CN113644423B - Guiding antenna and design method thereof - Google Patents
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- CN113644423B CN113644423B CN202110736246.5A CN202110736246A CN113644423B CN 113644423 B CN113644423 B CN 113644423B CN 202110736246 A CN202110736246 A CN 202110736246A CN 113644423 B CN113644423 B CN 113644423B
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/36—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith
- H01Q1/38—Structural form of radiating elements, e.g. cone, spiral, umbrella; Particular materials used therewith formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/007—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas specially adapted for indoor communication
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/50—Structural association of antennas with earthing switches, lead-in devices or lightning protectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a directional antenna and a design method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of antennas and microwaves. The antenna is composed of a main oscillator, directors and a reflecting plate, wherein the main oscillator and the directors are both in a fan-shaped structure, the arc length of the main oscillator and the directors is about one wavelength corresponding to the central frequency, and the main oscillator and the directors (the number of the directors can be multiple) can be positioned on the same plane of a dielectric substrate or on different planes of the dielectric substrate. The director and the master oscillator may be tuned to their modes of operation using a mode perturbing means. The invention has the characteristics of high gain, wide bandwidth and simple structure, and has wide application prospect in future mobile communication and wireless communication.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a design method of a guide antenna, belonging to the technical field of mobile communication and microwave.
Background
With the rapid development of wireless communication technology, the continuous perfection of mobile communication networks and the continuous construction of outdoor base stations, outdoor communication can better meet the requirements of people, but indoor communication quality and indoor signal coverage are unsatisfactory. A large number of mobile communication blind areas also exist in closed areas such as underground parking garages, tunnels, mines, elevators and the like.
In order to solve the problem that mobile communication has no signal basically or has poor coverage effect in a closed environment, a directional antenna with excellent performance is the first choice of a communication antenna in the closed environment. Yagi antenna or log periodic element antenna with high directionality and high gain performance is widely applied to communication coverage in closed environment, however, the traditional yagi antenna is mainly of single-mode resonance type, has narrow bandwidth, and needs more units to realize high gain characteristic, and the log periodic element antenna needs more units to realize broadband and medium gain characteristic at the same time.
Therefore, with the development of new mobile communication systems, the development of new yagi antennas with wide band, high gain, simple structure and small size is urgently needed.
Disclosure of Invention
The technical problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a directive antenna aiming at the problems existing in the background technology, the directive antenna has a simple fan-shaped structure, has a dual-mode resonance characteristic in a working frequency band, has a relative bandwidth of 40%, can realize a radiation gain of more than 10dBi only by at least 3 units (1 reflector + one main oscillator +1 directive device), and has a series of advantages of simple structure, excellent performance, convenience in manufacturing and implementation and the like.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme for solving the technical problems:
a design method of a leading antenna adopts a two-dimensional resonant current slice working mode, and a current distribution resonant mode of the leading antenna is controlled by a Bessel-Fourier dual-stage series; the design method of the antenna specifically comprises the following steps:
two first fan-shaped patches which are the same and are symmetrical about a central axis of the dielectric substrate are arranged on the surface of the dielectric substrate to form a main oscillator of the leading antenna;
two second fan-shaped patches which are identical and symmetrical about an axial line of the dielectric substrate are arranged on the surface of the dielectric substrate to form a director of the director antenna, and the director and the main oscillator are coupled through an arc to realize gain improvement;
the medium substrate is arranged on the surface of the reflecting plate, and the central axis of the medium substrate is vertical to the reflecting plate.
Furthermore, branches, slots or a combination of the branches and the slots are arranged on the main oscillator and the director so as to tune the working modes of the main oscillator and the director.
Further, the two first fan-shaped patches are arranged on the same or different surfaces of the dielectric substrate, and the two second fan-shaped patches are arranged on the same or different surfaces of the dielectric substrate.
Further, the first fan-shaped patch and the second fan-shaped patch are arranged on the same or different surfaces of the dielectric substrate; when the first fan-shaped patch and the second fan-shaped patch are arranged on different surfaces of the dielectric substrate, the distance between the first fan-shaped patch and the second fan-shaped patch can be a positive value, a negative value or zero.
Further, the arc length of the second sector patch is smaller than the arc length of the first sector patch.
Further, a gap exists between the two first sector-shaped patches and a gap exists between the two second sector-shaped patches.
Further, the excitation point of the main oscillator is located on one side of the first fan-shaped patch closest to the central axis of the dielectric substrate, and the excitation point is not the top point of the first fan-shaped patch.
A directive antenna is manufactured by the method.
