradation. Alternatively, it is advantageous to convert the electrolyte gel form into an electrolyte also gel form but less viscous to reduce the risk of leakage.
- the polymerization step will form a first zone 1a and a second zone 1 ⁇ which have different characteristics of crosslinking.
- the first zone 1a and the second zone 1 ⁇ are both a solid electrolyte or in the form of a gel.
- the electrolyte 1 comprises a first zone 1a in solid form and a second zone 1 ⁇ in gel form or vice versa.
- the insolation angle is variable so as to irradiate the entire volume of electrolyte 1 and thus form an electrolyte in solid form and / or in the form of a gel and optionally zones 1a. and 1 ⁇ .
- zone 1 ⁇ with respect to what is initially defined for example by means of a mask formed by the transmission rate differences of the electrode 2a / 2b.
- the use of different insolation angles makes it possible to reduce the proportion of liquid phase.
- the second electrode 2b may be opaque to the radiation used.
- the liquid electrolyte 1 is totally converted into a solid electrolyte and / or in gel form by carrying out a first polymerization step through the first electrode 2a and a second polymerization step through the second electrode 2b.
- the two electrodes 2a / 2b have portions transparent to the radiation used and opaque portions.
- the insolation through the first electrode 2a and the insolation through the second electrode 2b can be carried out successively or simultaneously.
- the irradiation step is performed by means of radiation which is applied with a fixed angle relative to the electrochemical device.
- This angle can be defined as the angle that exists between the surface of the electrochemical device and the direction of propagation of the radiation.
- sunscreens with varying angles can be used.
- the sum of the opaque zones of the two electrodes is smaller than the surface of an electrode and that the opaque zones of the two electrodes are offset relative to each other along the irradiation axis. to facilitate the transformation of any electrolyte.
- electrolyte 1 which has uniform ionic and mechanical properties from the interface with the first electrode 2a to the interface with the second electrode 2b. It is also possible to provide that the electrolyte 1 has uniform or different ionic and mechanical properties from one end to the opposite end in a direction parallel to the interface between the electrolyte and one of the electrodes.
- the exposure step is configured to apply different insolation conditions, that is to say two different radiation powers and / or two different doses on two distinct areas of the electrolyte 1. These two different insolation conditions will cause two different reactions of polymerization on the electrolyte which will form a first zone 1a and a second zone 1 ⁇ which have different characteristics of crosslinking.
- This embodiment is particularly advantageous, it allows to quickly change the shape of the zones by changing only the shape of the first and second regions of the mask.
- the mask is an internal mask which is part of the electrochemical device.
- the mask may be formed in the first electrode 2a and / or in the second electrode 2b.
- the mask is used to define the first zone 1a and the second zone 1 ⁇ . It is particularly advantageous to form the mask in the electrodes 2a and / or 2b since the first and second zones 1a and 1b are self-aligned with respect to the electrode patterns, which facilitates the location of zones with improved mechanical performance and areas with improved ionic performance.
- the mask is partially transparent to the electromagnetic radiation, that is to say that it has opaque regions and regions that are transparent to the electromagnetic radiation. In one case, all transparent regions have the same transmission rate. In an alternative, several different transmission rates may be present among the different transparent regions.
- the polymerization step is configured to insolate the first zone 1a and to irradiate the second zone 1 ⁇ of the electrolyte. The crosslinking will take place in the second zone 1 ⁇ and in the first zone 1 a. The insolation conditions of the first zone 1 a are different from the insolation conditions of the second zone 1 ⁇ .
- the mask is transparent to electromagnetic radiation, that is to say that it has at least first and second regions that are transparent to electromagnetic radiation. These first and second transparent regions have different transmission rates.
- the mask has an alternation of first regions and second regions in a direction X parallel to the main surface of the first electrode 2a and / or the second electrode 2b.
- the central region of the first electrode 2a has a lower transmission rate than the peripheral region because it is thicker and / or it is formed in a more absorbent material.
- the central region is opaque.
- the insolation step defines the first zone 1a and the second zone 1 ⁇ .
- the second zone 1 ⁇ completely surrounds the first zone 1 a.
- a configuration with opaque areas and transparent areas can be used to partially transform the liquid electrolyte 1 into a solid electrolyte.
- the device then comprises a two-phase electrolyte. The portion of liquid electrolyte 1 which has been converted into solid electrolyte or gel makes it possible to reduce the risk of leakage of the liquid electrolyte 1. Zones in liquid electrolyte are retained to improve the ionic performance of the electrolyte.
