EP3507575A1 - Verfahren und vorrichtung zur tomographie von schall - Google Patents
Verfahren und vorrichtung zur tomographie von schallInfo
- Publication number
- EP3507575A1 EP3507575A1 EP17771986.1A EP17771986A EP3507575A1 EP 3507575 A1 EP3507575 A1 EP 3507575A1 EP 17771986 A EP17771986 A EP 17771986A EP 3507575 A1 EP3507575 A1 EP 3507575A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- laser
- local
- space
- laser beam
- physical parameter
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01H—MEASUREMENT OF MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OR ULTRASONIC, SONIC OR INFRASONIC WAVES
- G01H9/00—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means
- G01H9/002—Measuring mechanical vibrations or ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves by using radiation-sensitive means, e.g. optical means for representing acoustic field distribution
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; ELECTRIC HEARING AIDS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R23/00—Transducers other than those covered by groups H04R9/00 - H04R21/00
- H04R23/008—Transducers other than those covered by groups H04R9/00 - H04R21/00 using optical signals for detecting or generating sound
Definitions
- Embodiments of the present invention relate to a method and a device for (computer) tomography of sound.
- Preferred embodiments relate to the detection of sound by means of a laser.
- the most commonly used technologies are based on a microphone for audible sound and / or on piezoelectric transducers, especially for ultrasound.
- the laser microphone is used to record sound at surfaces of (sufficiently) solid substances.
- EAW electroacoustic transducers
- the medium gases, liquids, solids.
- the EAW electroacoustic transducers
- the entire space around the machine must be swept with a microphone to detect the spatial noise distribution.
- the measuring equipment has a strong influence on the sound field to be measured.
- US transducers ultrasound
- the US converter must be placed on the material to be examined, so that a mechanical force connection can arise.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a concept that makes it possible to detect the spatial distribution of an acoustic sound field without contact.
- Embodiments of the present invention provide a method for spatial tomography of sound.
- the method comprises the steps of: detecting contactlessly a physical parameter (such as a local refractive index, a local sound pressure, a local density, a local temperature, and / or a local optical spectrum) by means of a laser scanner for a first plurality of local areas in space over time along a first laser beam and for a second plurality of local areas in space over time along a second laser beam.
- the two laser beams can intersect, so that a common plane is spanned.
- a voxel model of the sound pressure is now calculated in a third step.
- Embodiments of the present invention is based on the finding that with the aid of a laser scanner (when used in transparent media such as air) along the laser beam, a physical parameter can be optically detected, which can be described for example by means of a line integral.
- This physical parameter per point allows a conclusion on local pressure conditions and consequently also on the local prevailing sound pressure.
- This local sound pressure per area can be spatially resolved similar to the computed tomography method.
- a sufficient number of line projections eg, 360 per level
- the step is therefore repeated for further multiplies of local areas along further laser beams in the same plane in order to completely spatially detect the plane.
- other pluralities of local areas along a laser beam penetrating the first plane may also be detected so as to expand the voxel model in the three-dimensional planes such that each point in the voxel model describes the sound pressure per time in space.
- the above-mentioned laser scanner has at least one laser source which emits a directed laser beam through the space or more laser beams conically through the space, and a plurality of laser detector elements which form a laser detector.
- a plurality of scanners can be used to scan the plurality of solid angles.
- These several laser scanners or the laser sources and the plurality of laser detector elements can be arranged in a circle or in an oval in accordance with preferred exemplary embodiments, so that they include a plane in which the sound is to be scanned. It is assumed that the laser scanners work by means of transmission.
- the plurality of laser sources are then preferably arranged opposite the associated laser detector element.
- Another embodiment relates to a computer program for carrying out one of the methods described above.
- Yet another embodiment relates to a device for tomography of sound. This comprises means for detecting the first and second plurality of local regions along the first and second laser beams by means of a laser scanner, ie, for example, a first and a second laser scanner, and a calculation unit for determining the voxel model.
- FIG. 1 a shows an exemplary arrangement of a laser scanner for reconstructing the principle of the tomography of sound according to an exemplary embodiment
- 1 b shows a schematic block diagram of a method in the tomography of sound according to an exemplary embodiment
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic representation of an expanded arrangement for the tomography of sound according to an extended exemplary embodiment
- FIG. and FIGS. 3a, 3b show a schematic illustration for illustrating the principle of the tomography of sound in a specific application.
- 1a shows an arrangement of laser scanners (reference numerals 10a + 14a and 10b + 14b), here two laser scanners 10a and 10b with associated laser detectors 14a and 14b.
