EP3502413B1 - Method and device for mechanically piercing and depositing turf sod - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a device for mechanized cutting and laying of peat sod and a loader or excavator, in particular hydraulic excavators.

Methods and devices for mechanically digging and depositing peat sods have been known in principle for a long time, as disclosed in DE19 50 489 A1 .

A so-called punch box is used in some of these known devices. So far, the peat sods cut with the cutting box are laid down in the form of subdivided blocks and then manually rearranged several times for better drying. This is very time-consuming and labor-intensive.

The object of the present invention is therefore to reduce the proportion of manual activities when drying peat sods.

A method, which is not part of the invention, for mechanically digging and depositing peat sods, comprises a) cutting out a cuboid peat body from a moor profile, in particular with vertical digging into the moor profile to a depth of one peat sod height and horizontal separation from the moor profile over several peat sod widths , b) dividing the peat body that has been cut out into several peat sods and c) depositing the peat sods in a plane at a lateral distance from one another. Step c) can also be regarded as spreading the arrangement of the peat sods before or during the laying of them in a plane. be designated. Due to the lateral distance between the peat sods, the Dry peat sods faster. It should be noted that the distance does not have to be constant or identical in all directions and/or among one another.

The above-mentioned object is achieved by a device, in particular an attachment for a loader or excavator, for mechanically digging and depositing peat sods, comprising a frame, a front digging knife fixed to the frame, in particular vertical, a controlled relative to the frame, in particular horizontal, movable cutting box with a horizontal main cutting blade, and cutting molds that can be lowered and raised in a controlled manner in the cutting box and that can be separated laterally from one another for dividing a peat body cut out in the cutting box into several peat sods. "Scoring shapes" should be understood as shapes that are arranged close together and have a resemblance to compartments made of corrugated cardboard. In the description, the "scoring shapes" are also referred to as "compartments".

Furthermore, the present invention provides a loader or excavator, particularly a hydraulic excavator, comprising a device according to claim 1.

Furthermore, the depositing of the peat sods includes a simultaneous depositing of the peat sods in the plane.

Alternatively, the laying down of the peat sods can comprise successive laying down of the peat sods in the plane.

Furthermore, provision can be made for the peat sods to be spatially separated from one another at a lateral distance even before they are laid down.

Furthermore, it can be provided that the peat sods are conveyed to a storage location before they are deposited, in particular by moving or transferring, such as lifting and setting down, for example. The storage location is advantageously located to the side of the "Driving direction" of the device, in which the device is moved over a moor profile or a moor field.

Furthermore, a means used for cutting out or a part thereof is also used for conveying the peat sods. In particular, the means used for cutting out can be a punch box.

The peat sods are expediently placed on a pallet.

Furthermore, it can be provided that steps a) - c) are repeated several times and the peat sods are stacked in several levels.

Furthermore, the peat sods from successive stacking levels are offset by 90° around the stacking axis. This also promotes rapid drying of the peat sods.

Advantageously, the hydraulic excavator has a hydrostatic power supply designed to operate the device as well.

Furthermore, the hydraulic excavator advantageously has a hydraulic circuit diagram in which stepless pressure limitation is provided for mechanical cutting and separating processes of the device. This is particularly beneficial as the bog profile may include roots and other wood bodies. The stepless pressure limitation can prevent self-damage of the device or the hydraulic excavator when grasping pieces of wood etc. in the field. In this context, it may be advisable to make a horizontal cut with the main cutting blade before cutting the individual peat sods. Alternatively, the individual steps or part of them can be initiated via limit switches.

The present invention is based on the surprising finding that by "separating" the peat sods, i.e. "putting them in gaps", faster automated drying is possible without the previously required manual step of "splitting". In addition, in a special embodiment, in which the second layer of peat sods is offset by 90° on the first layer of peat sods, so that several layers can be stacked up depending on the consistency of the peat, the previously required manual step of "rolling" can also be automated . On the other hand, it can also be advantageous to stack the peat sods of all layers in the longitudinal direction. It has been shown that then the stability is the same, but the drying is better.

