EP3510607B1 - Core for an electrical induction device - Google Patents

Core for an electrical induction device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3510607B1
EP3510607B1 EP17791956.0A EP17791956A EP3510607B1 EP 3510607 B1 EP3510607 B1 EP 3510607B1 EP 17791956 A EP17791956 A EP 17791956A EP 3510607 B1 EP3510607 B1 EP 3510607B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
core
spacers
yoke
metal sheets
sheets
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17791956.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3510607A1 (en
Inventor
Jörg FINDEISEN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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Siemens AG
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Publication of EP3510607A1 publication Critical patent/EP3510607A1/en
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Publication of EP3510607B1 publication Critical patent/EP3510607B1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H01F27/245—Magnetic cores made from sheets, e.g. grain-oriented
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H01F27/26—Fastening parts of the core together; Fastening or mounting the core on casing or support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H01F27/26—Fastening parts of the core together; Fastening or mounting the core on casing or support
    • H01F27/263—Fastening parts of the core together
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/24—Magnetic cores
    • H01F27/26—Fastening parts of the core together; Fastening or mounting the core on casing or support
    • H01F27/266—Fastening or mounting the core on casing or support
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F3/00—Cores, Yokes, or armatures
    • H01F3/02—Cores, Yokes, or armatures made from sheets