- Each laser 10a and 10b emits a laser beam 12a and 12b, which can then be detected by a laser detector 14a and 14b disposed opposite thereto.
- a space is spanned with a transparent medium in which sound is to be detected without contact with the aid of the two laser scanners 10a + 14a and 10b + 14b. Sound in space manifests itself in the form of local pressure variations, ie a local change in the physical parameters. This local pressure variation is by means of a laser, z.
- the first laser scanner, 10a + 14a is designed to measure all local areas along the laser beam 12a.
- the optical parameters of the medium to be measured can be detected as a line integral along the laser beams 12a and 12b, since the laser beam for the measurement detects a sufficiently strong dependence on the local sound-induced pressure change of the medium (in general: local pressure conditions).
- each point on the line integral represents a sound pressure for the respective local area along the respective laser beam 12a and 12b.
- an area is spanned by the two line integrals, so that for the area at least in the area of the laser beams 12a and 12b, the in-plane sound distribution can be determined.
- Fig. 1b shows the corresponding method 100 for tomography of sound. This includes the three basic steps 110a and 110b and 120.
- step 110a and 110b non-contact detection of a physical parameter is performed by means of the laser scanners.
- the laser scanner 10a + 14a is used to determine the physical parameters for a first plurality of local areas in space (over time) along the first laser beam 12a
- the laser scanner 10b + 14b is used to capture the physical parameters for a second plurality of local regions along the second laser beam 12b.
- a line integral indicating the physical parameters for the plurality of local areas along the two laser beams 12a and 12b is obtained. These two line integrals can be combined with each other, so that starting from this, a voxel model of the sound pressure can be determined over time.
- this step represents the block labeled with reference numeral 120.
- a two-dimensional voxel model is determined. This method is comparable to the computer tomography known from the X-ray field.
- the two-dimensional voxel model for the one plane can also be extended into the three-dimensional space if the solid angles are varied not only in the plane but also at an angle to the plane. In this case, a three-dimensional voxel model can then be obtained. In this respect, it is possible if a sufficient number of line projections are obtained in order to calculate spatially resolved the local pressure changes, so that a projection of the spatial sound field is available in real time.
- Fig. 2 an extended embodiment of a sonography tomography apparatus will now be explained.
- FIG. 2 shows a square matrix 18 of symmetrically arranged voxels (local regions, here 10 ⁇ 10 voxels) for which the sound field is to be determined.
- a plurality of laser sources is arranged in a ring, namely along the dashed ring, which is marked with the reference numeral 10.
- Each laser source generates a spatially shaped radiation distribution 12 ', ie, laser beams arranged in the form of a lobe.
- a plurality of laser detector elements are also arranged annularly. In this case, an opposite arrangement of the laser detector elements 14 relative to the laser sources 10 is again assumed, so that the laser beams (cf.
- the photodetectors 14 can be considered at this point that, instead of a circular / annular arrangement for the laser 10 and laser detectors 14, an oval or an angular or another arrangement could also be considered. As a rule, the arrangement is chosen such that as many voxels (cells of the matrix 18) as possible can be transilluminated with the radiation lobe of the laser sources 10. In this case, the transmitted light (line integral of the radiation) is received by the (preferably) opposing laser detector units 14.
- the laser sources 10 are time-divisionally switched so that a complete pass along the ring 10 corresponds to the acoustically necessary scanning period, a series of sufficiently many spatial line projections are included for each acoustic scanning period. This means that a scan of the laser scan may last at most as long as the sampling period resulting from the sampling rate. From the large number of line projections z. B. determined by rear projection, the local sound pressure change.
- acoustic sound in space can be projected contactlessly in real time onto any surface or spatial structure.
- laser beams allows the geometric dimensions of the imaging system to move in several decades, from a few centimeters to a few kilometers (six or more decades of spatial dynamic range).
- the arrangement of the laser sources 10 is opposite to the laser detectors 14 or the respective laser detector elements (pixels), so that the optical parameters can be determined transmissively
- a reflected measurement can take place.
- a reflector is then always provided opposite to the laser sources, which reflects back the laser beams, so that they can be received again on the side of the laser sources.
- the reflective measurement offers the additional advantage that not all the space has to be covered by laser sources and photodetectors.
- the laser beams can invisibly irradiate, z. B. infrared laser, so that a (physically, physiologically, psychologically) completely residue-free field measurement is possible.
- the laser source referred to herein as laser which operates normally in the UV, IR or visible range, based on a different technology than the laser technology.
