EP3510449A1 - Escapement mechanism - Google Patents

Escapement mechanism

Info

Publication number
EP3510449A1
EP3510449A1 EP17761283.5A EP17761283A EP3510449A1 EP 3510449 A1 EP3510449 A1 EP 3510449A1 EP 17761283 A EP17761283 A EP 17761283A EP 3510449 A1 EP3510449 A1 EP 3510449A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wheel
release
oscillator
exhaust mechanism
mechanism according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17761283.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3510449B1 (en
Inventor
Dominique Renaud
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Freymond Eric
Original Assignee
Dominique Renaud SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Dominique Renaud SA filed Critical Dominique Renaud SA
Publication of EP3510449A1 publication Critical patent/EP3510449A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3510449B1 publication Critical patent/EP3510449B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/06—Free escapements
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of watchmaking. It concerns an escape mechanism and, more particularly, a free escape mechanism with direct impulses.
  • the exhaust is an essential part of mechanical watch movements. It is usually placed between a cog and an oscillator.
  • the train transmits to the exhaust a torque coming from the energy source, which maintains and counts oscillations of the oscillator.
  • the relaxation exhaust is the one of the two which has the best energy efficiency.
  • Various examples of expansion exhausts are for example described in documents CH 704 151 B1, EP 1 538 491 A1 or EP 1 710 636 A1.
  • detent escapements are sensitive to high acceleration and shock with significant risks of galloping and tripping. As a result, the detent escapement is not widespread because it supports to be worn and difficult to mate with the high frequency oscillators, which tend today to prevail because of their better accuracy.
  • the anchor escapement does not know these risks but has the disadvantage of a higher energy consumption due to more shocks, inertia and greater friction at the anchor.
  • the present invention aims to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks by providing an exhaust that is compatible with strong accelerations of a high-frequency oscillator and the constraints of wrist-carrying while maintaining low power consumption. Disclosure of the invention
  • the invention relates to a free escapement mechanism blow for timepiece as defined in claim 1, said timepiece comprising:
  • a gear train intended to be driven by a drive member and comprising a mobile gear wheel movable in rotation about an axis of rotation and arranged in kinematic connection with at least one escape wheel of the exhaust mechanism, an oscillator adapted to receive a pulse of said escape wheel to maintain its oscillations.
  • the escape mechanism of the invention further comprises:
  • a release wheel arranged to co-operate in rotation with the escape wheel and to move, during a disengagement phase, under a pulse of the oscillator, between an engagement position in which the advance of the gear train is blocked and a release position in which the advance of the gear train is free, and
  • a unidirectional drive device of the disengagement movable arranged to transmit said pulse of the oscillator to the disengagement movable from the engagement position to the disengagement position.
  • the escapement mechanism of the invention is designed such that the release mobile and the unidirectional drive device are arranged to cooperate with means configured to accumulate a portion of the energy supplied by a pulse of the oscillator during the release of the disengagement mobile on the one hand and to restore it in the form of an acceleration of the escape wheel during a transmission by the escape wheel of a pulse to the oscillator on the other hand.
  • the dependent claims provide other particular features of the exhaust mechanism of the invention.
  • the release mobile and the cog wheel are arranged relative to each other so that there is a draw or negative between the two.
  • the cog wheel and the disengagement wheel are arranged so that said portion of energy transmitted by the oscillator during the disengagement phase is accumulated in elastic form before contributing to the acceleration. of said escape wheel.
  • the escape mechanism comprises a positioning stop adapted to position the release member in the engagement position, said stop being optionally fixed with reference to the axis of rotation of the mobile. clearance.
  • the axes of rotation of the cog wheel, the escape wheel and the disengagement wheel are parallel and coplanar.
  • the oscillator is rotatable about an axis and in that the axes of rotation of the oscillator, the cog wheel, the escape wheel and the release mobile. are parallel and coplanar when the engagement mobile is in the engagement position.
  • the unidirectional drive device comprises a plurality of flexible blades each arranged in abutment on a ratchet stop, said flexible blades and ratchet stops being arranged radially in a regular angular distribution.
  • the unidirectional drive device is integral with the release mobile or the oscillator.
  • the release mobile is coaxial with the escape wheel.
  • the exhaust mechanism comprises an elastic member, in particular a return spring, mounted between the release wheel and the escape wheel, and which tends to bring the mobile clearance in its engagement position, preferably against the positioning stop in the engagement position.
  • the release mobile has idle pins, in that the cog wheel has rest pins, in that the trajectories of the rest pins and rest pins are intersecting and in that the mechanism is arranged so that the resting studs meet the rest pins by causing the stop of the gear train when the engagement wheel is in the engagement position.
  • the unidirectional drive device is integral with the escape wheel.
  • the escape wheel is mounted movably on the release wheel and the escape wheel has rest teeth intended to bear against a fixed rest pallet with reference to the frame of the d-piece. watchmaking.
  • the mobile release is also advantageously consists of a rocker pivoted on the axis of the moving wheel.
  • FIGS. 1 to 6 show a first embodiment of a turboexhaust escapement mechanism according to the invention
  • FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of the first embodiment
  • FIGS. 2 to 6 provide chronological views of the assembly of Figure 1, at different stages of its operation
  • FIG. 7 represents a perspective view of a second embodiment of the invention
  • Figures 8 to 12 provide chronological views of the assembly of Figure 7, at different stages of its operation.
  • the springs of the trigger rockers are designed to exert a low restoring force.
  • the increase in this restoring force would reduce the impact sensitivity and support high frequencies by accelerating the return of the rocker in its rest position but would have the disadvantage of increasing the energy consumption during the release.
  • the present invention implements a particular escape mechanism in which one seeks to recover the energy necessary for the release rather than to reduce it. Like any escapement trigger, this mechanism has a single rest position, the release and the impulse occur alternately out of two, the other being a lost shot.
  • FIG. 1 A first embodiment of an exhaust mechanism according to the invention is shown in Figures 1 to 6.
  • the mechanism comprises a cog wheel 1 kinematically connected to an escape wheel 2 and forming with it a gear driven by a motor member not shown, typically a cylinder.
  • the escape wheel comprises pulse teeth 3 for periodically giving a pulse to an oscillator here taking the form of a rocker of which only the plate 4 and the pin 5 are shown.
  • the moving wheel 1 comprises resting studs 6 arranged in a circle at the end of radially extending arm.
  • the exhaust mechanism further comprises a release wheel 7 in the form of a wheel pivoted on the same axis as the wheel exhaust.
  • the release mobile 7 comprises idle pins 8 and a unidirectional drive device formed by flexible blades 9 extending radially and bearing against ratchet stops 10 in their rest position.
  • the ratchet stops 10 are adjacent to the rest pins but could be otherwise as will be discussed later.
  • the angular amplitude of the rotation of the disengagement wheel 7 with respect to the escape wheel 2 is limited by a positioning abutment 1 1 secured to the disengagement wheel 7.
  • a return spring 12 disposed between the escape wheel 2 and the release member 7 tends to bring the release member 7 into an angular position defined with reference to the escape wheel 2.
  • FIG. 2 represents the exhaust mechanism at rest, the rocker having just traveled freely through the supplementary arc and the pin 5 preparing to come into contact with a flexible blade 9 of the release mobile 7.
  • the wheel is at the stopping, a rest pin 6 of the wheelhouse being in abutment against a rest pin 8 of the disengagement wheel 7.
  • FIG. 3 shows the escape mechanism during the disengagement phase during which the disengaging wheel 7 moves from an engagement position to a disengagement position under the impulse of the beam transmitted by means of the blade.
  • flexible 9. The flexible blade 9 is in abutment against the pawl stopper 10 by forming a pawl mechanism so that the pulse of the balance causes the rotation of the disengagement device 7 in the counterclockwise direction as shown in the figures.
  • the bearing surfaces of the rest pin 6 and the rest pin 8 slide against each other.
  • the contact surfaces of the rest pins 8 are circular base cylinder portions coaxial with the pivot axis of the disengagement wheel 7 so that the disengagement of the disengagement wheel 7 does not cause in advance This configuration corresponds to a draw angle of zero.
  • the surface of the idler pins could have a positive pulling angle to secure the locking of the release wheel 7 or on the contrary a negative draft angle to facilitate its release.
  • the wheel set 1 is impeded in its rotation and does not transmit engine torque to the escape wheel 2 which remains in its waiting position .
  • the release wheel 7 pivots with reference to the escape wheel 2 and the return spring 12 accumulates, in elastic form, kinetic energy from the beam.
  • the flexible arms 9 and the rest pins 8 are arranged radially in a regular angular distribution so that the release member 7 is balanced on its axis of rotation and, therefore, insensitive to accelerations suffered by the timepiece. Furthermore, the return spring 12 tends to keep the release member 7 abuts against the escape wheel 2 in its engagement position. Thus it is not necessary to provide a positive draft angle to further secure the release mobile 7 which minimizes the disturbances caused to the oscillator during release.
