EP3487000B1

EP3487000B1 - Wireless transceiving apparatus, antenna unit and base station

Info

Publication number: EP3487000B1
Application number: EP16910054.2A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Shuchen ZHAO; Ke Long; Chuan Liu; Changshun DENG
Original assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Current assignee: Huawei Technologies Co Ltd
Priority date: 2016-07-27
Filing date: 2016-07-27
Publication date: 2023-03-01
Anticipated expiration: 2036-07-27
Also published as: EP3487000A1; MX2019001191A; EP3487000A4; CN112397897A; CN112397897B; CN109478713B; WO2018018473A1; CA3031996A1; CN109478713A; CA3031996C

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

The present invention relates to the communications field, and in particular, to a radio transceiver apparatus, an antenna element, and a base station.

BACKGROUND

In a mobile communications system, a radio transceiver apparatus is a common signal transceiver structure, mainly including structures such as an antenna element, a dielectric substrate, a shielding cover, and a metal carrier. To implement a wide signal coverage of the radio transceiver apparatus, the antenna element configured in the radio transceiver apparatus is usually an omnidirectional antenna element. The omnidirectional antenna element is manifested as 360° uniform radiation in a horizontal directivity pattern, commonly referred to as "non-directional", and is manifested as a beam of a specific width in a vertical directivity pattern.
If one omnidirectional antenna element is installed in a conventional radio transceiver apparatus, the omnidirectional antenna element is usually disposed in a central location of a metal carrier (the metal carrier is equivalent to a reference ground). For example, the omnidirectional antenna element is centrosymmetrically disposed on a shielding cover of the radio transceiver apparatus, and a radiation patch or a radiator of the antenna element is designed to be a centrosymmetric (also referred to as rotational symmetric) structure. In addition, the antenna element in the symmetric structure needs to be disposed in the center of the metal carrier. Structure symmetry is used to ensure that the antenna element has a feature of uniform radiation on a cross section parallel to the shielding cover, thereby achieving high roundness performance.
However, if the antenna element is not disposed in the central location of the metal carrier, as disclosed, for example, in documents US 2006/0227052 A1 or US 2010/295736 A1 , symmetry of the antenna element relative to the metal carrier cannot be ensured. An inevitable consequence is that a ground current is distributed non-centrosymmetrically, and an antenna pattern roundness of the antenna element deteriorates.

SUMMARY

To resolve a problem that an antenna pattern roundness of an antenna element is relatively poor when the antenna element is not disposed in a central location of a metal carrier, embodiments of the present invention provide a radio transceiver apparatus, an antenna element, and a base station. The invention is set out in the appended set of claims.
In the radio transceiver apparatus, the antenna element, and the base station that are provided in the embodiments of the present invention, both the feeding structure and the radiation patch in each of the at least one antenna element disposed at the edge of the metal carrier are non-centrosymmetric structures, the metal carrier is used as a reference ground of the antenna element, and the metal carrier is also non-centrosymmetric relative to each antenna element. In this case, for each antenna element, distribution of ground currents generated by the non-centrosymmetric radiation patch and the non-centrosymmetric reference ground may form relative centrosymmetry. Compared with an omnidirectional antenna element in a conventional radio transceiver apparatus, the antenna element in the radio transceiver apparatus provided in the embodiments of the present invention has a better antenna pattern roundness within a broadband range. Therefore, an antenna pattern roundness is effectively improved.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

To describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention more clearly, the following briefly describes the accompanying drawings required for describing the embodiments. Apparently, the accompanying drawings in the following description show merely some embodiments of the present invention, and a person of ordinary skill in the art may still derive other drawings from these accompanying drawings without creative efforts.

FIG 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a commonly used omnidirectional antenna element provided in a related technology;
FIG 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a commonly used radio transceiver apparatus provided in a related technology;
FIG 3 is a schematic diagram of current distribution of a commonly used omnidirectional antenna element provided in a related technology;
FIG 4 is a schematic diagram of current distribution of an omnidirectional antenna element in the radio transceiver apparatus provided in FIG 2;
FIG 5 is a simulation diagram of a radiation pattern of the omnidirectional antenna element in the radio transceiver apparatus shown in FIG 4;
FIG 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a radio transceiver apparatus according to an example embodiment of the present invention;
FIG 7 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a radio transceiver apparatus according to an example embodiment of the present invention;
FIG 8 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of another radio transceiver apparatus according to an example embodiment not forming part of the present invention;
FIG 9 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of still another radio transceiver apparatus according to an example embodiment of the present invention;
FIG 10 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a radio transceiver apparatus according to another example embodiment of the present invention;
FIG 11 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of another radio transceiver apparatus according to another example embodiment of the present invention;
FIG 12 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of still another radio transceiver apparatus according to another example embodiment of the present invention;
FIG 13 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of another radio transceiver apparatus according to still another example embodiment of the present invention;
FIG 14 is a left view of the radio transceiver apparatus shown in FIG 7;
FIG 15 is a top view of the radio transceiver apparatus shown in FIG 7;
FIG 16 is a simulation diagram of a radiation pattern of an antenna element in the radio transceiver apparatus in FIG 7;
FIG 17 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of still another radio transceiver apparatus according to still another example embodiment not forming part of the present invention;
FIG 18 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of yet another radio transceiver apparatus according to still another example embodiment of the present invention;
FIG 19 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of a radio transceiver apparatus according to yet another example embodiment not forming part of the present invention; and
FIG 20 is a schematic diagram of a partial structure of another radio transceiver apparatus according to yet another example embodiment of the present invention.