Compared with the prior art, the invention adopting the technical scheme has the following technical effects: the invention provides a novel design method of a leading antenna, which focuses on a two-dimensional full-wave oscillator technology adopting multimode resonance, uses a main oscillator structure and a director structure, realizes higher gain with less unit number, simultaneously realizes the working bandwidth with the relative bandwidth of more than 40 percent, fully simplifies the antenna structure, has simple manufacturing process and low cost, and meets the application requirement of the new generation of broadband mobile communication.
Drawings
Fig. 1-5 are schematic structural diagrams of a full-wavelength directive antenna composed of 1 reflection plate, 1 director and 1 main oscillator, wherein the main oscillator and the director are coplanar in fig. 1, the two sector patches of the main oscillator are coplanar and the two sector patches of the director are coplanar, the main oscillator and the director are coplanar in fig. 2, the two sector patches of the main oscillator are coplanar and the two sector patches of the director are coplanar, the distance between the main oscillator and the director in fig. 3 is positive, the two sector patches of the main oscillator are coplanar and the two sector patches of the director are coplanar, the distance between the main oscillator and the director are non-coplanar in fig. 4, the distance between the main oscillator and the director is negative, the two sector patches of the main oscillator are coplanar and the two sector patches of the director are coplanar, the distance between the main oscillator and the director is negative, the two sector patches of the main oscillator are non-in fig. 5, the two sector patches of the main oscillator are non-coplanar and the two sectors patches of the director are non-in the director;
fig. 6, 8, 10 are schematic diagrams of a full-wavelength directive antenna composed of 1 reflection plate, 2 directors, and 1 main oscillator, wherein the distance between the main oscillator and the directors in fig. 6 is positive, the main oscillator and the directors are coplanar, the two sector patches of the main oscillator are coplanar, and the two sector patches of the directors are coplanar, the distance between the main oscillator and the directors in fig. 8 is positive, the main oscillator and the directors are out of plane, the two sector patches of the main oscillator are coplanar, and the two sector patches of the directors are coplanar, the distance between the main oscillator and the directors in fig. 10 is negative, the main oscillator and the directors are out of plane, the two sector patches of the main oscillator are coplanar, and the two sector patches of the directors are coplanar;
fig. 7, 9, and 11 are schematic diagrams of a full-wavelength directive antenna composed of 1 reflection plate, 3 directors, and 1 main oscillator, wherein the distance between the main oscillator and the directors in fig. 7 is positive, the main oscillator and the directors are coplanar, the two sector patches of the main oscillator are coplanar, and the two sector patches of the directors are coplanar, the distance between the main oscillator and the directors in fig. 9 is positive, the main oscillator and the directors are out of plane, the two sector patches of the main oscillator are coplanar, and the two sector patches of the directors are coplanar, the distance between the main oscillator and the directors in fig. 11 is negative, the main oscillator and the directors are out of plane, the two sector patches of the main oscillator are coplanar, and the two sector patches of the directors are coplanar;
FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a three-unit full-wave directive antenna;
FIG. 13 is a drawing S11 of a three-element full wave directive antenna implementation;
FIG. 14 is a graph of gain curves for a three-element full-wave directive antenna implementation;
FIG. 15 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a four-element full-wave directive antenna;
FIG. 16 is a diagram of S11 for a four-element full-wave director antenna implementation;
FIG. 17 is a graph of gain curves for a four-element full-wave antenna implementation;
FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of a five-element full-wave director antenna embodiment;
FIG. 19 is a drawing S11 of a five element full wave directive antenna implementation;
FIG. 20 is a graph of gain curves for a five element full wave antenna implementation;
FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of a specific implementation size of a three-unit full-wave director antenna with a main oscillator and a director being out of plane and the main oscillator being 0.056 λ away from the director;
FIG. 22 is a diagram S11 of a three-unit full-wave antenna with a main oscillator opposite to the director and a main oscillator distance of 0.056 λ;
FIG. 23 is a gain diagram of a three-unit full-wave director antenna implementation with a main dipole out-of-plane with the director and a main dipole distance of 0.056 λ;
FIG. 24 is a schematic diagram of a three-unit full-wave directive antenna with a main element and a director being out-of-plane and a main element being at-0.008 λ distance from the director;
FIG. 25 is a diagram of S11 embodied in a three-unit full-wave director antenna with a primary element out-of-plane with the director and a primary element distance of-0.008 λ;
FIG. 26 is a gain diagram for a three-element full-wave director antenna implementation with the primary element out-of-plane with the director and the primary element spaced-0.008 λ from the director;
fig. 27 is a schematic diagram of the dimensions of a conventional yagi antenna;
fig. 28 is a diagram S11 of a conventional yagi antenna implementation;
fig. 29 is a graph of gain obtained with a conventional yagi antenna implementation;
the reference numbers in the figure, 1a, 1 b-director, 2-main oscillator, 3-reflecting plate.
