EP3502356A1 - Quick coupling, adapter and quick coupling system - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a quick coupler (1) for a quick change system for changing attachments on a construction machine, comprising a carrier (13) which has first receptacles (9) on one side for receiving a first coupling element (5) and second receptacles on the other side (10) for receiving a second coupling element (6). According to the invention, additional positive locking elements (25) for positive engagement with corresponding counter elements (26) on the associated coupling element (5, 6) are arranged on at least one of the sides of the carrier (13) provided with the receptacles (9, 10). The invention also relates to an adapter suitable for the quick coupler and a quick change system with such a quick coupler and adapter.

Description

The invention relates to a quick coupler for a quick-change system, a suitable for the quick coupler adapter and a quick-change system with such a quick coupler and adapter.

Such quick-change systems are used for easy and convenient changing of different attachments to construction equipment. Thus, e.g. Swing spoons, grapples, shears, compressors, magnets, hydraulic breakers or other attachments in a few seconds and with a high safety standard from a driver's cab of e.g. be connected or disconnected on a boom of an excavator. They usually contain an implement-side adapter and a quick coupler arranged on the construction machine, which is mounted on one side, e.g. claw-shaped first receptacles for holding a first coupling element arranged on the adapter and on the other side second receptacles having at least one locking element movable between a release position and a locking position for detachably mounting a second coupling element arranged on the adapter.

From the DE 20 2013 001 658 U1 is a generic quick-change system known. This includes a quick coupler, the claw-shaped first receptacles for a first coupling element on one side of a carrier and on the other side of the carrier second receptacles with at least one movable between a release position and a locking position locking element for releasably supporting a second coupling element. A belonging to the quick coupler adapter has two between parallel sidecar at a predetermined distance from each other, bolt-shaped coupling elements for connecting the adapter with the quick coupler. The bolt-shaped coupling elements have a uniform diameter and are inserted into corresponding holes in the side walls of the adapter.

One problem with such quick-change systems is that with the quick-couplers and adapters there are a variety of similar or nearly identical ones Types exist. These often have only differences in the hydraulic or electrical connections to power the implements with energy or for monitoring. As a result, it is possible that components that are not compatible with each other can be coupled, thereby impairing function and safety.

The object of the invention is to provide a quick coupler, an associated adapter and a quick change system with such a quick coupler and adapter, in which the coupling of incompatible components prevented and thereby safety can be increased.

This object is achieved by a quick coupler with the features of claim 1, by an adapter with the features of claim 8 and by a quick-change system having the features of claim 14. Advantageous embodiments and advantageous developments of the invention are specified in the dependent claims.

A quick coupler according to the invention contains a carrier which has first receptacles for receiving a first coupling element on one side and second receptacles for receiving a second coupling element on the other side. On at least one of the receptacles of the carrier additional form-fitting elements for positive engagement with corresponding counter-elements are arranged on the associated coupling element. Due to the additional positive locking elements, a specific and clearly defined interface for a type of coded connection can be created on the carrier. In this way it can be ensured that only one adapted to the connections of the quick coupler and thus the safety provisions sufficient adapter is coupled to the quick coupler. The coupling mechanically identical but different from the technical connection quick coupler and adapter can be avoided and thus increased security.

The additional positive locking elements may be arranged on the side of the carrier with the first receptacles, the side of the carrier with the second receptacles or on both sides of the carrier. The form-fitting elements can be arranged on the receptacles and / or between two receptacles. Conveniently, the positive-locking elements can be arranged directly or via an additional holding element on the carrier.

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, a defined connection of the quick coupler can be achieved in that the positive-locking elements have a defined shape and / or predetermined distances. The interlocking elements may e.g. be formed as projections or approaches with different dimensions and / or specific distances. In an embodiment which is advantageous for the coupling and connection, the positive-locking elements can be used e.g. be designed as webs formed with wedge or trapezoidal cross-section. However, the interlocking elements may also be formed as depressions for engagement of corresponding projections on the coupling element. Other, matching form-fitting and counter elements to form a defined interface in the manner of a coded connection are possible.

