EP3515637A1 - Dispositif pour solliciter une zone de travail avec un rayonnement laser, en particulier un dispositif d'impression 3d - Google Patents

Dispositif pour solliciter une zone de travail avec un rayonnement laser, en particulier un dispositif d'impression 3d

Info

Publication number
EP3515637A1
EP3515637A1 EP17769054.2A EP17769054A EP3515637A1 EP 3515637 A1 EP3515637 A1 EP 3515637A1 EP 17769054 A EP17769054 A EP 17769054A EP 3515637 A1 EP3515637 A1 EP 3515637A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
line
printing device
laser radiation
intensity distribution
printing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP17769054.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Vitalij Lissotschenko
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Lilas GmbH
Original Assignee
Lilas GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Lilas GmbH filed Critical Lilas GmbH
Publication of EP3515637A1 publication Critical patent/EP3515637A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0004—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed
    • G02B19/0009—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed having refractive surfaces only
    • G02B19/0014—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the optical means employed having refractive surfaces only at least one surface having optical power
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
    • B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
    • B22F10/30—Process control
    • B22F10/36—Process control of energy beam parameters
    • B22F10/362—Process control of energy beam parameters for preheating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/41—Radiation means characterised by the type, e.g. laser or electron beam
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/44—Radiation means characterised by the configuration of the radiation means
    • B22F12/45—Two or more
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/0604—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams
    • B23K26/0608—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams in the same heat affected zone [HAZ]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
    • B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
    • B23K26/073—Shaping the laser spot
    • B23K26/0738—Shaping the laser spot into a linear shape
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
    • B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
    • B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
    • B23K26/342—Build-up welding
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
    • B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/264—Arrangements for irradiation
    • B29C64/268—Arrangements for irradiation using laser beams; using electron beams [EB]
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B19/00—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics
    • G02B19/0033—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use
    • G02B19/0047—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source
    • G02B19/0052—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source the light source comprising a laser diode
    • G02B19/0057—Condensers, e.g. light collectors or similar non-imaging optics characterised by the use for use with a light source the light source comprising a laser diode in the form of a laser diode array, e.g. laser diode bar
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0927—Systems for changing the beam intensity distribution, e.g. Gaussian to top-hat
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
    • B22F12/40—Radiation means
    • B22F12/49—Scanners
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0911—Anamorphotic systems
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/09—Beam shaping, e.g. changing the cross-sectional area, not otherwise provided for
    • G02B27/0916—Adapting the beam shape of a semiconductor light source such as a laser diode or an LED, e.g. for efficiently coupling into optical fibers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
    • Y02P10/25—Process efficiency

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for
  • an SD printing device for the production of a spatially extended product
  • a 3D printing process for the production of a spatially extended product.
  • conventional 3D printing devices for example, by means of a laser beam punctiform a powdered starting material is applied with such an amount of energy that a process, such as melting or sintering of the starting material is initiated at the beaufschlag place, this process to a compound of Grains of the
  • Laser beam over the work area is thereby produced layer by layer the product to be produced.
  • the punctiform laser beam at a high speed for example, 500 mm / s is performed over the work area.
  • Heat transfer time at each point of the work surface is very small.
  • high-power fiber lasers are used for SD printing, for example. These are very expensive on the one hand.
  • the high-power fiber lasers are used for SD printing, for example. These are very expensive on the one hand.
  • the high-power fiber lasers are used for SD printing, for example.
  • the problem underlying the present invention is the provision of a device which effectively serves to act on a working area with laser radiation, in particular as an SD printing device or as a cutting device or as
  • the subclaims relate to preferred embodiments of the invention.
  • the device for acting on a work area with laser radiation comprises:
  • Scanning means which allow a relative movement of the working area relative to the laser radiation and / or the laser radiation relative to the work area, - Optical means for beam shaping of the emanating from the laser light sources laser radiation such that arise during operation of the SD printing device in the work area at least two line-shaped intensity distributions, wherein the
  • Laser light sources and / or the optical means are formed so that the at least two line-shaped intensity distributions are superimposed in the working area at least in sections.
  • Such a device can be used not only as an SD printing device but also, for example, as a cutting device or labeling device.
  • the at least two line-shaped intensity distributions intersect at an angle not equal to 0 ° and not equal to 180 °, in particular at an angle between 30 ° and 150 °, preferably at an angle between 60 ° and 120 °, for example at an angle of 90 °.
