EP3516036A1 - Bioreacteur pour la selection de microalgues - Google Patents
Bioreacteur pour la selection de microalguesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3516036A1 EP3516036A1 EP17783917.2A EP17783917A EP3516036A1 EP 3516036 A1 EP3516036 A1 EP 3516036A1 EP 17783917 A EP17783917 A EP 17783917A EP 3516036 A1 EP3516036 A1 EP 3516036A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- culture medium
- temperature
- microalgae
- working time
- photosynthetic microorganisms
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Pending
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M21/00—Bioreactors or fermenters specially adapted for specific uses
- C12M21/02—Photobioreactors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M31/00—Means for providing, directing, scattering or concentrating light
- C12M31/02—Means for providing, directing, scattering or concentrating light located outside the reactor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M35/00—Means for application of stress for stimulating the growth of microorganisms or the generation of fermentation or metabolic products; Means for electroporation or cell fusion
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/06—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of illumination
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/12—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of temperature
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/30—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration
- C12M41/36—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation of concentration of biomass, e.g. colony counters or by turbidity measurements
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M41/00—Means for regulation, monitoring, measurement or control, e.g. flow regulation
- C12M41/48—Automatic or computerized control
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12M—APPARATUS FOR ENZYMOLOGY OR MICROBIOLOGY; APPARATUS FOR CULTURING MICROORGANISMS FOR PRODUCING BIOMASS, FOR GROWING CELLS OR FOR OBTAINING FERMENTATION OR METABOLIC PRODUCTS, i.e. BIOREACTORS OR FERMENTERS
- C12M47/00—Means for after-treatment of the produced biomass or of the fermentation or metabolic products, e.g. storage of biomass
- C12M47/06—Hydrolysis; Cell lysis; Extraction of intracellular or cell wall material
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N1/00—Microorganisms; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
- C12N1/12—Unicellular algae; Culture media therefor
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
- C12N5/0018—Culture media for cell or tissue culture
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a bioreactor capable of inducing cellular stress on microalgae cells by means of temperature variations.
- the invention also relates to a method for selecting microalgae based on a cellular stress induced by temperature variations.
- microalgae There are prokaryotic and eukaryotic photosynthetic microorganisms, commonly referred to as microalgae.
- Prokaryotic photosynthetic microorganisms are represented by cyanobacteria (sometimes called “blue-green algae”).
- the eukaryotic photosynthetic microorganisms are represented by a multitude of classes, among which chlorophyceae, diatoms, chrysophyceae, coccolithophyceae, euglenophyceae and rhodopoeias. In general, the size of a microalgae cell is between 1 ⁇ and 100 ⁇ .
- Microalgae are ubiquitous and are found in both freshwater and brackish and marine waters.
- microalgae synthesize many different types of products among which may be mentioned proteins, antioxidants, pigments, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid).
- proteins proteins, antioxidants, pigments, long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid).
- DHA docosahexaenoic acid
- EPA eicosapentaenoic acid
- microalgae find application in several technological fields and in particular in the cosmetics industry, the pharmaceutical industry, aquaculture, the food industry or food supplements.
- microalgae are used in the production of bioenergy.
- Microalgae have the ability to capture light energy to fix and metabolize inorganic carbon from carbon dioxide (CO2) in energetic molecules.
- CO2 carbon dioxide
- the coupling of microalgae with CO2 and the fact that microalgae are often rich in sugars or oils have the consequence that microalgae are of great interest in the production of biofuels. This coupling is also at the origin of purifying capabilities that microalgae present.
- Microalgae are photosynthetic species. Microalgae cells need light to proliferate. Microalgae can be grown using natural light (sunlight) or artificial light.
- all culture systems have a tank for receiving a culture medium which comprises nutrients.
- the microalgae are dispersed in this culture medium and receive light at a fixed temperature or at a variable temperature according to natural climatic conditions.
- the temperature is usually chosen close to the temperature of the natural microalgae environment. This allows a good cell growth rate. But this is sometimes only difficult to achieve or expensive.
- microalgae culture systems In microalgae culture systems, light plays an important role for growth. In a simplified way, the more the microalgae absorb light, the more their growth is favored. However, in systems of the state of the art, the light is mainly absorbed by the cells close to the light source. When the density of microalgae is high, a large part of the light fails to penetrate the depth of the tank. As a result, the microalgae deep in the tanks are found in the dark and can not proliferate properly. Cropping systems therefore have a problem of light overexposure of the cells close to the light source and a problem of underexposure of the cells located at depth of the culture medium. This light gradient within the culture systems limits the production of microalgae. Thus, the light source and the light intensity is a limiting factor for the production processes.
