EP3488082B1 - Turbine à vapeur avec élément de protection d'écoulement - Google Patents

Turbine à vapeur avec élément de protection d'écoulement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3488082B1
EP3488082B1 EP17735115.2A EP17735115A EP3488082B1 EP 3488082 B1 EP3488082 B1 EP 3488082B1 EP 17735115 A EP17735115 A EP 17735115A EP 3488082 B1 EP3488082 B1 EP 3488082B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flow
steam
turbine
housing
shield
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP17735115.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3488082A1 (fr
Inventor
Detlef Haje
Stefan PREIBISCH
Manuela SALOMO
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Siemens Energy Global GmbH and Co KG
Priority to PL17735115T priority Critical patent/PL3488082T3/pl
Publication of EP3488082A1 publication Critical patent/EP3488082A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3488082B1 publication Critical patent/EP3488082B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
    • F01D25/00—Component parts, details, or accessories, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, other groups
    • F01D25/24—Casings; Casing parts, e.g. diaphragms, casing fastenings
    • F01D25/26—Double casings; Measures against temperature strain in casings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
    • F05D2220/00—Application
    • F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
    • F05D2220/31—Application in turbines in steam turbines

Definitions

  • the steam When flowing through the steam turbine, the steam releases part of its internal energy, which is converted into rotational energy of the turbine shaft via the rotor blades.
  • the steam is expanded so that the pressure and temperature of the steam as it flows through the steam turbine are reduced after each turbine stage.
  • the turbine housing is thus exposed to a temperature gradient between a steam inlet and a steam outlet. In particular in the case of compact steam turbines, this leads to a very high load on the turbine housing.
  • turbine housings have a plurality of housing parts which are connected to one another to form the turbine housing with the formation of parting lines.
  • Turbine housings often have a lower housing part and an upper housing part.
  • the turbine housing can also have a plurality of housing segments along the longitudinal axis of the turbine, so that the high-pressure section and the medium-pressure section are arranged, for example, in different housing segments.
  • the connection is often made by screwing flanges of the housing parts or housing segments.
  • a steam turbine in which a parting line between two housing parts is completely covered by a shielding element.
  • the shielding element is sealed off from the housing parts via a sealing device, so that a cavity formed between the shielding element and the turbine housing is sealed off from the flow space.
  • the cavity is connected in a fluid-communicating manner via a pressure line to a region of the flow chamber which follows in the flow direction of the steam turbine and which is arranged behind a guide vane carrier.
  • the pressure line can be shut off via a valve.
  • Such a turbine is very complex and therefore costly to manufacture.
  • the sealing device is exposed to high mechanical stress, in particular thermal stress, but also abrasion by the steam flow, and accordingly exhibits high wear. This causes a high maintenance effort and high maintenance costs due to the shutdown and start-up required for this and the high downtimes of the steam turbine required for maintenance.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a steam turbine which improves or at least partially improves the above disadvantages.
  • the object of the present invention is to create a steam turbine in a compact design with a multi-part housing, which ensures a reduced temperature gradient on the turbine housing with simple means and inexpensively and thus allows a larger steam mass flow with consistently dimensioned fastening elements for connecting the housing parts and thus also have improved efficiency.
  • a steam turbine which has a turbine housing which has a plurality of turbine housing parts and which surrounds a flow space along a longitudinal axis of the turbine.
  • the turbine housing has a housing wall, a parting line being formed between two adjacent turbine housing parts.
  • On a housing wall side of the housing wall facing the flow space at least one flow shield is arranged, which shields a wall section of the housing wall from a flow of the flow space.
  • An intermediate space is formed between the flow shield and the wall section of the housing wall, the intermediate space having an opening to the flow space in at least one area.
  • a fluid-communicating connection between the space and the flow space is formed via this opening.
  • the opening is designed as a gap between the flow shield and the housing wall.