Detailed Description
Reference will now be made in detail to embodiments of the present invention, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below with reference to the accompanying drawings are exemplary only for explaining the present invention and are not construed as limiting the present invention.
It will be understood by those skilled in the art that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It will be further understood that terms, such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries, should be interpreted as having a meaning that is consistent with their meaning in the context of the prior art and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless expressly so defined herein.
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained in detail by combining the drawings as follows:
the invention provides a novel design method of a guide antenna, which aims at adopting a two-dimensional full-wave oscillator technology of multimode resonance, realizes higher gain with less unit number, simultaneously realizes the working bandwidth with the relative bandwidth of more than 40 percent, fully simplifies the antenna structure and meets the application requirement of the new generation of broadband mobile communication.
The guiding antenna adopts a two-dimensional resonant current slice working mode, and the current distribution resonant mode is controlled by Bessel-Fourier dual series instead of the one-dimensional positive (cosine) distribution current characteristic of the conventional bow tie (sector oscillator). The main vibrator is designed into a fan-shaped structure, namely the main vibrator is composed of two same fan-shaped patches. According to the principle that the gain can be improved by close-distance arc coupling, the director is designed into a fan-shaped structure (the arc coupling is the coupling of the main oscillator and the director, and the arc coupling is also the reason that the distance between the main oscillator and the director can be small or even negative, but higher gain can still be obtained). The main oscillator and the director of the antenna can be manufactured on a dielectric substrate with any dielectric constant. The dielectric substrate is vertically arranged on the surface of the reflecting plate, and the reflecting plate can be in any shape.
The arc length of the director is 0.85-1.05 times of the wavelength corresponding to the central frequency, the arc length of the main oscillator is 0.9-1.1 times of the wavelength corresponding to the central frequency, and the arc length of the director is always smaller than that of the main oscillator. The central angle of the sector patch constituting the main vibrator is 30 to 175 degrees, and the central angle of the sector patch constituting the director is 65 to 150 degrees.
Mode disturbing devices (branches, slots or combination of branches and slots) can be arranged on fan-shaped patches of the director and the main oscillator so as to tune the working modes of the mode disturbing devices. The number of mode disturbing means depends on the resonant mode in which the director and the main vibrator operate.
Excitation points of two arms of the fan-shaped vibrator are positioned on one edge of the fan-shaped patch close to the central axis, the positions of the excitation points are variable between 0.12-0.2 wavelength away from the circle center, the excitation points can not be positioned on the top point of the fan shape of the main vibrator, and the TE mode is fully excited, namely, the direction of an electric field is parallel to the plane of the vibrator.
The director and the main oscillator can be arranged in the same plane or in different planes. When the director and the main vibrator are in the same plane, the distance between the director and the main vibrator ranges from 0.02 to 0.12 wavelength. When the director and the main vibrator are in different planes, the distance d between the director and the main vibrator can take a negative value, and the range is-0.05-0.12 wavelength.
The two fan-shaped patches may be located on different planes. The spacing between the two sector patches that make up the director may vary, ranging from 0.008 to 0.02 wavelengths.
The two fan-shaped patches can be positioned on different planes. The spacing between the two sector patches that make up the main oscillator can be varied and can range from 0.008 to 0.02 wavelengths.
The number of directors can be increased, and the gain and the bandwidth are obviously improved. The plurality of directors can be positioned in the same plane or different planes, and the distances between the directors can be adjusted. The distance between them may be positive or negative. When taking the positive value, the range is 0.1-0.2 wavelength; when taking negative values, the range is-0.05-0.15 wavelengths. The plurality of directors and the main vibrator can be positioned on different planes, and the distance range between the directors and the main vibrator is-0.05-0.15 wavelength.
Fig. 1 to 11 are schematic views of eleven embodiments of the present invention, wherein the distance from an excitation point on the main vibrator (2) to the center of the main vibrator (2) is c; the director (1) is composed of two same fan-shaped patches, the tangential position of the edge of the director is d away from the tangential position of the edge of the main oscillator (2) and is used for improving the directivity of the antenna; the distance between the two fan-shaped patches forming the main vibrator (2) is h, and the distance between the two fan-shaped patches forming the director (1) is g.