  • Figure 4 shows the escape mechanism in the pulse phase.
  • FIG. 5 shows the escape mechanism at the end of the impulse phase and immediately before the stoppage of the wheelwork caused by the meeting of a resting stud 6 with a rest pin 8.
  • Circular trajectories resting studs and idlers are secant and the mechanism is arranged for a stud 6 meets a pin 8 when the release mobile 7 is in the engagement position, that is to say when the wheel exhaust 2 has caught the release mobile 7, the positioning abutment 1 1 bears against the escape wheel 2. Therefore, the advance of the train is limited when the release mobile is in the engagement position .
  • Figure 6 shows the exhaust mechanism at rest at the time of the blow lost during the next alternation.
  • the rocker pivots counterclockwise and the pin 5 spreads the flexible arm 9 without rotating the release member 7.
  • the flexible blade 9 constitutes with the ratchet stop 10 a ratchet-type unidirectional drive system.
  • the back of the pulse teeth has a circular profile matching the shape of the balance plate to prevent accidental recoil of the escape wheel while the pendulum traverses the additional arc.
  • the wheel is driven by a dual motor: the motor that propels the wheel in a conventional manner, and the return spring 12 which tows the escape wheel 2 when it starts.
  • the action of the return spring 12 is more effective than it is fixed on the release mobile 7 which is itself rotated by the oscillator.
  • a portion of the energy contributing to the acceleration of the train comes from the oscillator which goes against the generally accepted idea that we must avoid braking the oscillator so as not to disturb its isochronism and limit consumption energy.
  • the transfer of energy from the oscillator to the wheel is optimized thanks to movable release 7 and the return spring 12 which acts as a damper and limits the loss of energy at the time of impact of the ankle on the flexible arm.
  • the acceleration of the wheel is therefore given smoothly but as it is stronger than that which would be given by a single drive member, the time required for the escape wheel 2 to catch the pin 5 of the balance is reduced.
  • the device can operate at higher frequencies but also that the pulse angle traveled by the pendulum in the pulse phase is greater.
  • the stop of the gear is caused by the meeting of two movable elements with reference to the frame, kinematically linked in a discontinuous manner.
  • the release mobile pivots always in the same direction which is also that of the given pulse by the oscillator as well as that of the displacement of the escape wheel.
  • the energy accumulated in elastic form at each release in the return spring is restored when starting the escape wheel.
  • the recovery of a part of the energy taken from the oscillator in the release phase characterizes a new type of exhaust that can be designated by the term "turbo-relaxation", which presents interesting performances. in terms of energy efficiency as well as frequency and dependability.
  • the balance plate comprises a peg which makes the release and a pulse pad, separate from the peg, arranged to receive the impulse of the escape wheel.
  • the respective angular and radial positions of the ankle and the pallet with respect to the axis of the balance define the beginning of the release and momentum phases and the angular clearance and pulse speeds.
  • the angular velocity of the escape wheel is higher than the speed reached by the escape wheel at the beginning of the pulse.
  • the mechanism of Exhaust according to the invention can be arranged in such a way that the kinetic energy acquired by the disengaging wheel during the disengagement phase is at least partially restored and contributes to the acceleration of the wheel.
  • the unidirectional driving device could be placed on the oscillator.
  • the release mobile could be connected to the escape wheel by flexible elements.
  • the release movement of the release mobile under the action of the oscillator could be likened to a rotation or any other path adapted to the release of the rest pins.
  • These same flexible elements could also play the role of recall spring.
  • Figures 7 to 12 show a second embodiment of an exhaust mechanism according to the invention.
  • a cogwheel formed of a cogwheel 1 and an escapement wheel 2 kinematically connected to each other and a rocker of which the plate 4 provided with his ankle 5.
  • the mechanism also comprises a unidirectional drive device consisting of a plurality of flexible blades 9 abutting on ratchet stops 10.
  • the unidirectional drive device is here mounted integral with the escape wheel 2.
  • the wheel exhaust is not pivoted on the frame of the timepiece but on the release mobile 7 which here takes the form of a rocker pivoted on the same axis as the mobile wheel 1.
  • the mechanism also comprises a positioning stop 1 1 able to position the release member 7 in an engagement position in which the rotation of the escape wheel is limited.
  • a positioning stop 1 1 able to position the release member 7 in an engagement position in which the rotation of the escape wheel is limited.
  • Figure 9 shows the escape mechanism in the disengagement phase.
  • the plate pin 5 has hit a flexible blade 9 resting on a pawl stop 10.
  • the rotation of the escape wheel 2 being hampered by the pallet rest 13, it is composed of the release mobile 7 , the escape wheel 2 and the moving wheel 1 which is rotated in the counterclockwise direction about the pivot axis of the wheelhouse.
  • the retreat of the gear train in the disengagement phase causes the re-arming of the motor unit so that the energy supplied by the oscillator during the release is stored in elastic form by the motor member before being restored to propel the wheel.
  • the escape wheel 2 and the wheel are released.
  • the train accelerates and the release wheel 7 returns to its position of engagement against the positioning stop 1 1.
  • the rest plane of the pallet of rest is preferably an orthoradial plane with reference to the axis of rotation of the disengagement wheel which corresponds to a zero draw angle.
  • the rest plane may have a different inclination or a non-rectilinear profile.
  • FIG. 10 shows the escape mechanism in the impulse phase after the release mobile 7 has returned to its position of engagement in abutment against the positioning stop 1 1 and a pulse tooth 3 of the escape wheel 2 has caught the peg 5 of the pendulum.
  • Figure 1 1 shows the mechanism at the end of the impulse phase and just before the stoppage of the gear caused by the meeting of the next impulse tooth 3 with the pallet rest 13.
  • Figure 12 shows the mechanism at rest during the blow lost the return of the balance at the time of passage of the pawl.
  • the energy provided by the oscillator during the release is at least partially restored to drive the gear train.
  • this second embodiment directly uses the drive member to temporarily store, in elastic form, the energy from the oscillator during the release. It is also the driving force that keeps the release mobile 7 in the engagement position. Note that in the exhausts of the prior art, the gear back slightly back on release when the draft angle is positive, this provision for the purpose of securing the trigger and not to recover energy.
  • the unidirectional drive device could comprise only one pawl and be integral with the release mobile or the oscillator.
  • the release and impulse functions could be provided by separate teeth on the escape wheel and by separate palettes on the oscillator.
  • the escape mobile could be translated rather than rotated. It could also be connected to the frame by a flexible element.
  • the release mobile could comprise a counterweight so that the moving assembly that it composes with the escape wheel is balanced on its axis of rotation.
  • the mechanism could comprise a second stop for limiting the amplitude of the movement of the disengagement wheel and a return spring to accelerate the return of the disengagement wheel in its engagement position.
  • the mechanism could also include a safety device that would limit the movement of the disengagement wheel in the free oscillation phases of the oscillator.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Transmission Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a free coup perdu escapement mechanism for a timepiece, comprising: - a wheel train, intended to be driven by a motor element and comprising a wheel train mobile (1) and an escapement wheel (2), rotating together about a respective axis of rotation, - an oscillator capable of receiving a pulse from the escapement wheel (2) in order to maintain the oscillations of same. This mechanism further comprises: - a disengagement mobile (7) designed to interact in rotation with the escapement wheel and to move, during a disengagement phase, under an oscillator pulse, between an engaged position in which the advance of the wheel train is blocked and a disengaged position in which the advance of the wheel train is free, and - a unidirectional drive device of the disengagement mobile (7) designed to transmit said oscillator pulse to the disengagement mobile (7) in order to cause it to pass from the engaged position to the disengaged position, in such a way that a portion of the energy supplied by an oscillator pulse during disengagement of the disengagement mobile (7), contributes to the acceleration of the wheel train.

Description

MECANISME D'ECHAPPEMENT  EXHAUST MECHANISM
Domaine technique Technical area
[0001] La présente invention se rapporte au domaine de l'horlogerie. Elle concerne, un mécanisme d'échappement et, plus particulièrement, un mécanisme d'échappement libre à impulsions directes. The present invention relates to the field of watchmaking. It concerns an escape mechanism and, more particularly, a free escape mechanism with direct impulses.
Etat de la technique State of the art
[0002] L'échappement est une partie essentielle des mouvements d'horlogerie mécanique. Il est généralement placé entre un rouage et un oscillateur. Le rouage transmet à l'échappement un couple provenant de la source d'énergie, qui entretient et compte les oscillations de l'oscillateur. The exhaust is an essential part of mechanical watch movements. It is usually placed between a cog and an oscillator. The train transmits to the exhaust a torque coming from the energy source, which maintains and counts oscillations of the oscillator.