  • the flow shield extends in the circumferential direction of the housing wall only over a partial circumferential area of the housing wall.
  • the flow shield extends at least over parts of the turbine housing that are exposed to particularly large temperature differences and / or particularly high temperatures compared to other areas of the turbine housing. In this way it can be ensured that the steam turbine has a flow shield only in the areas of the turbine housing which are exposed to a particular thermal load in order to relieve these areas of the turbine housing. It is therefore no longer necessary to relieve these areas by reducing the steam mass flow and / or a steam temperature.
  • the turbine housing preferably has at least two turbine housing parts.
  • the turbine housing preferably has a lower housing part and an upper housing part, each of which is divided into at least two housing segments along a longitudinal axis of the turbine.
  • the turbine housing has a housing wall that is impermeable to steam.
  • a parting line is formed between two adjacent turbine housing parts.
  • the turbine housing parts preferably have at least one flange via which they are connected to one another, in particular screwed. As a result of the screwing, adjacent turbine housing parts are pressed against one another and the parting line is thus sealed.
  • a sealing device such as a sealing ring, is arranged in the parting line.
  • the turbine housing is designed along the turbine longitudinal axis and surrounding it.
  • the turbine housing thus surrounds a flow space.
  • a turbine shaft with rotor blade rings is rotatably mounted in the flow space.
  • the turbine housing preferably has at least one guide vane ring, which is assigned to at least one rotor blade ring of the turbine shaft.
  • the flow space is designed for the passage of steam. The steam is deflected by the guide vanes and thus hits the rotor blades at an optimized angle of attack.
  • At least one flow shield is arranged on a housing wall side of the housing wall facing the flow space.
  • the flow shield shields a wall section of the housing wall from a flow - in particular a steam mass flow - in the flow space.
  • shielding is understood to mean a deflection of the flow so that the steam can hit the shielded wall section with a changed flow direction and / or reduced flow velocity. In the context of the invention, shielding does not mean that the wall section is completely isolated from the steam so that contact with the steam is no longer possible.
  • the flow shield is preferably designed in the form of a plate and is more preferably adapted to a curvature of the turbine housing in order to exert as little influence as possible on the rest of the steam flow flowing through the flow space.
  • the turbine housing is preferably designed in such a way that the turbine wall and flow shield form an optimized flow space which is optimized for the flow to the turbine stages.
  • the turbine housing preferably has a slight increase in cross section in the area of the flow shield in order to compensate for a reduction in the volume of the flow space caused by the flow shield.
  • the flow shield is preferably at least partially spaced from the housing wall.
  • at least one spacer is arranged between the flow shield and the housing wall.
  • the flow shield is preferably screwed to the housing wall, but it can also be welded or riveted to it.
  • a spacer is preferably designed as a hollow cylinder which surrounds a screw of the screw connection.
  • the fastening of the flow shield to the housing wall is preferably designed to be heat-movable in order to avoid tensions between the flow shield and the housing wall due to different thermal expansions.
  • the intermediate space has an opening to the flow space.
  • a fluid-communicating connection between the intermediate space and the flow space is established via the opening.
  • the opening is formed on a side of the space that faces in a flow direction of the steam.
  • the intermediate space is preferably closed against the direction of flow of the steam. This prevents the steam flowing in the direction of flow from flowing directly into the space.
  • the steam has to change its direction of flow and thus reduce its flow velocity.
  • the opening is designed as a gap between the flow shield and the housing wall. The opening ensures that steam can get into the intermediate space from the rest of the flow space.
  • the steam turbine according to the invention has the advantage over conventional steam turbines that a thermal load on the turbine housing in the area of the flow shield is reduced with simple means and inexpensively. A temperature gradient in the housing is thus considerably reduced. In this way, when the steam turbine is in operation, fewer stresses are generated in the turbine housing, which occur as opening forces at the joints. As a result, a maximum load capacity and an efficiency of the steam turbine can be improved while the structural size remains unchanged.