- the state of the art proposes an approach that involves genetically modifying microalgae. It is a question of reducing the size or the number of collector antennas (chlorophyll molecules) and / or modifying the ratios between the various pigments (in particular chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, chlorophyll c, carotenoids and other pigments) of the microalgae for the make it more transparent.
- WO 2014/089533 discloses mutant microalgae with reduced collecting antennae. Each microalga cell captures a lesser amount of light which allows the light to penetrate deep into the vats. The cells located in the zones furthest away from the light source are therefore less shaded.
- the culture systems comprise only one type of mutant: they are monocultures of microalgae. Monocultures are less robust, especially in the face of industrial exploitation conditions. Light gradient problems in cropping systems remain limiting factors in production processes, especially in systems that tend to maximize biomass production. The need to improve the yield of cropping systems persists.
- the state of the art also proposes culture systems in which microalgae are specifically selected to increase the production yield.
- WO 2013/012329 discloses a method for selecting microalgae having an increased storage capacity for components useful for the production of biofuels.
- a culture of different strains of microalgae is subject to nutritional stress. Only strains capable of storing a high concentration of nutrients survive the stress. The strains are then harvested and cultured in the crop systems described above.
- the present invention improves the situation.
- the invention introduces a bioreactor comprising a vessel adapted to be driven during a working time, said vessel being intended to receive a culture medium comprising a cell culture of photosynthetic micro-organisms, a light source arranged for emit incident light of input light intensity selected in the direction of the tank, a temperature probe for measuring the temperature of said culture medium in the tank, and a temperature controller adapted to increase and lower the temperature of said culture medium in the tank.
- the bioreactor of the invention further comprises a control of the temperature controller arranged to adjust the temperature of the culture medium to a low setpoint value during a first time, and to adjust the temperature of the culture medium to a high setpoint. during a second stage, the succession of said first and second times making it possible to induce cellular stress in at least some of said photosynthetic microorganisms during working time.
- the bioreactor further comprises a light sensor disposed opposite the light source, the sensor being capable of measuring an output light intensity and transmitting data relating to this intensity to the controller for calculating the concentration. of the cell culture and to control the cell at said selected cell culture concentration in the culture medium during the working time.
- the bioreactor further comprises a controller arranged to control the cell at a chosen cell culture concentration (,), preferably at a concentration substantially lower than or equal to 1.0 g / L, in the medium of culture during working time.
- a controller arranged to control the cell at a chosen cell culture concentration (,), preferably at a concentration substantially lower than or equal to 1.0 g / L, in the medium of culture during working time.
- microalgae The stress induced on the cells results in a selection and / or adaptation of the cell culture of photosynthetic micro-organisms (microalgae). Only strains capable of surviving stress are harvested after the process of the invention (that is to say preferably after several successive cycles of working time). Harvested strains have valuable properties (including increased lipid storage capabilities or increased lipid synthesis of interest to the industry).
- control is arranged to determine the low setpoint value and said high setpoint value and said first and second times so as to maintain an average value of setpoint V M during the working time.
- the average value of setpoint V M is equal to the sum of the product of said low setpoint value and said first time and the product of said high setpoint value and said second time, divided by the working time. : VM (va ⁇ eur d e x low setpoint first time) + (high set value x second time) working time This allows to induce controlled stress on the cell culture during working time. The adaptation and / or selection of microalgae is performed by avoiding cell damage or excessive cell death.
- the algae cells acclimate to the average setpoint temperature.
- Working time can be repeated several times. Each working time can redefine an average value of setpoint V M. As a result, during each working time the algae cells can acclimate to a new average setpoint temperature. According to one embodiment, the average value of setpoint V M is increased as successive working times. According to another embodiment, the average value of setpoint V M is decreased as successive working times. Thus, the algae cells acclimate to an average temperature respectively higher and higher and lower and lower.
- the average setpoint value may be substantially equal to the optimum growth temperature (T op t) of the cell culture of photosynthetic microorganisms. Adaptation and / or selection of microalgae is therefore carried out around optimum growth temperature. This embodiment takes into account the sensitivity of microalgae and their natural evolution environment. This further avoids cell damage or excessive cell death.
- the selected input light intensity I in the incident light is preferably fixed during the working time. This avoids excessive stress induced by light variations.
- the input light intensity can be between 100 and 2000 ⁇ quanta m "2 s " 1 .
- the input light intensity is equal to about 250 ⁇ quanta m "2 s " 1 .
- the working time is 24 hours, and wherein the first time is 8 hours and the second time is 16 hours.
- This application scheme for the low and high setpoint values allows a good adaptation of the cells of microalgae.