  • the scanning means and / or the optical means are formed so that the relative movement between the at least two line-shaped intensity distributions and the working area in the longitudinal direction of one of the two
  • Intensity distributions takes place.
  • an SD pressure can be carried out with regard to the first line-shaped intensity distribution.
  • the resolution is in
  • the resolution also in the longitudinal direction of the first line-shaped intensity distribution for example, 20 ⁇ can be up to 50 ⁇ .
  • the leading and trailing sections of the first intensity distribution can preheat or post-anneal.
  • the at least two line-shaped intensity distributions overlap one another in the line longitudinal direction, wherein a maximum intensity can be switched on and / or off by changing the position of the linear intensity distributions relative to each other. So it can locally be significantly increased intensity, for example, the
  • the laser light sources may each be referred to as
  • Semiconductor laser in particular as a laser diode bar, be formed, wherein the line longitudinal direction of each of the linear intensity distributions of the slow axis and the line transverse direction of the fast axis corresponds.
  • the apparatus may each comprise preheating means which
  • At least one laser light source wherein the preheating the with the at least two line-shaped
  • Intensity distributions to be acted upon working area, in particular to be acted upon starting material can preheat, wherein an intensity distribution generated by the at least one laser light source for preheating is preferably structured, in particular by superposition of several, in particular line-shaped, intensity distributions.
  • Intensity distributions across the work area can be easily made in two mutually perpendicular directions, namely in the longitudinal direction the first line-shaped intensity distribution and in the longitudinal direction of the second line-shaped intensity distribution.
  • Intensity distributions are formed.
  • a layer of the product to be produced by means of the 3D printing device can be completed in a movement of the plurality of juxtaposed intensity distributions over the working area.
  • the width of the at least two line-shaped intensity distributions in the line transverse direction is between 10 ⁇ and 100 ⁇ , preferably between 20 ⁇ and 50 ⁇ , and / or that the length of the at least two linear
  • Intensity distributions in the line longitudinal direction between 0.5 mm and 1000 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 300 mm.
  • the 3D printing device comprises a first 3D printing device and a second 3D printing device, wherein the second 3D printing device
  • a device according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein the two 3D printing devices each comprise at least one laser light source and optical means for beam shaping emanating from the at least one laser light source
  • the first 3D printing device can be used internally if coarser or less changing structures are to be created. If then finer
  • the second SD printing device may be used, which may be in particular a device according to one of claims 1 to 8.
  • first and the second SD printing device can be mounted in a common frame, which is movable relative to the working area.
  • the 3D printing apparatus comprises:
  • a working area which is or can be supplied with starting material for 3D printing to be loaded with laser radiation, the working area being arranged in the 3D printing device such that the laser radiation impinges on the working area,
  • Scanning means which allow a relative movement of the working area relative to the laser radiation and / or the laser radiation relative to the working area
  • the scanning means and / or the optical means are formed so that the relative movement between the at least one line-shaped intensity distribution and the working area in the transverse direction of the at least one
  • the laser light sources can each be used as semiconductor lasers,
  • Line transverse direction are chosen comparatively large
  • the device according to claim 11 can always be used when coarser or little changing structures are to be produced. If then finer structures are to be generated, the device according to a of claims 1 to 8 are used.
  • An SD printing device according to the invention can thus be both a 3D printing device according to one of claims 11 to 15 and a device according to one of claims 1 to 8 and / or a 3D printing device according to any one of claims 16 to 24 include. Depending on the structure to be generated then one or the other
  • the devices can, for example, in one
  • Work area is movable.
  • the at least one line-shaped intensity distribution is structured in the line transverse direction
  • the 3D printing apparatus comprises:
  • At least one laser light source from which a laser radiation
  • a working area which is or can be supplied with starting material for 3D printing which is to be exposed to laser radiation, the working area being arranged in the 3D printing apparatus such that the laser radiation impinges on the working area, Scanning means which allow a relative movement of the working area relative to the laser radiation and / or the laser radiation relative to the working area,
  • Laser light source emitting laser radiation such that in
  • At least one line-shaped intensity distribution is formed, wherein the scanning means and / or the optical means are formed so that the relative movement between the at least one line-shaped intensity distribution and the working area in the line longitudinal direction of the at least one linear intensity distribution
  • the at least one laser light source may be formed as a semiconductor laser, in particular as a laser diode bar, wherein the line longitudinal direction of the at least one linear
  • Intensity distribution of the slow axis and the line transverse direction of the fast axis corresponds.
