CN113644423B - A directional antenna and its design method - Google Patents
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Abstract
本发明公开了一种引向天线及其设计方法，属于天线与微波技术领域。该天线由主振子、引向器和反射板构成，主振子、引向器均为扇形结构，其圆弧长度约为中心频率对应的一个波长，主振子与引向器(引向器的个数可以为多个)可以位于介质基板同一平面也可以位于介质基板不同平面。引向器和主振子可以用模式扰动装置来调谐其工作模式。本发明具有高增益、宽带宽、结构简单的特点，在未来移动通信和无线通信中有广泛应用前景。
The invention discloses a directional antenna and a design method thereof, belonging to the technical field of antennas and microwaves. The antenna is composed of a main vibrator, a director and a reflector. Both the main vibrator and the director have a fan-shaped structure. The length of the arc is about one wavelength corresponding to the center frequency. The number can be more than one) can be located on the same plane of the dielectric substrate or can be located on different planes of the dielectric substrate. The director and the main vibrator can use mode perturbation devices to tune their working modes. The invention has the characteristics of high gain, wide bandwidth and simple structure, and has wide application prospects in future mobile communication and wireless communication.
Description
技术领域technical field
本发明涉及一种引向天线的设计方法，属于移动通信与微波技术领域。The invention relates to a design method of a directional antenna, which belongs to the technical field of mobile communication and microwave.
背景技术Background technique
目前随着无线通信技术的快速发展，移动通信网络的不断完善以及室外基站的不断建设，室外的通信已经能够较好的满足人们的需求，但是室内的通信质量以及室内信号的覆盖情况却不尽人意。在地下停车库、隧道、矿井、电梯等封闭区域还存在着大量移动通信盲区。At present, with the rapid development of wireless communication technology, the continuous improvement of mobile communication networks and the continuous construction of outdoor base stations, outdoor communication has been able to better meet people's needs, but indoor communication quality and indoor signal coverage are not perfect. Satisfactory. There are still a large number of mobile communication blind spots in closed areas such as underground parking garages, tunnels, mines, and elevators.
为了解决移动通信在封闭环境内中基本无信号或覆盖效果差的问题，性能优良的定向天线成为封闭环境下通信天线的首选。具有高定向性、高增益性能的八木天线或对数周期振子天线在封闭环境通信覆盖中得到广泛应用，然而传统八木天线主要为单模谐振类型、带宽较窄，且需要较多单元数来实现高增益特性，对数周期振子天线则需要更多的单元数，才能同时实现宽带和中等增益特性。In order to solve the problem of basically no signal or poor coverage in mobile communication in a closed environment, directional antennas with excellent performance have become the first choice for communication antennas in closed environments. Yagi antennas or logarithmic periodic dipole antennas with high directivity and high gain performance are widely used in closed environment communication coverage. However, traditional Yagi antennas are mainly single-mode resonant types with narrow bandwidths and require a large number of units to achieve High-gain characteristics, log-periodic dipole antennas require more elements to achieve broadband and medium-gain characteristics at the same time.
因此，随着新制式移动通信系统的发展，迫切需要研制宽带、高增益、结构简单且体积小巧的新型八木天线。Therefore, with the development of the new standard mobile communication system, it is urgent to develop a new Yagi antenna with wide band, high gain, simple structure and small size.
发明内容Contents of the invention
本发明所要解决的技术问题是针对背景技术存在的问题，提出一种引向天线，该天线具有简单的扇形结构，在工作频段内具有双模谐振特性、相对带宽可达40％，且最少仅需3单元(1个反射器+一个主振子+1个引向器)，即可实现10dBi以上的辐射增益，具有结构简单，性能优良，便于制作实现等一系列优点。The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to propose a directional antenna for the problems existing in the background technology. It needs 3 units (1 reflector + 1 main vibrator + 1 director) to achieve a radiation gain of more than 10dBi. It has a series of advantages such as simple structure, excellent performance, and easy production and realization.