[0003] Il existe principalement deux types d'échappement libre, les échappements à ancre à impulsions indirectes qui possèdent deux positions de repos et les échappements à détente à impulsions directes qui n'ont qu'une seule position de repos et un coup perdu.  [0003] There are mainly two types of free escapement, the indirect pulse anchor escapements which have two rest positions and the direct pulse expansion exhausts which have only one rest position and a lost blow.
[0004] L'échappement à détente est celui des deux qui a le meilleur rendement énergétique. Différents exemples d'échappements à détente sont par exemple décrits dans les documents CH 704 151 B1 , EP 1 538 491 A1 our encore EP 1 710 636 A1. Toutefois, les échappements à détente sont sensibles aux fortes accélérations et aux chocs avec des risques importants de galop et de trébuchement. Il en résulte que l'échappement à détente est peu répandu car il supporte mal d'être porté et s'accouple difficilement avec les oscillateurs à fréquence élevée, qui tendent aujourd'hui à s'imposer en raison de leur meilleure précision.  The relaxation exhaust is the one of the two which has the best energy efficiency. Various examples of expansion exhausts are for example described in documents CH 704 151 B1, EP 1 538 491 A1 or EP 1 710 636 A1. However, detent escapements are sensitive to high acceleration and shock with significant risks of galloping and tripping. As a result, the detent escapement is not widespread because it supports to be worn and difficult to mate with the high frequency oscillators, which tend today to prevail because of their better accuracy.
[0005] L'échappement à ancre ne connaît pas ces risques mais présente comme inconvénient une consommation énergétique plus élevée à cause des chocs plus nombreux, de l'inertie et des frottements plus importants au niveau de l'ancre.  The anchor escapement does not know these risks but has the disadvantage of a higher energy consumption due to more shocks, inertia and greater friction at the anchor.
[0006] La présente invention a pour but de remédier aux inconvénients précités en proposant un échappement qui soit compatible avec les fortes accélérations d'un oscillateur à fréquence élevée et aux contraintes d'un portage au poignet tout en conservant une faible consommation d'énergie. Divulguation de l'invention The present invention aims to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks by providing an exhaust that is compatible with strong accelerations of a high-frequency oscillator and the constraints of wrist-carrying while maintaining low power consumption. Disclosure of the invention
[0007] L'invention concerne un mécanisme d'échappement libre à coup perdu pour pièce d'horlogerie tel que défini à la revendication 1 , ladite pièce d'horlogerie comportant : The invention relates to a free escapement mechanism blow for timepiece as defined in claim 1, said timepiece comprising:
un rouage destiné à être entraîné par un organe moteur et comportant un mobile de rouage mobile en rotation autour d'un axe de rotation et agencé en liaison cinématique avec au moins une roue d'échappement du mécanisme d'échappement, un oscillateur apte à recevoir une impulsion de ladite roue d'échappement afin d'entretenir ses oscillations.  a gear train intended to be driven by a drive member and comprising a mobile gear wheel movable in rotation about an axis of rotation and arranged in kinematic connection with at least one escape wheel of the exhaust mechanism, an oscillator adapted to receive a pulse of said escape wheel to maintain its oscillations.
[0008] Le mécanisme d'échappement de l'invention comporte en outre : The escape mechanism of the invention further comprises:
un mobile de dégagement agencé pour coopérer en rotation avec la roue d'échappement et se déplacer, lors d'une phase de dégagement, sous une impulsion de l'oscillateur, entre une position d'engagement dans laquelle l'avance du rouage est bloquée et une position de dégagement dans laquelle l'avance du rouage est libre, et  a release wheel arranged to co-operate in rotation with the escape wheel and to move, during a disengagement phase, under a pulse of the oscillator, between an engagement position in which the advance of the gear train is blocked and a release position in which the advance of the gear train is free, and
un dispositif d'entraînement unidirectionnel du mobile de dégagement agencé pour transmettre ladite impulsion de l'oscillateur au mobile de dégagement pour le faire passer de la position d'engagement à la position de dégagement.  a unidirectional drive device of the disengagement movable arranged to transmit said pulse of the oscillator to the disengagement movable from the engagement position to the disengagement position.
[0009] De façon caractéristique, le mécanisme d'échappement de l'invention est conçu de telle sorte que le mobile de dégagement et le dispositif d'entraînement unidirectionnel sont agencés pour coopérer avec des moyens configurés pour accumuler qu'une portion de l'énergie fournie par une impulsion de l'oscillateur lors du dégagement du mobile de dégagement d'une part et pour la restituer sous la forme d'une accélération de la roue d'échappement lors d'une transmission par la roue d'échappement d'une impulsion à l'oscillateur d'autre part. [0010] Les revendications dépendantes proposent d'autres caractéristiques particulières du mécanisme d'échappement de l'invention. [0009] Typically, the escapement mechanism of the invention is designed such that the release mobile and the unidirectional drive device are arranged to cooperate with means configured to accumulate a portion of the energy supplied by a pulse of the oscillator during the release of the disengagement mobile on the one hand and to restore it in the form of an acceleration of the escape wheel during a transmission by the escape wheel of a pulse to the oscillator on the other hand. The dependent claims provide other particular features of the exhaust mechanism of the invention.
[001 1] Ainsi, dans une forme de réalisation, le mobile de dégagement et le mobile de rouage sont agencés l'un par rapport à l'autre de telle sorte qu'il existe un tirage nul ou négatif entre les deux.  [001 1] Thus, in one embodiment, the release mobile and the cog wheel are arranged relative to each other so that there is a draw or negative between the two.
[0012] Selon un mode de réalisation, le mobile de rouage et le mobile de dégagement sont agencés pour que ladite portion d'énergie transmise par l'oscillateur lors de la phase de dégagement soit accumulée sous forme élastique avant de contribuer à l'accélération de ladite roue d'échappement.  According to one embodiment, the cog wheel and the disengagement wheel are arranged so that said portion of energy transmitted by the oscillator during the disengagement phase is accumulated in elastic form before contributing to the acceleration. of said escape wheel.
[0013] Selon un mode de réalisation, le mécanisme d'échappement comporte une butée de positionnement apte à positionner le mobile de dégagement dans la position d'engagement, ladite butée étant le cas échéant fixe en référence à l'axe de rotation du mobile de dégagement.  According to one embodiment, the escape mechanism comprises a positioning stop adapted to position the release member in the engagement position, said stop being optionally fixed with reference to the axis of rotation of the mobile. clearance.
[0014] Selon un mode de réalisation, les axes de rotation du mobile de rouage, de la roue d'échappement et du mobile de dégagement sont parallèles et coplanaires.  According to one embodiment, the axes of rotation of the cog wheel, the escape wheel and the disengagement wheel are parallel and coplanar.
[0015] Selon un mode de réalisation, l'oscillateur est mobile en rotation autour d'un axe et en ce que les axes de rotation de l'oscillateur, du mobile de rouage, de la roue d'échappement et du mobile de dégagement sont parallèles et coplanaires lorsque le mobile d'engagement est dans la position d'engagement.  According to one embodiment, the oscillator is rotatable about an axis and in that the axes of rotation of the oscillator, the cog wheel, the escape wheel and the release mobile. are parallel and coplanar when the engagement mobile is in the engagement position.
[0016] Selon un mode de réalisation, le dispositif d'entraînement unidirectionnel comporte une pluralité de lames flexibles agencées chacune en appui sur une butée de cliquets, lesdites lames flexibles et butées de cliquet étant disposées de façon radiale selon une répartition angulaire régulière.  According to one embodiment, the unidirectional drive device comprises a plurality of flexible blades each arranged in abutment on a ratchet stop, said flexible blades and ratchet stops being arranged radially in a regular angular distribution.
[0017] Selon des modes de réalisation, le dispositif d'entraînement unidirectionnel est solidaire du mobile de dégagement ou de l'oscillateur.  According to embodiments, the unidirectional drive device is integral with the release mobile or the oscillator.
[0018] Dans un mode particulier de réalisation, le mobile de dégagement est coaxial avec la roue d'échappement.  In a particular embodiment, the release mobile is coaxial with the escape wheel.
[0019] Selon un mode de réalisation, le mécanisme d'échappement comporte un organe élastique, en particulier un ressort de rappel, monté entre le mobile de dégagement et la roue d'échappement, et qui tend à ramener le mobile de dégagement dans sa position d'engagement, de préférence contre la butée de positionnement dans la position d'engagement. According to one embodiment, the exhaust mechanism comprises an elastic member, in particular a return spring, mounted between the release wheel and the escape wheel, and which tends to bring the mobile clearance in its engagement position, preferably against the positioning stop in the engagement position.