The invention also relates to an adapter for connecting an attachment with a quick coupler described above. The adapter comprises two coupling elements arranged at a predetermined distance from each other, wherein additional counter elements for positive engagement with corresponding form-fitting elements are arranged on the quick coupler on at least one of the two coupling elements.

The counter-elements can be arranged on the one or the other coupling element. It can also be provided on both coupling elements additional counter-elements for positive engagement with corresponding form-fitting elements on the quick coupler.

The counter-elements belonging to the interlocking elements on the quick coupler can be designed, for example, as depressions or recesses for engaging protruding interlocking elements on the quick coupler. The counter-elements can be arranged on a cross-sectionally enlarged inner guide region of a coupling element. But they can also be arranged on a coupling element without extended guidance area. The counter-elements can be distributed almost over the entire length of a coupling element or arranged only on a part of the coupling element. The counter-elements can be arranged either directly or via an additional support member to the coupling elements.

The invention also relates to a quick-change system with a quick-change device described above and an associated adapter.

Figur 1

ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Schnellwechselsystems mit einem Adapter und einem Schnellwechsler in einer gekoppelten Stellung;

Figur 2

den Adapter des Schnellwechselsystems von Figur 1 in einer Perspektive;

Figur 3

eine Detailansicht A des Adapters von Figur 2;

Figur 4

den Schnellwechsler von Figur 1 in einer Perspektive;

Figur 5

eine Detailansicht B des Schnellwechslers von Figur 4;

Figur 6

ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel eines Schnellwechsler in einer Ansicht von schräg unten;

Figur 7

eine Detailansicht C des Schnellwechslers von Figur 6;

Figur 8

einen zum Schnellwechsler von Figur 6 gehörenden Adapter;

Figur 9

eine Detailansicht D des Adapters von Figur 8.

Other features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of a preferred embodiment with reference to the drawings. Show it:

FIG. 1

a first embodiment of a quick-change system with an adapter and a quick coupler in a coupled position;

FIG. 2

the adapter of the quick change system of FIG. 1 in a perspective;

FIG. 3

a detailed view A of the adapter of FIG. 2 ;

FIG. 4

the quick coupler from FIG. 1 in a perspective;

FIG. 5

a detail B of the quick coupler of FIG. 4 ;

FIG. 6

a second embodiment of a quick coupler in a view obliquely from below;

FIG. 7

a detailed view C of the quick coupler of FIG. 6 ;

FIG. 8

one to the quick coupler of FIG. 6 belonging adapter;

FIG. 9

a detailed view D of the adapter of FIG. 8 ,

In FIG. 1 is a first embodiment of a quick change system with a quick coupler 1 and an associated adapter 2 for easy change of attachments to vehicles, especially construction machines, shown in a coupled position. With such a quick-change system, for example, swinging buckets, grippers, shears, magnets, compressors, hydraulic breakers or other mechanical or hydraulic attachments can be easily and conveniently connected or disconnected from a cab on a boom or other attachment of a construction vehicle.

The in FIG. 2 separately shown and attachable to an attachment adapter 2 includes a base plate 3 and two mutually parallel, arranged at right angles to the base plate 3 and spaced side cheeks 4, between which a bolt-shaped first coupling element 5 and a spaced apart at a predetermined distance, bolt-shaped second coupling element 6 to detachable connection with the quick coupler 2 are arranged. The two bolt-shaped coupling elements 5 and 6 are inserted with their respective ends in corresponding holes 7 and 8 in the two side walls 4 of the adapter 2 and fixed there.