Figur 1A

einen Hydraulikbagger gemäß einer besonderen Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung

Figur 1B

eine hydrostatische Energieversorgung des Hydraulikbaggers von Fig. 1 gemäß einer besonderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung;

Figur 2

eine perspektivische Ansicht von einer Vorrichtung zum maschinellen Stechen und Ablegen von Torfsoden gemäß einer besonderen Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung, beispielsweise zum Hydraulikbagger von Figur 1 gehörend;

Figur 3

eine perspektivische Ansicht von einem Gestell der Vorrichtung von Figur 2;

Figur 4

eine perspektivische Ansicht (unten links), eine Seitenansicht (oben links), eine Schnittansicht (oben rechts) und eine Draufsicht (Mitte rechts) von einem Gefach der Vorrichtung von Figur 2;

Figur 5

eine Vorrichtung zum maschinellen Stechen und Ablegen von Torfsoden gemäß einer besonderen Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung, insbesondere gemäß Figur 2, im Einsatz über einem Moorprofil (Boden) zu Beginn der Durchführung eines Verfahrens zum maschinellen Stechen und Ablegen von Torfsoden gemäß einer besonderen Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung in Seitenansicht;

Figur 6A

die Vorrichtung von Figur 5 in einem späteren Stadium des Verfahrens beim Schließen eines Stechkastens in Seitenansicht;

Figur 6B

Details der Vorrichtung von Figur 6A in perspektivischer Ansicht;

Figur 7A

die Vorrichtung der Figuren 6A und 6B in einem späteren Stadium des Verfahrens beim Absenken und Separieren von Gefachen in Seitenansicht und in Schnittansicht (A-A);

Figur 7B

eine Einzelansicht eines Teils der Vorrichtung von Figur 7A in perspektivischer Ansicht;

Figur 8

die Vorrichtung von Figur 7 in einem späteren Stadium des Verfahrens beim Öffnen des Stechkastens in Seitenansicht und in Schnittansicht (A-A);

Figur 9

die Vorrichtung von Figur 8 in einem späteren Stadium des Verfahrens beim Anheben des Gefaches in die Ausgangsposition zurück in Seitenansicht; und

Figur 10

eine perspektivische Ansicht von einem Stapel aus Torfsoden, in diesem Beispiel aus Weisstorf.

Further features and advantages of the invention result from the appended claims and from the following description, in which exemplary embodiments are explained in detail with reference to the schematic drawings. It shows:

Figure 1A

a hydraulic excavator according to a specific embodiment of the present invention

Figure 1B

a hydrostatic power supply of the hydraulic excavator from 1 according to a particular embodiment of the invention;

figure 2

a perspective view of a device for mechanical cutting and laying of peat sods according to a particular embodiment of the present invention, for example for the hydraulic excavator of figure 1 belonging

figure 3

a perspective view of a frame of the device of figure 2 ;

figure 4

12 shows a perspective view (bottom left), a side view (top left), a sectional view (top right) and a plan view (middle right) of a compartment of the device of FIG figure 2 ;

figure 5

a device for mechanical cutting and depositing of peat sods according to a particular embodiment of the present invention, in particular according to figure 2 , in use over a moor profile (soil) at the beginning of the implementation of a method for mechanical cutting and depositing of peat sods according to a special embodiment of the present invention in side view;

Figure 6A

the device of figure 5 at a later stage of the process when closing a stick box in side view;

Figure 6B

Details of the device from Figure 6A in perspective view;

Figure 7A

the device of Figures 6A and 6B at a later stage of the process when lowering and separating compartments in side view and in sectional view (AA);

Figure 7B

a detail view of part of the device of FIG Figure 7A in perspective view;

figure 8

the device of figure 7 at a later stage of the process when opening the bite box in side view and in sectional view (AA);

figure 9

the device of figure 8 at a later stage of the process when lifting the compartment back to the starting position in side view; and

figure 10

a perspective view of a stack of peat sods, in this example white peat.

figure 1 shows a hydraulic excavator 10, which has a boom arm 12, at the free end of which there is a support bearing 14, in which a ball joint 16 of a device 18 for mechanical digging and depositing of peat sods according to a special embodiment of the present invention by means of a support bolt 20 and bolt locks ( not marked) is fastened and secured. The device 18 is therefore an attachment for the hydraulic excavator 10.