[0020] Dans une forme de réalisation particulière, le mobile de dégagement comporte des chevilles de repos, en ce que le mobile de rouage comporte des plots de repos, en ce que les trajectoires des plots de repos et des chevilles de repos sont sécantes et en ce que le mécanisme est agencé pour que les plots de repos rencontrent les goupilles de repos en provocant l'arrêt du rouage lorsque le mobile d'engagement est dans la position d'engagement. In a particular embodiment, the release mobile has idle pins, in that the cog wheel has rest pins, in that the trajectories of the rest pins and rest pins are intersecting and in that the mechanism is arranged so that the resting studs meet the rest pins by causing the stop of the gear train when the engagement wheel is in the engagement position.
[0021] Dans une variante de réalisation, le dispositif d'entraînement unidirectionnel est solidaire de la roue d'échappement.  In an alternative embodiment, the unidirectional drive device is integral with the escape wheel.
[0022] Avantageusement dans ce cas la roue d'échappement est montée mobile sur le mobile de dégagement et la roue d'échappement comporte des dents de repos destinés à venir en appui contre une palette de repos fixe en référence au bâti de la pièce d'horlogerie. Advantageously, in this case the escape wheel is mounted movably on the release wheel and the escape wheel has rest teeth intended to bear against a fixed rest pallet with reference to the frame of the d-piece. watchmaking.
[0023] Dans cette variante de réalisation toujours le mobile de dégagement est par ailleurs avantageusement constitué d'une bascule pivotée sur l'axe du mobile de rouage. In this embodiment still the mobile release is also advantageously consists of a rocker pivoted on the axis of the moving wheel.
Brève description des dessins Brief description of the drawings
[0024] D'autres détails de l'invention apparaîtront plus clairement à la lecture de la description qui suit, faite en référence au dessin annexé dans lequel : Other details of the invention will appear more clearly on reading the description which follows, made with reference to the accompanying drawing in which:
les figures 1 à 6 représentent un premier mode de réalisation d'un mécanisme d'échappement à turbo détente selon l'invention,  FIGS. 1 to 6 show a first embodiment of a turboexhaust escapement mechanism according to the invention,
la figure 1 représente une vue en perspective du premier mode de réalisation,  FIG. 1 represents a perspective view of the first embodiment,
les figures 2 à 6 proposent des vues chronologiques de l'ensemble de la figure 1 , à différentes étapes de son fonctionnement,  Figures 2 to 6 provide chronological views of the assembly of Figure 1, at different stages of its operation,
la figure 7 représente une vue en perspective d'un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention, les figures 8 à 12 proposent des vues chronologiques de l'ensemble de la figure 7, à différentes étapes de son fonctionnement. FIG. 7 represents a perspective view of a second embodiment of the invention, Figures 8 to 12 provide chronological views of the assembly of Figure 7, at different stages of its operation.
Mode de réalisation de l'invention Embodiment of the invention
[0025] Afin de réduire l'énergie perdue lors du dégagement et de perturber le moins possible l'isochronisme de l'oscillateur, les ressorts des bascules de détente sont conçus pour exercer une faible force de rappel. L'augmentation de cette force de rappel permettrait de réduire la sensibilité au choc et de supporter des fréquences élevées en accélérant le retour de la bascule dans sa position de repos mais aurait pour inconvénient d'accroître la consommation d'énergie lors du dégagement. D'une façon originale, la présente invention met en œuvre un mécanisme d'échappement particulier dans lequel on cherche à récupérer l'énergie nécessaire au dégagement plutôt qu'à la réduire. Comme tout échappement à détente, ce mécanisme possède une seule position de repos, le dégagement et l'impulsion s'effectuent une alternance sur deux, l'autre étant un coup perdu. In order to reduce the energy lost during the release and to disturb as little as possible the isochronism of the oscillator, the springs of the trigger rockers are designed to exert a low restoring force. The increase in this restoring force would reduce the impact sensitivity and support high frequencies by accelerating the return of the rocker in its rest position but would have the disadvantage of increasing the energy consumption during the release. In an original way, the present invention implements a particular escape mechanism in which one seeks to recover the energy necessary for the release rather than to reduce it. Like any escapement trigger, this mechanism has a single rest position, the release and the impulse occur alternately out of two, the other being a lost shot.
[0026] On notera que les figures servent simplement à illustrer les principes de fonctionnement de l'invention. L'homme du métier saura dimensionner les différents éléments de façon à conférer au mécanisme les performances désirées.  Note that the figures are merely to illustrate the operating principles of the invention. Those skilled in the art will know how to size the different elements so as to give the mechanism the desired performance.
[0027] Un premier mode de réalisation d'un mécanisme d'échappement selon l'invention est présenté sur les figures 1 à 6. Le mécanisme comporte un mobile de rouage 1 relié cinématiquement à une roue d'échappement 2 et formant avec elle un rouage entraîné par un organe moteur non représenté, typiquement un barillet. La roue d'échappement comporte des dents d'impulsion 3 destinées à donner périodiquement une impulsion à un oscillateur prenant ici la forme d'un balancier dont seul le plateau 4 et la cheville 5 sont représentés. Le mobile de rouage 1 comporte des plots de repos 6 disposés en cercle à l'extrémité de bras s'étendant radialement. Le mécanisme d'échappement comporte en outre un mobile de dégagement 7 prenant la forme d'une roue pivotée sur le même axe que la roue d'échappement. Le mobile de dégagement 7 comporte des chevilles de repos 8 et un dispositif d'entraînement unidirectionnel formé par des lames flexibles 9 s'étendant radialement et venant en appui contre des butées de cliquet 10 dans leur position de repos. Dans le mode de réalisation présenté, les butées de cliquet 10 sont adjacentes aux chevilles de repos mais il pourrait en être autrement comme on le verra par la suite. L'amplitude angulaire de la rotation du mobile de dégagement 7 par rapport à la roue d'échappement 2 est limitée par une butée de positionnement 1 1 , solidaire du mobile de dégagement 7. Un ressort de rappel 12 disposé entre la roue d'échappement 2 et le mobile de dégagement 7 tend à ramener le mobile de dégagement 7 dans une position angulaire définie en référence à la roue d'échappement 2. A first embodiment of an exhaust mechanism according to the invention is shown in Figures 1 to 6. The mechanism comprises a cog wheel 1 kinematically connected to an escape wheel 2 and forming with it a gear driven by a motor member not shown, typically a cylinder. The escape wheel comprises pulse teeth 3 for periodically giving a pulse to an oscillator here taking the form of a rocker of which only the plate 4 and the pin 5 are shown. The moving wheel 1 comprises resting studs 6 arranged in a circle at the end of radially extending arm. The exhaust mechanism further comprises a release wheel 7 in the form of a wheel pivoted on the same axis as the wheel exhaust. The release mobile 7 comprises idle pins 8 and a unidirectional drive device formed by flexible blades 9 extending radially and bearing against ratchet stops 10 in their rest position. In the embodiment shown, the ratchet stops 10 are adjacent to the rest pins but could be otherwise as will be discussed later. The angular amplitude of the rotation of the disengagement wheel 7 with respect to the escape wheel 2 is limited by a positioning abutment 1 1 secured to the disengagement wheel 7. A return spring 12 disposed between the escape wheel 2 and the release member 7 tends to bring the release member 7 into an angular position defined with reference to the escape wheel 2.
La figure 2 représente le mécanisme d'échappement au repos, le balancier venant de parcourir librement l'arc supplémentaire et la cheville 5 s'apprêtant à entrer en contact avec une lame flexible 9 du mobile de dégagement 7. Le rouage est à l'arrêt, un plot de repos 6 du mobile de rouage étant en appui contre une cheville de repos 8 du mobile de dégagement 7.  FIG. 2 represents the exhaust mechanism at rest, the rocker having just traveled freely through the supplementary arc and the pin 5 preparing to come into contact with a flexible blade 9 of the release mobile 7. The wheel is at the stopping, a rest pin 6 of the wheelhouse being in abutment against a rest pin 8 of the disengagement wheel 7.