The in FIG. 4 individually shown quick coupler 1 is eg mounted on a boom of an excavator. It contains on one side forwardly open, first receptacles 9 for receiving and holding the first bolt-shaped coupling element 5 and on the other side downwardly open second receptacles 10 for receiving the second bolt-shaped coupling element 6. The open to the front first receptacles 9 are claw- or forked. The downwardly open receptacles 10 have a curved lower contact surface 11 for abutment of the second bolt-shaped coupling element 6. The quick coupler 1 contains in FIG. 4 recognizable guide holes 12, in which two not visible here locking bolt guided and arranged hydraulically movable between a retracted release position and an extended locking position. In the extended locking position, the downwardly open second receptacles 10 are closed by the arranged in the guide holes 12 locking bolt on the bottom, so that the second bolt-shaped coupling element 6 is under the handles of the locking bolt and the adapter 2 can be held on the quick coupler 1.

In the embodiment shown, the quick coupler 1 includes a carrier 13, which contains two claw-shaped receptacles 9 for the first coupling element 5 on one side and two receptacles 10 for the second coupling element 6 on the other side. On two at the top of the support 13 arranged parallel side members 14 also continuous receiving openings 15 are provided for fastening bolts, not shown for attaching the quick coupler 1 to a boom of an excavator or a connection part of another construction vehicle.

To couple the adapter 2 to the quick coupler 1, which is usually arranged on a boom of an excavator quick coupler 1 is first moved so that the first bolt-shaped coupling element 5 is retracted on the adapter 2 in the claw-shaped receptacles 9 on one side of the quick coupler 1 , Then the quick coupler 1 is pivoted with the locking pin still retracted to the first bolt-shaped coupling element 5, that the second bolt-shaped coupling element 6 on the adapter 2 comes to rest on the contact surfaces 11 of the downwardly open receptacles 10 on the other side of the quick coupler 1. Subsequently, in the guide holes 12 in the carrier 13 of the quick coupler 1 slidably disposed locking pin can be hydraulically extended, so that the second pin-shaped coupling element 6 engages on the adapter 2 of the two locking pin on the quick coupler 2 and the adapter 2 is thus held on the quick coupler 1 ,

Like from the FIGS. 2 and 3 shows, the jaw side, ie belonging to the claw-shaped first receptacles 9 of the quick coupler 1, first coupling element 5 two spaced slimmer coupling portions 16 for engagement with the claw-shaped receptacles 9 of the quick coupler 1 and an interposed guide portion 17 with an opposite the coupling areas 16 enlarged Cross-section on. In the embodiment shown, the first coupling element 5 is designed as a pin with different diameters. In the coupling regions 16, the bolt-shaped first coupling element 5 has a smaller diameter and in the guide region has an enlarged diameter relative to the coupling regions 16. In FIG. 3 It can be seen that lateral guide surfaces 18 are provided at the transitions from the outer coupling regions 16 to the inner guide region 17. An additional guidance of the adapter 2 on the quick coupler 1 can be achieved by the guide area 17, which is widened in cross-section. Thus not only a positioning aid when coupling the adapter 2 to the quick coupler 1 but also improved guidance in the coupled state can be achieved. In addition, for example, operational vibration and vibration fractures caused thereby or other damage can be reduced. Due to the positionally accurate guidance and mounting further damage to the electrical or hydraulic coupling elements can be avoided. In addition, we achieved an improvement in power transmission. However, the first coupling element 5 can also be designed so that there is no cross section extended guide area, that has no cross-sectional widening compared to the coupling areas.

In FIG. 2 It can be seen that on the locking side, ie belonging to the second receptacles 10 of the quick coupler 1, second pin-shaped coupling element 6 of the adapter 2, a coupling element carrier 19 is mounted for holding adapter-side coupling elements for a clutch with quick coupler-side coupling elements 2. About arranged on the coupling element carrier 19 - not shown here - adapter-side coupling elements can be connected to the power supply of an attachment to the adapter 2 provided energy connections when coupling the adapter 2 to the quick coupler 1 automatically with appropriate power supply lines on the quick coupler 1. As a result, an attachment can be supplied eg with hydraulic fluid, electrical energy or another energy source. In the embodiment shown, the coupling element carrier 19 is fastened via holding webs 20 to the second bolt-shaped coupling element 6.