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a core for an electrical induction device with a plurality of magnetizable metal sheets which abut one another to form a sheet stack, spacers arranged between two metal sheets forming at least one cooling channel, and the spacers being at least partially made of metal.
  • the U.S. 3,183,461 A relates to a core for an electrical induction device with a multiplicity of magnetizable metal sheets which rest against one another to form a sheet metal stack. Spacers that form a cooling channel are arranged between two metal sheets. The spacers consist at least partially of metal.
  • the JP S 55 156312 A also relates to a core of a transformer, which consists of a multiplicity of magnetizable metal sheets which bear against one another to form a sheet metal stack.
  • a spacer is arranged between two metal sheets, which spacer also forms a cooling channel, the spacer being at least partially made of metal.
  • a generic core is used in electrical induction devices such as transformers or chokes.
  • the core has a large number of flat magnetizable metal sheets, which rest against one another with their flat sides, forming a sheet stack.
  • Spacers can be arranged between two metal sheets which, together with the two metal sheets between which they are arranged, delimit cooling channels. These cooling channels allow the removal of any that arises in the core Heat loss.
  • the spacers take up additional space and reduce the fill factor of the core.
  • the spacers cover a large part of the surface of the two sheets against which they rest. This part of the respective sheet is not available for thermal convection due to the low thermal conductivity of the spacer material.
  • the core as a component of the active part can be made as compact as possible, with good cooling being made possible at the same time.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to create a core of the type mentioned at the beginning, which can be subjected to higher thermal loads and at the same time enables better cooling.
  • the invention solves this problem in that the spacers are provided with an electrically insulating insulation layer on their side facing the respective sheet metal.
  • the arrangement and design of the spacers in the cooling channel of the core takes place in such a way that contact surfaces for heat transfer to the metallic spacers are formed between the core sheets delimiting a cooling channel and the spacers, and the outer surfaces of the spacers that do not adjoin the core sheets are convection surfaces for transferring the heat to the Form cooling fluid located in the cooling channel.
  • the heat transfer from the core to the insulating fluid is thus facilitated, so that a higher cooling performance is achieved.
  • the area that can be used for heat conduction and convection is increased within the scope of the invention. This results in more efficient cooling.
  • the core according to the invention can with the same cooling performance with smaller cooling channels or be provided with a reduced number of cooling channels, so that the core is made more compact.
  • the materials chosen for the spacers according to the state of the art are often not able to withstand the permissible temperatures, particularly when using insulating liquids such as ester oils that can withstand higher thermal loads.
  • the metallic spacers in the context of the invention can be exposed to higher temperatures without damage occurring.
  • the core can thus withstand higher thermal loads.
  • the mechanical, soft spacers according to the prior art which are often made of a material that can not withstand much thermal stress, are omitted.
  • Metallic spacers are also inexpensive, so that the manufacturing costs of the core according to the invention are reduced in comparison with the prior art.
  • the at least partially metallic spacers used are preferably designed as flat rods. In the sheet stack, the spacers rest with their flat flat sides on the core sheets surrounding the cooling channels.
  • the spacers are provided with an electrically insulating insulation layer on each of their sides which face a sheet metal.
  • the two sides of the spacer which are not facing any sheet, however, have no insulation layer. In this way it is possible to avoid bridging between the core laminations causing circular currents and eddy currents in the spacers.
  • a phosphating layer or a layer of insulating varnish with a small layer thickness can be considered as the insulation layer.
  • the spacers are solid rods arranged at a distance from one another, with semi-finished products being preferred for the production of the spacers made of steel or aluminum can be used.
  • the spacers preferably protrude over the adjacent core sheets in order to further enlarge the area that can be used for convection.
  • the spacers are not designed as continuous rods, but rather form spacer segments which are arranged on a sheet metal plane at a distance from one another.
  • spacer segments are preferably arranged offset from one another on the core sheet surface in order to achieve turbulence in the flow of the insulating fluid.
  • the spacers are preferably designed at least partially as hollow profiles. Since these also have contact with the flowing insulating fluid on their inner surface, the surface available for convection and thus the effectiveness of the cooling increase further. Hollow profiles are inexpensive on the market.
  • the spacers have a large number of spaced apart spacer segments which are connected to one another via connecting webs, the height of the connecting webs corresponding to a maximum of half the height of the cooling channel in order not to hinder the flow of the cooling liquid.
  • These connecting webs are advantageously designed in such a way that they contribute to a swirling of the flow of the cooling liquid.
  • the spacers are at least partially designed as round bars.
  • the spacers are made at least partially from a magnetizable material and in particular from layered magnetizable metal sheets.
  • Magnetizable spacers can do so how the remaining sheets of the core absorb the magnetic flux and thus contribute to increasing the magnetic cross-section in the core.
  • the spacers consist of layered magnetizable metal sheets.
  • the layered design of the magnetizable sheets serves to suppress eddy currents in the spacers.
  • only the respective outer areas of the spacers which lie against the sheets of the core are made of a magnetizable material, while the inner area consists of a largely non-magnetic metallic material.
  • the magnetizable material of the spacers preferably has a magnetic preference.
  • the sheets of the spacers are arranged in the same layer direction and magnetic preferred direction as the core sheets surrounding the cooling channel.
  • the layered metal sheets of the spacers are preferably connected to strip-shaped packets by an adhesive or lacquer.
  • the preferred magnetic direction is appropriately aligned.
  • the preferred magnetic direction expediently runs obliquely or at an angle to a joint extending through the core, for example in a core area in which sheet metal edges abut and form the said joint. This core area is referred to below as the joint area.
  • the joints which are each formed by two metal sheets abutting one another, can be offset from one another from sheet metal layer to sheet metal layer.
  • the joint is magnetically bridged by the magnetic spacers and the magnetic resistance of the joint is reduced.
  • the spacers preferably extend over the joint area of the core sheets.
  • the spacers and the abutting sheet metal edges of the sheet metal stack form an angle in a sectional side view of the core. Taking into account the preferred magnetic direction of the core laminations and the preferred magnetic direction of the spacer, this angle can be formed within the scope of the invention in such a way that a desired magnetic flux distribution is established.
  • the spacers formed from magnetic material with a preferred magnetic direction are aligned in the area of the joint between a leg plate and a yoke plate in such a way that the angle between the preferred magnetic direction of the magnetic material of the spacer and the joint is between 70 ° and 110 °. This arrangement enables good bridging of the joints and an advantageous magnetic flux distribution in the core area surrounding the cooling channel.
  • the spacers are equipped with at least one spring element.
  • the spring element provides a certain amount of damping. It therefore facilitates the manufacture of the core and also improves the mechanical load distribution within the core. This effect results in a damping and thus a reduction in the core noise caused by magnetostriction.
  • the spacers are advantageously formed from an expanded metal mesh or a wire mesh. Expanded metal or wire mesh are inexpensive and can simply be inserted between two core sheets during the manufacture of the core. A non-conductive locking device is advantageously integrated in openings in the expanded metal lattice structure. This simplifies the production of the core according to the invention even further. So can the sheets for example, be equipped with retaining pins protruding from their stacking surface.
  • the expanded metal mesh is advantageously held in an elastically bent manner in the sheet metal stack.
  • the expanded metal grid provides an advantageous spring effect already described above, so that mechanical damping, simplified manufacture and better mechanical hold of the core are made possible.
  • the spacers are designed as wire mesh.
  • Wire mesh is also available on the market at low cost.
  • the wire from which the wire mesh is formed preferably has a round or elliptical cross section, so that edges or points in the wire netting, which can damage the insulation of the core lamination, are avoided.
  • Corrugated wire meshes can be used in many different variants, which enables easy adaptation to the geometric relationships of the core.
  • a wire mesh or wire mesh consists, for example, of two wires woven together and / or possibly additional reinforcement wires. Both wires can be corrugated alternately. In contrast to this, corrugated wires enclose a straight, non-corrugated wire. In a further variant, the spacers are designed as a spiral spring wire mesh.
  • Such a mesh is advantageously designed such that the corrugations of the wire mesh part, which are arranged largely horizontally in the later installation position of the core, are formed in such a way that the covering of the vertical cooling channel corresponds at most to half the cooling channel width.
  • These connecting webs are advantageously designed in such a way that they contribute to a swirling of the flow of the cooling liquid.
  • the spacers have a fastening section with which the spacer extends out of the laminated core.
  • the fastening section can be used for fastening but also for lifting or transporting the core.
  • the formation of a mechanically stable fastening section is only made possible by the selection of a metallic material for the spacers.
  • fastening section forms a hook, an eye or the like in order to facilitate lifting or fastening of the core.
  • connection holder is, for example, also made of a metallic material and firmly connected to the fastening section, for example molded onto it.
  • connection bracket is used for mechanical connection with components of the induction device, such as the cover of a transformer.
  • the spacers are made of a magnetizable material
  • a sandwich arrangement is thus provided, the inner region being embedded by two outer magnetizable sections of the spacer.
  • the two outer magnetizable sections each face the stack of laminations of the core.
  • the outer magnetizable areas also consist of layered magnetizable metal sheets.
  • the spacers of the upper yoke are expediently on the side, which when used in a transformer a high-voltage winding is opposite, extended over the lower edge of the yoke and in the area of the overlap of the yoke (5) form an arc over the winding, which covers the yoke (5) in sections.
  • the arch serves to avoid high electrical field strengths.
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the core 1 according to the invention in a partially sectioned side view.
  • the core has three core legs 2, 3 and 4.
  • the core 1 has an upper yoke 5 and a lower yoke 6.
  • the core 1 is made of flat, ie flat, magnetizable metal sheets in order to avoid eddy current losses when used in a transformer or in a choke.
  • the flat sides of the sheets lie against one another.
  • a sheet metal from the center of the core 1 is shown in a plan view. The stacking direction of the sheets points into or out of the plane of the drawing.
  • the metal sheet of the core leg 2 shown is V-shaped at both ends.
  • the sheet metal shown here abuts against sheets of the upper or lower yoke 4, 5, forming a joint. This applies accordingly to the sheets below or above the plane of the drawing.
  • Further joint areas 8 arise between the core legs 3 and 4 and the upper yoke 5 or the lower yoke 6.
  • the metal sheets of the core 1 resting against one another also form an oblique joint.
  • the spacers 9 of the central core leg 2 are designed in the illustrated embodiment as solid rods, wherein they are configured in cross section in the embodiment shown rectangular. Cooling channels 10 extend between the spacers 9, which all lie in one plane and are at the same distance from one another.
  • the spacers 9 of the core legs 3 and 4 are not designed as continuous rods. Rather, the spacers are designed in the form of blocks, the individual blocks not being connected to one another, but rather delimiting transverse channels via which the cooling channels 10 running parallel to one another in the longitudinal direction of the core legs 3, 4 are connected to one another.
  • the flow of an insulating fluid in this area is illustrated schematically by the arrows 11.
  • the block-shaped configuration of the spacers 9 can be implemented in a further configuration of the invention by using a wire mesh or the like.
  • Heat loss is transferred from the metal sheets to the insulating fluid flowing through the cooling channels 10 and can thus be effectively transported away from the core 1.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates the structure of the laminated cores of the leg of a core 1, which is equipped both with spacers 9 according to the invention and with spacers 12 according to the prior art.
  • metallic spacers 9 according to the invention can be seen in the lower half, while the spacers 12 in the upper part of FIG Figure 2 are made according to the prior art from an insulating material.
  • the outer surfaces of the metal sheets 13, which face a cooling channel 10 and which at the same time enable a heat exchange with the insulating fluid flowing in the cooling channel 10, are shown by bold lines. In this way it can be seen that the cooling channels 10 in the lower part, where a metallic spacer 9 is inserted, are completely surrounded by a heat-conducting boundary.
  • the spacers 9 of the embodiment shown are formed from layered magnetizable metal sheets 13.
  • the sheets 13 of the spacers 9 are arranged in the same layer direction and in the preferred magnetic direction, and are made from the same material as the core sheets 13 surrounding the cooling channel 10.
  • the magnetically active cross section of the core is increased by the spacers 9.
  • the spacers 9 are therefore made capable of taking over part of the magnetic flux passing through the core 1.
  • the fill factor of the core increases. This effect can be used to reduce the maximum induction, for example to lower the core noise or to reduce the diameter of the core leg.
  • Figure 3 shows the joint area 7 of the core 1 according to the invention in more detail. It can be seen that a joint is formed in the joint area 7, which joint is formed by metal sheets abutting one another with their edges. The joints between the pairs of sheets are offset from one another from layer to layer. This is indicated by the dashed line, which indicates a joint lying behind the plane of the drawing.
  • the spacers 9 of the leg 2 are made of a laminated magnetizable material that has a preferred magnetic direction. Furthermore, the laminated magnetizable spacers 9 extend into the upper and lower yoke area. The preferred magnetic direction of the sheets 13 of the core and the preferred magnetic direction of the spacers 9 are indicated by double arrows.
  • the spacers 9 extend at an angle through the joint area 7 and thus the joints formed there.
  • the magnetic The preferred direction of the spacers 9 and the preferred magnetic direction of the layered sheets 13 of the core 1 are aligned with one another and with the joint so that an advantageous magnetic flux distribution is established in the core 1 as soon as it is used in a transformer or in a choke.
  • Sections 9.5 of the spacers 9, which are arranged in the yoke area 5, but outside the joint area and therefore do not cover the joint between the core sheet of the leg and the core sheet of the yoke, are not made of a magnetizable material such as electrical steel in the illustrated embodiment, but of a non-magnetizable metallic one Material made.
  • the layered metal sheets of the spacers 9 are connected to strip-shaped packets by an adhesive or lacquer.
  • Figure 4 shows the joint area 8 between the upper yoke and the leg of a core according to FIG Figure 1 , the spacers 9 also extending through the joint area 8 here.
  • the sections of the spacers 9 which are arranged in the joint area 8 of the core laminations 13, which therefore extend through the joints 8.2 formed between laminations, are made of a magnetizable material.
  • the sheets 13 of the core yoke 5, 6 and of the core leg 3 have a preferred magnetic direction in the longitudinal direction of the sheet in order to reduce the no-load losses. At the joint 8.2 there is consequently a change in the preferred magnetic direction by an angle of approximately 90 degrees.
  • the spacers 9 in the joint area 8 are shown in the exemplary embodiment Figure 4 also formed by layered metal sheets, which have a preferred magnetic direction.
  • the preferred direction extends, by appropriate cutting of the spacers 9, parallel to the long cutting edge of the spacers 9 or in other words in the longitudinal direction of the spacers 9.
  • the alignment of the spacer 9 formed in this way takes place at an angle between 70 ° and 110 ° to the butt joint 8.2. This results in a difference in each case between the preferred magnetic directions of the spacers 9 and the core sheets of between 25 ° and 65 °.
  • This arrangement provides a good magnetic bridging of the joints 8.2 and an advantageous magnetic flux distribution in the core area surrounding the cooling channel.
  • part of the magnetic flux can use a shortened magnetic path and the inner corner area of the joint area between the core leg and core yoke is relieved.
  • Figure 5 shows a further embodiment of the core 1 according to the invention, which differs from that in Figure 1
  • the illustrated embodiment differs in that the spacers 9 in the cross-sectional view shown are not rectangular, but round.
  • the spacers 9, which are round or circular in cross section, have the advantage that their dimensions can be selected independently of the dimensions of the core 1, so that the manufacturing costs are reduced.
  • the spacers are formed from aluminum disks.
  • the spacers 9 of one level are advantageously arranged offset from the spacers 9 of the adjacent level 15 or 16.
  • Each spacer 9 of plane 14 is therefore arranged opposite a gap between spacers 9 of plane 15 or 16. In this way, the flow of the insulating fluid can be improved, as is shown by the arrows 11.
  • Figure 6 shows an embodiment in which the spacers 9 form circular metallic spacer segments 24. These spacer segments 24 are arranged offset on the surface of the metal sheets in order to achieve turbulence in the flow of the insulating fluid.
  • the spacer segments 24 are connected to one another by means of network-shaped connecting webs 25, shown schematically. These connecting webs 25 have a smaller height than the spacer segments 24 in order not to impede the flow of an insulating fluid. This creates a spacing assembly that enables simple assembly.
  • FIG Figure 7 shows the sectional view of a spacer 9 according to FIG Figure 6 . It can be seen that a cooling channel 10 is formed between the metal sheets 13 by the spacer segments 9.
  • the spacer segments 24 are connected to one another via the connecting webs 25, the connecting webs 25 having a maximum height of 50% of the height of the spacer segments 9 in order not to impede the flow of the insulating fluid in the cooling channel 10.
  • the connecting webs 25 are designed here in such a way that they contribute to a turbulence in the flow of the insulating fluid.
  • Figures 8 and 9 show further examples of a spacer 9, which is implemented here by a wire mesh 9.1 and 9.2. This is available at low cost and, due to the round wire 9.1 or 9.2 used, has no edges or points that could damage the insulation of the core sheet 13.
  • the design of the spacers 9 as a corrugated wire mesh enables a high degree of design diversity and good adaptation options to the geometrical relationships of the cooling channels of the core.
  • Figure 10 shows an embodiment of the core 1 according to the invention in a sectional side view.
  • the metallic spacers 9 are designed as a solid component 9, with a fastening section 17 extending out of the core 1.
  • the spacers 9 and fastening sections 17 are made of steel in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the fastening section 17 is equipped with elements for attaching stop means for lifting and transporting the core.
  • the pressed core 1 enables a good transmission of the weight of the core via the appropriately designed spacers 9 and the fastening sections 17 integrated into them.
  • the devices customary according to the prior art for fastening the stop means to the yoke press beams can be omitted.
  • the fastening sections 17 also enlarge the surface area of the spacers 9, so that the heat dissipation from the core 1 is even further improved.
  • the spacers 9 of the upper yoke 5 on the side opposite a high-voltage winding 26 when used in a transformer are extended over the lower edge of the upper yoke 5 and form an arc 18 in the area of the overlap of the winding 26 , which covers the next outer core step of the yoke 5.
  • critical corners of the core yoke are shielded with regard to the dielectric strength.
  • FIG. 11 Embodiments of spacers 9 are shown, each of which is equipped with a fastening section 17 for lifting and transporting the core 1.
  • each fastening section 17 there is an eyelet 19 for fastening attachment means.
  • the spacers 9 and the associated fastening sections 17 are made correspondingly solid. The width required for this leads to a partial covering of the surfaces of the core sheets that lie against the cooling duct.
  • the spacers concerned are equipped with finger-shaped webs which separate recesses 20.
  • the webs arranged in the shape of a finger are mechanically designed so that they can absorb the weight of the core 1. In doing so, they delimit recesses 20, which extend in the form of channels on both sides out of the yoke plates of the core 1 and thus enable the entry and exit of a cooling fluid.
  • Figure 12 shows the use of these finger-shaped spacer elements 9 in a core 1.
  • the channel-shaped recesses 20 extend over the entire height of the adjacent step 1.3 of the core yoke and form the cooling channels of the core 1.
  • the in Figure 12 Spacer element 9 shown on the right is provided with a fastening section 17 which projects beyond core 1.
  • An eyelet 19 for attaching stop means is formed in the fastening section 17 and enables the core 1 to be transported and lifted.
  • connection holder 22 forms a connection holder 22 on its fastening section 17.
  • the view shown extends the connection holder 22 on two spacers 9 each in the horizontal direction.
  • the connection bracket 22 shown is used to fasten a housing part, for example a cover 21 of a transformer.
  • connection holder extends vertically in each case, the cover 21 forming fastening elements 23 with which it is fastened to the connection holder 22. Furthermore, the spacers of the upper yoke at their lower edge in the area which covers the winding of the transformer are lengthened 18 compared to the adjacent core stage and rounded with a radius which is greater than the width of the cooling channel around the core corners of the laminated cores of the yoke with the largest sheet width electrically shielded from the winding.