La figure 3 représente le mécanisme d'échappement durant la phase de dégagement lors de laquelle le mobile de dégagement 7 se déplace d'une position d'engagement vers une position de dégagement sous l'impulsion du balancier transmise par l'intermédiaire de la lame flexible 9. La lame flexible 9 est en appui contre la butée de cliquet 10 en formant un mécanisme de cliquet de sorte que l'impulsion du balancier provoque la rotation du mobile de dégagement 7 dans le sens antihoraire tel que représenté sur les figures. Pendant la phase de dégagement, les surfaces d'appui du plot de repos 6 et de la cheville de repos 8 glissent l'une contre l'autre. De préférence, les surfaces de contact des chevilles de repos 8 sont des portions de cylindre à base circulaire coaxiales avec l'axe de pivot du mobile de dégagement 7 de façon à ce que le dégagement du mobile de dégagement 7 ne provoque pas d'avance ni de recul du mobile de rouage 1. Cette configuration correspond à un angle de tirage nul. Alternativement la surface des chevilles de repos pourrait présenter un angle de tirage positif pour sécuriser le blocage du mobile de dégagement 7 ou au contraire un angle de tirage négatif pour faciliter son dégagement. Pendant toute la phase de dégagement jusqu'au dégagement complet de la cheville de repos 8, le mobile de rouage 1 est entravé dans sa rotation et ne transmet pas de couple moteur à la roue d'échappement 2 qui reste dans sa position d'attente. Pendant le dégagement, le mobile de dégagement 7 pivote en référence à la roue d'échappement 2 et le ressort de rappel 12 accumule, sous forme élastique, de l'énergie cinétique provenant du balancier. FIG. 3 shows the escape mechanism during the disengagement phase during which the disengaging wheel 7 moves from an engagement position to a disengagement position under the impulse of the beam transmitted by means of the blade. flexible 9. The flexible blade 9 is in abutment against the pawl stopper 10 by forming a pawl mechanism so that the pulse of the balance causes the rotation of the disengagement device 7 in the counterclockwise direction as shown in the figures. During the disengagement phase, the bearing surfaces of the rest pin 6 and the rest pin 8 slide against each other. Preferably, the contact surfaces of the rest pins 8 are circular base cylinder portions coaxial with the pivot axis of the disengagement wheel 7 so that the disengagement of the disengagement wheel 7 does not cause in advance This configuration corresponds to a draw angle of zero. Alternately the surface of the idler pins could have a positive pulling angle to secure the locking of the release wheel 7 or on the contrary a negative draft angle to facilitate its release. During the entire disengagement phase until complete disengagement of the rest pin 8, the wheel set 1 is impeded in its rotation and does not transmit engine torque to the escape wheel 2 which remains in its waiting position . During disengagement, the release wheel 7 pivots with reference to the escape wheel 2 and the return spring 12 accumulates, in elastic form, kinetic energy from the beam.
[0030] De façon avantageuse, les bras flexibles 9 et les chevilles de repos 8 sont disposés radialement selon une répartition angulaire régulière de sorte que le mobile de dégagement 7 est équilibré sur son axe de rotation et, de ce fait, peu sensible aux accélérations subies par la pièce d'horlogerie. Par ailleurs, le ressort de rappel 12 tend à maintenir le mobile de dégagement 7 en butée contre la roue d'échappement 2 dans sa position d'engagement. Ainsi il n'est pas nécessaire de prévoir un angle de tirage positif pour sécuriser davantage le mobile de dégagement 7 ce qui permet de minimiser les perturbations causées à l'oscillateur lors du dégagement.  Advantageously, the flexible arms 9 and the rest pins 8 are arranged radially in a regular angular distribution so that the release member 7 is balanced on its axis of rotation and, therefore, insensitive to accelerations suffered by the timepiece. Furthermore, the return spring 12 tends to keep the release member 7 abuts against the escape wheel 2 in its engagement position. Thus it is not necessary to provide a positive draft angle to further secure the release mobile 7 which minimizes the disturbances caused to the oscillator during release.
[0031] La figure 4 représente le mécanisme d'échappement dans la phase d'impulsion. Une fois que le mobile de dégagement 7 a atteint la position de dégagement, le mobile de rouage est libéré et le rouage démarre sous l'action de l'organe moteur. La roue d'impulsion accélère et la dent d'impulsion 3 la plus proche rattrape la cheville 5 du balancier à qui il transmet alors une parcelle d'énergie pour entretenir son oscillation. Durant au moins une partie de la phase d'accélération de la roue d'échappement, la cheville 5 continue à entraîner le mobile de dégagement 7 par l'intermédiaire de la lame flexible 9 si bien que le mobile de dégagement 7 continue à pivoter à une vitesse sensiblement constante dans le sens antihoraire malgré l'action du ressort de rappel 12. Ainsi, l'énergie stockée sous forme élastique dans le ressort de rappel 12 est-elle restituée et contribue à l'accélération du rouage, le ressort de rappel 12 exerçant un couple moteur sur la roue d'échappement 2 pour la faire accélérer et rattraper le mobile de dégagement 7. Figure 4 shows the escape mechanism in the pulse phase. Once the release mobile 7 has reached the release position, the cog wheel is released and the train starts under the action of the drive member. The pulse wheel accelerates and the pulse tooth 3 closest catches the peg 5 of the beam to which it then transmits a parcel of energy to maintain its oscillation. During at least a portion of the acceleration phase of the escape wheel, the pin 5 continues to drive the release member 7 through the flexible blade 9 so that the release member 7 continues to pivot at a substantially constant speed in the counterclockwise direction despite the action of the return spring 12. Thus, the energy stored in elastic form in the return spring 12 is restored and contributes to the acceleration of the train, the return spring 12 exercising a engine torque on the escape wheel 2 to accelerate it and catch up with the release wheel 7.
[0032] La figure 5 représente le mécanisme d'échappement à la fin de la phase d'impulsion et immédiatement avant l'arrêt du rouage provoqué par la rencontre d'un plot de repos 6 avec une cheville de repos 8. Les trajectoires circulaires des plots de repos et des chevilles de repos sont sécantes et le mécanisme est agencé pour qu'un plot 6 rencontre une goupille 8 lorsque le mobile de dégagement 7 est dans la position d'engagement, c'est-à-dire quand la roue d'échappement 2 a rattrapé le mobile de dégagement 7, la butée de positionnement 1 1 en appui contre la roue d'échappement 2. Par conséquent, l'avance du rouage est limitée lorsque le mobile de dégagement est dans la position d'engagement. [0032] FIG. 5 shows the escape mechanism at the end of the impulse phase and immediately before the stoppage of the wheelwork caused by the meeting of a resting stud 6 with a rest pin 8. Circular trajectories resting studs and idlers are secant and the mechanism is arranged for a stud 6 meets a pin 8 when the release mobile 7 is in the engagement position, that is to say when the wheel exhaust 2 has caught the release mobile 7, the positioning abutment 1 1 bears against the escape wheel 2. Therefore, the advance of the train is limited when the release mobile is in the engagement position .
[0033] La figure 6 représente le mécanisme d'échappement au repos au moment du coup perdu lors de l'alternance suivante. Le balancier pivote dans le sens antihoraire et la cheville 5 écarte le bras flexible 9 sans entraîner en rotation le mobile de dégagement 7. La lame flexible 9 constitue avec la butée de cliquet 10 un système d'entraînement unidirectionnel de type cliquet. Figure 6 shows the exhaust mechanism at rest at the time of the blow lost during the next alternation. The rocker pivots counterclockwise and the pin 5 spreads the flexible arm 9 without rotating the release member 7. The flexible blade 9 constitutes with the ratchet stop 10 a ratchet-type unidirectional drive system.
[0034] D'une façon connue, le dos des dents d'impulsion possède un profil circulaire épousant la forme du plateau du balancier pour empêcher le recul accidentel de la roue d'échappement pendant que le balancier parcourt l'arc supplémentaire.  In a known manner, the back of the pulse teeth has a circular profile matching the shape of the balance plate to prevent accidental recoil of the escape wheel while the pendulum traverses the additional arc.
[0035] De façon originale, le rouage est animé par une double motorisation : l'organe moteur qui propulse le rouage d'une façon conventionnelle, et le ressort de rappel 12 qui tracte la roue d'échappement 2 lors de son démarrage. L'action du ressort de rappel 12 est d'autant plus efficace qu'il est fixé sur le mobile de dégagement 7 qui est lui-même entraîné en rotation par l'oscillateur. Une portion de l'énergie contribuant à l'accélération du rouage provient donc de l'oscillateur ce qui va à rencontre de l'idée généralement admise qu'il faut éviter de freiner l'oscillateur pour ne pas perturber son isochronisme et limiter la consommation d'énergie. Le transfert de l'énergie de l'oscillateur vers le rouage est optimisé grâce au mobile de dégagement 7 et au ressort de rappel 12 qui joue le rôle d'amortisseur et limite la perte d'énergie au moment du choc de la cheville sur le bras flexible. L'accélération du rouage est donc donnée sans à-coup mais comme elle est plus forte que celle qui serait donnée par un seul organe moteur, le temps nécessaire à la roue d'échappement 2 pour rattraper la cheville 5 du balancier est réduit. Cela signifie que le dispositif peut fonctionner à des fréquences plus élevées mais aussi que l'angle d'impulsion parcouru par le balancier dans la phase d'impulsion est plus grand. Alternativement il est possible de profiter de la double motorisation et de l'angle d'impulsion élargi pour réduire la puissance de l'organe moteur afin d'augmenter son autonomie. In an original way, the wheel is driven by a dual motor: the motor that propels the wheel in a conventional manner, and the return spring 12 which tows the escape wheel 2 when it starts. The action of the return spring 12 is more effective than it is fixed on the release mobile 7 which is itself rotated by the oscillator. A portion of the energy contributing to the acceleration of the train comes from the oscillator which goes against the generally accepted idea that we must avoid braking the oscillator so as not to disturb its isochronism and limit consumption energy. The transfer of energy from the oscillator to the wheel is optimized thanks to movable release 7 and the return spring 12 which acts as a damper and limits the loss of energy at the time of impact of the ankle on the flexible arm. The acceleration of the wheel is therefore given smoothly but as it is stronger than that which would be given by a single drive member, the time required for the escape wheel 2 to catch the pin 5 of the balance is reduced. This means that the device can operate at higher frequencies but also that the pulse angle traveled by the pendulum in the pulse phase is greater. Alternatively it is possible to take advantage of the double motorization and the extended pulse angle to reduce the power of the motor unit to increase its autonomy.