  • line transverse direction can be achieved by simple means a small width of the intensity distribution, because the laser radiation in the fast-axis direction in a known manner is very well focused.
  • the customary for 3D printing process dimensions of 20 ⁇ to 50 ⁇ are easily accessible in the line transverse direction.
  • by the movement in the longitudinal direction of the line is very well focused.
  • Intensity distribution in the line longitudinal direction may have a significantly greater extent than in the line transverse direction. This allows you to work with less powerful laser light sources.
  • a corresponding semiconductor laser for example a corresponding laser diode bar, is comparatively inexpensive. Continue by the lower laser power and unwanted evaporation of the starting material avoided.
  • Intensity distribution can also be achieved by preheating or subsequent tempering or annealing.
  • the line-shaped intensity distribution in the line longitudinal direction can be structured.
  • the 3D printing device comprises more than one laser light source.
  • the 3D printing device comprises more than one laser light source.
  • Laser light sources and / or the optical means be designed so that in operation of the 3D printing device in the working plane several linear intensity distributions arise, which are arranged in particular parallel to each other and spaced in the line transverse direction to each other. In this way can be connected to several in
  • Line transverse direction spaced locations simultaneously a 3D printing process can be performed.
  • the laser radiation does not enter the work area. In this way, a layer of the product to be produced can be created in a comparatively short time.
  • Polarization coupling agent and / or wavelength coupling agent In this way, the intensity of each linear Intensity distribution can be increased.
  • a structuring of the linear intensity distribution in the line longitudinal direction can also be achieved by a suitable superposition.
  • the 3D printing device comprises: - at least one laser light source, from which a laser radiation
  • a working area which is or can be supplied with starting material for 3D printing which is to be exposed to laser radiation, the working area being arranged in the 3D printing apparatus such that the laser radiation impinges on the working area,
  • Scanning means which allow a relative movement of the working area relative to the laser radiation and / or the laser radiation relative to the working area, optical means for beam shaping of the at least one of
  • Laser light source emitting laser radiation such that in operation of the 3D printing device in the work area
  • At least one intensity distribution with a rectangular, preferably a square, outline is formed, wherein in particular a plurality of these intensity distributions with rectangular, preferably square, outline are arranged side by side such that a linear
  • the line longitudinal direction corresponds to the direction in which the individual
  • Intensity distributions are arranged side by side.
  • the square shape of the focus areas of the intensity distributions can be achieved by suitable beam shaping of individual laser beams become. By square focus areas can be a better
  • Homogeneity of the product to be produced with the 3D printing can be achieved as with circular focus areas.
  • the square focus areas each have a side length of, for example, 40 ⁇ m, so that a 3D printing with a resolution of 600 dpi can take place.
  • Intensity distribution is preferably structured, in particular by superposition of several, in particular linear,
  • control means which comprise the at least one laser light source and / or the
  • Optics and / or the scanning means controls that the
  • Laser radiation is applied to produce the desired spatially extended product.
  • the 3D printing process for the production of a spatially extended product is as follows
  • Laser radiation is generated by at least one laser light source.
  • the laser radiation impinges on optical means which form the laser radiation in such a way that at least one line-shaped intensity distribution of the laser radiation is created.
  • the starting material supplied to the working area is combined with the at least one linear intensity distribution of the
  • the working area is relative to the laser radiation or the
  • Laser radiation is moved relative to the working area, wherein the relative movement between the at least one line-shaped intensity distribution and the working area in the line longitudinal direction of the at least one line-shaped intensity distribution
  • Starting material is preheated, in particular with at least one laser radiation.
  • the spatially expanded product can be generated in layers by multiple feeding of the starting material and multiple application of the at least one linear intensity distribution of the laser radiation.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of an intensity distribution of a 3D printing apparatus according to the invention in a work area
  • FIG. a schematic representation of the structure of the intensity distribution of Figure 1a, wherein the cross section of the intensity distribution is schematically indicated in two mutually perpendicular directions.
  • Fig. 1c is a schematic representation of another
  • Fig. 6 is a schematic representation of the structure of
  • Fig. 7a is a schematic representation of others
  • Fig. 7b is a detail of Fig.7a
  • FIG. 7c a schematic representation of a cross section through one of the intensity distributions according to FIG. 7a;
  • Fig. 8a is a schematic representation of others
  • FIG. 8b shows a detail of FIG.
