EP3494584B1 - Appareil électrique équipé de plusieurs unités de refroidissement - Google Patents

Appareil électrique équipé de plusieurs unités de refroidissement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3494584B1
EP3494584B1 EP17772346.7A EP17772346A EP3494584B1 EP 3494584 B1 EP3494584 B1 EP 3494584B1 EP 17772346 A EP17772346 A EP 17772346A EP 3494584 B1 EP3494584 B1 EP 3494584B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cooling
winding
temperature
electrical device
partial
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EP17772346.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3494584A1 (fr
Inventor
Jörg FINDEISEN
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Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
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Siemens AG
Siemens Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/2876—Cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/02—Casings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
    • H01F27/12—Oil cooling
    • H01F27/14—Expansion chambers; Oil conservators; Gas cushions; Arrangements for purifying, drying, or filling
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/32—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/28—Coils; Windings; Conductive connections
    • H01F27/32—Insulating of coils, windings, or parts thereof
    • H01F27/323—Insulation between winding turns, between winding layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
    • H01F27/402—Association of measuring or protective means
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/40—Structural association with built-in electric component, e.g. fuse
    • H01F27/402—Association of measuring or protective means
    • H01F2027/406—Temperature sensor or protection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F27/00—Details of transformers or inductances, in general
    • H01F27/08—Cooling; Ventilating
    • H01F27/10—Liquid cooling
    • H01F27/12—Oil cooling
    • H01F27/125—Cooling by synthetic insulating and incombustible liquid

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical device for connection to a high-voltage network with a vessel which is filled with an insulating fluid, an active part arranged in the vessel which has a magnetizable core and partial windings for generating a magnetic field in the core, and a cooling device for cooling the Isolating fluids, wherein at least one thermal barrier delimits the cooling spaces, in each of which at least one partial winding is arranged.
  • a medium-frequency transformer is shown there, which has a housing filled with insulating fluid, in which an active part is arranged.
  • the active part has a core which forms a closed magnetic circuit, a section of the core being enclosed by a secondary and a primary winding which are arranged concentrically to one another.
  • an insulating element is arranged between the primary and secondary windings, which is equipped with a conductive shield on both sides.
  • the conductive shields on both sides of the insulating element are electrically connected on the one hand to the primary winding and on the other to the secondary winding, so that the formation of high electrical field strengths is avoided. Due to the thermal insulation, cooling tubes, which are connected to a cooling unit, extend on both sides of the thermal element.
  • the US 2013/0307654 A1 discloses a transformer having a tank and an active part arranged in the tank.
  • the tank or boiler is filled with an insulating fluid.
  • a cooling unit which is connected to the interior of the boiler, is provided for cooling the insulating fluid.
  • the cooling unit has a pump for circulating the insulating fluid and a heat exchanger which is arranged in the air flow of a fan of the cooling unit.
  • a so-called emergency cooling unit is provided, which has a pipeline system that extends through the interior of the windings.
  • a transformer with tank and active part is known, the active part again consisting of a core with low and high voltage winding.
  • the boiler or tank is filled with an insulating fluid that is circulated through a cooling unit.
  • Guide tubes or channels are also formed in the interior of the tank in order to guide the insulating fluid specifically over the windings and through the core.
  • Transformers or chokes which are connected to a high-voltage network, each have a vessel that is usually filled with a mineral insulating oil as the insulating fluid.
  • a low-voltage and a high-voltage winding which are inductively coupled to one another via a magnetizable core, are arranged in the vessel.
  • the insulating fluid also serves to cool the transformer.
  • the insulating oil which is heated during operation, is conducted to dissipate the heat via a cooling device attached to the outside of the vessel. The cooling is set so that a maximum temperature of the insulating fluid is not exceeded, since otherwise the solid insulation of the transformer could be damaged.
  • Alternative insulating fluids such as ester or silicone oils, are increasingly being used in transformers, which have a higher temperature resistance. These alternative insulating fluids ensure a higher level of fire safety and are also biodegradable. Improved environmental compatibility of insulating fluids is particularly necessary for off-shore applications. Due to the improved thermal resistance of these alternative insulating fluids, the transformer can be operated at higher temperatures. In this context, reference is made to the IEEE 1276 (1997) standard.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide an electrical device of the type mentioned at the beginning which is inexpensive and at the same time can be operated at higher temperatures.
  • the invention solves this problem in that the cooling device has at least two cooling units and each cooling unit is set up to cool an associated partial winding, at least one partial winding having temperature ranges in which insulating materials with different thermal load capacities are arranged.