[0036] De façon originale, l'arrêt du rouage est causé par la rencontre de deux éléments mobiles en référence au bâti, cinématiquement liés de façon discontinue. In an original way, the stop of the gear is caused by the meeting of two movable elements with reference to the frame, kinematically linked in a discontinuous manner.
[0037] Contrairement à une bascule de détente qui effectue un mouvement de va- et-vient en dissipant l'énergie qu'elle reçoit du balancier, le mobile de dégagement pivote toujours dans le même sens qui est également celui de l'impulsion donnée par l'oscillateur ainsi que celui du déplacement de la roue d'échappement. L'énergie accumulée sous forme élastique à chaque dégagement dans le ressort de rappel est restituée lors du démarrage de la roue d'échappement. La récupération d'une partie de l'énergie prise à l'oscillateur dans la phase de dégagement caractérise un nouveau type d'échappement que l'on peut désigner par le terme de « turbo-détente », Celui-ci présentant des performances intéressantes en termes de rendement énergétique ainsi que de fréquence et de sûreté de fonctionnement.  Unlike a trigger rocker which performs a back and forth movement by dissipating the energy it receives from the balance, the release mobile pivots always in the same direction which is also that of the given pulse by the oscillator as well as that of the displacement of the escape wheel. The energy accumulated in elastic form at each release in the return spring is restored when starting the escape wheel. The recovery of a part of the energy taken from the oscillator in the release phase characterizes a new type of exhaust that can be designated by the term "turbo-relaxation", which presents interesting performances. in terms of energy efficiency as well as frequency and dependability.
[0038] Selon une variante non représentée du premier mode de réalisation, le plateau du balancier comporte une cheville qui effectue le dégagement et une palette d'impulsion, distincte de la cheville, agencée pour recevoir l'impulsion de la roue d'échappement. Les positions angulaires et radiales respectives de la cheville et de la palette par rapport à l'axe du balancier, définissent le début des phases de dégagement et d'impulsion et les vitesses angulaires de dégagement et d'impulsion. Pour raccourcir la phase de dégagement il est par exemple possible d'augmenter la vitesse angulaire du mobile de dégagement en éloignant la cheville 5 de l'axe du balancier alors que la palette d'impulsion en reste proche. Dans cette configuration, la vitesse angulaire du mobile d'échappement est plus élevée que la vitesse atteinte par la roue d'échappement au début de l'impulsion. L'homme du métier saura configurer le mécanisme de sorte que l'entraînement du mobile de dégagement 7 prenne fin avant le début de l'impulsion. Dans le laps de temps précédent l'impulsion où le mobile d'échappement n'est plus entraîné, ce dernier ralentit sous l'action du ressort de rappel en contribuant à l'accélération du rouage. A l'instar d'un relais entre deux coureurs d'américaine, le transfert d'énergie cinétique entre le mobile de dégagement et le rouage s'opère sans choc grâce à l'action du ressort de rappel 12. Ainsi le mécanisme d'échappement selon l'invention peut être agencé de manière à ce que l'énergie cinétique acquise par le mobile de dégagement lors de la phase de dégagement soit au moins partiellement restituée et contribue à l'accélération du rouage. According to a not shown variant of the first embodiment, the balance plate comprises a peg which makes the release and a pulse pad, separate from the peg, arranged to receive the impulse of the escape wheel. The respective angular and radial positions of the ankle and the pallet with respect to the axis of the balance, define the beginning of the release and momentum phases and the angular clearance and pulse speeds. To shorten the disengagement phase it is for example possible to increase the angular velocity of the disengagement mobile by moving the pin 5 away from the axis of the balance while the pulse pallet remains close. In this configuration, the angular velocity of the escape wheel is higher than the speed reached by the escape wheel at the beginning of the pulse. Those skilled in the art will be able to configure the mechanism so that the drive of the release mobile 7 ends before the beginning of the pulse. In the lapse of time preceding the impulse where the mobile escape is no longer driven, the latter slows down under the action of the return spring by contributing to the acceleration of the train. Like a relay between two American runners, the transfer of kinetic energy between the release wheel and the gear is effected without shock thanks to the action of the return spring 12. Thus the mechanism of Exhaust according to the invention can be arranged in such a way that the kinetic energy acquired by the disengaging wheel during the disengagement phase is at least partially restored and contributes to the acceleration of the wheel.
[0039] L'homme du métier saura apporter d'autres variantes d'exécution à ce premier mode de réalisation sans sortir du cadre des revendications. En particulier, le dispositif d'entraînement unidirectionnel pourrait être placé sur l'oscillateur. Plutôt que d'être pivoté sur le bâti, Le mobile de dégagement pourrait être relié à la roue d'échappement par des éléments flexibles. Dans ce cas, le mouvement de dégagement du mobile de dégagement sous l'action de l'oscillateur pourrait être assimilé à une rotation où à toute autre trajectoire adaptée au dégagement des chevilles de repos. Ces mêmes éléments flexibles pourraient également jouer le rôle de ressort de rappel. The skilled person will provide other embodiments of this first embodiment without departing from the scope of the claims. In particular, the unidirectional driving device could be placed on the oscillator. Rather than being rotated on the frame, the release mobile could be connected to the escape wheel by flexible elements. In this case, the release movement of the release mobile under the action of the oscillator could be likened to a rotation or any other path adapted to the release of the rest pins. These same flexible elements could also play the role of recall spring.
[0040] Les figures 7 à 12 représentent un deuxième mode de réalisation d'un mécanisme d'échappement selon l'invention. Comme dans le premier mode de réalisation on retrouve un rouage formé d'un mobile de rouage 1 et d'une roue d'échappement 2 reliés cinématiquement l'un à l'autre ainsi qu'un balancier dont est visible le plateau 4 muni de sa cheville 5. Le mécanisme comporte également un dispositif d'entraînement unidirectionnel composé d'une pluralité de lames flexibles 9 en butée sur des butées de cliquet 10. Le dispositif d'entraînement unidirectionnel est ici monté solidaire de la roue d'échappement 2. De façon originale la roue d'échappement n'est pas pivotée sur le bâti de la pièce d'horlogerie mais sur le mobile de dégagement 7 qui prend ici la forme d'une bascule pivotée sur le même axe que le mobile de rouage 1. Le mécanisme comporte également une butée de positionnement 1 1 apte à positionner le mobile de dégagement 7 dans une position d'engagement dans laquelle la rotation de la roue d'échappement est limitée. Lorsque le mobile de dégagement est dans sa position d'engagement, les axes de rotation du mobile de rouage 1 , de la roue d'échappement et du balancier sont coplanaires. L'organe moteur, non représenté, tend à entraîner le mobile de rouage 1 dans le sens horaire en référence aux figures. Figures 7 to 12 show a second embodiment of an exhaust mechanism according to the invention. As in the first embodiment, a cogwheel formed of a cogwheel 1 and an escapement wheel 2 kinematically connected to each other and a rocker of which the plate 4 provided with his ankle 5. The The mechanism also comprises a unidirectional drive device consisting of a plurality of flexible blades 9 abutting on ratchet stops 10. The unidirectional drive device is here mounted integral with the escape wheel 2. In an original way the wheel exhaust is not pivoted on the frame of the timepiece but on the release mobile 7 which here takes the form of a rocker pivoted on the same axis as the mobile wheel 1. The mechanism also comprises a positioning stop 1 1 able to position the release member 7 in an engagement position in which the rotation of the escape wheel is limited. When the release mobile is in its engagement position, the axes of rotation of the wheel set 1, the escape wheel and the balance are coplanar. The motor member, not shown, tends to drive the moving wheel 1 clockwise with reference to the figures.
[0041] Dans la configuration de la figure 8, le balancier parcourt librement l'arc supplémentaire et le rouage est à l'arrêt, une dent d'impulsion 3 de la roue d'échappement étant en appui contre une palette de repos 13 fixe en référence au bâti. In the configuration of Figure 8, the balance freely traverses the additional arc and the train is stopped, a pulse tooth 3 of the escape wheel being in abutment against a pallet 13 fixed rest in reference to the building.