- a laser or laser scanner is generally understood to mean a radiation source or radiation source used for measurement purposes), which is suitable for the optical scanning of physical parameters in space.
- the sound sources (see reference numerals 19a and 19b) generate mechanical waves in space and thus in the spatially simultaneous sum of wavefronts.
- the spatially and temporally resolved activity (the local sound pressure of the sound sources 19a and 19b) is detected by means of the radiation sources 14a and 10b and by means of spatially distributed radiation detector elements, which are illustrated by the dashed line 14.
- the radiation sensors 14 can be arranged at arbitrary points in space. It should also be noted that the radiation sensors 14 can be used both in combination with the laser source 10a and in combination with the laser source 10b, thus forming the laser scanner.
- the sound sources 19a and 19b are reconstructed starting from the voxel model determined as explained above in an inverse method directly or processed at the identical location with the same time profile. With this procedure, there are no differences with regard to the wave field, not even with changed room conditions or moving objects. This fact follows from the reconstruction of the sound source. Starting from this, a further realization example is shown in FIG. 3b. In the same arrangement of the sound sources 19a and 19b and radiation sources 10a and 10b and the radiation detectors 14, the sound sources 19a and 19b are not reconstructed as in the embodiment of Fig. 3a, but the sound pressure produced by the sound sources 19a and 19b along the line 191.
- the laser-based sound field detection can be used wherever the medium for the used radiation is sufficiently transmissive and at least one optical parameter of the medium is sound pressure dependent. For example, by triangulation with two (or more) surface projections, one could locate a sound source that is or moves in air or water. It is possible to measure the internal pressure distribution in translucent materials (glass, plastic, crystals) in order, for example, to check the quality of the glass tempering.
- the non-contact sensing in transmission occurs upon transmission of the medium along the first and second laser beams.
- the non-contact detection may include the substep of determining a transmission characteristic (transmittance) of the transmitted medium and / or determining a scattering property (scattering degree, characteristic) of the transmitted medium.
- aspects have been described in the context of a device, it will be understood that these aspects also constitute a description of the corresponding method, so that a block or a component of a device is also to be understood as a corresponding method step or as a feature of a method step. Similarly, aspects described in connection with or as a method step also represent a description of a corresponding block or detail or feature of a corresponding device.
- Some or all of the method steps may be performed by a hardware device (or using a hardware device). Apparatus), such as a microprocessor, a programmable computer or an electronic circuit. In some embodiments, some or more of the most important method steps may be performed by such an apparatus.
- embodiments of the invention may be implemented in hardware or in software.
- the implementation may be performed using a digital storage medium, such as a floppy disk, a DVD, a Blu-ray Disc, a CD, a ROM, a PROM, an EPROM, an EEPROM or FLASH memory, a hard disk, or other magnetic disk or optical memory are stored on the electronically readable control signals that can cooperate with a programmable computer system or cooperate such that the respective method is performed. Therefore, the digital storage medium can be computer readable.
- some embodiments according to the invention include a data carrier having electronically readable control signals capable of interacting with a programmable computer system such that one of the methods described herein is performed.
- embodiments of the present invention may be implemented as a computer program product having a program code, wherein the program code is operable to perform one of the methods when the computer program product runs on a computer.
- the program code can also be stored, for example, on a machine-readable carrier.
- inventions include the computer program for performing any of the methods described herein, wherein the computer program is stored on a machine-readable medium.
- an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention is thus a computer program which has program code for carrying out one of the methods described herein when the computer program runs on a computer.
- a further embodiment of the inventive method is thus a data carrier (or a digital storage medium or a computer-readable medium) on which the computer program is recorded for carrying out one of the methods described herein.
- a further embodiment of the method according to the invention is thus a data stream or a sequence of signals, which represent the computer program for performing one of the methods described herein.
- the data stream or the sequence of signals may be configured, for example, to be transferred via a data communication connection, for example via the Internet.
- Another embodiment includes a processing device, such as a computer or a programmable logic device, that is configured or adapted to perform one of the methods described herein.
- a processing device such as a computer or a programmable logic device, that is configured or adapted to perform one of the methods described herein.
- Another embodiment includes a computer on which the computer program is installed to perform one of the methods described herein.
- Another embodiment according to the invention comprises a device or system adapted to transmit a computer program for performing at least one of the methods described herein to a receiver.
- the transmission can be done for example electronically or optically.
- the receiver may be, for example, a computer, a mobile device, a storage device or a similar device.