  • a thermal barrier in interaction with at least two cooling units ensures that at least two partial windings can be operated in different temperature sections, which are referred to here as cold room temperatures.
  • the thermal barrier takes care of that Formation of at least two cooling spaces which are each connected to one of the cooling units.
  • the cooling units can thus set different cooling space temperatures, that is to say different temperatures of the insulating fluid and / or the windings, in the cooling spaces connected to them.
  • the cooling space temperature is expediently set in such a way that a maximum operating temperature predetermined for this cooling space is not exceeded. In this way it is possible to use different insulating materials in the cold rooms.
  • the partial winding that is arranged in a cooling space that allows higher cooling space temperatures can be designed to be low in insulating material.
  • the partial windings have different insulations.
  • a first part-winding has high-temperature insulation
  • a second part-winding and all further part-windings have the usual insulation made of materials that are designed for lower temperatures.
  • insulation here also includes barrier systems and spacers that are used in addition to the insulation of the winding conductors.
  • enamelled copper wires coated with various insulating varnishes which can withstand even high temperatures, are available on the market. This also applies, for example, to a wire with a coating made of Pyre-ML-polyimide, which is thermally stable up to 220 ° C. Due to the small thickness of its lacquer layer, a good heat transfer from the wire to the insulating fluid is guaranteed.
  • the material of the insulating material is advantageously selected as a function of the position of the respective insulation in relation to the so-called hot point of the winding.
  • a hotspot temperature is the hottest temperature of the electrical conductor of the partial winding which is in thermally conductive contact with the solid insulating material or the insulating fluid when the electrical device is in operation.
  • the conductor insulation is selected so that the material is not damaged even when the hot spot temperature is reached.
  • the conductor insulation can withstand the maximum winding temperature.
  • Solid insulation with a certain distance from the hottest points of the respective partial winding on the other hand, can be assigned to a lower thermal class if the corresponding temperature gradient permits.
  • the cooling device has at least two cooling units, each cooling unit being set up to cool an associated cooling space.
  • one of the cooling units can be connected to a partial winding via supply and discharge lines, for example, in such a way that the insulating fluid cooled by a cooling unit is circulated in a targeted manner via a selected partial winding and ensures that the required cooling room temperature is set in the cooling room .
  • the layered winding substructure can be used for the targeted supply of the insulating fluid to the selected partial winding.
  • the insulating material disks of the substructure are expediently designed in such a way that that a separation of the flow of the insulating fluid to the respective partial windings is provided.
  • the cooling circuits Due to the separation of the flow of the insulating fluid through the cooling spaces, the cooling circuits can be completely separated from one another in terms of flow, or they can partially use a common space. In terms of flow, this space can be in front of or behind the cooling rooms.
  • the thermal barrier advantageously forms an inlet opening which is connected to an outlet of the cooling device.
  • This connection or in other words the connection between the respective cooling unit and the inlet opening, can be designed as desired within the scope of the invention. It is essential that the main part of the insulating fluid flow emerging from the respective cooling unit reaches the inlet opening.
  • the inlet opening is formed by a thermal barrier which at least partially defines a cooling space in which a high-voltage winding is arranged. Due to the higher voltage, the high-voltage winding is equipped with more complex insulation. In order to use conventional materials for the said insulation there, the high-voltage winding must be cooled more than the low-voltage winding, which is insulated with high-temperature materials.
  • the fluid-filled cooling spaces separated from one another by the barrier system are expediently hydraulically connected to one another.
  • This connection can be made via the connection to a common expansion vessel used by both cooling chambers, or via a partially open design of winding substructures or winding superstructures.
  • the thermal barrier encloses a partial winding at least in sections.
  • the thermal barrier is designed as a hollow cylinder, for example, and is arranged concentrically with at least one partial winding.
  • the thermal barrier forms a guide or, in other words, cooling channels for the insulating fluid flow, so that the insulating fluid is guided over the partial winding.
  • the cooling channels can be designed in a meandering shape.
  • the thermal barrier is also an electrical barrier, at least in sections.
  • the first partial winding is expediently a low-voltage winding and a second partial winding is a high-voltage winding.
  • the two windings are concentric with one another and, for example, also with a core section extending through the inner low-voltage winding.
  • the electrical device according to this embodiment of the invention is a transformer with concentric upper and lower voltage windings as partial windings.
  • the partial windings are advantageously designed as circumferentially closed cylindrical windings.
  • a first cooling unit for cooling the low-voltage winding and a second cooling unit for cooling the high-voltage winding are set up.