DESCRIPTION OF EMBODIMENTS

To make objectives, technical solutions, and advantages of the present invention clearer, the following further describes the embodiments of the present invention in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.
FIG 1 shows a commonly used omnidirectional antenna element 10 provided in a related technology. The omnidirectional antenna element may be referred to as a broadband monopole antenna element. As shown in FIG 1, the omnidirectional antenna element 10 includes:
a radiation patch 11, a short-circuit probe 12 with one end connected to the radiation patch 11 and the other end grounded, and a feeding probe 13, where one end of the feeding probe 13 is grounded, a slot H is formed between the radiation patch 11 and the other end of the feeding probe 13, feeding is performed between the radiation patch 11 and the feeding probe 13 by using the slot H, and a feed point is a point A.
Because the existing omnidirectional antenna element is a three-dimensional structure, a radio transceiver apparatus including the omnidirectional antenna element may be shown in FIG 2. FIG 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a conventional radio transceiver apparatus 20. The radio transceiver apparatus 20 includes at least one omnidirectional antenna element 10, a carrier dielectric substrate (also referred to as a radiation board) 201, a shielding cover 202, and a metal carrier 203. The metal carrier 203 is a housing, the carrier dielectric substrate 201 is disposed in the metal carrier 203, the shielding cover 202 is fastened on the metal carrier, and the omnidirectional antenna element 10 is formed on the shielding cover 202 or the metal carrier 203. In FIG 2, an example in which the omnidirectional antenna element 10 is formed on the shielding cover 202 is used for description. It can be seen from FIG 2 that the omnidirectional antenna element 10 is a three-dimensional structure obtained by separate processing. After the processing, the omnidirectional antenna element 10 is disposed on the shielding cover 202 or the metal carrier 203.
Generally, with regard to a structure of a radio transceiver apparatus, there is symmetry related to a roundness in three aspects: symmetry of an antenna element body, symmetry of an installation location, and symmetry of a metal carrier. If symmetry in all the three aspects is achieved, to be specific, a centrosymmetric (also referred to as rotational symmetric) omnidirectional antenna element is centrosymmetrically disposed on a centrosymmetric metal carrier, the roundness of the radio transceiver apparatus is usually relatively good. However, if symmetry in one of the three aspects is broken, the roundness usually deteriorates. In actual application, because of processing convenience, the metal carrier is a centrosymmetric structure, for example, a square structure or a round structure, and the shielding cover fastened on the metal carrier is also a centrosymmetric structure. Optionally, the metal carrier may be a centrosymmetric prism-shaped structure. For a purpose of aesthetics, an edge of the metal carrier may have a fillet or a beveling.
If one omnidirectional antenna element is installed in the conventional radio transceiver apparatus, the omnidirectional antenna element is usually disposed in a central location of the metal carrier. For example, the omnidirectional antenna element is centrosymmetrically disposed on the shielding cover of the radio transceiver apparatus, and a radiation patch or a radiator of the antenna element is designed to be a centrosymmetric structure. In addition, the antenna element in the symmetric structure needs to be disposed in the center of a reference ground (for example, a ground marked in FIG 3). Structure symmetry is used to ensure that the antenna element has a feature of uniform radiation on a cross section parallel to the reference ground, thereby achieving high roundness performance. FIG 3 shows a schematic diagram of corresponding current distribution. A ground current of the antenna element is distributed centrosymmetrically. However, if the antenna element is not disposed in the central location of the metal carrier, symmetry of the antenna element relative to the metal carrier cannot be ensured. An inevitable consequence is that the ground current is distributed non-centrosymmetrically, and an antenna pattern roundness of the antenna element deteriorates.
In actual application, to implement multi-band coverage and multi-channel signal transmission, at least two omnidirectional antenna elements usually need to be installed in the radio transceiver apparatus. When there are a plurality of antenna elements, an antenna element not disposed in the central location of the metal carrier exists inevitably. Symmetry of each antenna element relative to the reference ground cannot be ensured, and therefore the antenna pattern roundness of the conventional radio transceiver apparatus having a plurality of antenna elements is relatively poor.
FIG 4 is a schematic diagram of current distribution of an antenna element in a scenario that is shown in FIG 2 and in which an omnidirectional antenna element is disposed on each of four corners of the shielding cover. The metal carrier is used as the reference ground of the antenna element (for example, a ground marked in FIG 4), and is not centrosymmetric relative to each antenna element. A ground current of each antenna element is therefore non-centrosymmetrically distributed. Correspondingly, a simulation diagram of a radiation pattern of the antenna element may be shown in FIG 5. Antenna pattern roundnesses corresponding to different bandwidths in FIG 5 are shown in Table 1. A cross section of a three-dimensional radiation pattern at an angle Theta in a horizontal plane direction is obtained. A value range of Theta is usually from 0° to 180°. A frequency value recorded in Table 1 is a frequency value corresponding to a frequency channel number used when the antenna element operates normally. A cross section roundness corresponding to Theta indicates a difference that is between a maximum value and a minimum value of levels (unit: dB) in the radiation pattern and that is obtained when the angle is Theta. In addition, considering a coverage area, a cross section corresponding to Theta = 80° is usually focused on. Theta = 80° indicates that an angle between the cross section and a vertical direction in a polar coordinate system is 80°. It can be learned from the simulation diagram shown in FIG 5 and Table 1 that, if a conventional broadband monopole antenna element is disposed on each of four corners of the metal carrier, the antenna elements are distributed non-centrosymmetrically relative to the carrier, leading to non-centrosymmetric distribution of ground currents in the metal carrier. Therefore, a relatively deep radiation pattern groove is formed in a diagonal direction of the metal carrier, resulting in rapid deterioration of the antenna pattern roundness. Within a bandwidth range from 1.7 GHz to 2.7 GHz (gigahertz), a poorest roundness is 10.9 dB (decibel). A fluctuation degree of the radiation pattern far exceeds a fluctuation range that can be accepted by a communication operator. Great fluctuation in a horizontal directivity pattern causes a communication dead zone in some angle ranges, thereby decreasing the coverage area, and reducing a communication capability. Table 1