[0042] La figure 9 représente le mécanisme d'échappement dans la phase de dégagement. La cheville de plateau 5 a percuté une lame flexible 9 en appui sur une butée de cliquet 10. La rotation de la roue d'échappement 2 étant entravée par la palette de repos 13, c'est l'ensemble composé du mobile de dégagement 7, de la roue d'échappement 2 et du mobile de rouage 1 qui est entraîné en rotation dans le sens antihoraire autour de l'axe de pivot du mobile de rouage. Le recul du rouage dans la phase de dégagement entraine le ré-armage de l'organe moteur si bien que l'énergie fournie par l'oscillateur lors du dégagement est stockée sous forme élastique par l'organe moteur avant d'être restituée pour propulser le rouage. Dès que la dent en prise quitte la palette de repos 13, la roue d'échappement 2 et le rouage sont libérés. Le rouage accélère et le mobile de dégagement 7 revient dans sa position d'engagement contre la butée de positionnement 1 1. Le plan de repos de la palette de repos est de préférence un plan orthoradial en référence à l'axe de rotation du mobile de dégagement qui correspond à un angle de tirage nul. Alternativement, le plan de repos peut avoir une inclinaison différente ou un profil non rectiligne. Figure 9 shows the escape mechanism in the disengagement phase. The plate pin 5 has hit a flexible blade 9 resting on a pawl stop 10. The rotation of the escape wheel 2 being hampered by the pallet rest 13, it is composed of the release mobile 7 , the escape wheel 2 and the moving wheel 1 which is rotated in the counterclockwise direction about the pivot axis of the wheelhouse. The retreat of the gear train in the disengagement phase causes the re-arming of the motor unit so that the energy supplied by the oscillator during the release is stored in elastic form by the motor member before being restored to propel the wheel. As soon as the engaged tooth leaves the pallet rest 13, the escape wheel 2 and the wheel are released. The train accelerates and the release wheel 7 returns to its position of engagement against the positioning stop 1 1. The rest plane of the pallet of rest is preferably an orthoradial plane with reference to the axis of rotation of the disengagement wheel which corresponds to a zero draw angle. Alternatively, the rest plane may have a different inclination or a non-rectilinear profile.
[0043] La figure 10 représente le mécanisme d'échappement dans la phase d'impulsion après que le mobile de dégagement 7 est revenu dans sa position d'engagement en appui contre la butée de positionnement 1 1 et qu'une dent d'impulsion 3 de la roue d'échappement 2 a rattrapé la cheville 5 du balancier.  FIG. 10 shows the escape mechanism in the impulse phase after the release mobile 7 has returned to its position of engagement in abutment against the positioning stop 1 1 and a pulse tooth 3 of the escape wheel 2 has caught the peg 5 of the pendulum.
[0044] La figure 1 1 représente le mécanisme à la fin de la phase d'impulsion et juste avant l'arrêt du rouage provoqué par la rencontre de la dent d'impulsion 3 suivante avec la palette de repos 13.  Figure 1 1 shows the mechanism at the end of the impulse phase and just before the stoppage of the gear caused by the meeting of the next impulse tooth 3 with the pallet rest 13.
[0045] La figure 12 montre le mécanisme au repos lors du coup perdu au retour du balancier au moment du passage du cliquet.  Figure 12 shows the mechanism at rest during the blow lost the return of the balance at the time of passage of the pawl.
[0046] Comme dans le premier mode de réalisation, l'énergie fournit par l'oscillateur lors du dégagement est au moins partiellement restituée pour entraîner le rouage. De façon originale ce deuxième mode de réalisation utilise directement l'organe moteur pour stocker temporairement, sous forme élastique, l'énergie provenant de l'oscillateur lors du dégagement. C'est aussi la force motrice qui maintient le mobile de dégagement 7 dans la position d'engagement. A noter que dans les échappements de l'art antérieur, le rouage recule légèrement lors du dégagement lorsque l'angle de tirage est positif, cette disposition ayant pour but de sécuriser la détente et non pas de récupérer de l'énergie.  As in the first embodiment, the energy provided by the oscillator during the release is at least partially restored to drive the gear train. In an original way this second embodiment directly uses the drive member to temporarily store, in elastic form, the energy from the oscillator during the release. It is also the driving force that keeps the release mobile 7 in the engagement position. Note that in the exhausts of the prior art, the gear back slightly back on release when the draft angle is positive, this provision for the purpose of securing the trigger and not to recover energy.
[0047] De façon originale c'est le déplacement de l'axe de la roue d'échappement et non le déplacement de la palette de repos, qui provoque le dégagement.  In an original way is the displacement of the axis of the escape wheel and not the movement of the pallet rest, which causes the release.
[0048] L'homme du métier saura apporter des variantes d'exécution à ce deuxième mode de réalisation sans sortir du cadre des revendications. En particulier, le dispositif d'entraînement unidirectionnel pourrait ne comporter qu'un seul cliquet et être solidaire du mobile de dégagement ou de l'oscillateur. Les fonctions de dégagement et d'impulsion pourraient être assurées par des dents distinctes sur la roue d'échappement et par des palettes distinctes sur l'oscillateur. Le mobile d'échappement pourrait être translaté plutôt qu'être pivoté. Il pourrait également être relié au bâti par un élément flexible. Le mobile de dégagement pourrait comporter un contre poids afin que l'ensemble mobile qu'il compose avec la roue d'échappement soit équilibré sur son axe de rotation. Le mécanisme pourrait comporter une deuxième butée pour limiter l'amplitude du déplacement du mobile de dégagement ainsi qu'un ressort de rappel pour accélérer le retour du mobile de dégagement dans sa position d'engagement. Le mécanisme pourrait également comporter un dispositif de sécurité qui limiterait le déplacement du mobile de dégagement dans les phases de libre oscillation de l'oscillateur. The skilled person will provide alternative embodiments to this second embodiment without departing from the scope of the claims. In particular, the unidirectional drive device could comprise only one pawl and be integral with the release mobile or the oscillator. The release and impulse functions could be provided by separate teeth on the escape wheel and by separate palettes on the oscillator. The escape mobile could be translated rather than rotated. It could also be connected to the frame by a flexible element. The release mobile could comprise a counterweight so that the moving assembly that it composes with the escape wheel is balanced on its axis of rotation. The mechanism could comprise a second stop for limiting the amplitude of the movement of the disengagement wheel and a return spring to accelerate the return of the disengagement wheel in its engagement position. The mechanism could also include a safety device that would limit the movement of the disengagement wheel in the free oscillation phases of the oscillator.
Ainsi est proposé un type nouveau de mécanisme d'échappement pour montre mécanique, qui présente les avantages des échappements à ancre et des échappements à détente sans en posséder les inconvénients. Thus is proposed a new type of mechanical watch escapement mechanism, which has the advantages of anchor escapements and expansion exhausts without the disadvantages.

Claims

Revendications claims
1. Mécanisme d'échappement libre à coup perdu pour pièce d'horlogerie, ladite pièce d'horlogerie comportant : 1. Free escapement mechanism for a timepiece, said timepiece comprising:
un rouage destiné à être entraîné par un organe moteur et comportant un mobile de rouage (1 ) mobile en rotation autour d'un axe de rotation et agencé en liaison cinématique avec au moins une roue d'échappement du mécanisme d'échappement, un oscillateur apte à recevoir une impulsion de ladite roue d'échappement (2) afin d'entretenir ses oscillations, ledit mécanisme d'échappement comportant en outre : un mobile de dégagement (7) agencé pour coopérer en rotation avec la roue d'échappement et se déplacer, lors d'une phase de dégagement, sous une impulsion de l'oscillateur, entre une position d'engagement dans laquelle l'avance du rouage est bloquée et une position de dégagement dans laquelle l'avance du rouage est libre, et un dispositif d'entraînement unidirectionnel du mobile de dégagement (7) agencé pour transmettre ladite impulsion de l'oscillateur au mobile de dégagement (7) pour le faire passer de la position d'engagement à la position de dégagement, le mécanisme d'échappement étant caractérisé en ce que le mobile de dégagement (7) et le dispositif d'entraînement unidirectionnel sont agencés pour coopérer avec des moyens (10, 12) configurés pour accumulerune portion de l'énergie fournie par une impulsion de l'oscillateur lors du dégagement du mobile de dégagement (7) d'une part et pour la restituer sous la forme d'une accélération de la roue d'échappement (2) lors d'une transmission par la roue d'échappement (2) d'une impulsion à l'oscillateur d'autre part.  a gear train intended to be driven by a drive member and comprising a gear wheel (1) movable in rotation about an axis of rotation and arranged in kinematic connection with at least one escape wheel of the escape mechanism, an oscillator adapted to receive a pulse of said escape wheel (2) to maintain its oscillations, said exhaust mechanism further comprising: a release wheel (7) arranged to cooperate in rotation with the escape wheel and moving, during a disengagement phase, under a pulse of the oscillator, between an engagement position in which the advance of the gear train is blocked and a release position in which the advance of the gear train is free, and a unidirectional drive device of the disengagement wheel (7) arranged to transmit said pulse of the oscillator to the disengaging wheel (7) from the engagement position to the disengagement position, the exhaust mechanism being characterized in that the release wheel (7) and the unidirectional driving device are arranged to cooperate with means (10, 12) configured to accumulate a portion of the energy supplied by a pulse of the oscillator when disengaging the release wheel (7) on the one hand and for restoring it in the form of an acceleration of the escape wheel (2) during a transmission by the escape wheel (2) d an impulse to the oscillator on the other hand.