Fig. 1-5 are schematic structural views of a full-wavelength directive antenna composed of 1 reflection plate, 1 director and 1 main oscillator, in fig. 1, the main oscillator and the director are coplanar, two sector patches of the main oscillator are coplanar and two sector patches of the director are coplanar, in fig. 2, the main oscillator and the director are coplanar, two sector patches of the main oscillator are coplanar and two sector patches of the director are coplanar, in fig. 3, the distance between the main oscillator and the director is positive, the distance between the main oscillator and the director is different from the two sector patches of the main oscillator is different from the same plane, and the distance between the main oscillator and the director is negative, the distance between the main oscillator and the director is same as the same plane, and the distance between the main oscillator and the director is negative, the distance between the main oscillator and the director is different from the same plane, and the distance between the two sector patches of the main oscillator is different from the same plane, and the two sector patches of the director is different from the same plane.
Fig. 6, 8, and 10 are schematic diagrams of a full-wavelength directive antenna composed of 1 reflection plate, 2 directors, and 1 main oscillator, where in fig. 6, the distance between the main oscillator and the directors is positive, the main oscillator and the directors are coplanar, the two sector patches of the main oscillator are coplanar, and the two sector patches of the directors are coplanar, in fig. 8, the distance between the main oscillator and the directors is positive, the main oscillator and the directors are out of plane, the two sector patches of the main oscillator are coplanar, and the two sector patches of the directors are coplanar, in fig. 10, the distance between the main oscillator and the directors is negative, the main oscillator and the directors are out of plane, the two sector patches of the main oscillator are coplanar, and the two sector patches of the directors are coplanar.
Fig. 7, 9, and 11 are schematic diagrams of a full-wavelength directive antenna composed of 1 reflection plate, 3 directors, and 1 main oscillator, where the distance between the main oscillator and the directors in fig. 1 is positive, the main oscillator and the directors are coplanar, the two sector patches of the main oscillator are coplanar, and the two sector patches of the directors are coplanar, the distance between the main oscillator and the directors in fig. 9 is positive, the main oscillator and the directors are out of plane, the two sector patches of the main oscillator are coplanar, and the two sector patches of the directors are coplanar, and the distance between the main oscillator and the directors in fig. 11 is negative, the main oscillator and the directors are out of plane, the two sector patches of the main oscillator are coplanar, and the two sector patches of the directors are coplanar.
The structure of an embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 1, and the three-unit full-wave leading antenna is composed of a director, a main oscillator and a reflecting plate, wherein the main oscillator is a full-wave oscillator, and the central angle of a sector patch forming the main oscillator is 135 degrees; the distance from an excitation point on the main vibrator to the center of the circle of the main vibrator is 0.182 wavelength; the distance between the director and the main oscillator is 0.024 wavelength, the central angle of the fan-shaped patch forming the director is 90 degrees, and the specific implementation dimension is shown in fig. 12. Simulation calculations using the HFSS software resulted in S11 and gain maps for the full wavelength steered antenna, as shown in fig. 13 and 14.
The structure of an embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 6, the four-unit full-wave directive antenna is composed of two directors, a main oscillator and a reflecting plate, wherein the main oscillator is a full-wave oscillator, and the central angle of a sector patch forming the main oscillator is 135 degrees; the distance from an excitation point on the main vibrator to the center of the circle of the main vibrator is 0.182 wavelength; the first director is at a distance of 0.024 wavelengths from the main oscillator, the second director is at a distance of 0.1 wavelengths from the first director, the central angles of the sector patches constituting the two directors are both 90 degrees, and the specific implementation dimensions are as shown in fig. 15. Simulation calculations using the HFSS software resulted in S11 and gain maps for the full wavelength steering antenna, as shown in fig. 16 and 17.
The structure of an embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 7, the five-unit full-wave directive antenna is composed of three directors, a main oscillator and a reflecting plate, wherein the main oscillator is a full-wave oscillator, and the central angle of a sector patch forming the main oscillator is 135 degrees; the distance from an excitation point on the main vibrator to the center of the circle of the main vibrator is 0.182 wavelength; the distance between the first director and the main oscillator is 0.024 wavelengths, the distance between the second director and the first director is 0.1 wavelength, and the distance between the third director and the second director is 0.15 wavelength; the central angles of the fan-shaped patches constituting the three directors are all 90 degrees, and the specific implementation dimensions are shown in fig. 18. Simulation calculations using the HFSS software resulted in S11 and gain maps for the full wavelength steering antenna, as shown in fig. 19 and 20.