Frequency (GHz) Cross section roundness (dB) when Theta = 80°

1.7 4.2

1.9 5.8

2.1 7.6

2.3 9.7

2.5 10.9

2.7 8.9
FIG 6 is a schematic structural diagram of a radio transceiver apparatus 30 according to an example embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG 6, the radio transceiver apparatus 30 may include a metal carrier 301 and at least one antenna element 302 that is disposed at an edge of the metal carrier 301.
The edge is a non-central location of the metal carrier. To be specific, if the metal carrier is a centrosymmetric structure, the antenna element is located in the non-central location of the metal carrier; or when the metal carrier is a non-centrosymmetric structure, the metal carrier does not have a center, and the antenna element merely needs to be located on the metal carrier. Optionally, the antenna element 302 may be located on a corner of the metal carrier 301, or located on a border of the metal carrier. As shown in a dashed-line box U in FIG 6, an enlarged view of an antenna element 302 disposed at the edge of the metal carrier 301 is in the dashed-line box U. Each antenna element 302 includes a feeding structure 3021 and a radiation patch 3022, and both the feeding structure 3021 and the radiation patch 3022 are non-centrosymmetric structures. Optionally, both the feeding structure 3021 and the radiation patch 3022 may be axisymmetrical structures. It should be noted that the metal carrier in this embodiment of the present invention may have a plurality of structures. The metal carrier can be used as a reference ground of the antenna element, and the metal carrier may be a metal housing, a circuit board (for example, a dielectric substrate), a radiator, or the like of the radio transceiver apparatus.
Power is fed to the radiation patch 3022 by using the feeding structure 3021, and the radiation patch 3022 is grounded.
In actual application, electromagnetic oscillation (also referred to as resonance) can be generated between the radiation patch 3022 and a mounting surface Q of the antenna element 302. Capacitance and inductance are generated between the radiation patch and the mounting surface Q of the antenna element 302, and the capacitance and the inductance excite the electromagnetic oscillation.
In the radio transceiver apparatus provided in this embodiment of the present invention, both the feeding structure and the radiation patch in each of the at least one antenna element disposed at the edge of the metal carrier are non-centrosymmetric structures, the metal carrier is used as a reference ground of the antenna element, and the metal carrier is also non-centrosymmetric relative to each antenna element. In this case, for each antenna element, distribution of ground currents generated by the non-centrosymmetric radiation patch and the non-centrosymmetric reference ground may form relative centrosymmetry. Compared with an omnidirectional antenna element in a conventional radio transceiver apparatus, the antenna element in the radio transceiver apparatus provided in this embodiment of the present invention has a better antenna pattern roundness within a broadband range. Therefore, an antenna pattern roundness is effectively improved.
In addition, in this embodiment of the present invention, the metal carrier and the antenna element cooperate with each other to achieve an actual high roundness of the antenna element. In other words, that the antenna element is disposed at the edge of the metal carrier is used as a factor for improving roundness of the antenna element. Integrated design may be performed on the antenna element body and the metal carrier that is considered as another radiation arm of the antenna element. Non-symmetry of the radiation patch and the feeding structure is used to counteract roundness deterioration caused due to non-symmetry of the reference ground, thereby achieving high roundness performance of the antenna element.
Further, the metal carrier 301 is a centrosymmetric housing, and a carrier dielectric substrate 303 and a shielding cover 304 may be further stacked on the metal carrier 301 sequentially. The carrier dielectric substrate is configured to carry an electronic component in the metal carrier. The antenna element 302 is disposed on the shielding cover 304 and is located at the edge of the metal carrier 301. The shielding cover 304 is fastened on the carrier dielectric substrate 303, and is configured to shield mutual interference between a radio frequency circuit and an external environment and between the radio frequency circuit and the antenna element. The carrier dielectric substrate 303 and a dielectric substrate 3023 may be made of a same material or different materials. In actual application, as shown in FIG 6, the carrier dielectric substrate may alternatively be disposed inside the metal carrier 301, and the shielding cover is fastened on the metal carrier 301. Optionally, the carrier dielectric substrate may be a model FR-4 epoxy resin board with a dielectric constant 4.2, or may be made of another material.
In actual application, there may be a plurality of feeding manners for the feeding structure and the radiation patch, for example, direct feeding or coupled feeding. When the feeding structure is in direct contact with the radiation patch, direct feeding is implemented between the feeding structure and the radiation patch. The antenna element using such a feeding manner can implement a relatively narrow standing wave ratio bandwidth in a simple way. Coupled feeding can be used to extend a bandwidth of the antenna element.
For the conventional omnidirectional antenna element, for example, the omnidirectional antenna element 10 shown in FIG 1, because of a structure of the omnidirectional antenna element, if a plurality of antenna elements are disposed in the radio transceiver apparatus or a metal ground is non-symmetric, a relatively good antenna pattern roundness can be maintained only within a narrowband range, and the antenna pattern roundness is relatively poor within a broadband range.
A radiation pattern is short for an antenna element radiation pattern, and is a pattern in which relative field strength (normalized modulus value) of a radiation field changes with a direction at a specific distance from the antenna element. The radiation pattern is usually represented by using two mutually perpendicular plane radiation patterns in a maximum radiation direction of the antenna element. The antenna element radiation pattern is an important pattern for measuring performance of an antenna element. Various parameters of the antenna element may be observed from the antenna element radiation pattern. The antenna pattern roundness (antenna pattern roundness) is also referred to as an antenna pattern out-of-roundness, and indicates a difference between a maximum value and a minimum value of levels (unit: dB) of the antenna element in various directions in a horizontal directivity pattern.
To make the antenna element 302 obtain a relatively large standing wave ratio bandwidth, in this embodiment of the present invention, as shown in FIG 6, there may be a slot m between the feeding structure 3021 and the radiation patch 3022. For example, there may be the slot m between the radiation patch 3022 and an orthographic projection of the feeding structure 3021 on a plane on which the radiation patch 3022 is located. Alternatively, there may be an overlapping area between the radiation patch 3022 and an orthographic projection of the feeding structure 3021 on a plane on which the radiation patch 3022 is located, but the feeding structure 3021 and the radiation patch 3022 are neither coplanar nor attached to each other, and therefore the slot m is generated. Coupled feeding is implemented between the feeding structure 3021 and the radiation patch 3022 by using the slot m. The antenna element 302 can obtain a relatively large standing wave ratio bandwidth in the coupled feeding manner. Further, shapes of the feeding structure 3021 and the radiation patch 3022 may be set in a matching manner, to ensure effective feeding between the feeding structure 3021 and the radiation patch 3022. In this embodiment of the present invention, the following four possible implementations are used as examples for description:
In a first possible implementation, as shown in FIG 6 or FIG 7, the feeding structure 3021 is an E-shaped structure, the E-shaped structure is formed by a first vertical bar structure and three first horizontal bar structures with one ends disposed on the first vertical bar structure at intervals, an opening of the E-shaped structure faces away from the radiation patch, a length of a first horizontal bar structure located in the middle of the E-shaped structure is greater than lengths of the other two first horizontal bar structures, the other end of the first horizontal bar structure located in the middle of the E-shaped structure is connected to a feed of the metal carrier, and the slot is formed between the first vertical bar structure and the radiation patch 3022. The feed, also referred to as a feed source, may be a signal transmission port of the metal carrier, and is usually connected to an input/output port of a transceiver.
In a second possible implementation, as shown in FIG 8 and which is not covered by the claimed invention, the feeding structure 3021 is a T-shaped structure, the T-shaped structure is formed by a second vertical bar structure and one second horizontal bar structure with one end extending outwards from a middle part of the second vertical bar structure, the other end of the second horizontal bar structure is connected to a feed of the metal carrier, and the slot is formed between the second vertical bar structure and the radiation patch 3022.
In a third possible implementation, as shown in FIG 9, the feeding structure 3021 may alternatively be an integrated structure formed by an arc-shaped structure 30211 and a bar structure 30212, one end of the bar structure 30212 is connected to a feed of the metal carrier, and the other end of the bar structure 30212 is connected to the arc-shaped structure 30211; an arc-shaped opening is disposed on one side that is near the feeding structure 3021 and that is of the radiation patch 3022, the arc-shaped structure 30211 matches the arc-shaped opening, the arc-shaped structure 30211 is located in the arc-shaped opening, and the slot for coupled feeding is formed between the arc-shaped structure 30211 and the arc-shaped opening.