- a first polymerization step is performed through the first electrode 2a and a second polymerization step 2b is performed through the second electrode.
- This case may be advantageous for reducing the proportion of material in the liquid phase.
- the conditions of the second irradiation step may be identical or different from the conditions of the first insolation step, for example on the power, the orientation of the electromagnetic radiation.
- a solid electrolyte is polymerized on the peripheral zones in contact with the first electrode 2a and with the second electrode 2b, which makes it possible to reduce the risk of leakage of a liquid electrolyte 1.
- the different embodiments can be used alone or in combination to form the first and second zones. It is possible to use an external mask in combination with an internal mask and possibly a radiation source delivering different powers simultaneously. It is still possible to use an internal mask alone or in combination with an external mask and possibly a radiation source delivering different powers simultaneously. It is still possible to use a radiation source delivering different powers simultaneously alone or in combination with an external mask and / or an internal mask.
- the differences in optical properties of the first electrode 2a are defined by providing a first electrode that uses different materials and / or different thicknesses of materials.
- the first and second regions are advantageously defined by means of thickness differences of the electrochemically active layer 6a and / or the first current collector 5a.
- the first electrode 2a is formed by a first support substrate 3a successively covered by a first current collector 5a and a first electrochemically active layer 6a.
- the electrochemically active layer 6a may have areas with different thicknesses to define first regions and second regions in the first electrode 2a.
- the electrochemically active layer 6a may be etched to define covered areas and uncovered areas on the surface of the current collector 5a and thereby define first regions and second regions in the first electrode 2a. It is particularly advantageous to provide that the proportion of transparent areas is less than 50% and preferably less than 10%. Limiting the etched area area of the electrochemically active layer 6a allows a significant amount of active material to be retained in the operation of the battery or electrochromic device.
- the current collector 5a may have areas with different thicknesses to define first regions and second regions in the mask formed in the first electrode 2a.
- the current collector 5a may be etched to define covered areas and uncovered areas on the surface of the support substrate 3a and thereby define first regions and second regions in the region. first electrode 2a.
- the electrochemically active layer 6a comes into contact with the support substrate 3a in the areas not covered by the current collector 5a.
- the electrochemically active layer 6a and the current collector 5a both have zones with different thicknesses, which makes it possible to define first regions and second regions in the first electrode 2a.
- the stack formed by the electrochemically active layer 6a and the current collector 5a so as to define covered areas and uncovered areas on the surface of the support substrate 3a and thus define first regions and regions. second regions in the first electrode 2a.
- the electrolyte 1 comes into contact with the support substrate 3a in the areas not covered by the electrochemically active layer 6a and not covered by the current collector 5a.
- the electrochemically active layer 6a and the current collector 5a both define holes so as to let the incident radiation pass and that all the zones of the current collector 5a are connected. between them and at the same potential.
- the current collector is ungraved, i.e., continuous.
- the first electrode 2a has first regions and second regions.
- the first zones 1 preferably has a liquid electrolyte and the second zones 1 ⁇ preferentially in solid electrolyte are defined by the shape of the first regions and second regions in relation to the direction of the incident radiation through the first electrode 2a.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a device before the polymerization and
- FIG. 4 illustrates the same device after the polymerization.
- the device has a plurality of electrically conductive layer regions 4a that define opaque areas for incident radiation and an electrically conductive layer area that is opaque to incident radiation.
- the first electrode 2a and the second electrode 2b both have opaque areas and transparent areas.
- the first zones 1 preferably has a liquid electrolyte and the second zones 1 ⁇ preferentially solid electrolyte will be defined by the intersections between the shape of the first regions and second regions in the two electrodes in relation to the direction of the incident radiation during the two stages insolation. If a single insolation step is performed, the transformation of the liquid electrolyte 1 into a solid electrolyte is done in the same manner as for the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4.
- first regions of the first electrode 2a and the first regions of the second electrode 2b are aligned along the axis of propagation of the electromagnetic radiation.
- a first zone 1 can be formed in the extension of two first regions facing each other and between the first two regions. This first zone 1 comes into contact with the two electrodes 2a and 2b.
- Figure 5 illustrates a device prior to polymerization and Figure 6 illustrates the same device after polymerization.