  • the flow shield extends in the circumferential direction by 1.5 times to 6 times the height of the joint flange of a joint flange of the steam turbine.
  • adjacent turbine housing parts each have a parting line flange, via which the turbine housing parts are connected to one another, e.g. screwed.
  • the parting line flange has a parting line flange height in the longitudinal direction of a connecting screw for connecting the parting line flanges.
  • a thermal load on the turbine housing is particularly disadvantageous.
  • an extension of the flow shield by 1.5 to 6 times the joint flange height is particularly advantageous for this.
  • the flow shield is arranged in a flow space area of the flow space in which the flow space has a maximum temperature gradient. In these areas of the flow space there is a load on the turbine housing due to different thermal expansions extraordinary big. The flow shielding relieves these areas through reduced temperature input and the associated lower thermal expansion.
  • the flow shield has a terminating area in the flow direction, the intermediate space having a reduced height in the terminating area. Accordingly, the gap along the flow shield has different heights.
  • the opening is formed in the closing area and consequently has an opening height which corresponds to the height of the space in the closing area.
  • the steam turbine has at least one steam supply, which is designed for direct supply of steam into the intermediate space.
  • the steam supply can be designed, for example, as a channel in the housing wall or as an independent line.
  • the steam supply is preferably arranged in such a way that the steam is guided as close as possible to the parting line before it can be distributed within the interspace.
  • the steam can be introduced into the intermediate space, for example in the direction of the parting line, via a corresponding nozzle.
  • a steam inlet of the steam supply is arranged adjacent to the parting line.
  • the steam supply is preferably designed to supply steam which has a higher temperature than the steam in the flow space on the flow shield.
  • Such a steam supply has the advantage that the temperature gradient on the turbine housing can be further reduced with simple means.
  • the turbine housing is thus less stressed exposed, so that, for example, a less resilient or less expensive turbine housing can be used for the steam turbine.
  • the application of steam to the steam turbine such as steam mass flow and / or steam temperature, can be increased and the efficiency of the steam turbine can thus be improved.
  • the steam supply connects a region of the flow space, which is arranged in the flow direction upstream of the flow shield, with the intermediate space in a fluid-communicating manner.
  • the flow shield has a lower coefficient of thermal conductivity than the turbine housing. This is particularly advantageous in the case of high temperature differences in the turbine stage behind which the flow shield is arranged. Heat exchange with the intermediate space is thus reduced via the flow shield and the housing wall is thermally relieved as a result.
  • Fig. 2 shows a section of a lower part of the steam turbine 1 from Fig. 1 in a sectional view.
  • a flow shield 7 is arranged on a wall section 5a of the housing wall 5, adjacent to a separating joint 6 extending parallel to the longitudinal axis 4 of the turbine.
  • the flow shield 7 extends in the circumferential direction of the steam turbine 1 over a partial circumferential area 10.
  • a flow shield 7 is preferably likewise arranged accordingly on an upper part of the steam turbine 1, not shown in this figure.
  • An intermediate space 8 is formed between the flow shield 7 and the wall section 5a. In the flow direction 13, the intermediate space 8 is connected to the flow space 3 in a fluid-communicating manner via an opening 9.
  • the flow shield 7 is arranged directly behind a guide vane carrier 19 in the flow direction 13.
  • a plurality of steam supply lines 16 for supplying a steam mass flow into the intermediate space 7 are arranged in the guide vane carrier 19.
  • steam from the flow space 3 can be supplied to the intermediate space 8 from an area in front of the guide vane carrier 19.
  • the steam supply lines 16 each have an actuator 17.
  • a plurality of guide elements 18 are arranged between the flow shield 7 and the wall section 5 a in order to deflect the steam mass flow supplied via the steam supply lines 16 or to guide it in the direction of the parting line 6.
  • a vapor exchange between the intermediate space 8 and the flow space 3 can take place via the opening 9.
  • a section of the turbine housing 2 of the steam turbine 1 is shown in a side view and in the direction of flow 13.
  • the flow shield 7 is formed from two shield parts 7a, one shield part 7a each being arranged on a turbine housing part 2a, for example on an upper housing part and a lower housing part.