本发明为解决上述技术问题采用以下技术方案：The present invention adopts the following technical solutions for solving the problems of the technologies described above:
一种引向天线的设计方法，所述引向天线采用二维谐振的电流薄片工作模式，其电流分布谐振模式受控于贝塞尔-傅里叶二重级数；所述天线的设计方法具体为：A design method of a directional antenna, the directional antenna adopts a two-dimensional resonant current sheet working mode, and its current distribution resonance mode is controlled by a Bessel-Fourier double series; the design method of the antenna Specifically:
在介质基板的表面设置两个相同且关于介质基板中轴线对称的第一扇形贴片，构成所述引向天线的主振子；Setting two identical first fan-shaped patches symmetrical to the central axis of the dielectric substrate on the surface of the dielectric substrate to form the main vibrator of the directional antenna;
在介质基板的表面设置两个相同且关于介质基板中轴线对称的第二扇形贴片，构成所述引向天线的引向器，所述引向器与所述主振子之间通过弧弧耦合实现增益的提高；Two identical second fan-shaped patches symmetrical to the central axis of the dielectric substrate are arranged on the surface of the dielectric substrate to form the director of the antenna, and the director and the main vibrator are coupled by an arc achieve gain enhancement;
介质基板放置于反射板表面，且介质基板的中轴线垂直于反射板。The medium substrate is placed on the surface of the reflection plate, and the central axis of the medium substrate is perpendicular to the reflection plate.
进一步，在所述主振子和引向器上设置枝节、开槽或枝节与开槽的组合，以调谐其工作模式。Further, stubs, slots or a combination of stubs and slots are provided on the main vibrator and director to tune their working modes.
进一步，两个所述第一扇形贴片设置在介质基板的相同或不同表面，两个所述第二扇形贴片设置在介质基板的相同或不同表面。Further, the two first fan-shaped patches are arranged on the same or different surfaces of the dielectric substrate, and the two second fan-shaped patches are arranged on the same or different surfaces of the dielectric substrate.
进一步，所述第一扇形贴片与所述第二扇形贴片设置在介质基板的相同或不同表面；当所述第一扇形贴片与所述第二扇形贴片设置在介质基板的不同表面时，两者之间的距离可为正值或负值或零。Further, the first fan-shaped patch and the second fan-shaped patch are arranged on the same or different surfaces of the dielectric substrate; when the first fan-shaped patch and the second fan-shaped patch are arranged on different surfaces of the dielectric substrate , the distance between the two can be positive or negative or zero.
进一步，所述第二扇形贴片的弧长小于所述第一扇形贴片的弧长。Further, the arc length of the second sector patch is smaller than the arc length of the first sector patch.
进一步，两个所述第一扇形贴片之间存在间隙，两个所述第二扇形贴片之间存在间隙。Further, there is a gap between the two first fan-shaped patches, and there is a gap between the two second fan-shaped patches.
进一步，所述主振子的激发点位于第一扇形贴片最靠近介质基板中轴线的一条边上，且所述激发点不是第一扇形贴片的顶点。Further, the excitation point of the main oscillator is located on a side of the first fan-shaped patch closest to the central axis of the dielectric substrate, and the excitation point is not an apex of the first fan-shaped patch.
一种引向天线，由上述的方法制得。A directional antenna is manufactured by the above method.
本发明采用以上技术方案与现有技术相比，具有以下技术效果：本发明提出一种引向天线的新型设计方法，着眼采用多模谐振的二维全波振子技术，使用主振子结构与引向器结构，以较少的单元数实现较高增益，同时实现相对带宽40％以上的工作带宽，充分简化天线结构，制作工艺简单，成本低廉，满足新一代宽带移动通信的应用需求。Compared with the prior art, the present invention adopts the above technical solutions, and has the following technical effects: the present invention proposes a new design method for the directional antenna, focusing on the two-dimensional full-wave oscillator technology with multi-mode resonance, using the main oscillator structure and the lead antenna The antenna structure can achieve high gain with a small number of units, and at the same time achieve a working bandwidth of more than 40% of the relative bandwidth, fully simplify the antenna structure, simple manufacturing process, low cost, and meet the application requirements of the new generation of broadband mobile communications.