The structure of an embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 2, the three-unit full-wave leading antenna is composed of a leading device, a main oscillator and a reflecting plate, wherein the main oscillator and the leading device are in different surfaces, the main oscillator is a full-wave oscillator, and the central angle of a sector patch forming the main oscillator is 135 degrees; the distance from an excitation point on the main vibrator to the center of the circle of the main vibrator is 0.182 wavelength; the distance between the director and the main oscillator is 0.056 wavelength, the central angle of the fan-shaped patch forming the director is 90 degrees, and the specific implementation dimension is shown in fig. 21. Simulation calculations using the HFSS software resulted in S11 and gain maps for the full wavelength steered antenna as shown in fig. 22 and 23.
The structure of an embodiment of the invention is shown in fig. 4, the three-unit full-wave guiding antenna is composed of a guider, a main oscillator and a reflecting plate, wherein the main oscillator and the guider are in different planes, the main oscillator is a full-wave oscillator, and the central angle of a sector patch forming the main oscillator is 135 degrees; the distance from an excitation point on the main vibrator to the circle center of the main vibrator is 0.182 wavelength; the distance between the director and the main oscillator is-0.008 wavelength. The fan shaped patches that make up the director have a central angle of 90 degrees and embodied dimensions as shown in figure 24. Simulation calculations using the HFSS software resulted in S11 and gain plots for the full wavelength steering antenna as shown in fig. 25 and 26.
As shown in fig. 27, the conventional yagi antenna has the following structure: a director, a main oscillator and a reflecting plate. Wherein the main vibrator is a full wave vibrator, and the distance d between the director and the main vibrator 3 The wavelength is 0.2, and the distance between the main oscillator and the reflecting plate is also 0.2. The S11 and gain maps were calculated by simulation with the HFSS software, as shown in FIGS. 28 and 29.
From the above, the gain of the directive antenna designed by the invention is about 2-3 dB higher than that of the traditional yagi antenna.
In summary, the directive antenna designed by the invention can realize the double-harmonic characteristic, and has the advantages of wide bandwidth, high gain, small volume, simple structure and convenient manufacture and realization.
The above description is only an embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art can understand that the modifications or substitutions within the technical scope of the present invention are included in the scope of the present invention, and therefore, the scope of the present invention should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.
Claims (7)
1. A design method of a guide antenna is characterized in that the guide antenna adopts a two-dimensional resonant current slice working mode, and a current distribution resonant mode of the guide antenna is controlled by a Bessel-Fourier dual-stage number; the design method of the antenna specifically comprises the following steps:
two first fan-shaped patches which are identical and symmetrical about an axial line of the dielectric substrate are arranged on the surface of the dielectric substrate to form a main oscillator of the leading antenna;
two second fan-shaped patches which are identical and symmetrical about an axial line of the dielectric substrate are arranged on the surface of the dielectric substrate to form a director of the director antenna, and the director and the main oscillator are coupled through an arc to realize gain improvement;
the medium substrate is placed on the surface of the reflecting plate, and the central axis of the medium substrate is vertical to the reflecting plate;
the excitation point of the main oscillator is located on one side, closest to the central axis of the dielectric substrate, of the first fan-shaped patch, and the excitation point is not the top point of the first fan-shaped patch.
2. The design method of claim 1, wherein a stub, a slot or a combination of stub and slot are provided on the main element and the director to tune the operation mode.
3. The design method of the directional antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein two of said first sector patches are disposed on the same or different surface of the dielectric substrate, and two of said second sector patches are disposed on the same or different surface of the dielectric substrate.
4. The design method of the directional antenna according to claim 1, wherein the first sector patch and the second sector patch are disposed on the same or different surfaces of a dielectric substrate; when the first fan-shaped patch and the second fan-shaped patch are arranged on different surfaces of the dielectric substrate, the distance between the first fan-shaped patch and the second fan-shaped patch is a positive value, a negative value or zero.
5. The method of claim 1, wherein the second sector patch has an arc length less than an arc length of the first sector patch.
6. The method of claim 1, wherein a gap exists between two of the first sector patches and a gap exists between two of the second sector patches.
7. A directional antenna, characterized by being produced by the method of any one of claims 1 to 6.
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN106299640A (en) * | 2016-08-06 | 2017-01-04 | 李少军 | Microstrip antenna |
| CN208507945U (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2019-02-15 | 一汽-大众汽车有限公司 | A kind of microstrip antenna |
| CN109478713A (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2019-03-15 | 华为技术有限公司 | Wireless transmitter, antenna element and base station |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN109478713A (en) * | 2016-07-27 | 2019-03-15 | 华为技术有限公司 | Wireless transmitter, antenna element and base station |
| CN106299640A (en) * | 2016-08-06 | 2017-01-04 | 李少军 | Microstrip antenna |
| CN208507945U (en) * | 2018-06-29 | 2019-02-15 | 一汽-大众汽车有限公司 | A kind of microstrip antenna |
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