- the second regions of the first electrode 2a and the second regions of the second electrode 2b are also aligned along the axis of propagation of the electromagnetic radiation. In this way, a second zone may be formed and this second zone comes into contact with the two electrodes 2a and 2b.
- the first regions of the first electrode 2a and the first regions of the second electrode 2a are not aligned along the axis of propagation of the electromagnetic radiation in the case of simple insolation or double insolation on both sides of the electrochemical device.
- This embodiment is particularly advantageous for completely transforming a liquid electrolyte 1 into a solid electrolyte or in the form of a gel. It is also advantageous to provide that the first regions of the first electrode 2a and the second regions of the second electrode 2b are also non-aligned along the axis of propagation of the electromagnetic radiation. In this way, obtaining a completely solid or gel electrolyte is facilitated.
- a first region of the first electrode 2a faces a second region of the second electrode 2b along the axis of propagation of the electromagnetic radiation. It is also expected that a second region of the first electrode 2a faces a first region of the second electrode 2b along the axis of propagation of the electromagnetic radiation. In this way, obtaining a completely solid electrolyte 1 is facilitated.
- the first and second electrochemically active layers 6a and 6b define three-dimensional structures which intercalate with each other.
- the first and second electrochemically active layers 6a and 6b are arranged to face each other in a direction X parallel to the main surface of the first electrode 2a.
- the first and the second electrochemically active layers 6a and 6b may be structured to define pillars as illustrated in FIGS. 11 and 12, or they may be structured so as to define two forms interlocking one with the other for example two complementary shapes as illustrated in FIG. 13.
- a gap is provided between the shapes defined by the first electrochemically active layer 6a and the shapes defined by the second electrochemically active layer 6b in order to be able to confine the electrolyte 1.
- the electrolyte 1 comprises at least a first zone 1a having a first degree of crosslinking and a first crosslinking density and a second zone 1 ⁇ having a second degree of crosslinking different from the first level of crosslinking and / or a second crosslinking density. different from the first crosslinking density.
- the electrolyte 1 may be two-phase.
- the second zone is a solid phase or gel that defines channels filled by a liquid phase 1 formed by the first zone.
- the liquid phase 1 is formed by a first mixture comprising monomers and / or prepolymers.
- the solid phase or gel is formed by the first mixture and in this first mixture the monomers and / or prepolymers are reacted to form polymers.
- the electrolyte 1 may be single-phase and have two zones in solid phase or gel with different properties.
- the second zone defines channels filled by the first zone 1a.
- the first zone 1a is formed by a first mixture having a first degree of crosslinking.
- the second zone 1 ⁇ is formed by the first mixture in a second degree of crosslinking different from the first degree of crosslinking.
- the first zone 1a has a better ionic conductivity than the second zone 1 ⁇ .
- the second zone 1 ⁇ has greater rigidity than the first zone 1a.
- the electrolyte layer separates the first electrode 2a and the second electrode 2b three-dimensionally, that is to say in three directions orthogonal to each other.
- the complete polymerization of the electrolyte makes it possible to form an assembly with two particularly compact three-dimensional electrodes without damaging the polymer during the introduction of the electrode into the electrolyte 1.
- the first stack can be formed simply as follows.
- the first electrode 2a is supplied and the electrolyte 1 is deposited on the first electrode 2a. If necessary, the blocker 7 can be used to confine the electrolyte.
- the second electrode 2b When the second electrode 2b comes into contact with the electrolyte, the latter may overflow beyond the blocker 7 so as to ensure perfect contact between the electrolyte 1 and the two electrodes 2a / 2b.
- the second stack can be formed simply in the following manner by providing the second electrode 2b.
- the second electrode 2b is brought into contact with the electrolyte 1 which separates the two electrodes 2a and 2b.
- the electrochemical device is formed.
- the assembly is subjected to a polymerization step in order to partially or completely transform the electrolyte 1.
- the general shape of the electrochemical device, and thus the shape of the electrolyte, is defined before the polymerization step. In this way, the polymerized electrolyte exactly takes the form of the electrodes 2a and 2b.
- This embodiment can be used, for example, to form a capacitor.
- the first electrode 2a is for example formed by providing a support substrate 3a on which a first current collector 5a is formed. It is then possible to form a first electrochemically active layer 6a on the first current collector 5a.