- the working time is reiterated once completed. This allows to initiate a new selection cycle. After several iterations, the selection and / or adaptation of the cells is striking.
- the working time is reiterated 7 to 360 times.
- the control is arranged to receive data relating to the growth rate of the cell culture of photosynthetic micro-organisms after one or more working times.
- the command sets the low setpoint value and said high setpoint value after said reception of the data relating to the growth rate of said photosynthetic microorganism cell culture.
- the growth rate data for the cell culture indicate whether it is growing or not. When growth stagnates the pattern of temperature variation is not changed to allow microalgae cells to adapt to climatic conditions. As the cell culture grows, the temperature variation pattern is made more strict: the difference between the low and high setpoint values is increased. Only cells capable of adapting to new and more extreme weather conditions survive. This makes it possible to increase the selection and / or adaptation criteria and thus to harvest final strains with improved properties. The final strains are of great interest in industry.
- the invention also provides a method for selecting photosynthetic microorganisms, comprising the following steps:
- the low setpoint and the high setpoint and the first and second times are set to maintain a set mean value (V M ) during the working time, the average value being equal to the sum of the product of said set low value and said first time and the product of said high setpoint value and said second time, divided by the working time: low setpoint x first time) + (high setpoint x second time) working time
- the average set value may be substantially equal to the optimum growth temperature (T op t) of the cell culture of photosynthetic micro-organisms.
- the average value is chosen to meet a biologically acceptable temperature criterion specific to a selected microalgae strain.
- the average set value can take any biologically acceptable temperature for the microalgae strain (s) present in the tank.
- the working time can be equal to 24 hours. The first time is then preferably equal to 8 hours and the second time is then equal to 16 hours.
- the second time lasts twice as long (double) as the first time.
- the temperature control step 5 is advantageously repeated 2 to 360 times. This increases the criterion of selection and / or adaptation.
- the method of the invention may further comprise the following steps:
- the temperature control step 5 is repeated more than 2 times so as to cause a cellular degradation of at least a part of said photosynthetic micro-organisms and thus select the photosynthetic micro-organisms having valuable properties.
- the harvest in step 6 is preferably carried out when the culture medium comprises a cell culture of photosynthetic microorganisms consisting of more than 75%, preferably more than 90%, even more preferentially substantially 100% microorganisms. photosynthetic organisms with valuable properties.
- the method of the invention further comprises the following steps:
- the temperature control step 5 is repeated 2 to 360 times.
- the control receives data relating to the growth rate of the cell culture of photosynthetic micro-organisms after one or more working times.
- the control sets the low setpoint and said high setpoint after receiving the growth rate data as follows:
- the low set point and the high set point remain unchanged for the next working time (or cycle).
- the low setpoint is revised downwards for the next working time, and the high setpoint is revised upwards for the next working time.
- the photosynthetic micro-organism cells are cells of the species Tisochrisis lutea, preferably the strain Tisochrisis lutea CCAP 927/17.
- Figure 1 shows a diagram of biomass production of microalgae in a bioreactor according to the invention
- Figure 2 shows a general flowchart of a selection method according to the invention
- FIG. 3 shows an evolution of the temperature during a working time of the process of the invention
- Figure 4 shows an evolution of the temperature during another working time of the method of the invention
- FIG. 5 shows a comparative diagram of thermal niches between a microalgae strain of the state of the art and two microalgae strains selected and / or modified according to the invention
- FIG. 6 shows a comparative diagram of the growth rate between a microalgae strain of the state of the art and two microalgae strains selected and / or modified according to the invention
- FIG. 7 shows a comparative diagram of growth temperatures and thermal niches between a microalgae strain of the state of the art and two microalgae strains selected and / or modified according to the invention
- FIG. 8 shows a comprative diagram of the total level of lipids present in the strains obtained according to the invention and of strains of the state of the art.
- microalgae or biomass of microalgae
- a culture medium rich in nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, trace elements, vitamins) with optimal values of temperature and pH for the microalgae, and to bring enough light.
- nutrients nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, trace elements, vitamins
- the presence of nutrients is necessary to enable microalgae to convert light energy by metabolizing CO2.
- This conversion results in the production of oxygen and the increase in biomass by the proliferation of microalgae (multiplication by cell division).
- a portion of the culture medium comprising microalgae is removed from the tank, and fresh culture medium is poured into the tank.
- the culture medium is renewed proportionally with respect to the growth rate of the microalgae cells (here preferably by a coefficient of proportionality equal to 1).
- the method of the invention provides an average renewal rate of the culture medium of about 10% over all of the working time.
- a light source capable of emitting light at a wavelength that is strongly absorbed by the microalgae is used, in order to obtain a high growth rate.