The locking-side second coupling element 6 can also have two slender coupling regions 21 spaced apart from one another for engagement with the associated receptacles 10 of the quick-change device 1 and a guide region 22 arranged therebetween with a cross-section which is larger than the coupling regions 16. But the second coupling element 6 can also have a uniform diameter over the entire length.

In FIG. 4 the belonging to the adapter 2 quick coupler 1 is shown. This has between the two claw-shaped receptacles 9 a recessed or recessed receiving portion 23 for receiving the guide portion 17 on the first coupling element 5 of the adapter 1. The in FIG. 5 enlarged receiving area 23 is adapted to the outer contour of the guide portion 17. It has a slightly greater width than the guide region 17 of the first coupling element 5. The depth of the receiving region 23 is also adapted to the enlarged cross section of the guide region 17. Furthermore, lateral guide surfaces 24 can also be provided on the guide region 17.

Like from the FIGS. 4 and 5 It can be seen that the quick coupler 1 additional positive locking elements 25 for positive engagement with in FIG. 3 shown counter-elements 26 provided on the jaw-side coupling element 5 of the adapter 2. This creates a specific and well-defined interface for a type of coded connection on the carrier. In this way it can be ensured that only one of the connections of the quick coupler matching and thus the safety provisions sufficient adapter is coupled to the quick coupler. The coupling mechanically identical but different from the technical connection quick coupler and adapter can be avoided and thus increased security. In addition, a more accurate guidance and positioning between the quick coupler 1 and the adapter 2 can be achieved.

At the in FIGS. 4 and 5 As shown, the form-fitting elements 25 arranged on the side of the claw-shaped first seats 9 of the carrier 2 are designed as webs with a trapezoidal or wedge-shaped cross section. The associated counter-elements 26 on the jaw-side first coupling element 5 of the adapter 2 are according to FIG. 3 designed as annular grooves. In the illustrated embodiment, the here groove-shaped counter-elements 26 are arranged on the cross-sectionally enlarged guide portion 17 of the first coupling element 5. However, the counter-elements 26 belonging to the positive-locking elements 25 can also be arranged on a coupling element 5 without a guide region with a cross-sectional widening. How out FIG. 5 it can be seen, the positive-locking elements 25 are arranged in the embodiment shown at a mounted within the receiving area 23 of the quick coupler 1, strip-shaped carrier 27. As a result, a defined interface and, if necessary, easily adaptable interface can be provided to the carrier 13 in a relatively simple manner. However, the positive-locking elements 25 can also be formed directly on the quick coupler 2. The form-fitting elements 25 and the associated counter-elements 26 are matched to each other both of the form and of the arrangement. In the embodiment shown, the positive locking elements 25 are designed as webs with trapezoidal cross-section and different width. The form-fitting elements 25 are arranged at defined intervals. The counter-elements 26 belonging to the interlocking elements 25 on the first coupling element 5 have corresponding shapes and spacings.

In FIG. 6 is another embodiment of a quick coupler 1 shown in a view obliquely from below. In this embodiment are on the locking side of the carrier 13 positive locking elements 25 for positive engagement with in FIG. 8 shown counter-elements 26 provided on the locking-side second coupling element 6 of the adapter 2. In the embodiment shown, the web or block-shaped positive-locking elements 25 are designed to engage in correspondingly shaped depressions or grooves as counter-elements 26. How very good in FIG. 7 can be seen, in the embodiment shown, the outwardly projecting positive locking elements 25 form-fitting elements 25 are provided on the quick coupler 2 both on the inside of the two locking side second receptacles 10 and on the underside of the carrier 13 between the two receptacles 10. However, the positive-locking elements 25 can also be arranged only on the receptacles 10 or between the two receptacles 10.