2. Mécanisme d'échappement selon la revendication 1 , caractérisé en ce que le mobile de dégagement (7) et le mobile de rouage (1 ) sont agencés l'un par rapport à l'autre de telle sorte qu'il existe un tirage nul ou négatif entre les deux. 2. Exhaust mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that the release wheel (7) and the cog wheel (1) are arranged relative to each other so that there is a draw null or negative between the two.
3. Mécanisme d'échappement selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce le mobile de rouage (1 ) et le mobile de dégagement (7) sont agencés pour que ladite portion d'énergie transmise par l'oscillateur lors de la phase de dégagement soit accumulée sous forme élastique avant de contribuer à l'accélération de ladite roue d'échappement (2). 3. Exhaust mechanism according to one of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the moving wheel (1) and the movable release (7) are arranged so that said portion of energy transmitted by the oscillator during the release phase is accumulated in elastic form before contributing to the acceleration of said escape wheel (2).
4. Mécanisme d'échappement selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte une butée de positionnement (1 1 ) apte à positionner le mobile de dégagement (7) dans la position d'engagement. 4. Exhaust mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a positioning stop (1 1) adapted to position the release member (7) in the engagement position.
5. Mécanisme d'échappement selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les axes de rotation du mobile de rouage (1), de la roue d'échappement (2) et du mobile de dégagement (7) sont parallèles et coplanaires. 5. Exhaust mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the axes of rotation of the wheel set (1), the escape wheel (2) and the release wheel (7) are parallel and coplanar.
6. Mécanisme d'échappement selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'oscillateur est mobile en rotation autour d'un axe et en ce que les axes de rotation de l'oscillateur, du mobile de rouage (1 ), de la roue d'échappement (2) et du mobile de dégagement (7) sont parallèles et coplanaires lorsque le mobile d'engagement (7) est dans la position d'engagement. 6. Exhaust mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the oscillator is movable in rotation about an axis and in that the axes of rotation of the oscillator, the wheel moving (1) , the escape wheel (2) and the disengagement wheel (7) are parallel and coplanar when the engagement wheel (7) is in the engagement position.
7. Mécanisme d'échappement selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'entraînement unidirectionnel comporte une pluralité de lames flexibles (9) agencées chacune en appui sur une butée de cliquets (10), lesdites lames flexibles (9) et butées de cliquet (10) étant disposées de façon radiale selon une répartition angulaire régulière. 7. Exhaust mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the unidirectional drive device comprises a plurality of flexible blades (9) each arranged in abutment on a stop of pawls (10), said flexible blades ( 9) and ratchet stops (10) being arranged radially in a regular angular distribution.
8. Mécanisme d'échappement selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'entraînement unidirectionnel est solidaire du mobile de dégagement (7) ou de l'oscillateur. 8. Exhaust mechanism according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the unidirectional drive device is integral with the release wheel (7) or the oscillator.
9. Mécanisme d'échappement selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le mobile de dégagement (7) est coaxial avec la roue d'échappement (2). 9. Exhaust mechanism according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the release wheel (7) is coaxial with the escape wheel (2).
10. Mécanisme d'échappement selon la revendication 9 et la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un organe élastique, en particulier un ressort de rappel (12), monté entre le mobile de dégagement (7) et la roue d'échappement (2), et qui tend à ramener le mobile de dégagement (7) dans sa position d'engagement, de préférence contre la butée de positionnement (1 1 ) dans la position d'engagement. 10. Exhaust mechanism according to claim 9 and claim 5, characterized in that it comprises an elastic member, in particular a return spring (12), mounted between the release wheel (7) and the wheel of exhaust (2), and which tends to bring the release member (7) into its engagement position, preferably against the positioning stop (1 1) in the engagement position.
1 1. Mécanisme d'échappement selon l'une des revendications 9 ou 10, caractérisé en ce que le mobile de dégagement (7) comporte des chevilles de repos (8), en ce que le mobile de rouage (1 ) comporte des plots de repos (6), en ce que les trajectoires des plots de repos (6) et des chevilles de repos (8) sont sécantes et en ce que le mécanisme est agencé pour que les plots de repos (6) rencontrent les goupilles de repos (8) en provocant l'arrêt du rouage lorsque le mobile d'engagement (7) est dans la position d'engagement. 1 1. Exhaust mechanism according to one of claims 9 or 10, characterized in that the release mobile (7) comprises idle pins (8), in that the mobile wheel (1) comprises studs resting device (6), in that the trajectories of the resting studs (6) and the rest pins (8) are intersecting and in that the mechanism is arranged so that the resting studs (6) meet the rest pins (8) causing the gear train to stop when the engagement wheel (7) is in the engagement position.
12. Mécanisme d'échappement selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'entraînement unidirectionnel est solidaire de la roue d'échappement (2). 12. Exhaust mechanism according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the unidirectional drive device is integral with the escape wheel (2).
13. Mécanisme d'échappement selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10 ou la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que la roue d'échappement (2) est montée mobile sur le mobile de dégagement (7) et en ce que la roue d'échappement (2) comporte des dents de repos (3) destinés à venir en appui contre une palette de repos (13) fixe en référence au bâti de la pièce d'horlogerie. 13. Exhaust mechanism according to one of claims 1 to 10 or claim 12, characterized in that the escape wheel (2) is mounted movably on the release wheel (7) and in that the wheel of exhaust (2) comprises rest teeth (3) intended to bear against a pallet rest (13) fixed with reference to the frame of the timepiece.
14. Mécanisme d'échappement selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que le mobile de dégagement (7) est une bascule pivotée sur l'axe du mobile de rouage (1 ). 14. Exhaust mechanism according to claim 13, characterized in that the release member (7) is a rocker pivoted on the axis of the moving wheel (1).
15. Mécanisme d'échappement selon les revendications 5 et 14, caractérisé en ce que la butée de positionnement (1 1 ) est fixe en référence à l'axe de rotation du mobile de dégagement (7). 15. Exhaust mechanism according to claims 5 and 14, characterized in that the positioning stop (1 1) is fixed with reference to the axis of rotation of the release member (7).
EP17761283.5A 2016-09-07 2017-09-06 Escapement mechanism Active EP3510449B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP16187711.3A EP3293583A1 (en) 2016-09-07 2016-09-07 Escapement mechanism
PCT/EP2017/072392 WO2018046563A1 (en) 2016-09-07 2017-09-06 Escapement mechanism

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EP3510449A1 true EP3510449A1 (en) 2019-07-17
EP3510449B1 EP3510449B1 (en) 2020-07-08

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EP16187711.3A Withdrawn EP3293583A1 (en) 2016-09-07 2016-09-07 Escapement mechanism
EP17761283.5A Active EP3510449B1 (en) 2016-09-07 2017-09-06 Escapement mechanism

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3818417A2 (en) * 2018-07-02 2021-05-12 CompliTime SA Timepiece escapement mechanism
DE102018212113A1 (en) * 2018-07-20 2020-01-23 Creaditive Ag Inhibitor system and the inhibitor system comprehensive measuring device
EP4250019A1 (en) * 2022-03-21 2023-09-27 Patek Philippe SA Genève Timepiece oscillator for extra-flat movement

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1538491B1 (en) * 2003-12-04 2010-11-10 Montres Breguet S.A. Detent escapement for watches
ATE363673T1 (en) * 2003-12-04 2007-06-15 Montres Breguet Sa CHRONOMETER ESCAPEMENT FOR WRISTWATCHES
EP1710636A1 (en) * 2005-04-06 2006-10-11 Daniel Rochat Escapement for a watch
EP1770452A1 (en) * 2005-09-30 2007-04-04 Peter Baumberger Detent escapement for timepieces
EP2199875B1 (en) * 2008-12-16 2014-09-24 Rolex Sa Detent escapement
JP5366319B2 (en) * 2009-09-14 2013-12-11 セイコーインスツル株式会社 Detent escapement and mechanical watch having the same

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EP3510449B1 (en) 2020-07-08
EP3293583A1 (en) 2018-03-14

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