  • a parting line 6 formed between the turbine housing parts 2a can be clearly seen in this view.
  • the intermediate space 8 has an opening 9 which points downward. In the area of the opening 9, the interspace has a height 15 which is less than in other areas of the interspace 8.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Turbine à vapeur (1) comprenant un carter de turbine (2) comportant plusieurs parties de carter de turbine (2a), qui entoure une chambre d'écoulement (3) le long d'un axe longitudinal de turbine (4), le carter de turbine (2) comprenant une paroi de carter (5), un joint de séparation (6) étant formé entre deux parties de carter de turbine (2a) adjacentes et au moins un élément de protection vis-à-vis d'un écoulement (7) étant disposé sur une face de la paroi de carter (5) tournée vers la chambre d'écoulement (3), lequel élément de protection vis-à-vis d'un écoulement protège une partie (5a) de la paroi de carter (5) d'un écoulement de la chambre d'écoulement (3), un espace intermédiaire (8) étant formé entre l'élément de protection vis-à-vis d'un écoulement (7) et la partie (5a) de paroi de carter (5), l'espace intermédiaire (8) étant pourvu, dans au moins une zone, d'une ouverture (9) en direction de la chambre d'écoulement (3), une liaison de communication fluidique de l'espace intermédiaire (8) avec la chambre d'écoulement (3) étant ménagée par le biais de l'ouverture (9),
    l'ouverture étant réalisée en tant que fente entre l'élément de protection vis-à-vis d'un écoulement (7) et la paroi de carter (5),
    caractérisée en ce que l'élément de protection vis-à-vis d'un écoulement (7) ne s'étend que sur une zone circonférentielle partielle (10) de la paroi de carter (5) dans la direction circonférentielle de la paroi de carter (5).
  2. Turbine à vapeur (1) selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'élément de protection vis-à-vis d'un écoulement (3) protège de l'écoulement le joint de séparation (6) ainsi qu'une zone de la paroi de carter (5) qui entoure le joint de séparation (6).
  3. Turbine à vapeur (1) selon la revendication 2,
    caractérisée en ce que l'élément de protection vis-à-vis d'un écoulement (7) s'étend, dans la direction circonférentielle, sur une fois à six fois, préférablement deux fois à quatre fois, une hauteur de bride de joint de séparation (11) d'une bride de joint de séparation (12) de la turbine à vapeur.
  4. Turbine à vapeur (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisée en ce que l'élément de protection vis-à-vis d'un écoulement (7) comprend au moins deux parties d'élément de protection vis-à-vis d'un écoulement (7a) qui sont disposées sur des parties de carter de turbine (2a) adjacentes.
  5. Turbine à vapeur (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisée en ce que l'élément de protection vis-à-vis d'un écoulement (7) est disposé dans une zone de la chambre d'écoulement (3) dans laquelle la chambre d'écoulement (3) présente un gradient de température maximal.
  6. Turbine à vapeur (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisée en ce que l'élément de protection vis-à-vis d'un écoulement (7) comprend une zone de terminaison (14) dans la direction d'écoulement (13), l'espace intermédiaire présentant une hauteur (15) réduite dans la zone de terminaison (14).
  7. Turbine à vapeur (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisée en ce que la turbine à vapeur (1) comprend au moins une alimentation en vapeur (16) qui est conçue pour l'alimentation directe de vapeur dans l'espace intermédiaire (8).
  8. Turbine à vapeur (1) selon la revendication 7,
    caractérisée en ce que l'alimentation en vapeur (16) relie en communication fluidique une zone de la chambre d'écoulement (3), qui est située avant l'élément de protection vis-à-vis d'un écoulement (7) dans la direction d'écoulement (13), à l'espace intermédiaire (8).
  9. Turbine à vapeur (1) selon la revendication 7 ou 8,
    caractérisée en ce que l'alimentation en vapeur (16) comprend au moins un organe de réglage (17) permettant de régler un flux massique de vapeur.
  10. Turbine à vapeur (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisée en ce qu'un côté de l'élément de protection vis-à-vis d'un écoulement (7) tourné vers la paroi de carter (5) est pourvu d'au moins un élément de guidage (18) qui est conçu pour guider un flux massique de vapeur à l'intérieur de l'espace intermédiaire (8).
  11. Turbine à vapeur (1) selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisée en ce que l'élément de protection vis-à-vis d'un écoulement (7) a un plus faible coefficient de conductivité thermique que le carter de turbine (2).
EP17735115.2A 2016-08-23 2017-07-04 Turbine à vapeur avec élément de protection d'écoulement Active EP3488082B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL17735115T PL3488082T3 (pl) 2016-08-23 2017-07-04 Turbina parowa z osłoną przepływową