附图说明Description of drawings
图1-5是由1个反射板、1个引向器和1个主振子构成全波长引向天线的结构示意图，其中，图1中主振子和引向器同面、主振子的两个扇形贴片同面且引向器中的两个扇形贴片同面，图2中主振子和引向器异面、主振子的两个扇形贴片同面且引向器中的两个扇形贴片同面，图3中主振子和引向器之间的距离为正、主振子的两个扇形贴片异面且引向器中的两个扇形贴片异面，图4中主振子和引向器异面、主振子和引向器之间的距离为负、主振子的两个扇形贴片同面且引向器中的两个扇形贴片同面，图5中主振子和引向器之间的距离为负、主振子的两个扇形贴片异面且引向器中的两个扇形贴片异面；Figure 1-5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a full-wavelength guiding antenna composed of a reflector, a director and a main oscillator. In Figure 1, the main oscillator and the director are on the same plane, and the two main oscillators The sector patches are on the same plane and the two sector patches in the director are on the same plane. In Figure 2, the main vibrator and the director have different planes, and the two sector patches of the main vibrator are on the same plane and the two sectors in the director are The patches are on the same plane, the distance between the main vibrator and the director in Figure 3 is positive, the two fan-shaped patches of the main vibrator are on different planes and the two fan-shaped patches in the director are on different planes, the main vibrator in Figure 4 It is different from the director, the distance between the main vibrator and the director is negative, the two fan-shaped patches of the main vibrator are on the same plane and the two fan-shaped patches in the director are on the same plane. In Figure 5, the main vibrator and the director The distance between the directors is negative, the two fan-shaped patches of the main vibrator have different surfaces and the two fan-shaped patches in the director have different surfaces;
图6、图8、图10是由1个反射板、2个引向器和1个主振子构成的全波长引向天线示意图，其中，图6中主振子和引向器之间的距离为正、主振子和引向器同面、主振子的两个扇形贴片同面且引向器中的两个扇形贴片同面，图8中主振子和引向器之间的距离为正、主振子和引向器异面、主振子的两个扇形贴片同面且引向器中的两个扇形贴片同面，图10中主振子和引向器之间的距离为负、主振子和引向器异面、主振子的两个扇形贴片同面且引向器中的两个扇形贴片同面；Figure 6, Figure 8, and Figure 10 are schematic diagrams of a full-wavelength guiding antenna composed of a reflector, 2 directors, and a main oscillator, where the distance between the main oscillator and the director in Figure 6 is Positive, the main vibrator and the director are on the same plane, the two fan-shaped patches of the main vibrator are on the same plane and the two fan-shaped patches in the director are on the same plane, the distance between the main vibrator and the director in Figure 8 is positive , the main vibrator and the director are on different planes, the two fan-shaped patches of the main vibrator are on the same plane and the two fan-shaped patches in the director are on the same plane, the distance between the main vibrator and the director in Figure 10 is negative, The main vibrator and the director have different planes, the two fan-shaped patches of the main vibrator are on the same plane, and the two fan-shaped patches in the director are on the same plane;
图7、图9、图11是由1个反射板、3个引向器和1个主振子构成的全波长引向天线示意图，其中，图7中主振子和引向器之间的距离为正、主振子和引向器同面、主振子的两个扇形贴片同面且引向器中的两个扇形贴片同面，图9中主振子和引向器之间的距离为正、主振子和引向器异面、主振子的两个扇形贴片同面且引向器中的两个扇形贴片同面，图11中主振子和引向器之间的距离为负、主振子和引向器异面、主振子的两个扇形贴片同面且引向器中的两个扇形贴片同面；Figure 7, Figure 9, and Figure 11 are schematic diagrams of a full-wavelength directing antenna composed of one reflector, three directors and one main oscillator, where the distance between the main oscillator and the director in Figure 7 is Positive, the main vibrator and the director are on the same plane, the two fan-shaped patches of the main vibrator are on the same plane and the two fan-shaped patches in the director are on the same plane, the distance between the main vibrator and the director in Figure 9 is positive , the main vibrator and the director are on different planes, the two fan-shaped patches of the main vibrator are on the same plane and the two fan-shaped patches in the director are on the same plane, the distance between the main vibrator and the director in Figure 11 is negative, The main vibrator and the director have different planes, the two fan-shaped patches of the main vibrator are on the same plane, and the two fan-shaped patches in the director are on the same plane;
图12是三单元全波引向天线具体实施尺寸示意图；Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the specific implementation dimensions of the three-element full-wave directional antenna;
图13是三单元全波引向天线具体实施得到的S11图；Figure 13 is the S11 diagram obtained by the specific implementation of the three-element full-wave directional antenna;