Hydraulic excavator 10 includes a hydrostatic power supply (not shown) configured to power device 18 as well. In this example, two hydraulic hoses 22 (see Fig. Figure 1B ) of the working hydraulic system (not shown) of the hydraulic excavator 10 is attached to an electronically switchable two-way valve 22A. One switching direction of the valve is responsible for turning the swivel motor 32 (left/right) and thus the device 18 . The other switching direction is responsible for the working steps (piercing and depositing) of the device 18, the individual working steps piercing (closing, piercing, separating) and depositing (opening, piercing back, separation back) then being triggered by limit switches.

Two 24, 26 of the four ports 24, 26, 28, 30 at the output of the electric valve 22A of the device are responsible for rotating the device 18. The hydraulic hoses connected thereto are normally used in this example to rotate a grapple (not shown), which is here replaced by the device. The other two 28, 30 of the four connections on the opposite side are responsible for the working hydraulics of a cutting box 34 belonging to the device. In this example, the hydraulic hoses connected to it are normally used to open and close a gripper, which is replaced here by the device.

The hydraulic excavator 10 is located on a bog profile 36. The bog profile 36 can be processed in a meandering shape, for example. For this purpose, the hydraulic excavator 10 moves in a meandering pattern over the bog profile 36 and cuts peat sods and deposits them, preferably to the side of its "travel direction".

The hydraulic excavator 10 advantageously has a hydraulic circuit diagram in which stepless pressure limitation is provided for mechanical cutting and separating processes of the device.

figure 2 shows the device 18 of the hydraulic excavator 10. It can be clearly seen that the device 18 has a frame 38. FIG. This is in the figure 3 shown again individually. As can be seen in particular on the basis of figure 3 the frame 38 comprises a steel lower frame 40 and a steel upper frame 42 connected by vertical steel braces 44 and two steel diagonal braces 46 . On the front side in the "direction of travel" is a vertical front piercing knife 48 (see Fig. figure 2 (Representation as a raw body) and figure 3 (Representation with cover against dirt)) welded on. The piercing knife 48 protrudes downward on the underside of the lower frame 40 .

The upper frame 42 has two inner steel braces 50 running parallel to one another, to the top of which a steel plate 54 is attached, for example by welding. The swivel motor 32 is fastened to the top of the plate 54 (see Fig. figure 2 ).

Furthermore, the cutting box 34 is located on the underside of the lower frame 40. This is via the working hydraulics between the rear (in figure 2 left) and the obverse (in figure 2 right) of the device 18 controlled movable. It has a U-shaped profile. Its leading edge 56 has a main horizontal cutting blade 58 . In addition, lateral vertical secondary cutting knives 60 are also provided on the front edge 56 . These secondary cutting knives can simply be formed by the leading edge 56 . The dimensions of the U-shaped profile of the cutting box 34 are chosen so that they are in principle with the outer dimensions of the underside of the lower frame 40 vertically downwardly protruding piercing knife 48 in order to form a receiving space for a (cut out) peat body.

Hydraulic cylinders extending parallel to the underside of the lower frame 40 (see Fig Figures 6A and 6B ) 62 provided. Furthermore, the device 18 in the cutting box 34 has compartments 64 that can be lowered and raised in a controlled manner and that can be separated laterally from one another for dividing a peat body that has been cut out in the cutting box 34 into several peat sods. Such a compartment is in the figure 4 shown. As can be seen in particular from the Figure 7A As follows, the compartments 64 can be lowered and raised by means of a vertical hydraulic cylinder 66, one end of which is fixed to the underside of the upper frame 66A and the other end of which is fixed to the base plate 66B, and by means of a horizontal hydraulic cylinder 68 (see Fig. Figure 7B ) having one end 68A fixed to the base plate and the other end 68B fixed to the outermost shelf, separate in a horizontal plane.