  • the cooling device it is expedient here for the cooling device to apply colder insulating fluid to the high-voltage winding so that it can be operated at lower temperatures.
  • the low-voltage winding and the high-voltage winding are in turn equipped with different insulating materials as partial winding insulation, which can withstand the different cold room temperatures.
  • the cooling spaces are hydraulically coupled to one another within the scope of the invention.
  • the cooling space in which the high-voltage winding is arranged is hydraulically connected to the cooling space in which the low-voltage winding is arranged via an expansion vessel.
  • a cooling unit is designed as a closed circulating cooling system, a pump being provided for circulating the insulating fluid.
  • a second cooling unit is connected to the interior of the vessel, the first cooling unit and the interior of the electrical device being connected to one another only via an expansion vessel.
  • a hydraulic connection of the cooling spaces takes place exclusively via the expansion vessel, which is absolutely necessary anyway due to the temperature-dependent volume expansion of the insulating fluid.
  • the gaps between the individual barriers and between the winding and the vessel, which are not required for cooling or for guiding the insulating fluid, can advantageously be closed by means of inserts to avoid bypasses.
  • the cooling device has a feed line which forms an outlet opening arranged below the first partial winding and in particular below the high-voltage winding.
  • the cooled insulating fluid exits the cooling device via the supply line and is introduced directly into the cooling space of the first partial winding, so that the first partial winding is more strongly cooled than the further partial windings that are downstream of the first partial winding in the flow direction of the insulating fluid.
  • At least one cooling unit is advantageously connected to the winding substructure and / or winding superstructure of a partial winding in such a way that, during normal operation, the respective over the cooling units guided flows of the insulating fluid are separated from one another.
  • Each cooling unit expediently has at least one cooling register.
  • the term cooling register should also include radiators here.
  • At least one or each cooling unit can be a passive cooling unit or else have a circulation pump for circulating the insulating fluid via a cooling register.
  • the cooling register can be equipped with one or more fans or fans.
  • the cooling registers are connected to the vessel of the electrical device in such a way that they have different perpendicular distances from a floor surface defined by the base surface of the vessel.
  • the cooling registers are attached to the vessel at different heights.
  • the cooling units are passive cooling units and do not have a circulation pump. In the case of passive cooling units, the circulation speed of the insulating fluid over the cooling register is determined by the height offset between the center of the warm fluid column in the cooling channels of the respective partial winding and the center of the cold fluid column of the respective cooling register.
  • Further components of the electrical device for example step switches, are assigned to one of the two cooling circuits flowing through the cooling chambers according to their respective permissible operating temperature.
  • the cooling device advantageously has a control unit with temperature sensors, the temperature sensors are set up to detect the temperature of a partial winding and / or to detect the temperature of the insulating fluid in a partial winding.
  • the control unit is, for example, equipped with a threshold value for each cooling unit, so that the cooling output of the respective cooling unit can be controlled as a function of the respective threshold value.
  • the respective threshold value is determined depending on the temperature resistance of the insulating materials of the partial windings. If the temperature detected by the temperature sensors reaches the threshold value, the control unit controls either a circulating pump or a fan of the respective cooling unit and thus increases the cooling capacity of said cooling unit.
  • the temperature sensors are set up to detect the temperature of a partial winding and / or to detect the temperature of the insulating fluid.
  • the temperature sensors can therefore also directly detect the temperature of the winding conductor within the scope of the invention.
  • At least one partial winding has several temperature ranges in which insulating materials with different thermal load capacities are arranged. It can be advantageous here if insulating materials with a lower thermal load capacity are arranged in each upstream temperature range than in downstream temperature ranges which lie behind the upstream temperature range in the direction of flow of the insulating fluid.
  • a temperature sensor for measuring a hot spot temperature is arranged in at least two temperature ranges, which provides temperature measurement values on the output side that are compared with a threshold value previously defined depending on the insulating materials used in the respective temperature range, a control signal being generated on the basis of this comparison becomes. Depending on the design, this can trigger a warning signal, cause shutdown, a reduction triggered by the load of the electrical device or used to control the cooling system.
  • the wide temperature spread of the insulating liquid enables the effective use of external evaporative coolers and coolers based on heat pipes.
  • several fluidically connected temperature ranges in the cooling room are equipped with sensors for measuring the hot spot temperature of the partial winding in the respective temperature range, the signals of each of these temperature sensors being assigned their own threshold values for triggering control functions which relate to the thermal class of the partial winding used in the respective temperature ranges Insulating materials are matched.