图14是三单元全波引向天线具体实施得到的增益曲线图；Figure 14 is a gain curve diagram obtained by the specific implementation of the three-element full-wave directional antenna;
图15是四单元全波引向天线具体实施尺寸示意图；Figure 15 is a schematic diagram of the specific implementation dimensions of the four-element full-wave directional antenna;
图16是四单元全波引向天线具体实施得到的S11图；Fig. 16 is the S11 diagram obtained by implementing the four-element full-wave directional antenna;
图17是四单元全波引向天线具体实施得到的增益曲线图；Fig. 17 is a gain curve diagram obtained by implementing a four-element full-wave directional antenna;
图18是五单元全波引向天线具体实施尺寸示意图；Figure 18 is a schematic diagram of the specific implementation dimensions of the five-element full-wave directional antenna;
图19是五单元全波引向天线具体实施得到的S11图；Fig. 19 is the S11 diagram obtained by the specific implementation of the five-element full-wave directional antenna;
图20是五单元全波引向天线具体实施得到的增益曲线图；Fig. 20 is a gain curve diagram obtained by implementing a five-element full-wave directional antenna;
图21是主振子与引向器异面且主振子距离引向器为0.056λ的三单元全波引向天线具体实施尺寸示意图；Figure 21 is a schematic diagram of the specific implementation dimensions of the three-element full-wave directing antenna with the main oscillator and the director on different planes and the distance between the main oscillator and the director is 0.056λ;
图22是主振子与引向器异面且主振子距离引向器为0.056λ的三单元全波引向天线具体实施得到的S11图；Figure 22 is the S11 diagram obtained by implementing a three-element full-wave directing antenna whose main oscillator and director have different planes and the distance between the main oscillator and the director is 0.056λ;
图23是主振子与引向器异面且主振子距离引向器为0.056λ的三单元全波引向天线具体实施得到的增益图；Fig. 23 is the gain diagram obtained by the specific implementation of the three-element full-wave directing antenna with the main oscillator and the director on different planes and the distance between the main oscillator and the director is 0.056λ;
图24是主振子与引向器异面且主振子距离引向器为-0.008λ的三单元全波引向天线具体实施尺寸示意图；Figure 24 is a schematic diagram of the specific implementation dimensions of the three-element full-wave directing antenna with the main oscillator and the director on different planes and the distance between the main oscillator and the director is -0.008λ;
图25是主振子与引向器异面且主振子距离引向器为-0.008λ的三单元全波引向天线具体实施得到的S11图；Figure 25 is the S11 diagram obtained by implementing a three-element full-wave directing antenna with the main oscillator and the director on different planes and the distance between the main oscillator and the director is -0.008λ;
图26是主振子与引向器异面且主振子距离引向器为-0.008λ的三单元全波引向天线具体实施得到的增益图；Fig. 26 is the gain diagram obtained by the specific implementation of the three-element full-wave directing antenna with the main oscillator and the director on different planes and the distance between the main oscillator and the director is -0.008λ;
图27是传统八木天线的具体实施尺寸示意图；Fig. 27 is a schematic diagram of specific implementation dimensions of a traditional Yagi antenna;
图28是传统八木天线具体实施得到的S11图；Fig. 28 is the S11 diagram obtained by the specific implementation of the traditional Yagi antenna;
图29是传统八木天线具体实施得到的增益曲线图；Fig. 29 is a gain curve diagram obtained by a specific implementation of a traditional Yagi antenna;
图中的标号，1、1a、1b-引向器，2-主振子，3-反射板。The numbers in the figure, 1, 1a, 1b-director, 2-main vibrator, 3-reflector.
具体实施方式Detailed ways
下面详细描述本发明的实施方式，所述实施方式的示例在附图中示出。下面通过参考附图描述的实施方式是示例性的，仅用于解释本发明，而不能解释为对本发明的限制。Embodiments of the invention are described in detail below, examples of which are illustrated in the accompanying drawings. The embodiments described below by referring to the figures are exemplary only for explaining the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention.
本技术领域技术人员可以理解的是，除非另外定义，这里使用的所有术语(包括技术术语和科学术语)具有与本发明所属领域中的普通技术人员的一般理解相同的意义。还应该理解的是，诸如通用字典中定义的那些术语应该被理解为具有与现有技术的上下文中的意义一致的意义，并且除非像这里一样定义，不会用理想化或过于正式的含义来解释。Those skilled in the art can understand that, unless otherwise defined, all terms (including technical terms and scientific terms) used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. It should also be understood that terms such as those defined in commonly used dictionaries should be understood to have a meaning consistent with the meaning in the context of the prior art, and will not be interpreted in an idealized or overly formal sense unless defined as herein explain.