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016215795.7A DE102016215795A1 (de) 2016-08-23 2016-08-23 Dampfturbine mit Strömungsabschirmung
PCT/EP2017/066550 WO2018036696A1 (fr) 2016-08-23 2017-07-04 Turbine à vapeur à élément de protection d'écoulement

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3488082A1 EP3488082A1 (fr) 2019-05-29
EP3488082B1 true EP3488082B1 (fr) 2021-09-29

Family

ID=59276764

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17735115.2A Active EP3488082B1 (fr) 2016-08-23 2017-07-04 Turbine à vapeur avec élément de protection d'écoulement

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US11274572B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3488082B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6925413B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN109642474B (fr)
DE (1) DE102016215795A1 (fr)
PL (1) PL3488082T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2018036696A1 (fr)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL97874C (fr)
GB510505A (en) 1938-01-27 1939-08-02 British Thomson Houston Co Ltd Improvements in casings for elastic fluid turbines
JPS5537681Y2 (fr) 1976-12-27 1980-09-04
US4219201A (en) 1978-05-24 1980-08-26 Carrier Corporation Sealing assembly
JPS57212307A (en) 1981-06-24 1982-12-27 Hitachi Ltd Damping device for thermal stress on casing
CN1004016B (zh) 1985-04-01 1989-04-26 苏舍兄弟有限公司 涡轮机的筒形外壳
JPH04111501U (ja) 1991-03-13 1992-09-28 三菱重工業株式会社 蒸気タービンのサーマルシールド装置
ES2206962T3 (es) 1997-06-25 2004-05-16 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dispositivo para la conexion de secciones de conductos.
JP3593481B2 (ja) 1999-11-17 2004-11-24 株式会社日立製作所 防熱板の取り付け装置
EP1162347A1 (fr) 2000-06-09 2001-12-12 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Trubine à vapeur avec un cartèr divisible
US20040191488A1 (en) * 2002-04-10 2004-09-30 Thomas Berndt Component, method for coating a component, and powder
EP1555329A1 (fr) * 2004-01-15 2005-07-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Piece ayant des contraintes de compression internes, procédé et dispositif de production de contraintes de compression internes
EP2119878A1 (fr) 2008-05-15 2009-11-18 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Turbine à vapeur dotée d'un boîtier intérieur séparé
DE102008045657B4 (de) 2008-09-03 2014-11-06 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Reduzierung des Drucks auf eine Trennfuge zwischen wenigstens zwei Begrenzungsteilen
EP2915960A1 (fr) * 2014-03-07 2015-09-09 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Système de joint permettant d'étanchéifier une fente entre deux composants reposant à plat l'un contre l'autre à température ambiante
US10012389B2 (en) * 2014-05-08 2018-07-03 United Technologies Corporation Case with integral heat shielding
DE102017211295A1 (de) * 2017-07-03 2019-01-03 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Dampfturbine und Verfahren zum Betreiben derselben

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP6925413B2 (ja) 2021-08-25
PL3488082T3 (pl) 2022-01-31
EP3488082A1 (fr) 2019-05-29
WO2018036696A1 (fr) 2018-03-01
DE102016215795A1 (de) 2018-03-01
US11274572B2 (en) 2022-03-15
CN109642474A (zh) 2019-04-16
JP2019525074A (ja) 2019-09-05
CN109642474B (zh) 2022-05-13
US20210310375A1 (en) 2021-10-07

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