In a fourth possible implementation, as shown in FIG 10, the feeding structure 3021 may alternatively be an arc-shaped bar structure, an external side of the feeding structure 3021 is connected to a feed of the metal carrier, and the slot is formed between the radiation patch 3022 and an internal side of the feeding structure 3021.
It should be noted that the shapes of the feeding structure 3021 and the radiation patch 3022 may match each other in another manner. This embodiment of the present invention is merely an example description, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, or the like made based on the matching cases provided in the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention as long as they fall within the scope of the appended claims. Therefore, no further details are provided in this embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG 6 to FIG 10, the feeding structure 3021 may be connected to the feed of the metal carrier 301 by using a feed pin 3027. The feed pin 3027 is perpendicular to the mounting surface of the antenna element 302.
Further, as shown in FIG 7 to FIG 10, the antenna element 302 may further include the dielectric substrate 3023. Optionally, the dielectric substrate may be a model FR-4 epoxy resin board with a dielectric constant 4.2, or may be made of another material. The dielectric substrate 3023 is configured to carry the radiation patch 3022 and the feeding structure 3021, that is, the radiation patch 3022 is disposed on the dielectric substrate 3023. A surface W of the dielectric substrate may be parallel to the mounting surface of the antenna element. Capacitance may be generated between the two parallel surfaces. The feeding structure 3021 may be completely or partially disposed on the dielectric substrate 3023. As shown in FIG 9, the radiation patch 3022 is attached onto the surface W (namely, any of two surfaces with a maximum surface area of the dielectric substrate 3023) of the dielectric substrate 3023, a surface of the radiation patch is parallel to the mounting surface Q of the antenna element 302, and capacitance may be generated between the two parallel surfaces.
Further, as shown in FIG 8 and FIG 9, the antenna element 302 may further include a parasitic structure 3024.
The parasitic structure 3024 is located on a surface parallel to the mounting surface of the antenna element. For example, the parasitic structure 3024 may be supported by some support structures, and disposed on the surface parallel to the mounting surface of the antenna element. Alternatively, the parasitic structure 3024 is directly disposed on the surface of the dielectric substrate 3023, the dielectric substrate is parallel to a bottom surface of a groove, the parasitic structure 3024 is grounded, and there may be a slot n between the parasitic structure 3024 and the radiation patch 3022. For example, there is the slot n between the radiation patch 3022 and an orthographic projection of the parasitic structure 3024 on the plane on which the radiation patch 3022 is located. Alternatively, there may be an overlapping area between the radiation patch 3022 and an orthographic projection of the parasitic structure 3024 on the plane on which the radiation patch 3022 is located, but the parasitic structure 3024 and the radiation patch 3022 are neither coplanar nor attached to each other, and therefore the slot n is generated. Coupled feeding is implemented between the parasitic structure 3024 and the radiation patch 3022 by using the slot n. Electromagnetic oscillation may be generated between the parasitic structure 3024 and the mounting surface of the antenna element. Based on the radiation patch, the parasitic structure is added to the antenna element. Electromagnetic oscillation can be generated between the mounting surface of the antenna element and each of the parasitic structure and the radiation patch, and an area of overall resonance of the antenna element is positively correlated with the bandwidth of the antenna element. Therefore, coupled feeding between the radiation patch and the parasitic structure can be used to further extend the bandwidth of the antenna element while ensuring that the antenna element has a relatively small size. In addition, the parasitic structure 3024 may also be non-centrosymmetric, to further ensure the antenna pattern roundness of the antenna element. Optionally, as shown in FIG 8 or FIG 9, the antenna element 302 may further include a first ground pin 3025.
One end of the first ground pin 3025 is connected to the parasitic structure 3024, and the other end of the first ground pin 3025 is connected to the metal carrier 301. The first ground pin 3025 is perpendicular to the mounting surface of the antenna element, and the parasitic structure 3024 is grounded by using the metal carrier 301. The parasitic structure may be disposed in parallel to the mounting surface of the antenna element, so that capacitance is generated between the parasitic structure and the mounting surface. Then, the first ground pin is disposed, so that inductance is generated between the parasitic structure and the mounting surface, to further excite the electromagnetic oscillation. In addition, the first ground pin is disposed to ensure that not only the parasitic structure can be electrically connected to the metal carrier through a relatively short path, but also the parasitic structure can be supported. A manufacturing technology of the first ground pin is also relatively simple.
In this embodiment of the present invention, there may be a plurality of feeding manners for the radiation patch and the parasitic structure, for example, direct feeding or coupled feeding. Both the feeding manners can be used to extend the bandwidth of the antenna element. As shown in FIG 11, the radiation patch 3022 is in direct contact with the parasitic structure 3024, and direct feeding is implemented between the radiation patch 3022 and the parasitic structure 3024. The radiation patch 3022 using such a feeding manner may not need a side ground cable but be directly grounded by using the first ground pin 3025 connected to the parasitic structure. In addition, the first ground pin may further generate relatively strong inductance between the radiation patch and the mounting surface of the antenna element, thereby ensuring generation of the electromagnetic oscillation between the radiation patch and the mounting surface of the antenna element.
As shown in FIG 8 or FIG 9, there is the slot n between the parasitic structure 3024 and the radiation patch 3022, and coupled feeding is implemented between the parasitic structure 3024 and the radiation patch 3022 by using the slot n. The antenna element 302 can obtain a relatively large standing wave ratio bandwidth in the coupled feeding manner. It should be noted that, because the parasitic structure 3024 is not in contact with the radiation patch 3022 during coupled feeding, the radiation patch 3022 cannot be grounded by using the parasitic structure 3024, and needs to be grounded by using a ground cable or a ground pin.
It should be noted that, because of performance of the parasitic structure, an area of the parasitic structure when direct feeding is used is greater than an area of the parasitic structure when coupled feeding is used. To reduce the overall size of the antenna element, the parasitic structure and the radiation patch usually implement feeding in the coupled feeding manner.
Further, shapes of the parasitic structure 3024 and the radiation patch 3022 may be set in a matching manner, to ensure effective feeding between the parasitic structure 3024 and the radiation patch 3022. For example, when the antenna element 302 implements feeding in the manner of coupled feeding by the parasitic structure 3024 and the radiation patch 3022, the parasitic structure 3024 and the radiation patch 3022 may be disposed in a matching manner, to ensure a proper slot between the parasitic structure 3024 and the radiation patch 3022. For example, as shown in FIG 9, the parasitic structure 3024 is a fan-shaped structure, the radiation patch 3022 is a semi-annular structure, and a center of the radiation patch 3022 and a center of the parasitic structure 3024 are located on a same side of the radiation patch 3022. Optionally, both the centers are near a corner of the mounting surface of the antenna element, to reduce the overall size of the antenna element. As shown in FIG 8, the parasitic structure 3024 is a triangular structure, the radiation patch 3022 is a polygonal structure, and two sides that are of the radiation patch 3022 and the parasitic structure 3024 and that are close to each other are parallel to each other. For another example, when the antenna element 302 implements feeding in the manner of direct feeding by the parasitic structure 3024 and the radiation patch 3022, the shapes of the parasitic structure 3024 and the radiation patch 3022 may be set in a matching manner, to ensure an effective connection between the parasitic structure 3024 and the radiation patch 3022. For example, as shown in FIG 11, the parasitic structure 3024 is a fan-shaped structure, the radiation patch 3022 is a semi-annular structure, and a center of the radiation patch 3022 and a center of the parasitic structure 3024 are located on a same side of the radiation patch 3022. An external edge of the fan-shaped structure is bonded to an internal edge of the semi-annular structure. In FIG 11, the parasitic structure 3024 and the radiation patch 3022 may be located on a same surface of the dielectric substrate, and the parasitic structure 3024 and the radiation patch 3022 partially overlap. The parasitic structure 3024 and the radiation patch 3022 are electrically connected through contact in an overlap part. For example, the parasitic structure 3024 and the radiation patch 3022 are located on a lower surface of the dielectric substrate, and an upper surface of the parasitic structure 3024 and a lower surface of the radiation patch 3022 partially overlap.