- the device or system may include a file server for transmitting the computer program to the recipient.
- a programmable logic device eg, a field programmable gate array, an FPGA
- a field programmable gate array may cooperate with a microprocessor to perform one of the methods described herein.
- the methods are performed by any hardware device. This may be a universal hardware such as a computer processor (CPU) or hardware specific to the process, such as an ASIC.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Remote Sensing (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102016216352.3A DE102016216352A1 (de) | 2016-08-30 | 2016-08-30 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Tomographie von Schall |
| PCT/EP2017/071571 WO2018041789A1 (de) | 2016-08-30 | 2017-08-28 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur tomographie von schall |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3507575A1 true EP3507575A1 (de) | 2019-07-10 |
Family
ID=59955526
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17771986.1A Withdrawn EP3507575A1 (de) | 2016-08-30 | 2017-08-28 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur tomographie von schall |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US11215501B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3507575A1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP2019528454A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102016216352A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2018041789A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH08280663A (ja) * | 1995-04-13 | 1996-10-29 | Hitachi Medical Corp | 螺旋走査型x線ct装置 |
| US6590661B1 (en) * | 1999-01-20 | 2003-07-08 | J. Mitchell Shnier | Optical methods for selectively sensing remote vocal sound waves |
| DE10057922C2 (de) | 2000-11-22 | 2002-11-07 | Htw Dresden | Anordnung zur Messung und visuellen Darstellung von Schalldruckfeldern |
| WO2002067779A1 (en) * | 2001-02-28 | 2002-09-06 | Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. | Multi-radiation source x-ray ct apparatus |
| JP4754360B2 (ja) * | 2006-01-16 | 2011-08-24 | 学校法人東海大学 | 光マイクロホン |
| JP4806739B2 (ja) | 2006-04-21 | 2011-11-02 | 学校法人東海大学 | 相関演算方式光マイクロホン |
| US8286493B2 (en) * | 2006-09-01 | 2012-10-16 | Audiozoom Ltd. | Sound sources separation and monitoring using directional coherent electromagnetic waves |
| JP5187721B2 (ja) | 2007-07-10 | 2013-04-24 | 国立大学法人群馬大学 | 音響計測装置及び音響計測方法 |
| WO2010073308A1 (ja) * | 2008-12-22 | 2010-07-01 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 放射線断層撮影方法 |
| US20140182383A1 (en) * | 2012-12-28 | 2014-07-03 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Object information obtaining device, display method, and non-transitory computer-readable storage medium |
| DE102013105726B3 (de) * | 2013-06-04 | 2014-12-04 | Petra Sonja Biedermann | Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Detektion und Lokalisierung von Infraschall |
| US9377349B2 (en) * | 2013-08-23 | 2016-06-28 | Google Inc. | Free-space optically accessed acoustically modulated retro-reflector arrays |
| WO2015102115A1 (ja) | 2014-01-06 | 2015-07-09 | 株式会社 東芝 | X線コンピュータ断層撮影装置及びフォトンカウンティングct装置 |
| JP6465580B2 (ja) * | 2014-07-23 | 2019-02-06 | 俊幸 中宮 | 音波検出装置並びに音波検出装置を用いた音場可視化装置及びセンサ |
| CN104374464B (zh) * | 2014-11-17 | 2017-10-10 | 北京智谷睿拓技术服务有限公司 | 振动信息获取方法及振动信息获取装置 |
-
2016
- 2016-08-30 DE DE102016216352.3A patent/DE102016216352A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2017
- 2017-08-28 JP JP2019511890A patent/JP2019528454A/ja active Pending
- 2017-08-28 EP EP17771986.1A patent/EP3507575A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-08-28 WO PCT/EP2017/071571 patent/WO2018041789A1/de not_active Ceased
-
2019
- 2019-02-27 US US16/287,950 patent/US11215501B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| M MARTARELLI ET AL: "Coherent Tomographic Laser Interferometry for the aero-acoustic characterization of cold jets", 9 July 2012 (2012-07-09), pages 12, XP055672191, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Coherent-Tomographic-Laser-Interferometry-for-the-Martarelli-Castellini/b8d2b7164f74a9422889d2f5089d4a1d6cb239ab> [retrieved on 20200227] * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US11215501B2 (en) | 2022-01-04 |
| US20190195681A1 (en) | 2019-06-27 |
| DE102016216352A1 (de) | 2018-03-01 |
| WO2018041789A1 (de) | 2018-03-08 |
| JP2019528454A (ja) | 2019-10-10 |
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