FIG. 8 shows a quick coupler 1 of FIG. 6 belonging adapter 2. In this adapter 2, the counter-elements 26 corresponding to the positive-locking elements 25 on the quick coupler 1 are arranged on the locking-side second coupling element 6. In contrast to the first embodiment, no additional positive locking elements 25 are arranged on the first coupling element 5 designed as a bolt with a uniform diameter throughout. However, in a further embodiment, positive-locking elements 25 can also be provided here.

Out FIG. 9 shows that the counter-elements 26 designed here as grooves are arranged on a stepped, strip-shaped support element 28. The almost over the entire length of the coupling element 6 extending support member 28 has a projecting central region 29 and recessed outer portions 30. At the projecting central region 29 and the set back outer regions 30 of the strip-shaped support member 28, the groove-shaped counter-elements 26 are provided for engagement of the positive-locking elements 25 of the quick coupler 1. The strip-shaped support element 28 may be inserted into a corresponding groove on the outside of the bolt-shaped coupling element 6.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Quick coupler

2

adapter

3

baseplate

4

side cheek

5

First coupling element

6

Second coupling element

7

drilling

8th

drilling

9

First recording

10

Second shot

11

contact surface

12

guide bore

13

carrier

14

side panel

15

receiving opening

16

coupling region

17

guide region

18

guide surface

19

Coupling element carrier

20

holding web

21

coupling region

22

guide region

23

reception area

24

guide surface

25

Form-fitting element

26

counter-element

27

carrier

28

supporting member

29

Projecting area

30

Retired area

Claims (14)

A quick coupler (1) for a quick - change system for changing attachments on a construction machine, comprising a carrier (13) having first receptacles (9) for receiving a first coupling element (5) on one side and second receptacles (10) for the other side Receiving a second coupling element (6), characterized in that on at least one of the receptacles (9, 10) provided sides of the carrier (13) additional positive locking elements (25) for positive engagement with corresponding counter-elements (26) on the associated coupling element ( 5, 6) are arranged. Quick coupler (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the additional positive locking elements (25) on the side of the carrier (13) with the first receptacles (9) and / or on the side of the carrier (13) with the second receptacles (10 ) are arranged. Quick coupler (1) according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the form-locking elements (25) on the receptacles (9, 10) and / or between the receptacles (9, 10) are arranged. Quick coupler (1) according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the positive-locking elements (25) are arranged directly or via a holding element (27) on the carrier (13). Quick coupler (1) according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the positive-locking elements (25) have a defined shape and / or predetermined distances. Quick coupler (1) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the positive-locking elements (25) are formed as projections or lugs with different dimensions and specific distances. Quick coupler (1) according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the form-locking elements are designed as webs with wedge-shaped or trapezoidal cross-section. Adapter (2) for connecting an attachment with a quick coupler (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the adapter (2) has two coupling elements (5, 6) arranged at a predetermined distance from each other for connecting the adapter (2) to the Includes quick coupler (1), characterized in that on at least one of the two coupling elements (5, 6) additional counter-elements (26) for positive engagement with corresponding positive-locking elements (25) on the quick coupler (1) are arranged. Adapter (2) according to claim 8, characterized in that the counter-elements (26) on one of the two coupling elements (5, 6) or on both coupling elements (5, 6) are arranged. Adapter (2) according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the counter-elements (26) as recesses or recesses for engagement of protruding positive-locking elements (25) are formed on the quick coupler (1). Adapter (2) according to claim 10, characterized in that the counter-elements (26) are formed as grooves for the positive engagement web-shaped positive locking elements (25) on the quick coupler (1). Adapter (2) according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the counter-elements (26) are arranged on a cross-sectionally enlarged inner guide region (17) of a coupling element (5, 6). Adapter (2) according to one of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that the counter-elements (26) are arranged directly or via a support element (28) on the coupling element (5, 6). Quick-change system with a quick coupler (1) and with the quick coupler (1) detachable adapter (2), characterized in that the quick coupler (1) according to one of claims 1 to 7 and the adapter (2) according to one of claims 8 to 13 are formed.

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