- FIG. 1 shows a diagram of biomass production of microalgae in a bioreactor of the invention operating in continuous feed.
- the continuous feed bioreactors have the advantage of having an inlet and a outlet of culture medium, associated with a controller for continuously controlling the tank at a selected concentration of microalgae in the culture medium during a working time.
- the bioreactor comprises a tank 100 capable of receiving a culture medium comprising microalgae.
- the microalgae are dispersed in the culture medium or in the form of biofilm.
- Microalgae consist of C cells of photosynthetic microorganisms.
- the bioreactor comprises an inlet 102 and an outlet 104 respectively associated with a flow control device.
- the inlet 102 and the outlet 104 are respectively associated with a first valve (or pump) 106 and a second valve (or pump) 108 for opening and closing the inlet 102 and the outlet 104.
- the inlet 102 and the first valve 106 make it possible to control the supply of the fresh culture medium into the tank 100.
- the outlet 104 and the second valve 108 make it possible to control the evacuation of the culture medium and, if appropriate, at least some of the C-cells.
- the inlet and the outlet make it possible to continuously control the bioreactor for a production P of microalgae biomass.
- the control of biomass production in a continuous feed culture system relies on the control of the cell growth of the microalgae culture.
- the concentration x [g / L] of microalgae in the culture medium changes according to the specific growth rate ⁇ ( ⁇ ) [h 1 ].
- the concentration also changes as a function of the dilution rate D [h -1 ] of the culture medium.
- Dilution rate D is defined by the input flow rate (L / h) divided by the volume (L) of the culture medium.
- ⁇ ( ⁇ )> D the cells multiply (by cell division) faster than they are evacuated, their number and therefore their concentration (biomass) will increase.
- ⁇ ( ⁇ ) ⁇ D the cells multiply (by cell division) less quickly than they are evacuated, their number and therefore their concentration (biomass) will decrease.
- ⁇ ( ⁇ ) D: the number of cells remains constant over time.
- the number of cells evacuated with the culture medium of the tank is equal to the number of cells obtained by multiplication in the culture medium in the tank.
- the concentration is stable.
- the bioreactor comprises a light source 200.
- the light source 200 is able to emit incident light L.
- the light L is typically chosen to cover the entire solar spectrum including blue light (preferably from 430 nm to 470 nm) and red (preferably 650 nm to 700 nm). These ranges of wavelengths allow a good growth rate of microalgae because they are strongly absorbed by them.
- the phenomena of optics, absorbance and photon metabolism in a bioreactor tank are detailed in the books Microalgal biotechnology: potential and production, C. Posten and C. Walter, of Gruyter, 2012 and Handbook of Microalgal Culture: Applied Phycology and Biotechnology, 2nd Edition, A. Richmond and Q. Hu, Wiley-Blackwell, 2013.
- the cell concentration in the present invention is chosen so as to avoid problems related to a light gradient (self-shading phenomenon).
- the cell concentration x is between 0.01 g / L and 5.0 g / L.
- the concentration is about 0.1 g / L.
- An object of the present invention is to select and cultivate microalgae rich in substances of industrial interest.
- the Applicant proposes a new selection process based on the induction of heat stress on microalgae.
- the Applicant has discovered, not without surprise, that in a culture system, a particular scheme of successive temperature phases makes it possible to select and / or modify microalgae suitable for industrial exploitation.
- the system of the invention can be controlled continuously or semi-continuously typefed-batch.
- microalgae Some species of microalgae are able to adapt to temperatures that do not correspond to the temperatures of their natural environment. Microalgae exposed to temperatures lower and / or higher than their optimum growth temperature can acclimate by increasing their storage capacity of certain metabolites. For example, some microalgae cells increase their polar lipid storage capacity rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids such as docosahéxanoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) in response to thermal stresses. These are products of great industrial interest.
- DHA docosahéxanoic acid
- EPA eicosapentaenoic acid
- thermal specialists thermal specialists
- thermal generalists cf. Evolution in changing environments, Levins, Princeton University Press Princeton NJ, 1968, 2 (2), 120; and Hotter is better and broader: thermal sensitivity of a population of bacteriophages, Knies et al., The American Naturalist, 2009, 173 (4), 419-430.
- Thermal microorganisms have a narrow thermal niche and a high growth rate.
- Thermal micro-organisms have a large thermal niche and a low growth rate.
- An object of the invention is therefore to generate new microalgae strains which have an increased content of products of industrial interest (enzymes, proteins, etc.).
- the invention makes it possible to obtain important biomasses of this precious microalgae cell.