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  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Coils Of Transformers For General Uses (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Kern für eine elektrische Induktionseinrichtung mit einer Vielzahl von magnetisierbaren Blechen, die unter Ausbildung eines Blechstapels aneinander anliegen, wobei zwischen zwei Blechen angeordnete Abstandshalter wenigstens einen Kühlkanal ausbilden, und wobei die Abstandshalter zumindest zum Teil aus Metall bestehen.The invention relates to a core for an electrical induction device with a plurality of magnetizable metal sheets which abut one another to form a sheet stack, spacers arranged between two metal sheets forming at least one cooling channel, and the spacers being at least partially made of metal.

Die US 3 183 461 A betrifft einen Kern für eine elektrische Induktionseinrichtung mit einer Vielzahl von magnetisierbaren Blechen, die unter Ausbildung eines Blechstapels aneinander anliegen. Zwischen zwei Blechen sind Abstandshalter angeordnet, die einen Kühlkanal ausbilden. Die Abstandshalter bestehen zumindest teilweise aus Metall.The U.S. 3,183,461 A relates to a core for an electrical induction device with a multiplicity of magnetizable metal sheets which rest against one another to form a sheet metal stack. Spacers that form a cooling channel are arranged between two metal sheets. The spacers consist at least partially of metal.

Die JP S 55 156312 A betrifft ebenfalls einen Kern von einem Transformator, der aus einer Vielzahl von magnetisierbaren Blechen besteht, die unter Ausbildung eines Blechstapels aneinander anliegen. Hier ist zwischen zwei Blechen ein Abstandhalter angeordnet, der auch einen Kühlkanal ausbildet, wobei der Abstandshalter zumindest teilweise aus Metall besteht.The JP S 55 156312 A also relates to a core of a transformer, which consists of a multiplicity of magnetizable metal sheets which bear against one another to form a sheet metal stack. Here a spacer is arranged between two metal sheets, which spacer also forms a cooling channel, the spacer being at least partially made of metal.

Weiterer Stand der Technik ist in der US 2014/132380 A1 und in der US 2012/299680 A1 bekannt.Further prior art is in the US 2014/132380 A1 and in the US 2012/299680 A1 known.

Ein gattungsgemäßer Kern wird in elektrischen Induktionseinrichtungen, wie beispielsweise Transformatoren oder Drosseln eingesetzt. Zur Unterdrückung von Wirbelströmen weist der Kern eine Vielzahl von flachen magnetisierbaren Blechen auf, die unter Ausbildung eines Blechstapels mit ihren Flachseiten aneinander anliegen. Zwischen zwei Blechen können Abstandshalter angeordnet sein, die mit den beiden Blechen, zwischen denen sie angeordnet sind, gemeinsam Kühlkanäle begrenzen. Diese Kühlkanäle ermöglichen die Abfuhr von im Kern entstehender Verlustwärme. Nachteilig ist jedoch, dass die Abstandshalter zusätzlichen Raum beanspruchen und den Füllfaktor des Kerns herabsetzen. Darüber hinaus decken die Abstandshalter einen großen Teil der Oberfläche der beiden Bleche ab, an denen sie anliegen. Dieser Teil des jeweiligen Bleches steht auf Grund der geringen Wärmeleitfähigkeit des Materials der Abstandshalter für die Wärmekonvektion nicht zur Verfügung.A generic core is used in electrical induction devices such as transformers or chokes. In order to suppress eddy currents, the core has a large number of flat magnetizable metal sheets, which rest against one another with their flat sides, forming a sheet stack. Spacers can be arranged between two metal sheets which, together with the two metal sheets between which they are arranged, delimit cooling channels. These cooling channels allow the removal of any that arises in the core Heat loss. However, it is disadvantageous that the spacers take up additional space and reduce the fill factor of the core. In addition, the spacers cover a large part of the surface of the two sheets against which they rest. This part of the respective sheet is not available for thermal convection due to the low thermal conductivity of the spacer material.

Insbesondere im Hinblick auf den Einsatz neuer Isolierfluide zur Isolation und zur Kühlung des Aktivteils einer Induktionseinrichtung ist es wünschenswert, dass der Kern als Bestandteil des Aktivteils möglichst kompakt ausgebildet werden kann, wobei gleichzeitig eine gute Kühlung ermöglicht wird.In particular with regard to the use of new insulating fluids for insulating and cooling the active part of an induction device, it is desirable that the core as a component of the active part can be made as compact as possible, with good cooling being made possible at the same time.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, einen Kern der eingangs genannten Art zu schaffen, der thermisch höher belastet werden kann und gleichzeitig eine bessere Kühlung ermöglicht.The object of the invention is therefore to create a core of the type mentioned at the beginning, which can be subjected to higher thermal loads and at the same time enables better cooling.

Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe dadurch, dass die Abstandshalter an ihrer dem jeweiligen Blech zugewandten Seite mit einer elektrisch isolierenden Isolationsschicht versehen sind.The invention solves this problem in that the spacers are provided with an electrically insulating insulation layer on their side facing the respective sheet metal.

Die Anordnung und Gestaltung der Abstandshalter im Kühlkanal des Kernes erfolgt derart, dass zwischen den einen Kühlkanal begrenzenden Kernblechen und den Abstandshaltern Kontaktflächen zur Wärmeübertragung an die metallischen Abstandshalter gebildet werden und die nicht an den Kernblechen anliegenden Außenflächen der Abstandshalter Konvektionsflächen zur Abgabe der Wärme an das im Kühlkanal befindliche Kühlfluid bilden. Somit ist der Wärmeübergang vom Kern zum Isolierfluid erleichtert, so dass sich eine höhere Kühlleistung einstellt. Mit anderen Worten ist im Rahmen der Erfindung die zur Wärmeleitung und Konvektion nutzbare Fläche erhöht. Dies hat eine effizientere Kühlung zur Folge. Der erfindungsgemäße Kern kann bei gleicher Kühlleistung mit kleineren Kühlkanälen oder mit einer verminderten Anzahl von Kühlkanälen versehen sein, so dass der Kern kompakter ausgebildet ist.The arrangement and design of the spacers in the cooling channel of the core takes place in such a way that contact surfaces for heat transfer to the metallic spacers are formed between the core sheets delimiting a cooling channel and the spacers, and the outer surfaces of the spacers that do not adjoin the core sheets are convection surfaces for transferring the heat to the Form cooling fluid located in the cooling channel. The heat transfer from the core to the insulating fluid is thus facilitated, so that a higher cooling performance is achieved. In other words, the area that can be used for heat conduction and convection is increased within the scope of the invention. This results in more efficient cooling. The core according to the invention can with the same cooling performance with smaller cooling channels or be provided with a reduced number of cooling channels, so that the core is made more compact.

Die gemäß dem Stand der Technik gewählten Materialien der Abstandshalter sind den zulässigen Temperaturen insbesondere beim Einsatz von thermisch höher belastbaren Isolierflüssigkeiten wie Esterölen oft nicht gewachsen. Die metallischen Abstandshalter im Rahmen der Erfindung können höheren Temperaturen ausgesetzt werden, ohne dass es zu Beschädigungen kommt.The materials chosen for the spacers according to the state of the art are often not able to withstand the permissible temperatures, particularly when using insulating liquids such as ester oils that can withstand higher thermal loads. The metallic spacers in the context of the invention can be exposed to higher temperatures without damage occurring.

Erfindungsgemäß kann der Kern somit höheren thermischen Belastungen standhalten. Darüber hinaus entfallen die mechanischen weichen und oft aus thermisch wenig belastbarem Material gefertigten Abstandshalter gemäß dem Stand der Technik. Metallische Abstandshalter sind darüber hinaus kostengünstig, so dass die Herstellungskosten des erfindungsgemäßen Kerns im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik verringert sind.According to the invention, the core can thus withstand higher thermal loads. In addition, the mechanical, soft spacers according to the prior art, which are often made of a material that can not withstand much thermal stress, are omitted. Metallic spacers are also inexpensive, so that the manufacturing costs of the core according to the invention are reduced in comparison with the prior art.

Die eingesetzten zumindest abschnittsweise metallischen Abstandshalter sind bevorzugt als flache Stäbe ausgestaltet. Im Blechstapel liegen die Abstandshalter mit ihren ebenen Flachseiten an den die Kühlkanäle umschließenden Kernblechen an.The at least partially metallic spacers used are preferably designed as flat rods. In the sheet stack, the spacers rest with their flat flat sides on the core sheets surrounding the cooling channels.

Erfindungsgemäß sind die Abstandhalter an jeder ihrer Seiten, die einem Blech zugewandt sind, mit einer elektrisch isolierenden Isolationsschicht versehen. Die beiden Seiten des Abstandshalters, die keinem Blech zugewandt sind, weisen hingegen keine Isolationsschicht auf. Auf diese Weise kann eine Kreisströme verursachende Brückenbildung zwischen den Kernblechen und Wirbelströme in den Abstandshaltern vermieden werden. Als Isolationsschicht kommt beispielsweise eine Phosphatierungsschicht oder eine Schicht aus Isolierlack mit geringer Schichtdicke in Betracht.According to the invention, the spacers are provided with an electrically insulating insulation layer on each of their sides which face a sheet metal. The two sides of the spacer which are not facing any sheet, however, have no insulation layer. In this way it is possible to avoid bridging between the core laminations causing circular currents and eddy currents in the spacers. A phosphating layer or a layer of insulating varnish with a small layer thickness can be considered as the insulation layer.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführung der Erfindung sind die Abstandshalter mit Abstand zueinander angeordnete massive Stäbe, wobei zur Herstellung der Abstandshalter bevorzugt Halbzeuge aus Stahl oder Aluminium eingesetzt werden. Bevorzugt weisen die Abstandshalter einen Überstand über die benachbarten Kernbleche auf, um die zur Konvektion nutzbare Fläche weiter zu vergrößern.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the spacers are solid rods arranged at a distance from one another, with semi-finished products being preferred for the production of the spacers made of steel or aluminum can be used. The spacers preferably protrude over the adjacent core sheets in order to further enlarge the area that can be used for convection.

Gemäß einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind die Abstandhalter nicht als durchgehende Stäbe ausgeführt, sondern bilden Abstandssegmente aus, die auf einer Blechebene mit Abstand zueinander angeordnet sind.According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, the spacers are not designed as continuous rods, but rather form spacer segments which are arranged on a sheet metal plane at a distance from one another.