  • FIG. 8c is a schematic representation of a cross section through one of the intensity distributions according to FIG. Fig. 9a is a schematic representation of others
  • FIG. 9b shows a schematic representation of a cross section through one of the intensity distributions according to FIG. 9a;
  • FIG. Fig. 10a is a schematic representation of others
  • FIG. 10b shows a detail of FIG. 10a
  • 10c is a schematic representation of a cross section through one of the intensity distributions according to FIG. 10a;
  • Fig. 11a is a schematic representation of others
  • FIG. 11b is a detail of Fig. 11a;
  • Fig. 12a is a schematic representation of two others
  • Fig. 12b is a schematic representation of the two
  • Overlapping is indicated in one direction
  • Fig. 13a is a schematic representation of another
  • Fig. 13b is a schematic representation of the cross section of
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic representation of another
  • Fig. 1a is a first line-shaped intensity distribution.
  • Line longitudinal direction has a length I.
  • the width b can be between 10 ⁇ and 100 ⁇ , preferably between 20 ⁇ and 50 ⁇ , whereas the length I between 0.5 mm and 1000 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 300 mm may be.
  • Intensity distribution 1 a semiconductor laser, in particular a laser diode bar, are used, wherein the line longitudinal direction of the linear intensity distribution 1 of the slow axis and the
  • Line transverse direction of the fast axis corresponds.
  • Suitable optical means for beam shaping the light of laser diode bars are known.
  • a cylindrical lens for collimation in the fast axis and a cylindrical lens array for collimation in the slow axis can be used.
  • Intensity distribution 1 in the line longitudinal direction has a significantly greater extent than in the line transverse direction.
  • the modulation for targeted production in the longitudinal direction of the line can be done, for example, by selective switching on and off of individual or all emitters of the laser diode bar.
  • FIG. 1b illustrates a possible structure of the intensity distribution 1.
  • this has a narrow width with a sharp maximum 1a and a top hat profile 1b in the longitudinal or slow-axis direction.
  • the first line-shaped intensity distribution 1 can consist of several
  • Laser radiation be composed.
  • a structuring in the line longitudinal direction of the intensity distribution 1 can thereby be achieved.
  • 1c illustrates such a structure in which the intensity distribution 1 'in the line longitudinal direction has a maximum 1c' which has a greater intensity than the top hat profile 1b 'arranged in front of and behind this maximum 1c' in the longitudinal direction of the line.
  • this intensity profile 1 ' has a small width in the transverse direction or fast-axis direction with a sharp maximum 1a'.
  • Fig. 2 shows an embodiment in which a plurality of
  • the intensity distributions 1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e can be generated by a suitable number of different laser light sources.
  • Their laser radiation can be shaped for example by optical means and / or by polarization coupling means and / or
  • Wavelength coupling means are superimposed.
  • Fig. 3 shows a line-shaped intensity distribution 4, the in
  • This line-shaped intensity distribution 4 may have a width b between 0.1 mm and 10 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 2 mm and a length I between 10 mm and 10000 mm, preferably between 100 mm and 5000 mm.
  • Line transverse direction have a structured profile, which is exemplified in Figure 4.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates an embodiment of an intensity distribution 7 in which, in addition to a first line-shaped intensity distribution 8, a second second one arranged at an angle ⁇ with respect thereto
  • Intensity distributions 8, 9 cross each other in the work area.
  • the angle ⁇ is 90 ° in the illustrated embodiment, but may also be larger or smaller.
  • top hat profile 7a with a sharp maximum 7b As well as in the longitudinal or slow-axis direction a top hat profile 7c with a sharp maximum 7d.
  • Fig. 5 further indicates that the intensity distributions 8, 9 do not necessarily have to cross in the middle. Rather, for example, the second intensity distribution 9 in the longitudinal direction of the first
  • Intensity distribution 8 further back (see 9 ') or further forward (see 9 ") may be arranged.
  • arrow 2 in Figure 5 and Fig.6 is indicated that a
  • Intensity distribution 8 takes place. Alternatively or additionally, however, can also be a relative movement between the common
  • Intensity distribution 7 and the work area in the longitudinal direction of the second intensity distribution 9 take place.