- Thermal stress results in cell death or, where appropriate, adaptation of microalgae cells. This adaptation is reflected in particular by genetic mutations within microalgae cells. In other words, natural genetic mutations induced by heat stress lead to genetic adaptation mechanisms. Genetic mutations are likely to be transmitted from a cell to its descendants, and thus to be transmitted from generation to generation.
- a genetic mutation can, for example, result in the increase of lipids or membrane proteins in microalgae cells. It can also lead to the accumulation of metabolites within the cells. In this way, the microalgae become more resistant to temperature variations away from the optimal growth temperature.
- FIG. 2 shows a general flowchart of a selection method according to the invention.
- An EMP operation comprises providing a microalgae cell culture and a nutrient culture medium suitable for growing the selected crop.
- the operation comprises a sub-operation which consists in filling the tank 100 with the culture medium and inoculating this medium with the microalgae cells.
- a CYCLE 1 operation comprises a microalgae growth phase under optimal growing conditions.
- the temperature T ° C is set to an optimum growth value V ⁇ .
- the optimum value of growth V ⁇ varies according to the species of microalgae.
- the operation CYCLE 1 is followed by a CYCLE 2 operation of the invention.
- the CYCLE 2 operation comprises a first phase C2I in which the temperature is set to a first low reference value VCBI.
- the low VCBI setpoint is chosen to respond to colder temperature conditions than optimal growth temperature conditions (VCBI ⁇ V ⁇ ). Thus, the low set point induces a thermal stress on microalgae.
- the CYCLE 2 operation comprises a second phase C2I I in which the temperature is set to a first high setpoint value Vcm.
- the high setpoint Vcm is chosen to respond to warmer temperature conditions than optimum growth temperature conditions (Vcm> V ⁇ ). Thus, the high setpoint induces a thermal stress on microalgae.
- the succession of the first and second phases can be repeated seven times, for example.
- the CYCLE 2 operation can last for 7 days.
- Figure 3 shows the change in temperature during CYCLE 2 as a function of time over a period of 24 hours.
- the CYCLE 2 operation is followed by an MES operation for measuring the specific growth rate ⁇ of the microalgae. If ⁇ is less than or equal to zero, CYCLE 2 is repeated; if ⁇ is greater than zero a subsequent operation CYCLE 3 is engaged.
- the CYCLE 3 operation comprises a first phase C3I in which the temperature is set to a second low setpoint value VCB2.
- the low set point VCB2 is chosen to respond to colder temperature conditions than the first low setpoint in CYCLE 2 operation (VCB2 ⁇ VCBI).
- the second low setpoint induces a thermal stress on microalgae.
- the CYCLE 3 operation comprises a second phase C3I I in which the temperature is set to a second high setpoint value VCH2.
- the second high setpoint value VCH2 is chosen to respond to warmer temperature conditions than the first high setpoint in CYCLE 2 operation (VCH2> Vcm).
- the high setpoint induces a thermal stress on microalgae.
- the succession of the first and second phases can be repeated seven times, for example.
- the operation CYCLE 3 can last between 7 days.
- Figure 4 shows the evolution of the temperature during the CYCLE 3 operation as a function of time over a period of 24 hours.
- the CYCLE 3 operation may be followed by a new operation for measuring the specific growth rate ⁇ of the microalgae. If ⁇ is less than or equal to zero, the CYCLE 3 operation can be repeated; if ⁇ is greater than zero, a subsequent CYCLE 4 operation can be initiated. The CYCLE 4 operation then has low and high setpoint values respectively lower and higher than the values set in the CYCLE 3 operation. This will induce thermal stress on the microalgae cells. EXAMPLE OF REALIZATION
- the bioreactor of the present embodiment comprises a vessel 100 with a culture medium.
- the culture medium comprises a dispersion of a cell culture of photosynthetic microorganisms.
- the cell culture of selected starting photosynthetic microorganisms is the microalgae strain Tisochrisis lutea CCAP 927/17. In the remainder of the present description, this strain is called W2X.
- the initial W2X strain has a good triglyceride productivity, cf. Bougaran et al. Enhancement of neutral lipid productivity in the microalga Isochrysis affinity Galbana (T-lso) by a mutation-selection procedure, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2012, 109 (11), 2737-45 and Carrier et al. Tisochrysis lutea provides insights into the genetic basis, lipid metabolism and life cycle, PLoS ONE, 2014, 9 (1).
- the tank has a volume capacity of 1.9 L.
- the culture medium is of f / 2 type, cf.
- the vat 100 further comprises means for mixing the culture medium. This is a magnetic stirrer and a blower (air pump type) capable of generating fine bubbles within the culture medium.