Bevorzugt sind diese Abstandssegmente auf der Kernblechoberfläche gegeneinander versetzt angeordnet, um eine Verwirbelung der Strömung des Isolierfluides zu erreichen.These spacer segments are preferably arranged offset from one another on the core sheet surface in order to achieve turbulence in the flow of the insulating fluid.

Vorzugsweise sind die Abstandshalter zumindest teilweise als Hohlprofile ausgeführt. Da diese auch an ihrer Innenfläche Kontakt zum strömenden Isolierfluid haben, erhöht sich die zur Konvektion zur Verfügung stehende Oberfläche und damit die Effektivität der Kühlung weiter. Hohlprofile sind kostengünstig am Markt erhältlich.The spacers are preferably designed at least partially as hollow profiles. Since these also have contact with the flowing insulating fluid on their inner surface, the surface available for convection and thus the effectiveness of the cooling increase further. Hollow profiles are inexpensive on the market.

Gemäß einer weiteren Variante verfügen die Abstandshalter über eine Vielzahl von mit Abstand zueinander angeordneten Abstandssegmenten, welche über Verbindungsstege miteinander verbunden sind, wobei die Höhe der Verbindungsstege maximal der halben Höhe des Kühlkanales entspricht, um die Strömung der Kühlflüssigkeit nicht zu behindern. Vorteilhafterweise sind diese Verbindungsstege derart ausgeführt, dass sie zu einer Verwirbelung der Strömung der Kühlflüssigkeit beitragen.According to a further variant, the spacers have a large number of spaced apart spacer segments which are connected to one another via connecting webs, the height of the connecting webs corresponding to a maximum of half the height of the cooling channel in order not to hinder the flow of the cooling liquid. These connecting webs are advantageously designed in such a way that they contribute to a swirling of the flow of the cooling liquid.

In einer weiteren Variante sind die Abstandshalter zumindest teilweise als Rundstangen ausgeführt.In a further variant, the spacers are at least partially designed as round bars.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind die Abstandshalter zumindest teilweise aus einem magnetisierbaren Material und insbesondere aus geschichteten magnetisierbaren Blechen gefertigt. Magnetisierbare Abstandhalter können so wie die restlichen Bleche des Kerns den magnetischen Fluss aufnehmen und auf diese Weise zur Erhöhung des magnetischen Querschnitts im Kern beitragen. Gemäß dieser Weiterentwicklung der Erfindung ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn die Abstandshalter aus geschichteten magnetisierbaren Blechen bestehen. Die geschichtete Ausführung der magnetisierbaren Bleche dient der Unterdrückung von Wirbelströmen in den Abstandshaltern.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the spacers are made at least partially from a magnetizable material and in particular from layered magnetizable metal sheets. Magnetizable spacers can do so how the remaining sheets of the core absorb the magnetic flux and thus contribute to increasing the magnetic cross-section in the core. According to this further development of the invention, it is particularly advantageous if the spacers consist of layered magnetizable metal sheets. The layered design of the magnetizable sheets serves to suppress eddy currents in the spacers.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind nur die jeweils äußeren an die Bleche des Kernes anliegenden Bereiche der Abstandshalter aus einem magnetisierbaren Material gefertigt, während der innere Bereich aus einem weitgehend unmagnetischen metallischen Material besteht.In a further embodiment of the invention, only the respective outer areas of the spacers which lie against the sheets of the core are made of a magnetizable material, while the inner area consists of a largely non-magnetic metallic material.

Vorzugsweise weist das magnetisierbare Material der Abstandshalter eine magnetische Vorzugsichtung auf.The magnetizable material of the spacers preferably has a magnetic preference.

In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind die Bleche der Abstandshalter in gleicher Schichtrichtung und magnetischer Vorzugsrichtung angeordnet, wie die den Kühlkanal umgebenden Kernbleche.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the sheets of the spacers are arranged in the same layer direction and magnetic preferred direction as the core sheets surrounding the cooling channel.

Bevorzugt werden die geschichteten Bleche der Abstandshalter durch einen Kleber oder Lack zu leistenförmigen Paketen verbunden.The layered metal sheets of the spacers are preferably connected to strip-shaped packets by an adhesive or lacquer.

Die magnetische Vorzugsrichtung ist zweckmäßig ausgerichtet. So verläuft die magnetische Vorzugsrichtung zweckmäßigerweise schräg oder winklig zu einer sich durch den Kern erstreckenden Fuge beispielsweise in einem Kernbereich, in dem Blechkanten aneinander stoßen und die besagte Fuge ausbilden. Dieser Kernbereich wird im Folgenden als Stoßbereich bezeichnet. Die Fugen, die jeweils von zwei aneinander stoßenden Blechen gebildet werden, können von Blechschicht zu Blechschicht versetzt zueinander sein. Durch die magnetischen Abstandshalter wird die Fuge magnetisch überbrückt und der magnetische Widerstand der Fuge herabgesetzt.The preferred magnetic direction is appropriately aligned. The preferred magnetic direction expediently runs obliquely or at an angle to a joint extending through the core, for example in a core area in which sheet metal edges abut and form the said joint. This core area is referred to below as the joint area. The joints, which are each formed by two metal sheets abutting one another, can be offset from one another from sheet metal layer to sheet metal layer. The joint is magnetically bridged by the magnetic spacers and the magnetic resistance of the joint is reduced.

Bevorzugt erstecken sich die Abstandshalter über den Stoßbereich der Kernbleche. Dabei bilden die Abstandshalter und die aneinander anstoßenden Blechkanten des Blechstapels in einer geschnittenen Seitenansicht des Kerns einen Winkel. Dieser Winkel kann unter Berücksichtigung der magnetischen Vorzugsrichtung der Kernbleche sowie der magnetischen Vorzugsrichtung des Abstandshalters im Rahmen der Erfindung so ausgebildet werden, dass sich eine gewünschte magnetische Flussverteilung einstellt.The spacers preferably extend over the joint area of the core sheets. The spacers and the abutting sheet metal edges of the sheet metal stack form an angle in a sectional side view of the core. Taking into account the preferred magnetic direction of the core laminations and the preferred magnetic direction of the spacer, this angle can be formed within the scope of the invention in such a way that a desired magnetic flux distribution is established.

In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung sind die aus magnetischem Material mit magnetischer Vorzugsrichtung gebildeten Abstandshalter im Bereich der Fuge zwischen einem Schenkelblech und einem Jochblech derart ausgerichtet, dass der Winkel zwischen der magnetischen Vorzugsrichtung des magnetischen Materials der Abstandshalter und der Fuge zwischen 70° und 110° liegt. Durch diese Anordnung lässt sich eine gute Überbrückung der Fugen, sowie eine vorteilhafte magnetische Flussverteilung im den Kühlkanal umgebenden Kernbereich erzielen.In a preferred embodiment, the spacers formed from magnetic material with a preferred magnetic direction are aligned in the area of the joint between a leg plate and a yoke plate in such a way that the angle between the preferred magnetic direction of the magnetic material of the spacer and the joint is between 70 ° and 110 °. This arrangement enables good bridging of the joints and an advantageous magnetic flux distribution in the core area surrounding the cooling channel.

In einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sind die Abstandshalter mit wenigstens einem Federelement ausgerüstet. Das Federelement stellt eine gewisse Dämpfung bereit. Es erleichtert daher die Fertigung des Kerns und verbessert darüber hinaus die mechanische Lastverteilung innerhalb des Kerns. Dieser Effekt hat eine Dämpfung und damit eine Reduktion der durch Magnetostriktion verursachten Kerngeräusche zur Folge.In a further embodiment of the invention, the spacers are equipped with at least one spring element. The spring element provides a certain amount of damping. It therefore facilitates the manufacture of the core and also improves the mechanical load distribution within the core. This effect results in a damping and thus a reduction in the core noise caused by magnetostriction.

Vorteilhafterweise sind die Abstandshalter aus einem Streckmetallgitter oder einem Drahtgitter ausgebildet. Streckmetall- oder Drahtgitter sind kostengünstig und können bei der Herstellung des Kerns einfach zwischen zwei Kernbleche eingelegt werden. Vorteilhafterweise ist eine nichtleitende Arretierungsvorrichtung in Öffnungen der Streckmetallgitterstruktur integriert. Damit wird die Herstellung des erfindungsgemäßen Kerns noch weiter vereinfacht. So können die Bleche beispielsweise mit von ihrer Stapelfläche aufragenden Haltestiften ausgerüstet sein.The spacers are advantageously formed from an expanded metal mesh or a wire mesh. Expanded metal or wire mesh are inexpensive and can simply be inserted between two core sheets during the manufacture of the core. A non-conductive locking device is advantageously integrated in openings in the expanded metal lattice structure. This simplifies the production of the core according to the invention even further. So can the sheets for example, be equipped with retaining pins protruding from their stacking surface.

Vorteilhafterweise ist das Streckmetallgitter in dem Blechstapel elastisch verbogen gehalten. Gemäß dieser Ausgestaltung der Erfindung stellt das Streckmetallgitter eine bereits weiter oben beschriebene vorteilhafte Federwirkung bereit, so dass eine mechanische Dämpfung, eine vereinfachte Fertigung und ein besserer mechanischer Halt des Kerns ermöglicht sind.The expanded metal mesh is advantageously held in an elastically bent manner in the sheet metal stack. According to this embodiment of the invention, the expanded metal grid provides an advantageous spring effect already described above, so that mechanical damping, simplified manufacture and better mechanical hold of the core are made possible.

In einer diesbezüglich zweckmäßigen Weiterentwicklung der Erfindung sind die Abstandshalter als Maschendraht ausgeführt. Auch ein Maschendraht ist zu geringen Kosten am Markt erhältlich. Der Draht, aus dem der Maschendraht gebildet ist, weist vorzugsweise einen runden oder elliptischen Querschnitt auf, so dass Kanten oder Spitzen beim Maschendraht vermieden sind, welche die Isolation des Kernbleches beschädigen können.In a further development of the invention that is expedient in this regard, the spacers are designed as wire mesh. Wire mesh is also available on the market at low cost. The wire from which the wire mesh is formed preferably has a round or elliptical cross section, so that edges or points in the wire netting, which can damage the insulation of the core lamination, are avoided.

Gewellte Drahtgeflechte können in vielen unterschiedlichen Varianten eingesetzt werden, wodurch eine leichte Anpassung an die geometrischen Verhältnisse des Kernes ermöglicht ist.Corrugated wire meshes can be used in many different variants, which enables easy adaptation to the geometric relationships of the core.