下面结合附图对本发明的技术方案做进一步的详细说明：Below in conjunction with accompanying drawing, technical scheme of the present invention is described in further detail:
本发明提出一种引向天线的新型设计方法，着眼采用多模谐振的二维全波振子技术，以较少的单元数实现较高增益，同时实现相对带宽40％以上的工作带宽，充分简化天线结构，满足新一代宽带移动通信的应用需求。The present invention proposes a new design method for directional antennas, focusing on the use of multi-mode resonance two-dimensional full-wave vibrator technology to achieve higher gain with a smaller number of units, and at the same time achieve a working bandwidth of more than 40% of the relative bandwidth, which is fully simplified The antenna structure meets the application requirements of the new generation of broadband mobile communication.
本发明的引向天线采用二维谐振的电流薄片工作模式，其电流分布谐振模式受控于贝塞尔-傅里叶二重级数，而不是常规领结(扇形振子)的一维正(余)弦分布电流特性。本发明将主振子设计成扇形结构，即主振子由两个相同扇形贴片构成。根据近距离弧弧耦合可以提高增益这一原理，本发明将引向器设计为扇形结构(这里的弧弧耦合为主振子和引向器的耦合，弧弧耦合也是主振子与引向器的间距可以取很小甚至为负值，但依旧可以得到较高的增益的原因)。天线的主振子、引向器可制作在任意介电常数的介质基板上。介质基板垂直放置于反射板表面，反射板可以为任意形状。The directional antenna of the present invention adopts a two-dimensional resonant current sheet working mode, and its current distribution resonant mode is controlled by the Bessel-Fourier double series, rather than the one-dimensional positive (coincidence) of the conventional bow tie (sector oscillator). ) String distribution current characteristics. In the present invention, the main vibrator is designed into a fan-shaped structure, that is, the main vibrator is composed of two same fan-shaped patches. According to the principle that short-distance arc-arc coupling can improve the gain, the present invention designs the director as a fan-shaped structure (the arc-arc coupling here is the coupling of the main vibrator and the director, and the arc-arc coupling is also the coupling between the main vibrator and the director. The spacing can be small or even negative, but still can get a higher gain). The main vibrator and director of the antenna can be fabricated on a dielectric substrate with any dielectric constant. The dielectric substrate is placed vertically on the surface of the reflection plate, and the reflection plate can be of any shape.
引向器的弧长为中心频率对应的0.85-1.05倍波长、主振子的弧长为中心频率对应0.9-1.1倍波长，引向器的弧长总是小于主振子的弧长。构成主振子的扇形贴片的圆心角为30到175度，构成引向器的扇形贴片的圆心角为65到150度。The arc length of the director is 0.85-1.05 times the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency, and the arc length of the main oscillator is 0.9-1.1 times the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency. The arc length of the director is always smaller than the arc length of the main oscillator. The central angle of the fan-shaped patch constituting the main vibrator is 30 to 175 degrees, and the central angle of the fan-shaped patch constituting the director is 65 to 150 degrees.
引向器和主振子的扇形贴片上可设置模式扰动装置(枝节、开槽或枝节与开槽的组合)，以调谐其工作模式。模式扰动装置的个数，取决于引向器和主振子工作的谐振模式。Mode perturbation devices (twigs, slots, or a combination of stubs and slots) can be set on the sector-shaped patches of the director and the main vibrator to tune their working modes. The number of mode perturbation devices depends on the resonance mode of the director and the main vibrator.
扇形振子两臂的激发点位于扇形贴片靠近中轴线的一条边上，其位置在距离圆心0.12-0.2个波长之间可变，激发点不可位于主振子扇形的顶点位置上，充分激发TE模式，即电场方向应平行于振子所在平面。The excitation point of the two arms of the fan-shaped oscillator is located on one side of the fan-shaped patch close to the central axis, and its position is variable between 0.12-0.2 wavelengths from the center of the circle. The excitation point cannot be located at the apex of the fan-shaped main oscillator to fully excite the TE mode , that is, the direction of the electric field should be parallel to the plane of the vibrator.