It should be noted that the shapes of the parasitic structure 3024 and the radiation patch 3022 may match each other in another manner. This embodiment of the present invention is merely an example description, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, or the like made based on the matching cases provided in the present invention should fall within the protection scope of the present invention as long they fall within the scope of the appended claims. Therefore, no further details are provided in this embodiment of the present invention.
It should be noted that the radiation patch 3022 may be grounded by using a ground pin. Optionally, as shown in FIG 7, the antenna element 302 may further include a second ground pin 3026 disposed on at least one side of the radiation patch 3022. The second ground pin 3026 may be made of metal. One end of the second ground pin 3026 is connected to the radiation patch 3022, and the other end of the second ground pin 3026 is connected to the metal carrier 301. The second ground pin 3026 is perpendicular to the mounting surface of the antenna element. The radiation patch 3022 is grounded by using the metal carrier 301. For example, in FIG 7, an example in which two second ground pins 3026 are disposed on the antenna element 302 is used as an example. The two second ground pins 3026 are symmetrically disposed on two sides of the radiation patch 3022. The second ground pins 3026 are disposed. Therefore, the radiation patch may be disposed in parallel to the mounting surface of the antenna element, so that the capacitance is generated between the radiation patch and the mounting surface. Then, the second ground pins are disposed, so that the inductance is generated between the radiation patch and the mounting surface, to further excite the electromagnetic oscillation. In addition, the second ground pins can not only make the radiation patch electrically connected to the metal carrier through a relatively short path, but also support the dielectric substrate to prevent deformation of the dielectric substrate. A manufacturing technology of the second ground pin is also relatively simple. Moreover, symmetrically disposing the two second ground pins 3026 on the two sides of the radiation patch 3022 can effectively reduce the size of the antenna element and extend the bandwidth. In actual application, relative locations of the radiation patch, the feeding structure, and the parasitic structure on the dielectric substrate may be set based on a specific situation. Two of the radiation patch, the feeding structure, and the parasitic structure may be located on one surface of the dielectric substrate, and one thereof may be located on the other surface of the dielectric substrate. Alternatively, the radiation patch, the feeding structure, and the parasitic structure are located on a same surface of the dielectric substrate. As shown in FIG 8 or FIG 9, the radiation patch 3022 and the feeding structure 3021 are located on one surface of the dielectric substrate, and the parasitic structure 3024 is located on the other surface of the dielectric substrate. As shown in FIG 11, the radiation patch 3022 and the parasitic structure 3024 are located on one surface of the dielectric substrate 3023, and the feeding structure 3021 is located on the other surface of the dielectric substrate 3023. If the radiation patch and the parasitic structure are located on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate, the feeding structure is located on an upper surface of the dielectric substrate.
Certainly, when no parasitic structure is disposed in the radio transceiver apparatus, relative locations of the radiation patch 3022 and the feeding structure 3021 on the dielectric substrate may be set based on a specific situation. The radiation patch 3022 and the feeding structure 3021 may be located on the two surfaces of the dielectric substrate 3023, or the radiation patch 3022 and the feeding structure 3021 are located on a same surface of the dielectric substrate 3023. As shown in FIG 6 or FIG 7, the radiation patch 3022 and the feeding structure 3021 are located on the same surface of the dielectric substrate 3023. As shown in FIG 12, the radiation patch and the feeding structure are located on the two surfaces of the dielectric substrate. In FIG 12, the radiation patch 3022 is located on the lower surface of the dielectric substrate 3023, and the radiation patch is a semi-annular structure.
In actual application, the radio transceiver apparatus 30 may alternatively not include the shielding cover, as shown in FIG 13. The carrier dielectric substrate is directly fastened on the metal carrier, or the dielectric substrate is disposed in the metal carrier. In components inside the metal carrier, if there is a component for which a shielding structure needs to be disposed, a small shielding can may be fastened to an exterior of the component, to prevent mutual interference between the component and the external environment. As shown in FIG 13, a groove 3011 is disposed at the edge of the metal carrier, and the antenna element 302 is disposed in the groove 3011. The dielectric substrate 3023 of the antenna element 302 and the carrier dielectric substrate 303 on the metal carrier are an integrated structure. Because no shielding cover is disposed in the radio transceiver apparatus 30, an overall thickness of the radio transceiver apparatus can be reduced, and correspondingly, a size of the radio transceiver apparatus is reduced.
It should be noted that, in this embodiment of the present invention, the antenna element 302 may be directly disposed on the metal carrier 301, or may be disposed on the carrier dielectric substrate 303 or the shielding cover 304 on the metal carrier 301, but the antenna element 302 is located in an edge area of the metal carrier 301 in either case. The mounting surface of the antenna element 302 includes a metal surface, so that the capacitance is generated between the mounting surface and the radiation patch. Therefore, in this embodiment of the present invention, the mounting surface of the antenna element 302 may be an upper surface of the metal carrier 301, an upper surface (there is a metal area on the upper surface) of the carrier dielectric substrate 303, or an upper surface of the shielding cover 304. The radiation patch or the parasitic structure is grounded by using the metal carrier. This means that the radiation patch may be directly connected to the metal carrier by using the second ground pin, or may be indirectly connected to the metal carrier by using the ground cable or the ground pin disposed on the carrier dielectric substrate 303 or the shielding cover 304. The shielding cover or the carrier dielectric substrate is connected to a metal ground cable of the metal carrier. Optionally, a heat sink fin may be further disposed at a bottom of the metal carrier, and the heat sink fin is configured to dissipate heat for the metal carrier.
It should be noted that, if the omnidirectional antenna element in the radio transceiver apparatus provided in this embodiment of the present invention is used, a voltage standing wave ratio (English: Voltage Standing Wave Ratio, VSWR for short) of the omnidirectional antenna element may be less than 2.5, and the standing wave ratio bandwidth may be greater than 45%.
Further, as shown in FIG 7, a top of the feeding structure 3021 may be connected to the feed of the metal carrier 301 by using the feed pin 3027. The feed pin 3027 is perpendicular to the mounting surface Q of the antenna element 302. The feeding structure 3021 is parallel to the mounting surface Q of the antenna element 302. As shown in FIG 7, the feeding structure 3021 and the radiation patch 3022 are printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 3023, and a signal (may also be considered as energy) of the feed is fed by the feeding structure 3021, and is coupled to the radiation patch 3022 by using the slot. In addition, the second ground pins 3026 are disposed on the two sides of the radiation patch 3022, the second ground pin 3026 connects the radiation patch 3022 to the metal carrier 301, and an overall structure of the antenna element is relatively independent of the metal carrier. After size adjustment is performed for the parts, the antenna element can obtain a standing wave ratio bandwidth greater than 45% (VSWR < 2.5). Moreover, within this bandwidth range, the radiation pattern of the antenna element may obtain relatively good roundness performance. For the radio transceiver apparatus 30 shown in FIG 7, a left view and a top view of the radio transceiver apparatus 30 are respectively FIG 14 and FIG 15. FIG 14 and FIG 15 show structure parameters of the antenna element in the radio transceiver apparatus 30. As shown in FIG 14, a distance between the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 3023 and the mounting surface of the antenna element is h, a projected distance between the second ground pin 3026 and the center of the radiation patch 3022 is ps, a width of each second ground pin 3026 is ws, and a distance from the second ground pin 3026 to the feed pin 3027 is pf. As shown in FIG 15, a top view of the dielectric substrate 3023 is a square from which an isosceles right triangle of a corner is cut. A length of a side of the square is c0, and a length of a leg of the isosceles right triangle is c0-c1. For the semi-annular (may also be considered as a quarter of a ring) radiation patch 3022, an inner diameter is r1, an outer diameter is r2, and a central angle is 90°. A distance from the center of the semi-annular (may also be considered as a quarter of a ring) radiation patch 3022 to either side of the dielectric substrate 3023 is r0. The feeding structure 3021 is an E-shaped structure, and a first vertical bar structure of the feeding structure 3021 is a semi-annular structure. For the semi-annular structure, an inner diameter is r3, an outer diameter is r4, and a central angle is a. For a first horizontal bar structure located at an outer edge of the E-shaped structure, a length is la, and a width is wa. For a first horizontal bar structure located in the middle of the E-shaped structure, a length is lf, and a width is wf.