Ein Drahtgitter oder Drahtgeflecht besteht beispielsweise aus zwei miteinander gewobenen Drähten und/oder ggf. zusätzlichen Verstärkungsdrähten. Dabei können beide Drähte wechselseitig gewellt sein. Abweichend hiervon umschließen gewellte Drähte einen geraden ungewellten Draht. Bei einer weiteren Variante sind die Abstandshalter als ein Spiralfederdrahtgewebe ausgeführt.A wire mesh or wire mesh consists, for example, of two wires woven together and / or possibly additional reinforcement wires. Both wires can be corrugated alternately. In contrast to this, corrugated wires enclose a straight, non-corrugated wire. In a further variant, the spacers are designed as a spiral spring wire mesh.

Vorteilhafterweise wird ein solches Geflecht derart gestaltet, dass die Wellen von in der späteren Einbaulage des Kernes weitgehend horizontal angeordneten Teildrähten des Drahtgeflechts derart ausgebildet sind, dass die Abdeckung des vertikalen Kühlkanales maximal der halben Kühlkanalbreite entspricht. Vorteilhafterweise sind diese Verbindungsstege derart ausgeführt, dass sie zu einer Verwirbelung der Strömung der Kühlflüssigkeit beitragen.Such a mesh is advantageously designed such that the corrugations of the wire mesh part, which are arranged largely horizontally in the later installation position of the core, are formed in such a way that the covering of the vertical cooling channel corresponds at most to half the cooling channel width. These connecting webs are advantageously designed in such a way that they contribute to a swirling of the flow of the cooling liquid.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weisen die Abstandshalter einen Befestigungsabschnitt auf, mit dem sich der Abstandshalter aus dem Blechpaket heraus erstreckt. Der Befestigungsabschnitt kann zur Befestigung aber auch zum Heben oder zum Transport des Kerns eingesetzt werden. Die Ausbildung eines mechanischen stabilen Befestigungsabschnittes wird erst durch die Auswahl eines metallischen Materials für die Abstandshalter ermöglicht.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the spacers have a fastening section with which the spacer extends out of the laminated core. The fastening section can be used for fastening but also for lifting or transporting the core. The formation of a mechanically stable fastening section is only made possible by the selection of a metallic material for the spacers.

Weitere Vorteile bringt es mit sich, wenn der Befestigungsabschnitt einen Haken, eine Öse oder dergleichen ausbildet, um ein Anheben oder Befestigen des Kerns zu erleichtern.There are further advantages if the fastening section forms a hook, an eye or the like in order to facilitate lifting or fastening of the core.

Zweckmäßigerweise ist der Befestigungsabschnitt mit einer Anschlusshalterung ausgerüstet. Die Anschlusshalterung ist beispielsweise ebenfalls aus einem metallischen Material gefertigt und fest mit dem Befestigungsabschnitt verbunden, beispielsweise an diesen angeformt. Die Anschlusshalterung dient zur mechanischen Verbindung mit Komponenten der Induktionseinrichtung, wie z.B. dem Deckel eines Transformators.The fastening section is expediently equipped with a connection holder. The connection holder is, for example, also made of a metallic material and firmly connected to the fastening section, for example molded onto it. The connection bracket is used for mechanical connection with components of the induction device, such as the cover of a transformer.

Bei der Variante der Erfindung, bei der die Abstandshalter aus einem magnetisierbaren Material bestehen, ist es vorteilhaft, dass die Abstandshalter einen inneren Bereich aus einem unmagnetischen metallischen Material aufweisen. In einer Querschnittsansicht des Abstandshalters ist somit eine Sandwichanordnung bereitgestellt, wobei der innere Bereich von zwei äußeren magnetisierbaren Abschnitten des Abstandshalters eingebettet ist. Die beiden äußeren magnetisierbaren Abschnitte sind jeweils dem Blechstapel des Kerns zugewandt.In the variant of the invention in which the spacers are made of a magnetizable material, it is advantageous that the spacers have an inner area made of a non-magnetic metallic material. In a cross-sectional view of the spacer, a sandwich arrangement is thus provided, the inner region being embedded by two outer magnetizable sections of the spacer. The two outer magnetizable sections each face the stack of laminations of the core.

Bei einer diesbezüglichen Weiterentwicklung bestehen die äußeren magnetisierbaren Bereiche ebenfalls aus geschichteten magnetisierbaren Blechen.In a further development in this regard, the outer magnetizable areas also consist of layered magnetizable metal sheets.

Zweckmäßigerweise sind die Abstandshalter des oberen Joches an der Seite, die bei einem Einsatz in einem Transformator einer Hochspannung führenden Wicklung gegenüberliegt, über die Unterkante des Joches verlängert und bilden im Bereich der Überdeckung des Joches (5) über die Wicklung einen Bogen aus, welcher das Joch (5) abschnittsweise überdeckt. Der Bogen dient der Vermeidung hoher elektrischer Feldstärken.The spacers of the upper yoke are expediently on the side, which when used in a transformer a high-voltage winding is opposite, extended over the lower edge of the yoke and in the area of the overlap of the yoke (5) form an arc over the winding, which covers the yoke (5) in sections. The arch serves to avoid high electrical field strengths.

Weitere zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen und Vorteile der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen der Erfindung oder Bezug auf die Figuren der Zeichnung, wobei gleiche Figuren auf gleichwirkende Bauteile verweisen und wobei

Figur 1
ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Kerns in einer geschnittenen Seitenansicht schematisch verdeutlicht,
Figur 2
einen Kern schematisch zeigt, der aus geschichteten flachen Einzelblechen gebildet ist und sowohl Abstandshalter gemäß dem Stand der Technik als auch metallische Abstandshalter gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung aufweist,
Figur 3
einen Stoßbereich mit Abstandshaltern in einer Seitenansicht schematisch verdeutlicht,
Figur 4
einen weiteren Stoßbereich mit Abstandshaltern schematisch zeigt,
Figur 5
ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Kerns zeigt,
Figur 6
ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Kerns verdeutlicht,
Figur 7
fingerförmige Abstandshalter für den erfindungsgemäßen Kern veranschaulicht,
Figur 8
einen Kern mit Abstandshalter gemäß Fig. 7 zeigt und
Figuren 9
ein Ausführungsbeispiel eines Abstandshalters 9 schematisch verdeutlicht,
Figuren 10
ein Ausführungsbeispiel des Kerns 1 mit einem Abstandhalter gemäß Figur 9 in einer Querschnittsansicht zeigen,
Figuren 11
und 12 weitere Ausführungsbeispiele eines Abstandshalters verdeutlichen und
Figuren 13
und 14 weitere Ausführungsbeispiele des erfindungsgemäßen Kerns verdeutlichen.
Further useful refinements and advantages of the invention are the subject matter of the following description of exemplary embodiments of the invention or reference to the figures in the drawing, the same figures referring to components with the same effect and where
Figure 1
an embodiment of the core according to the invention schematically illustrates in a sectional side view,
Figure 2
shows schematically a core which is formed from layered flat individual sheets and has both spacers according to the prior art and metallic spacers according to the present invention,
Figure 3
schematically illustrates a joint area with spacers in a side view,
Figure 4
shows schematically another joint area with spacers,
Figure 5
shows another embodiment of the core according to the invention,
Figure 6
illustrates another embodiment of the core according to the invention,
Figure 7
illustrates finger-shaped spacers for the core according to the invention,
Figure 8
a core with spacer according to Fig. 7 shows and
Figures 9
an embodiment of a spacer 9 schematically illustrates,
Figures 10
an embodiment of the core 1 with a spacer according to Figure 9 show in a cross-sectional view,
Figures 11
and 12 illustrate further exemplary embodiments of a spacer
Figures 13
and 14 illustrate further exemplary embodiments of the core according to the invention.

Figur 1 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Kerns 1 in einer teilweise geschnittenen Seitenansicht. Der Kern weist drei Kernschenkel 2, 3 und 4 auf. Darüber hinaus verfügt der Kern 1 über ein oberes Joch 5 sowie über ein unteres Joch 6. Der Kern 1 ist aus flachen also ebenen magnetisierbaren Blechen gefertigt, um Wirbelstromverluste bei einem Einsatz in einem Transformator oder in einer Drossel zu vermeiden. Die Bleche liegen mit ihren Flachseiten aneinander an. In Figur 1 ist ein Blech aus der Mitte des Kerns 1 in einer Draufsicht gezeigt. Die Stapelrichtung der Bleche zeigt in die Zeichnungsebene hinein bzw. aus dieser heraus. Figure 1 shows an embodiment of the core 1 according to the invention in a partially sectioned side view. The core has three core legs 2, 3 and 4. In addition, the core 1 has an upper yoke 5 and a lower yoke 6. The core 1 is made of flat, ie flat, magnetizable metal sheets in order to avoid eddy current losses when used in a transformer or in a choke. The flat sides of the sheets lie against one another. In Figure 1 a sheet metal from the center of the core 1 is shown in a plan view. The stacking direction of the sheets points into or out of the plane of the drawing.

In Stoßbereichen 7 ist das gezeigte Blech des Kernschenkels 2 an seinen beiden Enden V-förmig ausgebildet. Das gezeigte Blech stößt hier an Bleche des oberen oder unteren Jochs 4,5 unter Ausbildung einer Fuge an. Dies gilt entsprechend für die unter bzw. über der Zeichnungsebene liegenden Bleche. Weitere Stoßbereiche 8 ergeben sich zwischen den Kernschenkeln 3 und 4 und dem oberen Joch 5 beziehungsweise dem unteren Joch 6. In den Stoßbereichen 8 bilden die aneinander anliegenden Bleche des Kerns 1 ebenfalls eine schräg verlaufende Fuge aus.In the joint areas 7, the metal sheet of the core leg 2 shown is V-shaped at both ends. The sheet metal shown here abuts against sheets of the upper or lower yoke 4, 5, forming a joint. This applies accordingly to the sheets below or above the plane of the drawing. Further joint areas 8 arise between the core legs 3 and 4 and the upper yoke 5 or the lower yoke 6. In the joint areas 8, the metal sheets of the core 1 resting against one another also form an oblique joint.

Zwischen zwei sich parallel zueinander erstreckenden Blechen sind Abstandshalter 9 angeordnet, die aus einem metallischen Material gefertigt sind. Die Abstandshalter 9 des mittleren Kernschenkels 2 sind in dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel als massive Stäbe ausgeführt, wobei sie in dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel im Querschnitt rechteckig ausgestaltet sind. Zwischen den Abstandshaltern 9, die in einer Ebene liegend alle den gleichen Abstand zueinander aufweisen, erstrecken sich Kühlkanäle 10.Spacers 9, which are made of a metallic material, are arranged between two metal sheets extending parallel to one another. The spacers 9 of the central core leg 2 are designed in the illustrated embodiment as solid rods, wherein they are configured in cross section in the embodiment shown rectangular. Cooling channels 10 extend between the spacers 9, which all lie in one plane and are at the same distance from one another.