- the bioreactor comprises an inlet 102 and an outlet 104.
- the inlet 102 makes it possible to bring fresh culture medium into the tank 100.
- the outlet 104 makes it possible to evacuate culture medium and microalgae from the tank 100.
- input 102 and output 104 are associated with a controller.
- the controller makes it possible to control the tank 100 continuously during a working time. The working time varies according to the microalgae strains present in the culture medium.
- the working time preferably extends to at least 1 month (no upper limit of time) which generally corresponds to at least 20 generations of microalgae (that is to say 20 successive cell divisions). According to the invention, the working time is greater than the time required for a microalgae cell cycle (cell division). In the present embodiment, the working time is 260 days.
- the tank of the bioreactor is cleaned regularly (for example every month). The cleaning can be carried out using 70% ethanol followed by a washing of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and rinsing with fresh culture medium. during the cleaning of the tank, the culture medium comprising the cell culture is preserved under sterile conditions.
- HCl hydrochloric acid
- the bioreactor comprises a light source 200 which emits incident light L of an input light intensity I in sufficiently high to pass through the tank 100 filled with the culture medium comprising the microalgae dispersion.
- the light source 200 is capable of emitting an input light intensity I in which up to 5000 ⁇ quanta m "2 s " 1 can be emitted.
- the light source is arranged to emit a fixed intensity of 250 ⁇ quanta m "2 s " 1 .
- the light source 200 emits a constant value of input intensity I in during the working time.
- the light source comprises light-emitting diodes from Nichia Corporation NVSL219BT 2700 ° K.
- a controller 600 controls the tank 100 continuously at a dilution ratio D.
- the controller 600 comprises one or more light sensors 300 such as photocells for measuring the optical density of the culture medium / microalgae assembly. within the vessel 100. in this manner the controller 600 can maintain the concentration of cell culture 3 ⁇ 4 ⁇ in the culture medium at a chosen value, for example about 1.0 g / L, during the working time.
- the controller is arranged to adapt the dilution ratio D by supplying and evacuating the culture medium.
- a concentration of about 1.0 g / L allows a good diffusion of light within the tank 100.
- the bioreactor comprises a light sensor 300 from Skye Instruments SKL2620.
- the selection protocol of the invention is conducted in a continuous feed-type bioreactor.
- Turbidity is kept constant at about 9 x 10 5 cells / ml. This is achieved by continuous measurement at 800 nm by the sensor 300 and control by dilution adjustment by the controller 600. Reference is made here to the selection mode "SFturb".
- the selection protocol of the invention is conducted in a fed-batch type bioreactor. Dilution with fresh culture medium is performed every seven days; 5% to 10% of the culture medium / microalgal cell mixture is stored before dilution. The initial cell concentration after dilution is therefore about 5 x 10 5 cells / L.
- the bioreactor further comprises a temperature controller 500 able to increase and lower the temperature of said culture medium in the tank.
- the regulator comprises a cooling / heating system produced by means of a double-water jacket arranged around the perimeter of the tank 100.
- the bioreactor comprises a temperature probe 400 for measuring the temperature of said culture medium in the tank .
- the bioreactor further comprises a control 700 of the temperature controller 500 arranged to adjust, for a first time, the temperature of the culture medium to a low set point VCB, and during a second time the temperature of the culture medium to a value high setpoint VCH, the succession of said first and second time to induce cellular stress in at least some of said photosynthetic microorganisms during working time.
- the control 700 comprises a thermostat of the Lauda Brinkmann company of the Proline RP 845 type.
- the setting of the temperature in order to reach the high and low setpoint temperatures can be achieved in different ways by the control.
- the decrease and / or the increase in temperature can in particular be carried out linearly, exponentially, or in steps.
- the average temperature T M of the culture medium (and thus received by microalgae cell) is kept constant during the working time. This is radically different from prior art approaches which aim to gradually increase the average temperature received per cell.
- the control 700 is arranged to respond to the average temperature condition during the following working time:
- the amplitude (or deviation) between the low and high setpoint values is increased from cycle to cycle (or from working time to working time).
- This selection protocol provides cycles of temperature variation every 24 hours.
- the optimum growth temperature T opt (temperature value V ⁇ ) for strain W2X (Tisochrisisis lutea CCAP 927/17) is equal to 28 ° C.
- Each cycle (working time) comprises a first time for which the temperature of the culture medium is set to a temperature T
- Each cycle (working time) further comprises a second time for which the temperature of the culture medium is set to a Thigh temperature hotter than the optimum growth temperature. The control adjusts the temperature to the high setpoint VCH. In the present embodiment the second time is 16 hours.