- the various layers forming the first electrode can be deposited full plate and then etched. Alternatively, the different layers can be formed through a mask so as to directly define the desired patterns. It is also possible to combine these two techniques depending on the layers to be deposited. As before, once the first electrode has been formed, the electrolyte 1 can be deposited. In this case, the electrolyte is deposited in contact with the electrochemically active layer.
- a blocker 7 can be used.
- the second electrode 2b may be formed similarly to the first electrode.
- the second electrode 2b and more particularly the second electrochemically active layer 6b is brought into contact with the electrolyte 1.
- the electrolyte 1 deforms and / or overflows beyond the blocker 7.
- a polymerization step is carried out in order to at least partially transform the electrolyte 1 into a solid electrolyte or gel.
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Abstract
Description
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1658777A FR3056341B1 (fr) | 2016-09-19 | 2016-09-19 | Procede de realisation d’un dispositif electrochimique et dispositif electrochimique. |
| PCT/FR2017/052493 WO2018051044A1 (fr) | 2016-09-19 | 2017-09-18 | Procédé de realisation d'un dispositif electrochimique et dispositif electrochimique |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| EP3516725A1 true EP3516725A1 (fr) | 2019-07-31 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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| EP17780826.8A Withdrawn EP3516725A1 (fr) | 2016-09-19 | 2017-09-18 | Procédé de realisation d'un dispositif electrochimique et dispositif electrochimique |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10916804B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3516725A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3056341B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2018051044A1 (fr) |
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| CN114935849B (zh) * | 2022-05-13 | 2023-05-05 | 福耀玻璃工业集团股份有限公司 | 调光组件及其制备方法、车辆 |
| CN121299968B (zh) * | 2025-12-12 | 2026-03-17 | 苏州伯宇光电科技有限公司 | 一种分区电致变色器材及制备方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| US5665490A (en) * | 1993-06-03 | 1997-09-09 | Showa Denko K.K. | Solid polymer electrolyte, battery and solid-state electric double layer capacitor using the same as well as processes for the manufacture thereof |
| US5426005A (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 1995-06-20 | Motorola, Inc. | Interpenetrating polymer network electrolytes and electrochemical cells using same |
| US5780160A (en) * | 1994-10-26 | 1998-07-14 | Donnelly Corporation | Electrochromic devices with improved processability and methods of preparing the same |
| US6197450B1 (en) * | 1998-10-22 | 2001-03-06 | Ramot University Authority For Applied Research & Industrial Development Ltd. | Micro electrochemical energy storage cells |
| EP2009720B1 (fr) | 2001-01-19 | 2010-12-29 | Panasonic Corporation | Assemblage membrane électrolyte-électrode pour pile à combustible |
| US7097943B2 (en) | 2001-01-31 | 2006-08-29 | Korea Institute Of Science And Technology | UV-cured multi-component polymer blend electrolyte, lithium secondary battery and their fabrication method |
| KR101173200B1 (ko) * | 2008-08-05 | 2012-08-10 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | 겔 폴리머 전해질 이차전지 제조방법 및 그에 의해 제조된겔 폴리머 전해질 이차전지 |
| KR101339704B1 (ko) | 2011-09-01 | 2013-12-10 | 재단법인대구경북과학기술원 | 광감응 태양전지용 고분자 전해질, 이를 포함하는 광감응 태양전지 및 그 제조방법 |
| US9601751B2 (en) * | 2013-03-15 | 2017-03-21 | Apple Inc. | Annealing method for thin film electrodes |
| KR102163733B1 (ko) | 2013-11-29 | 2020-10-12 | 삼성전자주식회사 | 리튬 전지용 고분자 전해질 및 이를 포함하는 리튬 전지 |
| CN106463678B (zh) * | 2014-05-30 | 2020-01-03 | 巴斯夫欧洲公司 | 在电化学电池中用作保护层和其它组分的聚合物 |
-
2016
- 2016-09-19 FR FR1658777A patent/FR3056341B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2017
- 2017-09-18 EP EP17780826.8A patent/EP3516725A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-09-18 WO PCT/FR2017/052493 patent/WO2018051044A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2017-09-18 US US16/333,824 patent/US10916804B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2018051044A1 (fr) | 2018-03-22 |
| US10916804B2 (en) | 2021-02-09 |
| US20190260076A1 (en) | 2019-08-22 |
| FR3056341B1 (fr) | 2021-01-01 |
| FR3056341A1 (fr) | 2018-03-23 |
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