EP3505268A1 - Machine de laminage pour former un filetage sur un corps cylindrique et procédé de synchronisation mutuelle des rouleaux d'une machine de laminage - Google Patents

Machine de laminage pour former un filetage sur un corps cylindrique et procédé de synchronisation mutuelle des rouleaux d'une machine de laminage Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3505268A1
EP3505268A1 EP18212692.0A EP18212692A EP3505268A1 EP 3505268 A1 EP3505268 A1 EP 3505268A1 EP 18212692 A EP18212692 A EP 18212692A EP 3505268 A1 EP3505268 A1 EP 3505268A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
forming
forming rollers
threads
cylindrical body
rollers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP18212692.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Pietro Farina
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Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP3505268A1 publication Critical patent/EP3505268A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
    • B21H3/00—Making helical bodies or bodies having parts of helical shape
    • B21H3/02—Making helical bodies or bodies having parts of helical shape external screw-threads ; Making dies for thread rolling
    • B21H3/04—Making by means of profiled-rolls or die rolls
    • B21H3/042—Thread-rolling heads
    • B21H3/046—Thread-rolling heads working radially
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21H—MAKING PARTICULAR METAL OBJECTS BY ROLLING, e.g. SCREWS, WHEELS, RINGS, BARRELS, BALLS
    • B21H3/00—Making helical bodies or bodies having parts of helical shape
    • B21H3/02—Making helical bodies or bodies having parts of helical shape external screw-threads ; Making dies for thread rolling
    • B21H3/04—Making by means of profiled-rolls or die rolls