  • FIG. 1 shows a first exemplary embodiment of the electrical device 1 according to the invention in a sectional side view, the electrical device being designed as a transformer 1.
  • the transformer 1 has a vessel 14 in which a magnetizable core 2, a low-voltage winding 3.1 and a high-voltage winding 3.2 are arranged concentrically to one another as part of the winding according to the invention.
  • Said windings 3.1, 3.2 are designed as a hollow cylinder.
  • the high-voltage winding 3.2 can be connected to a high-voltage network via a connection (not shown in the figures), and the low-voltage winding 3.1 can be connected to a distribution network or a load via a connection line, also not shown.
  • the high and low voltage windings 3.1, 3.2 are inductively coupled to one another via the magnetizable core 2, so that the high voltage winding 3.2 induces a voltage in the low voltage winding 3.1 or vice versa.
  • the vessel 14 is filled with an insulating fluid 30 and, in the present case, a commercially available ester.
  • a thermal barrier 4 is arranged between the high-voltage winding 3.2 and the low-voltage winding 3.1.
  • the thermal barrier 4 is circumferentially closed and also designed as a hollow cylinder. It completely encloses the also cylindrical low voltage winding 3.1.
  • An expansion vessel 18 is arranged above the vessel 14, which serves to absorb the temperature-related fluctuations in volume of the insulating fluid 30.
  • a cooling device which has two cooling units, a first cooling unit having a cooling register 15.1, a circulating pump 16.1 and a temperature sensor 22.1, a supply line 37.1 and a return line 38.1.
  • the second cooling unit has a cooling register 15.2, a circulation pump 16.2, a temperature sensor 22.2, a supply line 37.2 and a return line 38.2.
  • the feed line 37.1 has an outlet opening 32 which is arranged below the radially inner low-voltage winding 3.1.
  • An inlet opening of the return line 38.1 is directly connected to a winding superstructure 9.1 of the winding 3.1.
  • the winding superstructure 9.1 is fluidically sealed, which means that the flow of the insulating fluid 30 is guided by the winding superstructure.
  • the return line 38.1 is connected to the expansion vessel 18 via a connecting line, which in turn is connected to the interior of the vessel 14 of the transformer 1 via a second connecting line.
  • the supply line 37.2 of the second cooling unit opens with its outlet opening directly into the side wall of the vessel 14.
  • the return line 38.2 is connected near the upper edge of the vessel.
  • the inner wall of the thermal barrier 4 thus delimits a first cooling space in which the low-voltage winding 3.1 is arranged.
  • the insulating fluid 30 cooled by the first cooling unit 15.1, 16.1, 37.1, 38.1 is fed via the sealed winding substructure 8.1 directly to the low-voltage winding 3.1 and from there directly back to the cooling register 15.1.
  • the hydraulic coupling of the cooling spaces takes place only via the expansion vessel 18. Different cooling space temperatures arise in the cooling spaces. The Insulations are adapted to these cold room temperatures.
  • the temperature sensors 22.1 and 22.2 are each connected to a control unit (not shown in the figures) via a signal line. If the temperature of the insulating fluid 30 detected by the temperature sensors 22.1 or 22.2 exceeds a threshold value previously set for the respective partial winding 3.1 or 3.2, the control unit increases the output of the circulating pump and thus the output of the respective cooling unit.
  • the threshold values were determined depending on the thermal class of the insulating materials of the respective partial windings.
  • FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the electrical device 1 according to the invention, in which the hydraulic coupling of the cooling circuits takes place via the upper winding structures 9.1, 9.2 of the partial windings 3.1, 3.2, which are open at the top.
  • a mixture of the insulating fluid 30 occurs above the partial windings 3.1 and 3.2.
  • the insulating fluid 30 is cooled differently in the cooling units assigned to each partial winding 3.1, 3.2.
  • a higher cooling effort is operated.
  • the insulating fluid 30 is cooled to a lower temperature.
  • the cooling space of the partial winding 3.1 and the core 2 are included in the cooling circuit formed by the cooler 15.2.
  • the design of the core 2 for higher temperatures requires only very little effort, since no molded parts are required and an electrical field stress does not have to be taken into account. As a result, the core 2 is also exposed to higher operating temperatures.
  • the supply of the insulating fluid 30 cooled in separate cooling units to the partial windings 3.1 and 3.2 takes place via the winding substructure 8.1, 8.2 of the respective partial winding 3.1 and 3.2.