Sizes of the structure parameters of the antenna element in the radio transceiver apparatus 30 shown in FIG 7 are shown in Table 2. In Table 2, λl is a wavelength corresponding to a lowest operating frequency of the antenna element in the radio transceiver apparatus 30, and r1 is (0.073λl, 0.109λl) and indicates that r1 falls within a range from 0.073λl to 0.109λl.

Table 2

Structure parameter	Size	Structure parameter	Size
h	0.057λl	pf	0.0285λl
c0	0.217λl	wa	0.0132λl
c1	0.162λl	ws	0.0227λl
r0	0.0171λl	wf	0.0160λl
r1	0.073-0.109λl	la	0.0456λl
r2	0.127-0.191λl	ps	0.0413λl
r3	0.141-0.211λl	lf	0.0233λl
r4	0.15-0.226λl	a	15.3deg

When the sizes of the structure parameters of the antenna element in the radio transceiver apparatus 30 shown in FIG 7 are shown in Table 2, a simulation diagram of the radiation pattern of the antenna element may be shown in FIG 16. Antenna pattern roundnesses corresponding to different frequency channel numbers in FIG 16 are shown in Table 3. It can be learned from the foregoing simulation diagram and Table 3 that a poorest roundness of the antenna element in the radio transceiver apparatus 30 shown in FIG 7 within a bandwidth range from 1.7 GHz to 2.7 GHz is 5.5 dB. The radiation pattern has relatively small fluctuation, so that a relatively large coverage area can be obtained, and a communication capability can be improved. Table 3

Frequency (GHz) Cross section roundness (dB) when Theta = 80°

1.7 3.5

1.9 3.1

2.1 3.0

2.3 3.2

2.5 2.6

2.7 5.5
It should be noted that, in this embodiment of the present invention, the structures of the radio transceiver apparatus 30 are all merely example descriptions. In actual application, the components in the radio transceiver apparatus 30 in figures such as FIG 6 to FIG 13 may be combined or replaced, and any modification, equivalent replacement, improvement, or the like as long as they fall within the scope of the amended claims. Therefore, no further details are provided in the present invention.
It should be noted that the sizes of the components radio transceiver apparatus provided in this embodiment of the present invention are merely example descriptions, mainly to ensure that the antenna element obtains the standing wave ratio bandwidth greater than 45% (VSWR < 2.5). In actual application, sizes in the radio transceiver apparatus may be adjusted based on a specific application scenario. This is not limited in this embodiment of the present invention. The radio transceiver apparatus provided in this embodiment of the present invention has a simple structure and is easy to assemble. The radiation patch, the feeding structure, and the like may be integrally formed on the dielectric substrate, and then installed on the metal carrier or the shielding cover. The shielding cover may be fastened on the metal carrier after the carrier dielectric substrate is installed. Because the radiation patch, the feeding structure, and the like can be integrally formed on the dielectric substrate instead of being presented as separately formed three-dimensional structures, the radio transceiver apparatus has a simple structure and is easy to assemble.
It should be noted that the ground pin such as the first ground pin or the second ground pin provided in this embodiment of the present invention can not only provide a support function, but also provide an electric conduction function (may also be considered as a grounding function). In actual application, a ground cable may alternatively be used to replace the ground pin. The ground cable can usually provide only the electric conduction function (may also be considered as the grounding function). A quantity of ground pins and a disposing location of the ground pin may be appropriately adjusted based on an actual configuration of the antenna element, such as stability or occupied space. The quantity of ground pins is usually one or two. For example, as shown in FIG 8, the second ground pin 3026 is disposed on one side of the radiation patch 3022, and the feeding structure 3021 is disposed on the other side of the radiation patch. For another example, as shown in FIG 9 or FIG 10, there are two second ground pins 3026, and the two second ground pins 3026 are symmetrically disposed on the two sides of the radiation patch 3022 and are both connected to the metal ground cable of the dielectric substrate 3023. The feeding structure 3021 is an axisymmetrical structure, and an axis of symmetry of the feeding structure 3021 is coaxial with an axis of symmetry of the two second ground pins 3026. In this way, the roundness of the radiation pattern can be controlled relatively easily. For still another example and which is not covered by the claimed invention, FIG 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a radio transceiver apparatus in which one second ground pin 3026 is disposed. As shown in FIG 8 and FIG 9, an extension segment r connected to the second ground pin 3026 may be disposed on the radiation patch. As shown in FIG 18 and FIG 19, wherein Fig. 19 is not covered by the claimed invention, the radiation patch may alternatively be directly connected to the second ground pin 3026.
As shown in FIG 18 or FIG 19, the feeding structure 3021 is parallel to the mounting surface Q of the antenna element 302. The feeding structure 3021 and the radiation patch 3022 are printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 3023, and the signal of the feed is fed by the feeding structure 3021, and is coupled to the radiation patch 3022 by using the slot. In addition, the second ground pins 3026 are disposed on the two sides of the radiation patch 3022, the second ground pin 3026 connects the radiation patch 3022 to the metal carrier 301, and the overall structure of the antenna element is relatively independent of the metal carrier. After size adjustment is performed for the parts, the antenna element can obtain the standing wave ratio bandwidth greater than 45% (VSWR < 2.5). Moreover, within this bandwidth range, the radiation pattern of the antenna element may obtain relatively good roundness performance.
It should be noted that, in the radio transceiver apparatus provided in figures such as FIG 6 to FIG 13 in this embodiment of the present invention, the antenna element may include or may not include the dielectric substrate. The dielectric substrate is configured to carry the radiation patch and the feeding structure. When the antenna element includes the dielectric substrate, the radiation patch may enable generation of the electromagnetic oscillation between the radiation patch and the bottom surface of the groove by using the dielectric substrate. When the antenna element does not include the dielectric substrate, the radiation patch may enable generation of the electromagnetic oscillation between the radiation patch and the bottom surface of the groove in another manner. For example, as shown in FIG 6 or FIG 20, FIG 20 may be considered as a schematic structural diagram of the antenna element in FIG 7 without the dielectric substrate. It can be seen from FIG 20 that the radiation patch 3022 may be supported by the second ground pin 3026, and the feeding structure 3021 is supported by the feed pin 3027, to ensure that the electromagnetic oscillation is generated between the radiation patch 3022 and the mounting surface of the antenna element. Optionally, the radiation patch and/or the feeding structure may be supported by using a plastic structure, so that the electromagnetic oscillation is generated between the radiation patch 3022 and the mounting surface of the antenna element. For a structure of the radio transceiver apparatus in another embodiment, refer to FIG 20 for an adaptive modification. This is not limited in this embodiment of the present invention. Similarly, when the antenna element includes the dielectric substrate, the parasitic structure may enable generation of the electromagnetic oscillation between the parasitic structure and the bottom surface of the groove by using the dielectric substrate. When the antenna element does not include the dielectric substrate, the parasitic structure may enable generation of the electromagnetic oscillation between the parasitic structure and the bottom surface of the groove in another manner. For example, a ground pin that supports the parasitic structure is disposed, or a plastic structure is used to support the parasitic structure. No further details are provided in this embodiment of the present invention.
As shown in FIG 20, the feeding structure 3021 is parallel to the mounting surface Q of the antenna element 302. The feeding structure 3021 and the radiation patch 3022 are printed on the upper surface of the dielectric substrate 3023, and the signal of the feed is fed by the feeding structure 3021, and is coupled to the radiation patch 3022 by using the slot. In addition, the second ground pins 3026 are disposed on the two sides of the radiation patch 3022, the second ground pin 3026 connects the radiation patch 3022 to the metal carrier 301, and the overall structure of the antenna element is relatively independent of the metal carrier.
After size adjustment is performed for the parts, the antenna element can obtain the standing wave ratio bandwidth greater than 45% (VSWR < 2.5). Moreover, within this bandwidth range, the radiation pattern of the antenna element may obtain relatively good roundness performance.
In the radio transceiver apparatus provided in this embodiment of the present invention, both the feeding structure and the radiation patch in each of the at least one antenna element disposed at the edge of the metal carrier are non-centrosymmetric structures, the metal carrier is used as a reference ground of the antenna element, and the metal carrier is also non-centrosymmetric relative to each antenna element. In this case, for each antenna element, the distribution of the ground currents generated by the non-centrosymmetric radiation patch and the non-centrosymmetric reference ground may form relative centrosymmetry. Compared with an omnidirectional antenna element in a conventional radio transceiver apparatus, the antenna element in the radio transceiver apparatus provided in this embodiment of the present invention has a better antenna pattern roundness within a broadband range. Therefore, an antenna pattern roundness is effectively improved. In addition, because of the improvement of the antenna pattern roundness, uniformity of signal coverage can further be improved, and a coverage dead zone is prevented from appearing around the antenna element. In addition, in the radio transceiver apparatus provided in this embodiment of the present invention, the antenna element is disposed at the edge of the radio transceiver apparatus, so that a distance between antenna elements is long enough, and good balance is achieved between signal coverage of the antenna element and a correlation between the antenna elements. Because the radiation patch and the feeding structure of the antenna element may be printed on the dielectric substrate, the size of the antenna element is far less than that of the conventional antenna element using a same bandwidth as the antenna element. This is beneficial to miniaturization of an integrated antenna element module.
In this embodiment of the present invention, at least one omnidirectional antenna element may be installed in the radio transceiver apparatus, and each antenna element may be the antenna element 302 shown in any of FIG 6 to FIG 13 and FIG 17 to FIG 20. Each antenna element is installed in the non-central location of the metal carrier, for example, the edge of the metal carrier. However, to implement multi-band coverage and multi-channel signal transmission, at least two omnidirectional antenna elements usually need to be installed in the radio transceiver apparatus. In the at least two omnidirectional antenna elements, one antenna element may be the antenna element shown in FIG 1, and is installed in the central location of the metal carrier; another antenna element may be the antenna element 302 shown in any of FIG 6 to FIG 13 and FIG 17 to FIG 20, and is installed in the non-central location of the metal carrier, which is usually the edge of the metal carrier. Alternatively, each of the at least two omnidirectional antenna elements may be the antenna element 302 shown in any of FIG 6 to FIG 13 and FIG 17 to FIG 20, and is installed in the non-central location of the metal carrier. Therefore, at least one antenna element is installed at the edge of the metal carrier.
An embodiment of the present invention provides an antenna element. The antenna element may be the antenna element 302 shown in any of FIG 6 to FIG. 13 and FIG 17 to FIG 20. The antenna element may be installed on a metal carrier, or may be installed on another structure having a metal surface, for example, on a vehicle. In this embodiment of the present invention, an example in which the antenna element is installed on the metal carrier is used for description. The antenna element includes:

a feeding structure and a radiation patch, where
both the feeding structure and the radiation patch are non-centrosymmetric structures; and
power is fed to the radiation patch by using the feeding structure, and the radiation patch is grounded.

In this embodiment of the present invention, both the radiation patch and the feeding structure of the antenna element are non-centrosymmetric structures, so that when the antenna element is not disposed in a central location of the metal carrier, a high-roundness feature of the antenna element can still be ensured, and general applicability of the antenna element is improved.
Optionally, there is a slot between the feeding structure and the radiation patch, and coupled feeding is implemented between the feeding structure and the radiation patch by using the slot.
In the antenna element provided in this embodiment of the present invention, coupled feeding is implemented between the feeding structure and the radiation patch by using the slot. This can effectively extend a bandwidth of the antenna element.
Optionally, the feeding structure may have a plurality of forms:
In a first possible implementation, the feeding structure is an E-shaped structure, the E-shaped structure is formed by a first vertical bar structure and three first horizontal bar structures with one ends disposed on the first vertical bar structure at intervals, an opening of the E-shaped structure faces away from the radiation patch, a length of a first horizontal bar structure located in the middle of the E-shaped structure is greater than lengths of the other two first horizontal bar structures, the other end of the first horizontal bar structure located in the middle of the E-shaped structure is connected to a feed of the metal carrier, and the slot is formed between the first vertical bar structure and the radiation patch.
In a second possible implementation, the feeding structure is a T-shaped structure, the T-shaped structure is formed by a second vertical bar structure and one second horizontal bar structure with one end extending outwards from a middle part of the second vertical bar structure, the other end of the second horizontal bar structure is connected to a feed of the metal carrier, and the slot is formed between the second vertical bar structure and the radiation patch.
In a third possible implementation, the feeding structure is an integrated structure formed by an arc-shaped structure and a bar structure, one end of the bar structure is connected to a feed of the metal carrier, and the other end of the bar structure is connected to the arc-shaped structure; an arc-shaped opening is disposed on one side that is near the feeding structure and that is of the radiation patch, the arc-shaped structure is located in the arc-shaped opening, and the slot is formed between the arc-shaped structure and the arc-shaped opening.
In a fourth possible implementation, the feeding structure is an arc-shaped bar structure, an external side of the feeding structure is connected to a feed of the metal carrier, and the slot is formed between the radiation patch and an internal side of the feeding structure.
Optionally, the feeding structure is parallel to a mounting surface of the antenna element, the feeding structure is connected to the feed of the metal carrier by using a feed pin, and the feed pin is perpendicular to the mounting surface of the antenna element.
The feed pin can not only support the feeding structure, but also implement effective feeding of the feeding structure.
Further, the antenna element further includes a dielectric substrate, and both the radiation patch and the feeding structure are disposed on the dielectric substrate.
The dielectric substrate can effectively carry the radiation patch and the feeding structure, and ensure that a slot is generated between the radiation patch and the mounting surface of the antenna element, thereby implementing electromagnetic oscillation between the radiation patch and the mounting surface of the antenna element.
Optionally, the antenna element further includes a parasitic structure.
The parasitic structure is located on a surface parallel to the mounting surface of the antenna element, and the parasitic structure is grounded. The bandwidth of the antenna element can be further extended through addition of the parasitic structure.
Optionally, there is a slot between the parasitic structure and the radiation patch, and coupled feeding is implemented between the parasitic structure and the radiation patch by using the slot. Coupled feeding is implemented between the parasitic structure and the radiation patch by using the slot, so that extension of the bandwidth of the antenna element can be effectively ensured under a premise that the antenna element has a relatively small size.
On a basis that the antenna element includes the parasitic structure, optionally, the antenna element further includes:
a first ground pin, where one end of the first ground pin is connected to the parasitic structure, and the other end of the first ground pin is connected to the metal carrier; the first ground pin is perpendicular to the mounting surface of the antenna element, and the parasitic structure is grounded by using the metal carrier.
Optionally, the antenna element, wherein said embodiment is not covered by the claimed invention, further includes:
a second ground pin, where one end of the second ground pin is connected to the radiation patch, and the other end of the second ground pin is connected to the metal carrier; the second ground pin is perpendicular to the mounting surface of the antenna element, and the radiation patch is grounded by using the metal carrier.
In a possible implementation, the second ground pin is disposed on one side of the radiation patch, and the feeding structure is disposed on the other side of the radiation patch.
In another possible implementation, there are two second ground pins, and the two second ground pins are symmetrically disposed on two sides of the radiation patch.
In actual application, the feeding structure is an axisymmetrical structure, and an axis of symmetry of the feeding structure is coaxial with an axis of symmetry of the two second ground pins.
Optionally, the parasitic structure is a non-centrosymmetric structure. The radiation patch, the feeding structure, and the parasitic structure are all non-centrosymmetric structures, so that when the antenna element is not disposed in the central location of the metal carrier, the high-roundness feature of the antenna element can still be ensured, and general applicability of the antenna element is improved.
For example, the parasitic structure is a fan-shaped structure, the radiation patch is a semi-annular structure, and a center of the radiation patch and a center of the parasitic structure are located on a same side of the radiation patch.
It may be clearly understood by a person skilled in the art that, for the purpose of convenient and brief description, for a specific structure of the antenna element described above, reference may be made to the corresponding structure of the antenna element 302 in the foregoing radio transceiver apparatus, and details are not repeated herein.
An embodiment of the present invention provides a base station. The base station may include at least one radio transceiver module provided in the embodiments of the present invention. When the base station includes at least two radio transceiver modules, each radio transceiver module may be any radio transceiver apparatus in the foregoing embodiments provided in the present invention. The base station is usually an indoor base station. The base station using the radio transceiver apparatus 30 in the embodiments of the present invention has features of wide operating band and good omnidirectional performance. The base station may be installed in a stadium or a shopping venue, and is configured to implement omnidirectional coverage of a radio signal in an indoor area.
A person of ordinary skill in the art may understand that all or some of the steps of the embodiments may be implemented by hardware or a program instructing related hardware. The program may be stored in a computer-readable storage medium. The storage medium may be a read-only memory, a magnetic disk, an optical disc, or the like.
The foregoing descriptions are merely example embodiments of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the present invention.