引向器与主振子可以设置于同一平面内，也可以设置在不同平面内。当引向器与主振子位于同一平面时，与主振子的距离范围为0.02-0.12个波长。当引向器与主振子位于不同平面时，与主振子的间距d可取负值，范围为-0.05-0.12个波长。The director and the main vibrator can be arranged in the same plane or in different planes. When the director and the main oscillator are located on the same plane, the distance from the main oscillator is in the range of 0.02-0.12 wavelengths. When the director and the main oscillator are located on different planes, the distance d from the main oscillator can take a negative value, ranging from -0.05 to 0.12 wavelengths.
组成引向器的扇形偶极子，两个扇形贴片可以位于不同平面上。组成引向器的两个扇形贴片的间距可以改变，其范围为0.008-0.02个波长。The sector dipoles that make up the director, the two sector patches can be located on different planes. The distance between the two fan-shaped patches constituting the director can be changed in the range of 0.008-0.02 wavelengths.
组成主振子的扇形偶极子，两个扇形贴片可以位于不同平面上。组成主振子的两个扇形贴片的间距可以改变，其范围为0.008-0.02个波长。The sector dipoles that make up the main oscillator, and the two sector patches can be located on different planes. The distance between two fan-shaped patches constituting the main vibrator can be changed, and its range is 0.008-0.02 wavelengths.
引向器的个数可以增加，对增益以及带宽都有明显提升。多个引向器可以位于同一平面内，也可以位于不同平面内，引向器与引向器的距离均可调。它们之间的距离可以为正值也可以为负值。取正值时，其范围为0.1-0.2个波长；取负值时，其范围为-0.05-0.15个波长。多个引向器均可以与主振子位于不同平面，引向器与主振子的距离范围为-0.05-0.15个波长。The number of directors can be increased, which significantly improves the gain and bandwidth. Multiple directors can be located in the same plane or in different planes, and the distance between the directors can be adjusted. The distance between them can be positive or negative. When taking a positive value, its range is 0.1-0.2 wavelengths; when taking a negative value, its range is -0.05-0.15 wavelengths. Multiple directors can be located on different planes from the main oscillator, and the distance between the director and the main oscillator is in the range of -0.05-0.15 wavelengths.
图1至11是本发明的十一个实施例示意图，主振子(2)上的激发点到主振子(2)圆心的距离为c；引向器(1)由两个相同的扇形贴片构成，其边缘切线位置在与主振子(2)边缘切线距离为d，用于提升天线的方向性；组成主振子(2)的两个扇形贴片的间距为h，组成引向器(1)的两个扇形贴片的间距为g。Figures 1 to 11 are schematic diagrams of eleven embodiments of the present invention, the distance from the excitation point on the main vibrator (2) to the center of the main vibrator (2) is c; the director (1) consists of two identical fan-shaped patches The distance between the edge tangent line and the edge tangent line of the main vibrator (2) is d, which is used to improve the directivity of the antenna; the distance between the two fan-shaped patches forming the main vibrator (2) is h, and the director (1 ) The distance between two fan-shaped patches is g.
图1-5是由1个反射板、1个引向器和1个主振子构成全波长引向天线的结构示意图，图1中主振子和引向器同面、主振子的两个扇形贴片同面且引向器中的两个扇形贴片同面，图2中主振子和引向器异面、主振子的两个扇形贴片同面且引向器中的两个扇形贴片同面，图3中主振子和引向器之间的距离为正、主振子的两个扇形贴片异面且引向器中的两个扇形贴片异面，图4中主振子和引向器异面、主振子和引向器之间的距离为负、主振子的两个扇形贴片同面且引向器中的两个扇形贴片同面，图5中主振子和引向器之间的距离为负、主振子的两个扇形贴片异面且引向器中的两个扇形贴片异面。Figure 1-5 is a schematic structural diagram of a full-wavelength directional antenna composed of a reflector, a director, and a main oscillator. In Figure 1, the main oscillator and the director are on the same plane, and the two sector-shaped stickers of the main oscillator The chips are on the same plane and the two fan-shaped patches in the director are on the same plane. In Figure 2, the main vibrator and the director are on different planes, and the two fan-shaped patches of the main vibrator are on the same plane and the two fan-shaped patches in the director are on the same plane. The same plane, the distance between the main vibrator and the director in Figure 3 is positive, the two fan-shaped patches of the main vibrator have different planes and the two fan-shaped patches in the director have different planes, the main vibrator and the director in Figure 4 Different planes of the director, the distance between the main vibrator and the director is negative, the two fan-shaped patches of the main vibrator are on the same plane and the two fan-shaped patches in the director are on the same plane. In Figure 5, the main vibrator and the director The distance between the devices is negative, the two fan-shaped patches of the main vibrator have different surfaces and the two fan-shaped patches in the director have different surfaces.