  • the winding substructure 8.1, 8.2 built up in layers in each case is used for the separate supply of the insulating fluid 30 to the partial windings 3.1, 3.2 separated by the thermal barrier.
  • the insulating disks of the respective winding substructure 8.1, 8.2, not shown in detail here, are designed in such a way that a separation of the flow of the insulating fluid 30 to the respective partial windings 3.1 and 3.2 is provided.
  • the winding substructures 8.1 and 8.2 are sealed against one another. Furthermore, at least one connecting line 37.1 is provided, which extends between the cooling unit 15.1, 16.1 and the winding substructure 8.2, so that the flow of the cooled insulating fluid is sealed off from the interior of the vessel 14.
  • the cooling register 15.1 is connected directly to the winding substructure 8.2 via a pipe 37.1.
  • the spaces 40 between the partial windings 3.2 and the vessel 14 that are not required for cooling or for guiding the insulating fluid 30 are closed by means of enclosures 11.2 to avoid bypasses.
  • FIG 3 shows a further embodiment of the invention with two cooling spaces separated by the thermal barrier 4.
  • the thermal barrier 4 comprises cylindrical sections 4.1 and 4.2 and a partition 4.5.
  • the thermal barrier 4 made of a thermally insulating material causes a thermal and fluidic decoupling of the radially outer partial winding 3.2 from the inner partial winding 3.1 and the core 2 of the transformer 1.
  • the decoupling is achieved by separating the insulating fluid flows both cooling circuits achieved by means of the thermal barrier 4.
  • an electrical barrier 7 is integrated into the barrier 4 as a section.
  • the winding substructure 8.2 of the partial winding 3.2 is fluidically connected to the supply line 37.2, which leads to the cooler register 15.2 of the second cooling unit arranged outside the vessel.
  • the radially inner partial winding 3.1 and the cooling channels of the core 2 are open to the fluid space of the vessel 14.
  • the supply line 37.1 of the first cooling register 15.1 is connected to the vessel 14 at a level below the lower edge of the partial winding 3.1.
  • the inner partial winding 3.1 and the core 2 are thus supplied with cooled insulating fluid 30 by a “free” flow that is not guided.
  • each partial winding has a winding superstructure 9.1, 9.2.
  • Each winding superstructure 9.1 and 9.2 is open to the fluid space of the vessel 14. Through the openings of their winding superstructure 9.1, 9.2, both cooling spaces are hydraulically connected to one another via the interior of the vessel, ie the fluid space of the vessel 14.
  • the interior of the vessel 14 and thus both cooling spaces are connected to the expansion vessel 18. It occurs within the said fluid spaces of the transformer 1 Due to the temperature dependence of the density of the insulating fluid 30 to form a thermal stratification of the insulating fluid 30. This thermal stratification is reinforced by the high viscosity of the insulating fluid 30 used and the very low flow velocities in the large cross section. In the special embodiment, this effect is used for the thermal separation of the two cooling circuits.
  • the connection of the return line 38.2 to the cooling register 15.2 is arranged below the connection of the return line 38.1 to the cooling register 15.1.
  • a further section 4.5 of the thermal barrier 4 is provided in the usually open area above the windings. This section 4.5 projects beyond the electrical barrier 7.
  • the vertical distance H5 from the upper edge of section 4.5 of the thermal barrier 4 to the return line 38.2 is a multiple of the flow-limiting diameter of the return line 38.2. This prevents insulating fluid 30, which has a significantly higher temperature and which has flowed through the low-voltage winding 3.1, from getting into the return line 38.2.
  • potential undesired flow channels 10.5, for example between sections 7.5 of the barrier system 4 and the electrical barrier 7, are completely or partially closed at one of their ends by inserts made of insulating material.
  • the partial windings 3.1 and 3.2 form vertically superposed temperature ranges 5.1, 5.2, 5.3 and 6.1, 6.2 within the cooling chambers, which are equipped with electrical insulation made of insulating materials that have a different thermal load capacity from temperature range to temperature range.
  • the thermal load capacity of the insulating materials in the temperature range 5.1 through which the insulating fluid 30 first flows is lower than the insulating materials the downstream temperature ranges in the direction of flow.
  • insulating materials of different thermal classes can be used at least partially within the temperature ranges.
  • the thermal load capacity of an insulating material can be lower if it maintains the necessary distance to the hottest point of the temperature range, for example to a certain winding position.
  • the thermal class can be graded within a temperature range 5.1, depending on whether the insulating material is used as conductor insulation, spacer, potential control ring or barrier.
  • This arrangement can be used for a wide variety of insulating materials and thus different temperature ranges.