Definitions

  • the present invention regards a rolling machine for forming a threading on a cylindrical body and a method for mutually synchronising forming rollers of a rolling machine, according to the preamble of the respective independent claims.
  • the rolling machine and the method subject of the present invention regard the industrial field of precision mechanical machining aimed at providing - by means of cold plastic deformation - high mechanical performance machining in particular in terms of toughness and fatigue strength.
  • the machine and method in question are advantageously designated to be used for obtaining threadings of various types on metal cylindrical bodies, in particular made of steel, such as bars, shafts, rods etc.
  • Rolling machines comprising two or more forming rollers mounted on a support structure, each of which is provided with a threading, are currently available in the market.
  • the cylindrical body to be machined is supported along a central work axis of the machine in a centred position with respect to the various forming rollers.
  • the threadings of the latter are mutually synchronised and cooperated with each other to plastically deform the surface of the cylindrical body to be machined, so that the imprint left by the roller is synchronised with the imprint of the adjacent rollers to obtain a final imprint of the desired depth and shape, and obtained through the joint action of the single forming rollers.
  • the forming by means of the rolling machine with cold plastic deformation allows producing cylindrical bodies provided with a particularly mechanically resistant threading.
  • the metal fibres, for example made of steel, of the body to be machined with the deformation are not sheared, as it instead occurs in a conventional milling process, but deformed progressively up to obtaining the required imprint.
  • the rolling machine confers - to the machined cylindrical body - forging properties that increase the fatigue strength of the metal that the cylindrical body to be machined is made of and also increase the static load at the base of the thread. It is known that the mechanical strength of a threading obtained by means of a rolling machine is in the order of 30% higher than that obtained using a normal shearing process.
  • each forming roller be mounted on a tool holder shaft, which is driven to rotate by a corresponding motor.
  • each forming roller be controlled to move by a corresponding actuator along a transverse axis substantially perpendicular to the work axis, to impart, by compression, with a threading thereof, an imprint on the metal body to be formed.
  • the cylindrical body to be formed is supported at the centre of the work axis by a special support and it is cold-deformed by the threadings of the forming rollers that act thereon in compression rotating above it.
  • the threading imprint left by each forming roller on the metal body to be machined must reproduce - in an extremely precise manner - the imprint carried out by the threading of the previous forming roller to form the desired final threading on the metal body to be machined as a succession of threading operations.
  • the radial compression stresses and the axial shear stresses transmitted by the forming rollers on the cylindrical body are very high, and thus two or more forming rollers are generally used so as to distribute the stresses in a balanced fashion and avoid the risk of breaking.
  • the rolling machines may provide for controlling the machining operations on the cylindrical body by means of a logic control unit preferably of the type numerical control controlled by an external computer (CNC).
  • a logic control unit preferably of the type numerical control controlled by an external computer (CNC).
  • the logic control unit receives the instructions from the operator through a work program that utilises an ISO standardised coding language.
  • the threads of the forming rollers of the rolling machines are spiral-wound in the axial extension direction of the roller so that when the forming roller is actuated to rotate carrying out an angular displacement, there correspondingly occurs the axial displacement of the threading on the outer surface of the forming roller.
  • the cylindrical body advances axially and rotates at contact with the forming rollers, and thus there arises the need for the imprint impressed thereon by a forming roller, and that - as mentioned above - it first carries out an angular and axial displacement during passage to the subsequent forming roller, to be precisely reproduced by the imprint of the forming roller that follows.
  • the forming rollers be perfectly mutually synchronised so that the imprints left on the cylindrical body are perfectly centred with respect to each other.
  • machines and methods capable of detecting the precise position of the threading of the forming rollers are not known.
  • the axes of the single forming rollers are not entirely parallel to each other given that in order to advance the piece to be machined they must have a tilt angle with respect to each other. This angulation must be kept into account to obtain a precise synchronisation of the threadings of the single forming rollers.
  • a problem observed in the rolling machines industry lies in defining - in an extremely precise manner - the relative position of the forming rollers (i.e. the relative position of their threadings) so that the imprint obtained by a forming roller on the cylindrical body is reproduced correctly in a precise manner by the one obtained by the subsequent forming roller.
  • forming rollers do not have reference points that allow mounting - in a precise position - each forming roller on the tool holder shaft so that it can define the mutual position thereof a priori and accurately.
  • the seat of the key obtained in the forming roller for mounting on the tool holder shaft is manufactured without considering the relative threading position and thus once mounted on the shafts, the forming rollers must be mutually synchronised to define the mutual positions.
  • each tool holder shaft is controlled and known by the logic control unit of the machine in an extremely precise manner for example due to the use of brushless electric motors to actuate the tool holder shafts.
  • such motors allow to precisely know the position and angular speed of the drive shaft and thus of the tool holder shaft connected to the drive shaft connected to each other by means of a transmission, for example a universal joint.
  • the operator In order to synchronize the forming rollers, the operator normally operates manually using special adjustment knobs provided for each of the forming rollers and susceptible to impart small angular displacements to the rollers. Furthermore, such method for synchronising the forming rollers provides for the use of specimen samples, generally made of plastic material or soft iron, on which machining cycles for receiving the imprints of the threadings of the single rollers are carried out and thus verify - upon examining the imprints - whether the rollers are mutually synchronised.
  • the operator After each test machining cycle, the operator checks the imprint generated by the forming rollers on the sample specimens and carries out the appropriate corrections to the angular position of the single rollers.
  • a drawback stemming from the synchronisation method used by the rolling machines of the known type lies in the fact that the synchronisation precision excessively depends on the experience and ability of the operator and thus it does not allow a standardised quality. Furthermore, a further drawback lies in the costs for using numerous sample cylinders that have to be allocated to achieve the correct synchronisation of the forming rollers.