- the succession of said first and second times makes it possible to induce cellular stress in at least some of said cells of the W2X strain.
- the low setpoint VCB (TI 0W ) is 26 ° C.
- the high setpoint VCH (Thigh) is equal to 29 ° C.
- microalgae are exposed for 8 hours at 26 ° C, followed by 16 hours at 29 ° C.
- the average temperature received by microalgae in 24 hours is equal to 28 ° C (T op t).
- 1 selection cycle is repeated for 7 days. After 7 days, the growth rate ⁇ is determined. If ⁇ is lower than or equal to zero, the temperature conditions of 1 cycle of selection are repeated identically; If ⁇ is greater than zero, 2 nd selection round is engaged.
- the low set point value (VCB 0W TI) is equal to 24 ° C.
- the high setpoint VCH (Thigh) is equal to 30 ° C.
- microalgae are exposed for 8 hours at 24 ° C, followed by 16 hours at 30 ° C.
- the average temperature received by microalgae in 24 hours is equal to 28 ° C (T op t).
- the 2nd selection cycle is repeated for 7 days. After 7 days, the growth rate ⁇ is determined. If ⁇ is lower than or equal to zero, the temperature conditions of the 2nd round of selection are repeated; If ⁇ is greater than zero, a 3 rd selection cycle is engaged.
- Each subsequent cycle (or working time) decreases, on the one hand, the low VCB (Tiow) setpoint from 0.5 ° C to 1 ° C, and increases, on the other hand, the high setpoint VCH (Thigh) from 0.25 ° C to 0.5 ° C, while the first and second times remain the same (respectively 8 hours and 16 hours).
- the temperature conditions are increasingly extreme from one working time to another.
- the low reference value VCB (TI 0W ) can for example reach 12 ° C
- the high setpoint value VCH (Thigh) can for example reach 36 ° C.
- the selection is more and more strict by increasing the number of successive working hours.
- the 24 hour working time is reiterated 259 times (total of 260 days).
- the first and second time are changed.
- the first beat is set at 6 o'clock and the second beat is set at 12 o'clock. It is then expected a third time during which the temperature is maintained equal to the optimum growth value (V ⁇ ).
- V ⁇ the optimum growth value
- the average temperature received by microalgae remains constant over 24 hours.
- a selection cycle in which: the temperature T
- the temperature T op t at the optimum growth value V ⁇ equal to 28 ° C. is maintained for a third time equal to 6 hours.
- the average temperature received per microalgae cell in 24 hours is then equal to
- FIG. 5 shows the growth rate per day (j _1 ) relative to the temperature (° C) of the initial strain W2X and of the W2X strains that have been subjected to the selection protocol of the invention, namely respectively W2XSTurb (for the strain W2X selected in the continuous bioreactor) and W2XSFb (for the strain W2X selected in the fed-batch bioreactor).
- Figure 5 shows that the thermal niche of the adapted strains W2XSTurb and W2XSFb is increased compared to the initial strain W2X.
- Extreme temperatures, namely the minimum temperatures T m in of growth and the maximum temperatures T ma x of The growth rates for each strain were calculated according to the model proposed in Bernard & Émond, Bioresource Technology, 2012, 123, 520-7.
- FIG. 6 shows a comparative diagram between the initial strain W2X and the strains modified by the process of the invention W2XSFb and W2XSTurb.
- the strains generated according to the invention have an increased growth rate relative to the initial strain W2X.
- Figure 7 shows a comparative diagram of strains W2X, W2XSFb and W2XSTurb between the minimum temperatures T m in growth, the maximum temperatures T ma x growth, the optimum temperature T opt of growth and the thermal niches.
- Figures 5 and 6 show that the growth rates of the adapted strains W2XSTurb and W2XSFb are higher than the growth rate of the initial strain W2X.
- Figure 7 shows that the thermal niches of the adapted strains W2XSTurb and W2XSFb are wider than the thermal niche of the initial strain W2X.
- Figures 5 to 7 demonstrate that microalgae modified by the selection method of the invention have a high growth rate and an enlarged niche.
- Figure 8 shows a comprative diagram of the total lipid content present in a wild-type strain Tisochrisis lutea, namely the strain CCAP 927/14 (see Bougaran et al., Enhancement of neutral lipid productivity in the microalga Isochrysis affinis Galbana (T-Iso) by a mutation-selection procedure, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2012, 109 (11), 2737-45), in the initial strain W2X, in the strain W2XSFb and in the strain W2XSTurb.
- Strains modified by the method of the invention W2XSFb and W2XSTurb have lipid levels of lipids per ⁇ g of algae carbon increased relative to the wild-type strain and to the initial W2X strain.