  • An exemplary assignment of the thermal classes to the temperature ranges shown in the exemplary embodiment is given below.
  • an insulating fluid based on an ester is used.
  • spacer is intended to include radial and axial spacers such as strips, tabs, intermediate layers or the like.
  • barrier system is intended to include barriers, angle rings, caps, discs, insulating cylinders or the like.
  • the grading of the thermal performance of the insulating materials can also be done within the thermal classes EN 60085, there is a multitude of possibilities, for example a graduation in differences of less than 10K is also possible.
  • the hot spots of the temperature ranges are equipped with thermal sensors 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 26.1, 26.2, which are each connected to a control unit (not shown in the figure).
  • a sensor 27, 28 for measuring the maximum temperature of the insulating liquid 30 is also arranged in the area of the respective outlet opening in the winding superstructure 9.1 or 9.2.
  • the hot spots of all temperature ranges are therefore equipped with thermal sensors and the signals are fed to a control unit.
  • Each of these signals is assigned a threshold value tailored to the thermal class of the insulating materials of the corresponding winding area. If one of the temperature signals exceeds the threshold value assigned to it, a control signal is generated. Depending on the design, this can trigger a warning signal, shutdown and lower the load of the trigger electrical device or be used to control the cooling system.
  • Different threshold values for cooling system control, warning and triggering are preferably assigned to the signal of each temperature sensor 25.1, 25.2, 25.3, 26.1, 26.2.
  • Fig. 4 shows a further embodiment in which one cooling unit is designed as an active cooling unit and has a circulation pump 16.2, while the other cooling unit is a passive cooling unit 15.1, in which the insulating fluid 30 is circulated through the cooling register 15.1 due to a temperature difference that occurs.
  • the winding 3.2 with the higher high-voltage requirements that is to say the winding with a high proportion of insulating materials and insulating parts that are complex to manufacture, is forcefully cooled by the active cooling unit 15.2, 16.2.
  • the partial winding 3.2 is again enclosed by cylindrical sections 4.1 of the thermal barrier 4.
  • the cooled insulating fluid 30 is supplied via the fluidically sealed winding substructure 8.2, which is connected to the cooling unit 15.2 and the pump 16.2 via the supply line 37.2.
  • the vessel 14 is also connected to the cooling register 15.1.
  • the more strongly cooled partial winding 3.2 is provided with insulating materials of a low thermal class. Since large differences in the temperatures of the insulating fluid 30 inside and outside the thermal barrier 4 occur during the operation of a transformer 1 shown, additional barrier sections 4.6 are provided which prevent fluid flow directly on the wall of the barrier 4.2 and thus reduce the thermal influence on the partial winding 3.2 .
  • electrical barriers and angular rings that follow the barrier section 4.2 are provided with shims which prevent the fluid flow within the channel between the barriers.
  • Figure 5 shows an embodiment of a transformer 1 with natural cooling (ONAN cooling).
  • ONAN cooling natural cooling
  • the insulating fluid 30 heated by the partial windings 3.1, 3.2 rises due to its lower density compared to the insulating fluid 30 in the wider vicinity of the winding and is replaced by cold insulating fluid 30 flowing in from below.
  • the difference in weight between the warm column of liquid in the winding channels and the colder column of liquid in the cooling register 15.1 or 15.2 creates a pressure difference which serves as the driving force for the fluid circuit.
  • a higher geometric arrangement of the cold insulating fluid column of the cooling register leads to an increase in the pressure difference that drives the coolant flow.
  • the cooling register 15.1 which supplies the winding 3.1 with cooled insulating fluid, is arranged at a greater distance from the center of the winding 3.1 than the cooling register 15.2, which is provided for supplying the partial winding 3.2 and the core 2.
  • This height offset is described here - due to the fixed distance between the partial winding and a floor level defined by the bottom of the vessel - by the distance between the respective cooling register and the said floor level. These different heights are therefore taken into account here as the perpendicular distance H1, H2 of the respective cooling register 15.1, 15.2 to the floor plane which is defined by the floor of the vessel 14.
  • H1 is greater than H2. Since both partial windings 3.1 and 3.2 are supported on the lower yoke of the core 4, their centers are approximately the same height. Accordingly, the distance between the center of the first cooler 15.1 and the center of the first winding 3.1 is greater than the distance between the center of the second cooler 15.2 and the center of the second winding 3.2.
  • the cooled insulating fluid 30 is supplied to the winding 3.1 connected to the higher-level cooling unit 15.1 via the winding substructure 8.1 which is fluidically sealed for this purpose.