  • the problem on which the present invention is based is to overcome the drawbacks revealed by the solutions of the known type mentioned above, by providing a rolling machine to form a threading on a cylindrical body and a method for mutually synchronising the forming rollers of a rolling machine, which allow synchronising the forming rollers in an extremely precise manner.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a rolling machine for forming a threading on a cylindrical body and a method for mutually synchronising forming rollers of a rolling machine, that do not require the intervention of an operator.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a rolling machine for forming a threading on a cylindrical body and a method for mutually synchronising forming rollers of a rolling machine, which allow the precise synchronisation of the forming rollers arranged on axes not parallel to each other too.
  • the rolling machine in question is generally designated to be used for obtaining the aforementioned threadings on cylindrical bodies of mechanical members such as shafts, bars, rods etc. for a wide range of applications.
  • cylindrical body the piece or mechanical member on which the threading machining is to be carried out such as for example a shaft, a bar, a rod or any other cylindrical member.
  • the threadings are obtained, in a per se known and conventional manner, by means of cold plastic deformation of the surface of the cylindrical body to be formed by placing the cylindrical body in compression between several forming rollers 6 arranged peripherally with respect to the cylindrical body that is thus centred with respect to the forming rollers.
  • the rolling machine 1 is provided with a support structure 2 designated to be placed on the ground, mechanically associated to which are two or more forming rollers 6, which, as described in detail hereinafter, act with the threading thereof against the lateral surface of the cylindrical body to be formed being actuated to operate rotating, in first approximation around mutually parallel axes, in a common direction of rotation, and in compression on the lateral surface of the cylindrical body to be formed.
  • the support structure 2 is obtained by means of a metal framework between a front part, from which the supply of the cylindrical body to be formed occurs, and a rear part in which the drive means of the forming rollers are generally provided.
  • the support structure 2 extends longitudinally between a front wall 3 and a rear wall 4, each advantageously provided with a central opening 5 for the passage of the cylindrical body to be machined.
  • Each forming roller 6 consists, in a per se conventional manner, of a cylindrical body, preferably made of steel, provided with a central symmetry axis corresponding to the rotation axis Z thereof, and it is provided with a threading 8 formed by at least one thread.
  • each forming roller 6 may consist of a single thread or several threads arranged adjacent and parallel.
  • the expression threading 8 is thus used to indicate a thread, whether single or an assembly of several threads, extending on the outer lateral surface of the forming rollers 6. Solely for the sake of descriptive clarity, hereinafter the threading 8 shall be deemed to consist of a single thread so that such terminals coincide same case applying to the reference point "8", but the threading may obviously consist of several threads without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention.
  • Each thread 8 continuously extends with a spiral shape extending being wound on the outer surface of the forming roller 6 advancing along the extension and rotation longitudinal axis Z thereof.
  • Each thread 8 appears formed, in a reading longitudinal direction parallel to the axis Z thereof, by a succession of sections 12 which are obviously continuously circumferentially connected to each other to form a single spiral-wound thread.
  • the thread 8 has a cross-section with respect to the spiral extension thereof for example approximately triangular or trapezoidal-shaped with outer crests 9 tapered with respect to a widened base. At the crests 9, the radius of the forming roller 6 is maximum, while at the bottoms 10 which are alternating with respect to the crests 9, the radius of the forming rollers 6 is minimum.
  • the crests 9 and the bottoms 10 are connected by tilted sides 11.
  • the pitch P of the threading 8 is defined by the axial distance between two crests 9 in succession while the radial distance between the crests 9 and the bottoms 10 defines the depth L of the threading 9.
  • the thread 8 extends on the outer peripheral surface of the roller 6 and around the rotation axis Z with a helical extension and with shape and pitch characteristics that change depending on the application needs of the cylindrical body to be formed.
  • the machine 1 provides for two forming rollers 6, arranged at 180 degrees from each other, which are suitable for the cold plastic deformation of the cylindrical body to be formed positioned along the central work axis A of the machine and supported in such position, by a special support structure (not illustrated) for example consisting of a plate with a V-shaped concavity facing upwards and fixed to the support structure of the machine 1.
  • the machine may obviously provide for a different number of forming rollers 6, in particular three forming rollers 6 arranged at 120 degrees with respect to each other, without departing from the scope of protection of the present invention.
  • the machine 1 further comprises two or more actuator means 15 mounted on the support structure 2, each mechanically connected to a corresponding forming roller 6 to displace it along a respective first transverse axis R substantially perpendicular to the work axis A.
  • the actuator means 15 actuate the forming rollers 6 to translate along the first transverse axes R approaching and moving away with respect to the central work axis A and thus with respect to the cylindrical body to be formed.
  • the forming rollers 6 are positioned around the central work axis A with the extension axes Z thereof in first approximation substantially parallel to the central work axis A and at a radial distance adjustable due to the actuation of the actuator means 15. More precisely, the axes of the forming rollers are slightly tilted with respect to each other to determine the advancement of the cylindrical body to be machined.
  • each of such actuator means 15 is provided with a movable head 21, mounted on which is a corresponding forming roller 6 to displace it along a respective first transverse axis R perpendicular to the work axis A.
  • the actuator means 15 are obtained with hydraulic actuators of the linear type directed with the displacement axis aligned with the first transverse axis R for displacing the corresponding forming roller 6 and passing through the work axis A.
  • Each actuator 15 is provided with a hollow cylindrical body fixed to the front wall 3 of the support structure 2 of the machine 1 advantageously in a conventional manner by means of a support carcass, not illustrated.
  • a piston 20 Slidably mounted along the first transverse axis R in the hollow cylindrical body is a piston 20 provided with the movable head 21, which mechanically supports a corresponding forming roller 6.
  • the actuator 15 is connected to a pressurised oil hydraulic system capable of displacing the piston 20 and the roller supported thereby along such first transverse axis R as well as placing the forming roller 6 under pressure with an adjustable force against the outer surface of the cylindrical body to be formed.
  • the mechanical connection between the forming rollers 6 and the actuator means 15 occurs by means of brackets 27, which are mechanically fixed to the movable heads 21 of the pistons 20 by means of bolts and comprise two drilled lateral fins 28 in which bearings for supporting the forming rollers 6 are housed.
  • drive means 16 arranged on the support structure 2, mechanically connected to the forming rollers 6 to drive them in rotation resting against the cylindrical body to be formed so as to impress a cold plastic deformation on the outer surface thereof.
  • the forming rollers 6 have a seat, for example a through hole provided along the longitudinal extension axis Z thereof, in which a tool holder shaft 14, connected by means of a transmission to the drive means 16, is inserted in a coupling fashion.
  • the latter are for example obtained with electric motors in particular of the brushless type, each associated to a corresponding forming roller 6, and provided with a drive shaft connected to the tool holder shaft by means of a universal joint transmission.