- Table 1 Comparison between the fatty acid compositions of the adapted W2XSFb and W2XSTurb strains and the initial fatty acid composition in the W2X strain.
- the modification of the strain W2X by the bioreactor of the invention results in modified strains of W2X (here W2XSFb and W2XSTurb) having a thermal niche increased by several degrees Celsius (here up to 3 ° C).
- the W2X strains modified according to the invention also have an increased level of fatty acids relative to the initial strain W2X (especially in DHA).
- the growth rate of modified W2X strains according to the invention is increased compared to the initial W2X strain.
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Abstract
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Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1658863A FR3056225B1 (fr) | 2016-09-21 | 2016-09-21 | Bioreacteur pour la selection de microalgues |
| PCT/FR2017/052510 WO2018055282A1 (fr) | 2016-09-21 | 2017-09-19 | Bioreacteur pour la selection de microalgues |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| EP3516036A1 true EP3516036A1 (fr) | 2019-07-31 |
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| EP17783917.2A Pending EP3516036A1 (fr) | 2016-09-21 | 2017-09-19 | Bioreacteur pour la selection de microalgues |
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| US (1) | US11427796B2 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3516036A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP7062672B2 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3056225B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2018055282A1 (fr) |
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| FR3049616B1 (fr) * | 2016-04-04 | 2020-09-25 | Inria Inst Nat Rech Informatique & Automatique | Bioreacteur selectif pour microalgues |
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| FR2686619B1 (fr) * | 1992-01-28 | 1995-07-13 | Commissariat Energie Atomique | Procede de production selective de lipides poly-insatures a partir d'une culture de micro-algues du type porphyridium et cuve utilisee dans ce procede. |
| WO2009018498A2 (fr) * | 2007-08-01 | 2009-02-05 | Bionavitas, Inc. | Systèmes, dispositifs d'éclairage et procédés de production de biomasse |
| US20100077654A1 (en) * | 2008-09-23 | 2010-04-01 | LiveFuels, Inc. | Systems and methods for producing biofuels from algae |
| JP2010246473A (ja) * | 2009-04-16 | 2010-11-04 | Sharp Corp | 微細藻類の培養方法および微細藻類用培養装置 |
| WO2011035042A2 (fr) * | 2009-09-16 | 2011-03-24 | Rosen Barry H | Production de lipides améliorée à partir d'algues |
| WO2011154886A1 (fr) * | 2010-06-07 | 2011-12-15 | Jean-Louis Roux Dit Buisson | Photobioréacteur à flux continu ou semi-continu et procédé d'utilisation |
| NL2007132C2 (en) | 2011-07-18 | 2013-01-21 | Univ Delft Tech | Method for biological storage polymer production. |
| MX375143B (es) | 2012-12-06 | 2025-03-06 | Synthetic Genomics Inc | Mutantes de alga que tienen un fenotipo aclimatado a alta luz bloqueado. |
| WO2014130362A1 (fr) * | 2013-02-25 | 2014-08-28 | Heliae Development, Llc | Systèmes et procédés pour optimisation continue d'un profil de culture de micro-organismes |
| ES2842350T3 (es) * | 2013-03-19 | 2021-07-13 | Cmc Biologics As | Un procedimiento para la producción de un producto (por ejemplo, polipéptido) en un proceso de fermentación de cultivo celular continuo |
| JPWO2015121987A1 (ja) * | 2014-02-14 | 2017-03-30 | 栗田工業株式会社 | 微細藻類の培養状態の判断方法及び微細藻類の培養方法 |
| JP2017507662A (ja) * | 2014-03-18 | 2017-03-23 | ロケット フレールRoquette Freres | 微細藻バイオマスの熱透過処理のための方法 |
| JP6135599B2 (ja) * | 2014-05-19 | 2017-05-31 | 横河電機株式会社 | 細胞培養制御システム及び細胞培養制御方法 |
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- 2017-09-19 JP JP2019537893A patent/JP7062672B2/ja active Active
- 2017-09-19 EP EP17783917.2A patent/EP3516036A1/fr active Pending
- 2017-09-19 WO PCT/FR2017/052510 patent/WO2018055282A1/fr not_active Ceased
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JP2019528791A (ja) | 2019-10-17 |
| US20190284516A1 (en) | 2019-09-19 |
| FR3056225B1 (fr) | 2021-02-12 |
| FR3056225A1 (fr) | 2018-03-23 |
| WO2018055282A1 (fr) | 2018-03-29 |
| US11427796B2 (en) | 2022-08-30 |
| JP7062672B2 (ja) | 2022-05-06 |
| WO2018055282A4 (fr) | 2018-05-17 |
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