Die Abstandshalter 9 der Kernschenkel 3 und 4 sind hingegen nicht als durchgängige Stäbe ausgestaltet. Vielmehr sind die Abstandshalter in Gestalt von Klötzen ausgeführt, wobei die einzelnen Klötze nicht miteinander verbunden sind, sondern Querkanäle begrenzen, über welche die in Längsrichtung der Kernschenkel 3,4 parallel zueinander verlaufenden Kühlkanäle 10 miteinander verbunden sind. Die Strömung eines Isolierfluides in diesem Bereich ist durch die Pfeile 11 schematisch verdeutlicht. Die klotzförmige Ausgestaltung der Abstandshalter 9 kann in einer weiteren Ausgestaltung der Erfindung durch den Einsatz eines Drahtgitters oder dergleichen realisiert werden.The spacers 9 of the core legs 3 and 4, however, are not designed as continuous rods. Rather, the spacers are designed in the form of blocks, the individual blocks not being connected to one another, but rather delimiting transverse channels via which the cooling channels 10 running parallel to one another in the longitudinal direction of the core legs 3, 4 are connected to one another. The flow of an insulating fluid in this area is illustrated schematically by the arrows 11. The block-shaped configuration of the spacers 9 can be implemented in a further configuration of the invention by using a wire mesh or the like.

Verlustwärme wird von den Blechen auf das durch die Kühlkanäle 10 fließende Isolierfluid übertragen und kann so effektiv aus dem Kern 1 abtransportiert werden.Heat loss is transferred from the metal sheets to the insulating fluid flowing through the cooling channels 10 and can thus be effectively transported away from the core 1.

Figur 2 verdeutlicht den Aufbau der Blechpakete des Schenkels eines Kerns 1, der sowohl mit erfindungsgemäßen Abstandshaltern 9 als auch mit Abstandshaltern 12 gemäß dem Stand der Technik ausgerüstet ist. In der gegenüber Figur 1 vergrößerten Darstellung des Kerns 1 sind in der unteren Hälfte metallische Abstandshalter 9 gemäß der Erfindung erkennbar, während die Abstandshalter 12 im oberen Teil der Figur 2 gemäß dem Stand der Technik aus einem isolierenden Material gefertigt sind. Dabei sind die Außenflächen der Bleche 13, die einem Kühlkanal 10 zugewandt sind und die gleichzeitig einen Wärmeaustausch mit dem in dem Kühlkanal 10 fließenden Isolierfluid ermöglichen, durch fette Linien dargestellt. Auf diese Weise ist erkennbar, dass die Kühlkanäle 10 im unteren Teil, wo ein metallischer Abstandshalter 9 eingesetzt ist, vollumfänglich von einer wärmeleitenden Begrenzung umgeben sind. Im Gegensatz dazu findet kein Wärmeübergang zwischen den Flachseiten der Abstandshalter 12 und dem Isolierfluid im Kühlkanal 10 statt. Der Wärmeübergang erfolgt bei einem Kern gemäß dem Stand der Technik ausschließlich über die Flachseiten der den Kühlkanal begrenzenden Bleche 13. Somit ist verdeutlicht, dass der Wärmeaustausch im Rahmen der Erfindung verbessert ist. Figure 2 illustrates the structure of the laminated cores of the leg of a core 1, which is equipped both with spacers 9 according to the invention and with spacers 12 according to the prior art. In the opposite Figure 1 Enlarged representation of the core 1, metallic spacers 9 according to the invention can be seen in the lower half, while the spacers 12 in the upper part of FIG Figure 2 are made according to the prior art from an insulating material. The outer surfaces of the metal sheets 13, which face a cooling channel 10 and which at the same time enable a heat exchange with the insulating fluid flowing in the cooling channel 10, are shown by bold lines. In this way it can be seen that the cooling channels 10 in the lower part, where a metallic spacer 9 is inserted, are completely surrounded by a heat-conducting boundary. In contrast to this, there is no heat transfer between the flat sides of the spacers 12 and the insulating fluid in the cooling channel 10. In the case of a core according to the prior art, the heat is transferred exclusively via the flat sides of the metal sheets 13 delimiting the cooling channel. It is thus made clear that that the heat exchange is improved within the scope of the invention.

Weiterhin sind die Abstandshalter 9 des gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiels aus geschichteten magnetisierbaren Blechen 13 gebildet. Im Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Bleche 13 der Abstandshalter 9 in gleicher Schichtrichtung und magnetischer Vorzugsrichtung angeordnet, sowie aus dem gleichen Material ausgeführt wie die den Kühlkanal 10 umgebenden Kernbleche 13.Furthermore, the spacers 9 of the embodiment shown are formed from layered magnetizable metal sheets 13. In the exemplary embodiment, the sheets 13 of the spacers 9 are arranged in the same layer direction and in the preferred magnetic direction, and are made from the same material as the core sheets 13 surrounding the cooling channel 10.

Im dargestellten Kernabschnitt ist demzufolge der magnetisch aktive Querschnitt des Kernes durch die Abstandshalter 9 erhöht. Die Abstandshalter 9 sind daher ertüchtigt, einen Teil des den Kern 1 durchsetzenden Magnetflusses zu übernehmen. Der Füllfaktor des Kernes erhöht sich. Dieser Effekt kann zur Verminderung der maximalen Induktion, beispielsweise zur Senkung der Kerngeräusche oder zur Verminderung des Durchmessers des Kernschenkels genutzt werden.In the core section shown, the magnetically active cross section of the core is increased by the spacers 9. The spacers 9 are therefore made capable of taking over part of the magnetic flux passing through the core 1. The fill factor of the core increases. This effect can be used to reduce the maximum induction, for example to lower the core noise or to reduce the diameter of the core leg.

Figur 3 zeigt den Stoßbereich 7 des erfindungsgemäßen Kerns 1 genauer. Es ist erkennbar, dass in dem Stoßbereich 7 eine Fuge ausgebildet ist, die von mit ihren Kanten aneinander anstoßenden Blechen gebildet ist. Die Fugen der Blechpaare sind von Schicht zu Schicht zueinander versetzt. Dies ist durch die gestrichelte Linie angedeutet, welche eine hinter der Zeichenebene liegende Fuge andeutet. Im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Abstandshalter 9 des Schenkels 2 aus einem geblechten magnetisierbaren Material gefertigt, das eine magnetische Vorzugsrichtung aufweist. Weiterhin erstrecken sich die geblechten magnetisierbaren Abstandshalter 9 in den oberen und unteren Jochbereich. Die magnetische Vorzugsrichtung der Belche 13 des Kernes und die magnetische Vorzugsrichtung der Abstandshalter 9 ist durch Doppelpfeile verdeutlicht. Figure 3 shows the joint area 7 of the core 1 according to the invention in more detail. It can be seen that a joint is formed in the joint area 7, which joint is formed by metal sheets abutting one another with their edges. The joints between the pairs of sheets are offset from one another from layer to layer. This is indicated by the dashed line, which indicates a joint lying behind the plane of the drawing. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the spacers 9 of the leg 2 are made of a laminated magnetizable material that has a preferred magnetic direction. Furthermore, the laminated magnetizable spacers 9 extend into the upper and lower yoke area. The preferred magnetic direction of the sheets 13 of the core and the preferred magnetic direction of the spacers 9 are indicated by double arrows.

Wesentlich in dem gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel ist, dass die Abstandshalter 9 sich winklig durch den Stoßbereich 7 und somit den dort ausgebildeten Fugen erstrecken. Die magnetische Vorzugsrichtung der Abstandshalter 9 und die magnetischen Vorzugsrichtung der geschichteten Bleche 13 des Kerns 1 sind zueinander und zur Fuge so ausgerichtet, dass sich eine vorteilhafte magnetische Flussverteilung in dem Kern 1 einstellt, sobald dieser in einem Transformator oder in einer Drossel eingesetzt wird.It is essential in the exemplary embodiment shown that the spacers 9 extend at an angle through the joint area 7 and thus the joints formed there. The magnetic The preferred direction of the spacers 9 and the preferred magnetic direction of the layered sheets 13 of the core 1 are aligned with one another and with the joint so that an advantageous magnetic flux distribution is established in the core 1 as soon as it is used in a transformer or in a choke.

Abschnitte 9.5 der Abstandshalter 9 welche im Jochbereich 5, aber außerhalb des Stoßbereiches angeordnet sind und demzufolge nicht die Fuge zwischen dem Kernblech des Schenkels und dem Kernblech des Joche überstreichen, sind im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel nicht aus einem magnetisierbaren Material wie Elektroblech sondern aus einem nicht magnetisierbaren metallischen Material gefertigt. Im Ausführungsbeispiel sind die geschichteten Bleche der Abstandshalter 9 durch einen Kleber oder Lack zu leistenförmigen Paketen verbunden.Sections 9.5 of the spacers 9, which are arranged in the yoke area 5, but outside the joint area and therefore do not cover the joint between the core sheet of the leg and the core sheet of the yoke, are not made of a magnetizable material such as electrical steel in the illustrated embodiment, but of a non-magnetizable metallic one Material made. In the exemplary embodiment, the layered metal sheets of the spacers 9 are connected to strip-shaped packets by an adhesive or lacquer.

Figur 4 zeigt den Stoßbereich 8 zwischen dem oberen Joch und dem Schenkel eines Kernes gemäß Figur 1, wobei sich auch hier die Abstandhalter 9 durch den Stoßbereich 8 hindurch erstrecken. Im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel bestehen nur die Abschnitte der Abstandshalter 9, die im Stoßbereich 8 der Kernbleche 13 angeordnet sind, die sich also durch die zwischen Blechen gebildeten Fugen 8.2 erstrecken, aus einem magnetisierbaren Material. Die Bleche 13 des Kernjoches 5,6 und des Kernschenkels 3 weisen zur Senkung der Leerlaufverluste eine magnetische Vorzugsrichtung in Längsrichtung des Bleches auf. An der Fuge 8.2 ergibt sich demzufolge eine Änderung der magnetischen Vorzugsrichtung um einen Winkel von etwa 90 Grad. Figure 4 shows the joint area 8 between the upper yoke and the leg of a core according to FIG Figure 1 , the spacers 9 also extending through the joint area 8 here. In the exemplary embodiment shown, only the sections of the spacers 9 which are arranged in the joint area 8 of the core laminations 13, which therefore extend through the joints 8.2 formed between laminations, are made of a magnetizable material. The sheets 13 of the core yoke 5, 6 and of the core leg 3 have a preferred magnetic direction in the longitudinal direction of the sheet in order to reduce the no-load losses. At the joint 8.2 there is consequently a change in the preferred magnetic direction by an angle of approximately 90 degrees.