  • the drive means 16 are capable of precisely controlling the rotation speed of the shafts thereof and the angular position thereof (and thus of the forming roller that they drive in rotation) with respect to angular reference position.
  • the cardans interposed between the drive shafts and the tool holder shafts 14 allow the transmission of the rotation without necessarily requiring the alignment of the drive shafts with the axes of the forming rollers 6, which can thus rotate at different distances from the central work axis A and they can have a different tilt with respect to the rotational axes of the drive shafts.
  • two forming rollers 6 arranged at 180° from each other with respect to the work axis A so as to equally distribute the stresses on the cylindrical body to be formed.
  • the machine 1 further comprises two or more sensor means 30, each one of which is mounted fixed on the movable head 21 associated to a corresponding forming roller 6, and it detects the distance D of the thread section, or at least one reference point on the thread section, of the corresponding forming roller 6 generating corresponding measurement signals.
  • the machine 1 comprises a logic control unit, which is in communication with the sensor means 30 to receive the measurement signals therefrom and thus define the relative position of the threads on the forming rollers 6.
  • the sensor means Being integrally joined and fixed with respect to the movable head 21 of the piston 20, the sensor means follow all the movements of the forming roller 6 and they are thus capable of correctly reading the position of the threading even should the axis of the forming roller be different with respect to that of the other forming rollers 6, for example due to the change of dimensions of the cylindrical body to be formed and provided for is a different axial sliding of the cylindrical body so as to make the threads of the different forming rollers coincide.
  • the rotation axes of the forming rollers 6 are susceptible to be adjusted, in a known manner, in the mutual tilt thereof in particular to vary the axial sliding of the cylindrical body.
  • the machine comprises adjustment means (not illustrated in the drawings in that of the type per se known to a man skilled in the art) to vary the tilt of the movable head.
  • the invention shows that being mounted on the movable head 21 of the piston 20 on which the forming roller is mounted, the sensor means are not affected, to their extent, by the variation of such tilt which always remains - with respect to the forming roller 6 - with the same spatial reference, i.e. it does not change with respect to the variation of the tilt of the forming roller 6.
  • the logic control unit is programmed to continuously detect the measurement signals of the sensor means 30 during the rotation of the forming rollers 6 acquiring - for each forming roller 6 - the position of a reference point M associated to the sections of the threads.
  • the logic control unit is programmed for calculating the angular offset between the forming rollers 6 based on the relative angular position of the reference points P associated to the sections of the threads of the forming rollers 6.
  • the reduction of the distance detected by the sensor means 30 and received by the logic control unit is associated to an increasing section of the thread in the juxtaposed position with respect to the sensor means, while an increase of the distance detected by the sensor means 30 and received by the logic control unit is associated to a decreasing section of the thread.
  • the logic control unit can recognise the presence of a reference point on the thread relative to the crest.
  • many crests 9 or many bottoms 10 can be detected and then proceed to obtain the mean values.
  • the reference point associated to the section of the threads of the forming rollers 6 and detected by the logic control unit through the sensor means 30 may for example regard the crest of the threads as mentioned above, or the bottoms 10 otherwise.
  • the logic control unit is electrically connected to the sensor means 30 and to the drive means 16 to synchronize the threadings 8 of the forming rollers 6. Obviously, the logic control unit is electrically connected to the actuator means 15 too, to control the cylindrical bodies forming operations.
  • the sensor means 30 consist of an optical sensor in particular a triangulation laser optical sensor which allows to carry out remote measurements i.e. contactless and wearless measurements.
  • the laser optical sensor 30 emits a laser beam schematically indicated with 31 in form of a triangle in the attached figures.
  • the measurement method by means of laser triangulation provides for that a laser diode emits a beam which hits the thread of the forming roller, emitted from which is a reflected light beam which - through a lens - reaches a CCD/CMOS matrix or a PSD analogue sensor.
  • the distance is established with extreme precision by applying simple trigonometric calculations, and the resolution obtained with this method is smaller than the fractions of micrometres.
  • the laser optical sensor is focused for detecting distances comprised within an interval of 50-250 mm starting from a distance from the sensor of 45-70 mm.
  • the sensor provides precise measurement indications, even considerably changing the dimensions of the forming roller 6.
  • a method for synchronising forming rollers 6 of a rolling machine 1, in particular of the type described above, regarding which the same reference numbers will be maintained for the sake of descriptive clarity, is an object of the present invention.
  • the method according to the present invention provides for that the logic control unit continuously detects the measurement signals of the sensor means during a forming rollers rotation step.
  • Such rotation step may advantageously be provided in an initial machine setting step.
  • the angular offset between the threadings of the forming rollers is calculated based on the acquisition - for each forming roller 6 - of the angular position of a reference point associated with the section of said threads, in particular relative to the crest of the threads, and detected by means of said measurement signals.
  • a reference point on the threads for example the crest, is recognised for each forming roller using the measurement signals.
  • Such reference point is identified with reference to an angular position of the forming roller detected directly for example through the brushless motor of the drive means 16 which controls the rotation of the forming rollers 6.
  • the logic control unit can synchronise the forming rollers 6, should they not be synchronised with each other, controlling the rotation of at least one of the forming rollers 6 by actuating the drive means 16 so as to make the angular position for detecting the reference signal coincide on the sections on the threads of the forming rollers 6 so that they leave imprints that can be superimposed in succession on the cylindrical bodies to be formed.
  • the reference point of the section of the threads is selected in the crest of the threads, and the acquisition - for each forming roller 6 - of the angular position of the crest of the threads is calculated by detecting, by means of the sensor means 30, the passage between decreasing distance measurement values and increasing distance measurement values. Such detection can be further repeated for many threads, in particular it can simultaneously provide for detecting the bottom of the threads or even mathematical calculations to refine the detection of a precise reference point on the threads.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Shaping Metal By Deep-Drawing, Or The Like (AREA)
  • Rolls And Other Rotary Bodies (AREA)
EP18212692.0A 2017-12-29 2018-12-14 Machine de laminage pour former un filetage sur un corps cylindrique et procédé de synchronisation mutuelle des rouleaux d'une machine de laminage Withdrawn EP3505268A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT201700150980 2017-12-29