图6、图8、图10是由1个反射板、2个引向器和1个主振子构成的全波长引向天线示意图，图6中主振子和引向器之间的距离为正、主振子和引向器同面、主振子的两个扇形贴片同面且引向器中的两个扇形贴片同面，图8中主振子和引向器之间的距离为正、主振子和引向器异面、主振子的两个扇形贴片同面且引向器中的两个扇形贴片同面，图10中主振子和引向器之间的距离为负、主振子和引向器异面、主振子的两个扇形贴片同面且引向器中的两个扇形贴片同面。Figure 6, Figure 8, and Figure 10 are schematic diagrams of a full-wavelength guiding antenna composed of a reflector, 2 directors, and a main oscillator. In Figure 6, the distance between the main oscillator and the director is positive, The main vibrator and the director are on the same plane, the two fan-shaped patches of the main vibrator are on the same plane and the two fan-shaped patches in the director are on the same plane. In Figure 8, the distance between the main vibrator and the director is positive, and the main The vibrator and the director have different planes, the two fan-shaped patches of the main vibrator are on the same plane and the two fan-shaped patches in the director are on the same plane. In Figure 10, the distance between the main vibrator and the director is negative, and the main vibrator The two fan-shaped patches of the main vibrator are on the same plane as the director, and the two fan-shaped patches in the director are on the same plane.
图7、图9、图11是由1个反射板、3个引向器和1个主振子构成的全波长引向天线示意图，图1中主振子和引向器之间的距离为正、主振子和引向器同面、主振子的两个扇形贴片同面且引向器中的两个扇形贴片同面，图9中主振子和引向器之间的距离为正、主振子和引向器异面、主振子的两个扇形贴片同面且引向器中的两个扇形贴片同面，图11中主振子和引向器之间的距离为负、主振子和引向器异面、主振子的两个扇形贴片同面且引向器中的两个扇形贴片同面。Figure 7, Figure 9, and Figure 11 are schematic diagrams of a full-wavelength directing antenna composed of one reflector, three directors, and one main oscillator. In Figure 1, the distance between the main oscillator and the director is positive, The main vibrator and the director are on the same plane, the two fan-shaped patches of the main vibrator are on the same plane, and the two fan-shaped patches in the director are on the same plane. In Figure 9, the distance between the main vibrator and the director is positive, and the main The vibrator and the director have different planes, the two fan-shaped patches of the main vibrator are on the same plane and the two fan-shaped patches in the director are on the same plane. In Figure 11, the distance between the main vibrator and the director is negative, and the main vibrator The two fan-shaped patches of the main vibrator are on the same plane as the director, and the two fan-shaped patches in the director are on the same plane.
本发明一实施例的结构如图1所示，该三单元全波引向天线由一个引向器、一个主振子、一个反射板构成，其中，主振子为全波振子，构成该主振子的扇形贴片的圆心角为135度；主振子上的激发点到主振子圆心的距离为0.182个波长；引向器与主振子的距离为0.024个波长，构成该引向器的扇形贴片的圆心角为90度，具体实施尺寸如图12所示。用HFSS软件仿真计算得到全波长引向天线的S11和增益图，如图13和14所示。The structure of an embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 1. The three-element full-wave directional antenna is composed of a director, a main oscillator, and a reflector, wherein the main oscillator is a full-wave oscillator, which constitutes the main oscillator. The center angle of the fan-shaped patch is 135 degrees; the distance from the excitation point on the main vibrator to the center of the main vibrator is 0.182 wavelengths; the distance between the director and the main vibrator is 0.024 wavelengths, and the fan-shaped patch that constitutes the director The central angle is 90 degrees, and the specific implementation dimensions are shown in Figure 12. The S11 and gain diagrams of the full-wavelength directional antenna are calculated by HFSS software simulation, as shown in Figures 13 and 14.