Die Abstandshalter 9 im Stoßbereich 8 sind im Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Figur 4 ebenfalls durch geschichtete Bleche ausgebildet, die eine magnetische Vorzugsrichtung aufweisen. Die Vorzugsrichtung erstreckt sich, durch entsprechendes Zuschneiden der Abstandshalter 9, parallel zur langen Schnittkante der Abstandshalter 9 oder mit andern Worten in Längsrichtung der Abstandshalter 9. Die Ausrichtung des so ausgebildeten Abstandshalters 9 erfolgt in einem Winkel zwischen 70° und 110° zur Stoßfuge 8.2. Somit ergibt sich jeweils eine Differenz zwischen den magnetischen Vorzugsrichtungen der Abstandshalter 9 zu den Kernblechen zwischen 25° und 65°. Durch diese Anordnung ist eine gute magnetische Überbrückung der Fugen 8.2, sowie eine vorteilhafte magnetische Flussverteilung im den Kühlkanal umgebenden Kernbereich bereit gestellt.The spacers 9 in the joint area 8 are shown in the exemplary embodiment Figure 4 also formed by layered metal sheets, which have a preferred magnetic direction. The preferred direction extends, by appropriate cutting of the spacers 9, parallel to the long cutting edge of the spacers 9 or in other words in the longitudinal direction of the spacers 9. The alignment of the spacer 9 formed in this way takes place at an angle between 70 ° and 110 ° to the butt joint 8.2. This results in a difference in each case between the preferred magnetic directions of the spacers 9 and the core sheets of between 25 ° and 65 °. This arrangement provides a good magnetic bridging of the joints 8.2 and an advantageous magnetic flux distribution in the core area surrounding the cooling channel.

Durch die Verbindung der äußeren Bereiche von Kern und Schenkel über die im Stoßbereich diagonal angeordneten Abstandshalter kann ein Teil des Magnetflusses einen verkürzten magnetischen Weg nutzen und es kommt zu einer Entlastung des inneren Eckbereiches des Stoßbereiches zwischen Kernschenkel und Kernjoch.By connecting the outer areas of the core and legs via the spacers diagonally arranged in the joint area, part of the magnetic flux can use a shortened magnetic path and the inner corner area of the joint area between the core leg and core yoke is relieved.

Figur 5 zeigt ein weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Kerns 1, das sich von dem in Figur 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel dadurch unterscheidet, dass die Abstandshalter 9 in der gezeigten Querschnittansicht nicht rechtwinklig, sondern rund ausgebildet sind. Die im Querschnitt runden oder kreisförmigen Abstandshalter 9 weisen den Vorteil auf, dass ihre Abmessung unabhängig von der Dimensionierung des Kerns 1 gewählt werden kann, so dass die Herstellungskosten herabgesetzt sind. Figure 5 shows a further embodiment of the core 1 according to the invention, which differs from that in Figure 1 The illustrated embodiment differs in that the spacers 9 in the cross-sectional view shown are not rectangular, but round. The spacers 9, which are round or circular in cross section, have the advantage that their dimensions can be selected independently of the dimensions of the core 1, so that the manufacturing costs are reduced.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel sind die Abstandhalter aus Aluminiumscheiben gebildet.In the exemplary embodiment, the spacers are formed from aluminum disks.

Vorteilhafterweise sind die Abstandshalter 9 einer Ebene, beispielsweise der Ebene 14, versetzt zu den Abstandshaltern 9 der benachbarten Ebene 15 oder 16 angeordnet. Jeder Abstandshalter 9 der Ebene 14 ist daher einer Lücke zwischen Abstandshalter 9 der Ebene 15 oder 16 gegenüberliegend angeordnet. Auf diese Art und Weise kann die Strömung des Isolierfluides verbessert werden, wie durch die Pfeile 11 dargestellt ist.The spacers 9 of one level, for example the level 14, are advantageously arranged offset from the spacers 9 of the adjacent level 15 or 16. Each spacer 9 of plane 14 is therefore arranged opposite a gap between spacers 9 of plane 15 or 16. In this way, the flow of the insulating fluid can be improved, as is shown by the arrows 11.

Figur 6 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel, bei dem die Abstandshalter 9 kreisförmige metallische Abstandssegmente 24 ausbilden. Diese Abstandssegmente 24 sind auf der Oberfläche der Bleche versetzt angeordnet, um eine Verwirbelung der Strömung des Isolierfluides zu erreichen. Die Abstandssegmente 24 sind durch schematisch dargestellte netzförmige Verbindungsstege 25 miteinander verbunden. Diese Verbindungstege 25 weisen eine geringere Höhe als die Abstandssegmente 24 auf, um die Strömung eines Isolierfluids nicht zu behindern. Dadurch entsteht eine Distanzierungsbaugruppe, welche eine einfache Montage ermöglicht. Figure 6 shows an embodiment in which the spacers 9 form circular metallic spacer segments 24. These spacer segments 24 are arranged offset on the surface of the metal sheets in order to achieve turbulence in the flow of the insulating fluid. The spacer segments 24 are connected to one another by means of network-shaped connecting webs 25, shown schematically. These connecting webs 25 have a smaller height than the spacer segments 24 in order not to impede the flow of an insulating fluid. This creates a spacing assembly that enables simple assembly.

Figur 7 zeigt die Schnittdarstellung eines Abstandshalters 9 gemäß der Figur 6. Es ist erkennbar, dass zwischen den Blechen 13 durch die Abstandssegmente 9 ein Kühlkanal 10 gebildet ist. Die Abstandssegmente 24 sind über die Verbindungsstege 25 miteinander verbunden, wobei die Verbindungsstege 25 eine maximale Höhe von 50% der Höhe der Abstandssegmente 9 aufweisen, um die Strömung des Isolierfluids im Kühlkanal 10 nicht zu behindern. Die Verbindungsstege 25 sind hier derart ausgeführt, dass sie zu einer Verwirbelung der Strömung des Isolierfluids beitragen. Figure 7 shows the sectional view of a spacer 9 according to FIG Figure 6 . It can be seen that a cooling channel 10 is formed between the metal sheets 13 by the spacer segments 9. The spacer segments 24 are connected to one another via the connecting webs 25, the connecting webs 25 having a maximum height of 50% of the height of the spacer segments 9 in order not to impede the flow of the insulating fluid in the cooling channel 10. The connecting webs 25 are designed here in such a way that they contribute to a turbulence in the flow of the insulating fluid.

Figuren 8 und 9 zeigen weitere Beispiele eines Abstandhalters 9, der hier durch einen Maschendraht 9.1 und 9.2 realisiert ist. Dieser ist zu geringen Kosten verfügbar und weist auf Grund des verwendeten Runddrahtes 9.1 oder 9.2 keine Kanten oder Spitzen auf, welche die Isolation des Kernbleches 13 beschädigen können. Die Ausführung der Abstandshalter 9 als gewelltes Drahtgeflecht ermöglicht eine hohe Gestaltungsvielfalt und gute Anpassungsmöglichkeiten an die geometrischen Verhältnisse der Kühlkanäle des Kernes. Figures 8 and 9 show further examples of a spacer 9, which is implemented here by a wire mesh 9.1 and 9.2. This is available at low cost and, due to the round wire 9.1 or 9.2 used, has no edges or points that could damage the insulation of the core sheet 13. The design of the spacers 9 as a corrugated wire mesh enables a high degree of design diversity and good adaptation options to the geometrical relationships of the cooling channels of the core.

Figur 10 zeigt ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Kerns 1 in einer geschnittenen Seitenansicht. Es ist erkennbar, dass die metallischen Abstandshalter 9 als massives Bauteil 9 ausgeführt sind, wobei sie sich mit einem Befestigungsabschnitt 17 aus dem Kern 1 heraus erstrecken. Die Abstandshalter 9 und Befestigungsabschnitte 17 sind im Ausführungsbeispiel aus Stahl gefertigt. Der Befestigungsabschnitt 17 ist mit Elementen zur Befestigung von Anschlagmitten zum Heben und Transportieren des Kernes ausgerüstet. Der gepresste Kern 1 ermöglicht eine gute Übertragung der Gewichtskraft des Kernes über die entsprechend ausgebildeten Abstandshalter 9 und die in diese integrierten Befestigungsabschnitte 17. Die nach dem Stand der Technik üblichen Vorrichtungen zur Befestigung der Anschlagmittel an den Jochpressbalken können entfallen. Figure 10 shows an embodiment of the core 1 according to the invention in a sectional side view. It can be seen that the metallic spacers 9 are designed as a solid component 9, with a fastening section 17 extending out of the core 1. The spacers 9 and fastening sections 17 are made of steel in the exemplary embodiment. The fastening section 17 is equipped with elements for attaching stop means for lifting and transporting the core. The pressed core 1 enables a good transmission of the weight of the core via the appropriately designed spacers 9 and the fastening sections 17 integrated into them. The devices customary according to the prior art for fastening the stop means to the yoke press beams can be omitted.

Die Befestigungsabschnitte 17 vergrößern darüber hinaus die Oberfläche der Abstandshalter 9, so dass die Wärmeabfuhr aus dem Kern 1 noch weiter verbessert ist.The fastening sections 17 also enlarge the surface area of the spacers 9, so that the heat dissipation from the core 1 is even further improved.

Weiterhin sind im Ausführungsbeispiel die Abstandshalter 9 des oberen Joches 5 an der Seite, die bei einem Einsatz in einem Transformator einer Hochspannung führenden Wicklung 26 gegenüberliegt, über die Unterkante des oberen Joches 5 verlängert und bilden im Bereich der Überdeckung der Wicklung 26 einen Bogen 18 aus, welcher die nächste äußere Kernstufe des Joches 5 überdeckt. Damit werden im Bereich der Überdeckung der Hochspannungswicklung 26 durch das obere Joch 5 im Hinblick auf die Spannungsfestigkeit kritische Ecken des Kernjoches abgeschirmt.Furthermore, in the exemplary embodiment, the spacers 9 of the upper yoke 5 on the side opposite a high-voltage winding 26 when used in a transformer are extended over the lower edge of the upper yoke 5 and form an arc 18 in the area of the overlap of the winding 26 , which covers the next outer core step of the yoke 5. In this way, in the area where the high-voltage winding 26 is covered by the upper yoke 5, critical corners of the core yoke are shielded with regard to the dielectric strength.