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EP3505268A1 true EP3505268A1 (fr) 2019-07-03

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EP18212692.0A Withdrawn EP3505268A1 (fr) 2017-12-29 2018-12-14 Machine de laminage pour former un filetage sur un corps cylindrique et procédé de synchronisation mutuelle des rouleaux d'une machine de laminage

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EP (1) EP3505268A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN109985998A (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112846011A (zh) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-28 邯郸市燕赵紧固件制造有限公司 一种多功能滚丝机
IT202000001375A1 (it) * 2020-01-24 2021-07-24 Evirt Italia S R L Procedimento per mettere in fase tra loro rulli formatori di una macchina rullatrice e macchina rullatrice per formare una filettatura su di un corpo cilindrico

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11465221B2 (en) * 2020-12-28 2022-10-11 GM Global Technology Operations LLC Hybrid threading tool with cutting portion and rolling portion

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE924103C (de) * 1952-04-13 1955-03-21 Pee Wee Maschinen Und Appbau I Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum optischen Einstellen von mit Profilen versehenen Werkzeugwalzen, insbesondere an Gewindewalzmaschinen
DE10011681A1 (de) * 2000-03-10 2001-09-13 Bad Dueben Profilwalzmaschinen Verfahren zum Einstellen der Steigungs-Referenz zwischen den Profilwalzen einer Profilwalzmaschine
EP3112044A1 (fr) * 2015-07-02 2017-01-04 Mico S.r.l. Machine de laminage pour former un filetage sur des corps cylindriques et procédé de mise en phase formant ensemble des rouleaux d'une machine de laminage

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE924103C (de) * 1952-04-13 1955-03-21 Pee Wee Maschinen Und Appbau I Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum optischen Einstellen von mit Profilen versehenen Werkzeugwalzen, insbesondere an Gewindewalzmaschinen
DE10011681A1 (de) * 2000-03-10 2001-09-13 Bad Dueben Profilwalzmaschinen Verfahren zum Einstellen der Steigungs-Referenz zwischen den Profilwalzen einer Profilwalzmaschine
EP3112044A1 (fr) * 2015-07-02 2017-01-04 Mico S.r.l. Machine de laminage pour former un filetage sur des corps cylindriques et procédé de mise en phase formant ensemble des rouleaux d'une machine de laminage

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT202000001375A1 (it) * 2020-01-24 2021-07-24 Evirt Italia S R L Procedimento per mettere in fase tra loro rulli formatori di una macchina rullatrice e macchina rullatrice per formare una filettatura su di un corpo cilindrico
CN112846011A (zh) * 2020-12-31 2021-05-28 邯郸市燕赵紧固件制造有限公司 一种多功能滚丝机

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