  • the width be, b9 of each of the intensity distributions 8, 9, as in the embodiment of FIG. 1c to 1c between 10 ⁇ and 100 ⁇ , preferably between 20 ⁇ and 50 ⁇ amount, whereas the length between 0.5 mm and 1000 mm, preferably between 1 mm and 300 mm.
  • the laser light to be formed has single-mode field distributions in these transverse directions. These allow a very good focus, so that a high resolution can be achieved with a large depth of focus.
  • FIGS. 7a to 7c illustrate an embodiment of a
  • Intensity distribution 7 in which a plurality of mutually crossed intensity distributions 8, 9 are provided.
  • Intensity distribution 8 arranged side by side, without causing the juxtaposed first intensity distributions 8 are spaced from each other.
  • the center distance (pitch) of the first intensity distributions 8 thus corresponds to their width bs (see also FIG. 5).
  • the arrows 2 indicate that a relative movement between the common intensity distribution 7 and the working area in
  • a rectangular, in particular square, focal region 10 is formed (see the detailed view FIG. 7b), which effects the actual 3D printing process.
  • the square focus area 10 then has a side length of 40 ⁇ , so that a 3D printing can be done with a resolution of 600 dpi. It should be noted at this point that with quadratic focus areas 10 a better homogeneity of the product to be produced with 3D printing can be achieved than with one
  • Laser beams can be selectively switched on and off, so that the 3D printing pixels can also be specifically selected.
  • a complete layer of the spatially extended product to be generated can be created.
  • a comparatively extended intensity distribution 11 is moved over the working area.
  • the intensity distribution 11 moves in front of the intensity distribution 7 and strikes places to be acted on the work area in time in front of the intensity distribution 7.
  • the intensity distribution 11 thus serves to preheat the material to be processed.
  • the intensity distribution 11 is in the transverse direction of the first
  • Fig. 7c indicates that the one used for preheating
  • Intensity distribution 11 in the direction corresponding to the longitudinal direction of the first intensity distributions 8, may be structured. In particular, it may initially have a maximum 13 to which a sloping region 14 can follow.
  • the time profile of the preheating process can be suitably controlled.
  • FIGS. 8a to 8c differs from that according to FIGS. 7a to 7c in that in the embodiment depicted in FIGS. 8a to 8c, the intensity distribution 7 causing the actual 3D printing and that for
  • Preheating intensity distribution 11 overlap each other.
  • the intensity distribution 7 is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the first intensity distributions 8 in the second or rear half of the intensity distribution 11 (see FIG.
  • the intensity distribution 15 effecting the actual 3D printing and the intensity distribution 11 serving for preheating likewise overlap one another. Again, the actual 3D printing causing intensity distribution 15 in the longitudinal direction of the first
  • FIGS. 9a and 9b differs from that according to FIGS. 8a to 8c in that, in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 9a and 9b, the intensity distribution 15 effecting the actual 3D printing does not is generated by crossed intensity distributions, but by individual laser beams.
  • focus areas 10 provided with square cross-section. These focus areas 10 can be selectively switched on and off, so that thereby the 3D printing pixels can be selected specifically.
  • the square shape of the focus areas 10 can be achieved by suitable beam shaping of the individual laser beams. Also in the embodiment according to FIG. 9 a and FIG.
  • square focus areas 10 each have a side length of 40 ⁇ so that a 3D printing can be done with a resolution of 600 dpi.
  • the embodiment according to FIGS. 10a to 10c differs from that according to FIGS. 7a to 7c in that in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 10a to 10c, the embodiment shown in FIGS Preheating serving intensity distribution 11 is composed of a plurality of individual intensity distributions 16 together.
  • Laser beams can be individually switched on and off, so that for every pixel of the 3D printing to be controlled
  • the individual intensity distributions 16 can be generated by emitters of a laser diode bar (not shown).
  • the individual intensity distributions 16 are each formed linearly, the line longitudinal directions parallel to
  • Movement direction 12 of the intensity distribution 11 or parallel to the line longitudinal direction of the first intensity distributions 8 are aligned.
  • the intensity distributions 16 are in their
  • Transversely arranged side by side, without causing the juxtaposed intensity distributions 16 are spaced from each other.
  • the pitch of the intensity distributions 16 thus also corresponds to their width.