  • the insulating fluid flow is thus adapted to the different operating temperatures of the two partial windings and their different flow resistances.
  • the cooling register 15.1 and / or 15.2 can be equipped with fans within the scope of the invention.
  • FIG 6 shows a further embodiment of the electrical device 1 according to the invention, which differs from that in Figure 5
  • the exemplary embodiment shown differs in that the cooling registers 15.1 and 15.2 are equipped with fans 17.
  • the cooling register 15.1 and the cooling register 15.2 have a different number of fans 17.
  • the cooling registers 15.1 and 15.2 are at the same height.
  • the supply line 37.1 of the first cooling unit is arranged exactly below the first partial winding 3.1, that is to say the low-voltage winding.
  • the thermal barrier 4 in contrast to that in FIG Figures 1 to 5 shown embodiments up to the upper wall of the vessel 14, wherein the return line 38.1 the cooling space inside the thermal barrier 4 with the cooling register 15.1 connects.
  • the first cooling unit therefore again forms a closed, circulating cooling circuit, the hydraulic coupling between the first cooling space and the second cooling space, which is defined by the outer wall of the thermal barrier 4 and the inner wall of the vessel 14, taking place via the expansion vessel 18.
  • the corresponding connecting lines are provided for this.
  • both cooling rooms are each equipped with their own Buchholz relay 20 in order to monitor gas accumulations in both cooling rooms.
  • the cooling unit for the cooling space with the partial winding which is equipped with insulating materials of a lower thermal class is switched to fan operation at a lower temperature than the cooler for the partial winding with insulating materials of a higher thermal class.
  • the cooling register 15.2 has a larger number of fans 17 than the cooling register 15.2.
  • FIG 7 shows a further embodiment of the invention of the electrical device 1 according to the invention, which is essentially according to the embodiment Figure 1 corresponds, however, the cooling units 15.1 and 15.2 are each designed as passive cooling units, so that the cooling units each have no circulation pump.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transformer Cooling (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Appareil (1) électrique de connexion à un réseau de haute tension, comprenant
    - une cuve (14), emplie d'un fluide (30) isolant,
    - une partie active, qui est disposée dans la cuve (14) et qui a un noyau (2) magnétisable et des enroulements (3.1, 3.2) partiels de production d'un champ magnétique dans le noyau (2), et
    - un dispositif (15) de refroidissement pour le refroidissement du fluide (30) isolant, au moins une barrière (4) thermique, délimitant des espaces de refroidissement, dans lesquels est disposé, respectivement, au moins un enroulement (3.1, 3.2) partiel,
    dans lequel
    le dispositif (15) de refroidissement a au moins deux unités de refroidissement et chaque unité de refroidissement est conçue pour le refroidissement d'un enroulement (3.1, 3.2) partiel associé,
    en ce qu'au moins un enroulement partiel a des régions de température le long du flux du fluide (5.1, 5.2, 5.3) isolant, dans lesquelles sont disposées des substances isolantes d'aptitude différente à supporter une charge thermique.
  2. Appareil (1) électrique suivant la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la barrière (4) thermique constitue au moins une ouverture d'entrée, qui est raccordée à une sortie du dispositif (15) de refroidissement.
  3. Appareil (1) électrique suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la barrière (4) thermique entoure, au moins en partie, un enroulement partiel.
  4. Appareil (1) électrique suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    la barrière (4) thermique est, au moins en partie, une barrière électrique.
  5. Appareil (1) électrique suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le premier enroulement partiel est un enroulement (3.1) de tension basse et un deuxième enroulement partiel est un enroulement (3.2) de tension haute, les enroulements (3.1, 3.2) étant disposés concentriquement l'un à l'autre et par rapport à une partie (2) de noyau, s'étendant à travers l'enroulement intérieur de tension basse.
  6. Appareil (1) électrique suivant la revendication 5,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    une première unité (15.1, 16.1) de refroidissement est conçue pour le refroidissement de l'enroulement (3.1) de tension basse et une deuxième unité (15.2, 16.2) de refroidissement pour le refroidissement de l'enroulement (3.2) de tension haute.
  7. Appareil (1) électrique suivant la revendication 6,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'espace de refroidissement, dans lequel est disposé l'enroulement de tension haute, est couplé hydrauliquement par un vase d'expansion à l'espace de refroidissement, dans lequel est disposé l'enroulement de tension basse.