In Figur 11 sind Ausführungsbeispiele für Abstandshalter 9 dargestellt, welche jeweils mit einem Befestigungsabschnitt 17 für das Heben und den Transport des Kerns 1 ertüchtigt sind. In jedem Befestigungsabschnitt 17 ist eine Öse 19 zur Befestigung von Anschlagmittel vorgesehen. Um das Gewicht des Kerns 1 aufzunehmen sind die Abstandshalter 9 und die zugehörigen Befestigungsabschnitte 17 entsprechend massiv ausgeführt. Die dafür erforderliche Breite führt zu einer teilweisen Abdeckung der am Kühlkanal anliegender Flächen der Kernbleche. Um dies zu vermeiden, sind im Ausführungsbeispiel die betroffenen Abstandshalter mit fingerförmigen Stegen ausgestattet, welche Ausnehmungen 20 trennen.In Figure 11 Embodiments of spacers 9 are shown, each of which is equipped with a fastening section 17 for lifting and transporting the core 1. In each fastening section 17 there is an eyelet 19 for fastening attachment means. In order to absorb the weight of the core 1, the spacers 9 and the associated fastening sections 17 are made correspondingly solid. The width required for this leads to a partial covering of the surfaces of the core sheets that lie against the cooling duct. In order to avoid this, in the exemplary embodiment the spacers concerned are equipped with finger-shaped webs which separate recesses 20.

Die fingerförmig angeordneten Stege sind mechanisch so ausgestaltet, dass sie die Gewichtskraft des Kernes 1 aufnehmen können. Dabei begrenzen sie Ausnehmungen 20, die sich kanalförmig beidseitig aus den Jochblechen des Kernes 1 heraus erstrecken und somit den Ein- und Austritt eines Kühlfluides ermöglichen.The webs arranged in the shape of a finger are mechanically designed so that they can absorb the weight of the core 1. In doing so, they delimit recesses 20, which extend in the form of channels on both sides out of the yoke plates of the core 1 and thus enable the entry and exit of a cooling fluid.

Figur 12 zeigt den Einsatz dieser fingerförmigen Abstandselemente 9 in einem Kern 1. Die kanalförmigen Ausnehmungen 20 erstecken sich über die gesamte Höhe der benachbarten Stufe 1.3 des Kernjoches und bilden die Kühlkanäle des Kernes 1. Das in Figur 12 rechts dargestellte Abstandselement 9 ist mit einem Befestigungsabschnitt 17 versehen, welcher den Kern 1 überragt. In dem Befestigungsabschnitt 17 ist eine Öse 19 zum Anbringen von Anschlagmitteln ausgebildet, die den Transport und das Heben des Kerns 1 ermöglicht. Figure 12 shows the use of these finger-shaped spacer elements 9 in a core 1. The channel-shaped recesses 20 extend over the entire height of the adjacent step 1.3 of the core yoke and form the cooling channels of the core 1. The in Figure 12 Spacer element 9 shown on the right is provided with a fastening section 17 which projects beyond core 1. An eyelet 19 for attaching stop means is formed in the fastening section 17 and enables the core 1 to be transported and lifted.

In den Figuren 13 und 14 sind Ausführungsbeispiele des erfindungsgemäßen Kerns 1 dargestellt, in denen der metallische Abstandhalter 9 an seinem Befestigungsabschnitt 17 eine Anschlusshalterung 22 ausbildet. In der in Figur 13 dargestellten Ansicht erstreckt sich die Anschlusshalterung 22 an zwei Abstandshaltern 9 jeweils in horizontaler Richtung. Die gezeigte Anschlusshalterung 22 dient der Befestigung eines Gehäuseteils, beispielsweise eines Deckels 21 eines Transformators.In the Figures 13 and 14th Embodiments of the core 1 according to the invention are shown in which the metallic spacer 9 forms a connection holder 22 on its fastening section 17. In the in Figure 13 The view shown extends the connection holder 22 on two spacers 9 each in the horizontal direction. The connection bracket 22 shown is used to fasten a housing part, for example a cover 21 of a transformer.

In Figur 14 erstreckt sich die Anschlusshalterung jeweils senkrecht, wobei der Deckel 21 Befestigungselemente 23 ausbildet, mit der dieser an der Anschlusshalterung 22 befestigt ist. Weiterhin sind auch hier die Abstandshalter des oberen Joches an ihrer Unterkante in dem Bereich, welcher die Wicklung des Transformators überdeckt, gegenüber der benachbarten Kernstufe verlängert 18 und mit einem Radius welcher größer ist als die Breite des Kühlkanales abgerundet, um die Kernecken der Blechpakete des Joches mit der größten Blechbreite gegenüber der Wicklung elektrisch abzuschirmen.In Figure 14 the connection holder extends vertically in each case, the cover 21 forming fastening elements 23 with which it is fastened to the connection holder 22. Furthermore, the spacers of the upper yoke at their lower edge in the area which covers the winding of the transformer are lengthened 18 compared to the adjacent core stage and rounded with a radius which is greater than the width of the cooling channel around the core corners of the laminated cores of the yoke with the largest sheet width electrically shielded from the winding.

Claims (15)

  1. Core (1) for an electrical induction device having a multiplicity of magnetizable metal sheets (13) which, resting on each other, form a stack of metal sheets, wherein spacers (9) which are arranged between two metal sheets form at least one cooling channel (10), and wherein the spacers (9) are at least partially composed of metal,
    characterized in that
    the spacers (9), on the side thereof which faces the respective metal sheet (13), are provided with an electrically insulating insulation layer.
  2. Core (1) according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the spacers (9) are at least partially formed of a magnetizable material, and are in particular formed of layered magnetizable metal sheets.
  3. Core (1) according to Claim 2,
    characterized in that
    the magnetizable material has a preferred direction of magnetization.
  4. Core (1) according to one of Claims 3,
    characterized in that
    the preferred direction of magnetization and a joint (8.2) formed between the core metal sheets (13) of a limb (2, 3, 4) and an upper yoke and a lower yoke (6) form an angle between 70 degrees and 110 degrees.
  5. Core (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the spacers (9) have at least one spring element.
  6. Core (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the spacers (9) are formed from an expanded metal mesh or a wire mesh.
  7. Core (1) according to Claim 6,
    characterized in that
    the expanded metal mesh or wire mesh is secured in an elastically bent position in a stack of metal sheets.
  8. Core (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the spacers (9) project out of the core (1) by way of a fixing section (17).
  9. Core (1) according to Claim 8,
    characterized in that
    the fixing section (17) forms a hook or an eye (19) for the fixing or lifting of the core (1).
  10. Core (1) according to Claim 8 or 9,
    characterized in that
    the fixing section (17) forms a connection bracket (22) for fixing to the electrical induction device.
  11. Core (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that,
    in a cross-sectional view, the spacers (9) in a first plane (14) are arranged in an offset manner in relation to the spacers (9) in a second plane (15, 16) which runs parallel to the first plane (14).
  12. Core (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the spacers (9) are at least partially configured as hollow profiles.
  13. Core (1) according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the spacers (9) have a multiplicity of mutually spaced spacer segments (9) which are connected to one another by means of connecting webs (25), wherein the height of the connecting webs corresponds to no more than 50% of the height of the spacer segments.
  14. Core (1) according to one of Claims 2 to 4,
    characterized in that
    the spacers (9) have an inner region of a non-magnetic metallic material.
  15. Core (1) according to one of Claims 7 to 10,
    characterized in that the spacers (9) of the upper yoke (5), on the side which, in the case of an application in a transformer, is opposite a winding (26) which carries high voltage, are extended beyond the lower edge of the yoke (5) and, in the region of overlap with the yoke (5), form an arch (18) over the winding (26), which partially covers the yoke (5).
EP17791956.0A 2016-11-09 2017-10-10 Core for an electrical induction device Active EP3510607B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016221992.8A DE102016221992A1 (en) 2016-11-09 2016-11-09 Core for an electrical induction device
PCT/EP2017/075720 WO2018086810A1 (en) 2016-11-09 2017-10-10 Core for an electrical induction device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3510607A1 EP3510607A1 (en) 2019-07-17
EP3510607B1 true EP3510607B1 (en) 2020-09-16

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17791956.0A Active EP3510607B1 (en) 2016-11-09 2017-10-10 Core for an electrical induction device

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US11404196B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3510607B1 (en)
CN (1) CN109923626B (en)
DE (1) DE102016221992A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2018086810A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1769871A (en) * 1929-10-21 1930-07-01 Gen Electric Electrical induction apparatus
US3183461A (en) 1962-02-05 1965-05-11 Westinghouse Electric Corp Magnetic core structure with cooling passages therein
JPS55156312A (en) * 1979-05-25 1980-12-05 Hitachi Ltd Iron core for transformer
SE421570B (en) 1980-05-21 1982-01-04 Asea Ab WITH ISOLERATED COOL BAND WINDING FOR A TRANSFORMER OR REACTOR
JPS62140710A (en) * 1985-12-17 1987-06-24 Honda Motor Co Ltd Clutch operating cylinder of spindle for machine tool
JPS62244113A (en) * 1986-04-17 1987-10-24 Toshiba Corp Separate type foil-wound transformer core
DE3632439A1 (en) * 1986-09-24 1988-03-31 Siemens Ag TRANSFORMER OR THROTTLE COIL
US9287030B2 (en) * 2011-05-26 2016-03-15 Franc Zajc Multi gap inductor core
US9524820B2 (en) * 2012-11-13 2016-12-20 Raytheon Company Apparatus and method for thermal management of magnetic devices
CN103854829A (en) * 2014-02-25 2014-06-11 广东明路电力电子有限公司 Heat radiation type reactor
CN103904836B (en) * 2014-03-07 2016-08-17 江苏通达动力科技股份有限公司 The stack-press device of a kind of direct-drive permanent-magnetism electricity generator stator core and laminating method thereof
CN105280354A (en) * 2015-09-30 2016-01-27 江苏华辰变压器有限公司 Transformer with rectangular section iron core
CN105810407A (en) * 2016-05-23 2016-07-27 江苏中容科技有限公司 Transformer core
CN107316735A (en) * 2016-06-29 2017-11-03 施三武 A kind of special distribution transformer of electric automobile

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US11404196B2 (en) 2022-08-02
CN109923626A (en) 2019-06-21
CN109923626B (en) 2021-06-04
EP3510607A1 (en) 2019-07-17
US20200058433A1 (en) 2020-02-20
DE102016221992A1 (en) 2018-05-09
WO2018086810A1 (en) 2018-05-17

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