  • Fig. 10c indicates that in this embodiment the individual intensity distributions 16 may be structured in the direction corresponding to the longitudinal direction of the first intensity distributions 8. In particular, they can each have a maximum 13 at the beginning
  • FIGS. 11a and 11b differs from that according to FIGS. 10a to 10c only in that the line longitudinal directions of the individual intensity distributions 17 from which the intensity distribution 11 serving for preheating are distinguished is set together, are aligned perpendicular to the direction of movement 12 of the intensity distribution 11.
  • the intensity distributions 17 are likewise arranged next to one another in their transverse direction or in the direction of movement 12 of the intensity distribution 11, without the intensity distributions 17 arranged next to one another being at a distance from one another.
  • the pitch of the intensity distributions 17 thus also corresponds to their width.
  • the laser beams which generate the individual intensity distributions 17 can also be switched on and off individually, so that targeted preheating can take place for each pixel of the 3D printing to be controlled.
  • the individual intensity distributions 17 can also be emitters of a not shown
  • Fig. 12a shows two line-shaped intensity distributions 18, 19 which are superimposed on the end side in the longitudinal direction.
  • the superimposition of the intensity distributions 18, 19 can, for example, by a
  • Wavelength coupling or a polarization coupling or by different propagation angle Wavelength coupling or a polarization coupling or by different propagation angle
  • Propagation directions of the intensity distributions 18, 19 generating laser radiation can be achieved.
  • the intensity distributions 18, 19 can be generated, for example, by a laser diode or a laser diode bar, the longitudinal direction of the intensity distributions 18, 19 corresponding to the slow axis direction.
  • Fig. 12a the top hat profile 20, 21 of the two intensity distributions 18, 19 and schematically indicated by the overlapping resulting longer-stretched top hat profile 22.
  • the arrow 23 indicates that the two intensity distributions 18, 19 can be displaced relative to one another in the line longitudinal direction of the intensity distributions 18, 19.
  • FIG. 12a shows a first overlay state in which the flanks of the top hat profiles overlap at approximately half the height.
  • Fig. 12b shows a second superposition state in which the
  • FIG. 13a shows an intensity distribution 25 in which eight individual line-shaped intensity distributions 26 cross each other in the middle, the angles ⁇ between the longitudinal directions of adjacent line-shaped intensity distributions 26 being the same.
  • FIG. 13b schematically shows the intensity distribution along one of the line-shaped intensity distributions 26. It turns out that in the center a comparatively sharp intensity maximum 27 results, which is about eight times as large as the top hat plateau 28 adjoining the left and right.
  • FIG. 14 illustrates that, instead of eight individual line-shaped intensity distributions 26 crossing each other in the middle, six also exist line-level intensity distributions 26 can be used. Other numbers are possible.

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif pour solliciter une zone de travail avec un rayonnement laser, en particulier un dispositif d'impression 3D ou un dispositif de coupe ou un dispositif de marquage, ledit dispositif comprend au moins deux sources de lumière laser desquelles peut sortir dans chaque cas un rayonnement laser, une zone de travail qui est agencée de sorte que les rayonnements laser arrivent sur la zone de travail, des moyens de balayage qui permettent un déplacement relatif de la zone de travail relativement aux rayonnements laser et/ou des rayonnements laser relativement à la zone de travail, des moyens optiques pour la mise en forme des faisceaux des rayonnements laser qui sortent des sources de lumière laser, de manière que pendant le fonctionnement du dispositif d'impression 3D au moins deux répartitions d'intensité (8, 9) linéaires interviennent dans la zone de travail, les sources de lumière laser et/ou les moyens optiques sont conçus de sorte que les au moins deux répartitions d'intensité (8, 9) linéaires sont superposées au moins par endroits dans la zone de travail.
EP17769054.2A 2016-09-20 2017-09-18 Dispositif pour solliciter une zone de travail avec un rayonnement laser, en particulier un dispositif d'impression 3d Withdrawn EP3515637A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016117665 2016-09-20
DE102016121547.3A DE102016121547A1 (de) 2016-09-20 2016-11-10 Vorrichtung zur Beaufschlagung eines Arbeitsbereichs mit Laserstrahlung, insbesondere 3D-Druck-Vorrichtung
PCT/EP2017/073444 WO2018054824A1 (fr) 2016-09-20 2017-09-18 Dispositif pour solliciter une zone de travail avec un rayonnement laser, en particulier un dispositif d'impression 3d

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EP3515637A1 true EP3515637A1 (fr) 2019-07-31

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