  8. Appareil (1) électrique suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    au moins une unité (15.1, 16.1) de refroidissement est reliée à la structure (8.1, 8.2) basse et/ou à la structure (9.1, 9.2) haute d'un enroulement (3.1, 3.2) partiel, de manière à ce que les courants du fluide (30) isolant, passant en fonctionnement normal, respectivement, par les unités (15.1, 16.1) de refroidissement, soient séparés l'un de l'autre.
  9. Appareil (1) électrique suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    chaque unité (15) de refroidissement a un registre (15.1, 15.2) de refroidissement.
  10. Appareil (1) électrique suivant la revendication 9,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les registres (15.1, 15.2) de refroidissement ont des distances (H.1, H.2) verticales différentes à un plan (35) de fond défini par une surface de fond de la cuve (14).
  11. Appareil (1) électrique suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les enroulements (3.1, 3.2) partiels ont des isolations différentes d'enroulement partiel.
  12. Appareil (1) électrique suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le dispositif de refroidissement a une unité de commande ayant des sondes de température, les sondes de température étant conçues pour prendre la température d'un enroulement partiel et/ou pour prendre la température du fluide isolant dans un enroulement partiel.
  13. Appareil (1) électrique suivant la revendication 12,
    caractérisé en ce que,
    dans au moins deux régions (5.1, 5.2, 5.3) de température, est disposée, respectivement, une sonde de température pour mesurer une température de point chaud, qui procure, du côté de la sortie, des valeurs de mesure de la température, qui sont comparées à une valeur de seuil fixée auparavant, en fonction de la substance isolante utilisée dans la zone de température respective, un signal de commande étant produit sur la base de cette comparaison.
  14. Appareil (1) électrique suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    plusieurs régions (5.1, 5.2, 5.3) de température reliées en technique d'écoulement sont conformées dans l'espace de refroidissement, en ayant des sondes (25.1, 25.2, 25.3) de mesure de la température de point chaud de l'enroulement (3.1, 3.2, 3.3) partiel dans la région (5.1, 5.2, 5.3) de température respective pour associer aux signaux de chaque sonde de température, respectivement, leur propre valeur de seuil pour le déclenchement de fonctions de commande, qui sont accordées à la classe thermique des matériaux isolants utilisés dans les régions (5.1, 5.2, 5.3) de température respectives de l'enroulement (3.1, 3.2) partiel.
  15. Appareil électrique suivant l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    chacun des enroulements (3.1, 3.2) partiels, séparés en technique d'écoulement et thermiquement, dispose de ses propres sondes de contrôle de la température (25.3, 26.2) de l'enroulement et/ou de sondes (27, 28) de mesure de la température maximum du fluide isolant dans les espaces de refroidissement séparés thermiquement des enroulements (3.1, 3.2) et les sondes sont reliées à une unité de commande, qui est pourvue de moyens de contrôle du maintien des températures admissibles différentes pour chaque espace de refroidissement des enroulements (3.1, 3.2) et/ou du fluide (30) isolant et de commande indépendante des unités (15.1, 15.2) de refroidissement associées, respectivement, à un espace de refroidissement.
EP17772346.7A 2016-10-06 2017-09-15 Appareil électrique équipé de plusieurs unités de refroidissement Active EP3494584B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016219406.2A DE102016219406A1 (de) 2016-10-06 2016-10-06 Elektrisches Gerät mit mehreren Kühleinheiten
PCT/EP2017/073249 WO2018065189A1 (fr) 2016-10-06 2017-09-15 Appareil électrique équipé de plusieurs unités de refroidissement

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EP3494584B1 true EP3494584B1 (fr) 2020-10-28

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WO2026052369A1 (fr) * 2024-09-04 2026-03-12 Rolls-Royce Deutschland Ltd & Co Kg Unité d'entraînement électrique pour un aéronef

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DE102018112003A1 (de) * 2018-05-18 2019-11-21 Maschinenfabrik Reinhausen Gmbh Zustandsanalyse eines induktiven betriebsmittels
EP4435396B1 (fr) * 2023-03-20 2025-12-10 Hitachi Energy Ltd Procédé de détermination d'informations de température, ou d'informations relatives à des informations de température, relatives à un ensemble de dispositif à induction électrique statique
CN118412208B (zh) * 2024-06-28 2025-01-03 大连彬理电力科技有限公司 一种防止短路的变压器绕组结构

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US11322287B2 (en) 2022-05-03
EP3494584A1 (fr) 2019-06-12
US20190318862A1 (en) 2019-10-17
WO2018065189A1 (fr) 2018-04-12
DE102016219406A1 (de) 2018-04-12

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