Claims

An antenna element (302), comprising:
a feeding structure (3021) and a radiation patch (3022), wherein

both the feeding structure (3021) and the radiation patch (3022) are non-centrosymmetric structures; and

power is fed to the radiation patch by using the feeding structure (3021), and the radiation patch (3022) is grounded;

wherein there is a slot between the feeding structure (3021) and the radiation patch (3022), and coupled feeding is implemented between the feeding structure (3021) and the radiation patch (3022) by using the slot; and

characterized in that

the feeding structure (3021) is an E-shaped structure, the E-shaped structure is formed by a first vertical bar structure and three first horizontal bar structures with one end of each of the three first horizontal bar structures disposed on the first vertical bar structure at intervals, an opening of the E-shaped structure faces away from the radiation patch (3022), a length of a first horizontal bar structure located in the middle of the E-shaped structure is greater than the lengths of the other two first horizontal bar structures, the other end of the first horizontal bar structure located in the middle of the E-shaped structure is configured to be connected to a feed of a metal carrier (301), and the slot is formed between the first vertical bar structure and the radiation patch (3022).
The antenna element (302) according to claim 1, wherein the feeding structure (3021) is parallel to a mounting surface of the antenna element (302), the feeding structure (3021) is configured to be connected to the feed of the metal carrier (301) by using a feed pin, and the feed pin is perpendicular to the mounting surface of the antenna element (302).
An antenna element (302), comprising:
a feeding structure (3021) and a radiation patch (3022), wherein

both the feeding structure (3021) and the radiation patch (3022) are non-centrosymmetric structures; and

power is fed to the radiation patch by using the feeding structure (3021), and the radiation patch (3022) is grounded;

wherein there is a slot between the feeding structure (3021) and the radiation patch (3022), and coupled feeding is implemented between the feeding structure (3021) and the radiation patch (3022) by using the slot; and

characterized in that

the feeding structure (3021) is an integrated structure formed by an arc-shaped structure and a bar structure, one end of the bar structure is configured to be connected to a feed of a metal carrier (301), and the other end of the bar structure is connected to the arc-shaped structure; an arc-shaped opening is disposed on one side that is near the feeding structure (3021) and that is of the radiation patch (3022), the arc-shaped structure is located in the arc-shaped opening, and the slot is formed between the arc-shaped structure and the arc-shaped opening.
The antenna element (302) according to claim 3, wherein the feeding structure (3021) is parallel to a mounting surface of the antenna element (302), the feeding structure (3021) is configured to be connected to the feed of the metal carrier (301) by using a feed pin, and the feed pin is perpendicular to the mounting surface of the antenna element (302).
An antenna element (302), comprising:
a feeding structure (3021) and a radiation patch (3022), wherein

both the feeding structure (3021) and the radiation patch (3022) are non-centrosymmetric structures; and

power is fed to the radiation patch by using the feeding structure (3021), and the radiation patch (3022) is grounded;

wherein there is a slot between the feeding structure (3021) and the radiation patch (3022), and coupled feeding is implemented between the feeding structure (3021) and the radiation patch (3022) by using the slot; and

characterized in that

the feeding structure (3021) is an arc-shaped bar structure, an external side of the feeding structure (3021) is configured to be connected to a feed of a metal carrier (301), and the slot is formed between the radiation patch (3022) and an internal side of the feeding structure (3021).
The antenna element (302) according to claim 5, wherein the feeding structure (3021) is parallel to a mounting surface of the antenna element (302), the feeding structure (3021) is configured to be connected to the feed of the metal carrier (301) by using a feed pin, and the feed pin is perpendicular to the mounting surface of the antenna element (302).
A radio transceiver apparatus (30), comprising:
a metal carrier (301) and at least one antenna element (302) according to one of claims 1 to 2 that is disposed at an edge of the metal carrier (301).
A radio transceiver apparatus (30), comprising:
a metal carrier (301) and at least one antenna element (302) according to one of claims 3 to 4 that is disposed at an edge of the metal carrier (301).
A radio transceiver apparatus (30), comprising:
a metal carrier (301) and at least one antenna element (302) according to one of claims 5 to 6 that is disposed at an edge of the metal carrier (301).
A base station, comprising the radio transceiver apparatus according to any one of claim 7 to claim 9.