Each compartment 64 is divided into two sub-compartments 72 and 74 of equal size by a central partition 70 which acts like a knife (see Fig figure 4 ). On the upper side, each compartment 64 has guide tubes arranged centrally transversely to the longitudinal extension.

the Figures 5 to 9 are intended to show an example of an operation of the hydraulic excavator 10 . figure 5 shows the device 18 alone, ie without the other components of the hydraulic excavator 10, in use over a bog profile (soil) 36 at the beginning of the piercing of the front piercing blade 48. The cutting box 34 is in the rear position. As soon as the piercing knife 48 has penetrated the moor profile 36 to a depth of one peat sod, the cutting box 34 closes by moving it forward in the direction of the piercing knife 48. In this way, a cuboid peat body (not shown) is cut out of the moor profile 36 by the vertical digging into the moor profile to a depth of one peat sod height and horizontal cutting off the moor profile 36 over several peat sod widths.

As can be seen from the Figures 7A and 7B results, the cut-out parallelepipedal peat body is subsequently divided into a plurality of peat sods 78 by lowering the compartments 64 from an upper position into the cutting box 34, the peat sods 78 being spaced apart from one another by separating the compartments 64 (hereinafter). The device 18 can then be transported with the cutting box 34 closed and peat sods 78 separated by means of the compartments 64 to a storage location, preferably to the side of the direction of travel of the hydraulic excavator. The cutting box 34 is then opened there by moving it back into the rear position and the peat sods 78 are laid down, preferably in one plane, at a lateral distance from one another (see FIG figure 9 ). The storage location can be a pallet (not shown), for example. The compartments 64 are then raised again so that the device is then ready for mechanical digging and depositing of peat sods in a further layer.

figure 10 shows a stacking scheme. With each pass, ten peat sods 78 are dug in this example and placed in a plane (layer) at a distance from one another. The layers are always offset from one another by 90°. In the present example, the peat sods 78 have a width b of 200 mm, a height h of 250 mm and a length 1 of 600 mm. There is a distance a of 50 mm between the peat sods 78. The peat body from which the peat sods 78 are cut has the following dimensions in this example: L×W×H: 1200 mm×1000 mm×250 mm.

The crossing stacking scheme (crosswise) is used for better stability.

It should be apparent that the "spreading" of the peat sods 78 can also take place shortly before the peat sods 78 are laid down or when they are laid down.

Reference List

10

hydraulic excavator

12

boom arm

14

support bearing

16

ball joint

18

contraption

20

support bolt

22

hydraulic hoses

24, 26, 28, 30

connections

32

swing motor

34

punch box

36

bog profile

38

frame

40

lower frame

42

upper frame

44

vertical struts

46

diagonal struts

48

pre-piercing knife

50

inner aspirations

52

striving

54

plate

56

leading edge

58

main cutting blade

60

sub-cutter

62

hydraulic cylinder

64

compartments

66

hydraulic cylinder

68

hydraulic cylinder

70

partition wall

72, 74

lower compartments

76

guide tubes

78

peat sods

Claims (4)

1. Device (18), in particular attachment for a loader or excavator, for mechanically cutting and laying peat sods, comprising:

   - a frame (38),

   - a front, in particular vertical, precutting knife (48) fastened fixedly to the frame (38),

   - a cutting box (34) that is movable, in particular horizontally, in a controlled manner relative to the frame (38) and has a horizontal main cutting knife (58), and

   - cutting forms (64) that are able to be lowered and raised in a controlled manner into the cutting box (34) and are able to be separated laterally from one another, for subdividing a cut-out peat body located in the cutting box (34) into a plurality of peat sods (78).
2. Loader or excavator, in particular hydraulic excavator (10), having a device (18) according to Claim 1.
3. Hydraulic excavator (10) according to Claim 2, wherein the hydraulic excavator has a hydrostatic energy supply, which is designed to also operate the device (18).
4. Hydraulic excavator (10) according to Claim 3, wherein the hydraulic excavator has a hydraulic circuit diagram in which stepless pressure limitation for mechanical cutting and separating processes of the device (18) is provided.

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