本发明一实施例的结构如图6所示，该四单元全波引向天线由两个引向器、一个主振子、一个反射板构成，其中，主振子为全波振子，构成该主振子的扇形贴片的圆心角为135度；主振子上的激发点到主振子圆心的距离为0.182个波长；第一个引向器与主振子的距离为0.024个波长，第二个引向器距离第一个引向器的距离为0.1个波长，构成这两个引向器的扇形贴片的圆心角均为90度，具体实施尺寸如图15所示。用HFSS软件仿真计算得到全波长引向天线的S11和增益图，如图16和17所示。The structure of an embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 6. The four-element full-wave directional antenna is composed of two directors, a main oscillator, and a reflector, wherein the main oscillator is a full-wave oscillator, forming the main oscillator The center angle of the fan-shaped patch is 135 degrees; the distance from the excitation point on the main oscillator to the center of the main oscillator is 0.182 wavelengths; the distance between the first director and the main oscillator is 0.024 wavelengths, and the second director The distance from the first director is 0.1 wavelength, and the central angles of the fan-shaped patches constituting the two directors are both 90 degrees. The specific implementation dimensions are shown in Figure 15. The S11 and gain diagrams of the full-wavelength directional antenna are obtained through simulation and calculation with HFSS software, as shown in Figures 16 and 17.
本发明一实施例的结构如图7所示，该五单元全波引向天线由三个引向器、一个主振子、一个反射板构成，其中，主振子为全波振子，构成该主振子的扇形贴片的圆心角为135度；主振子上的激发点到主振子圆心的距离为0.182个波长；第一个引向器与主振子的距离为0.024个波长，第二个引向器距离第一个引向器的距离为0.1个波长，第三个引向器距离第二个引向器的距离为0.15个波长；构成这三个引向器的扇形贴片的圆心角均为90度，具体实施尺寸如图18所示。用HFSS软件仿真计算得到全波长引向天线的S11和增益图，如图19和20所示。The structure of an embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 7. The five-element full-wave directional antenna is composed of three directors, a main oscillator, and a reflector, wherein the main oscillator is a full-wave oscillator, forming the main oscillator The center angle of the fan-shaped patch is 135 degrees; the distance from the excitation point on the main oscillator to the center of the main oscillator is 0.182 wavelengths; the distance between the first director and the main oscillator is 0.024 wavelengths, and the second director The distance from the first director is 0.1 wavelength, and the distance from the third director to the second director is 0.15 wavelength; the central angles of the fan-shaped patches constituting these three directors are 90 degrees, the specific implementation dimensions are shown in Figure 18. The S11 and gain diagrams of the full-wavelength directional antenna are obtained through simulation and calculation with HFSS software, as shown in Figures 19 and 20.
本发明一实施例的结构如图2所示，该三单元全波引向天线由一个引向器、一个主振子、一个反射板构成，其中主振子与引向器异面，主振子为全波振子，构成该主振子的扇形贴片的圆心角为135度；主振子上的激发点到主振子圆心的距离为0.182个波长；引向器与主振子的距离为0.056个波长，构成该引向器的扇形贴片的圆心角为90度，具体实施尺寸如图21所示。用HFSS软件仿真计算得到全波长引向天线的S11和增益图，如图22和23所示。The structure of an embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 2. The three-element full-wave directing antenna is composed of a director, a main oscillator, and a reflector. Wave oscillator, the central angle of the fan-shaped patch that constitutes the main oscillator is 135 degrees; the distance from the excitation point on the main oscillator to the center of the main oscillator is 0.182 wavelengths; the distance between the director and the main oscillator is 0.056 wavelengths, forming the The central angle of the fan-shaped patch of the director is 90 degrees, and the specific implementation dimensions are shown in Figure 21. The S11 and gain diagrams of the full-wavelength directional antenna are calculated by HFSS software simulation, as shown in Figures 22 and 23.
本发明一实施例的结构如图4所示，该三单元全波引向天线由一个引向器、一个主振子、一个反射板构成，其中主振子与引向器异面，主振子为全波振子，构成该主振子的扇形贴片的圆心角为135度；主振子上的激发点到主振子圆心的距离为0.182个波长；引向器与主振子的距离为-0.008个波长。构成该引向器的扇形贴片的圆心角为90度，具体实施尺寸如图24所示。用HFSS软件仿真计算得到全波长引向天线的S11和增益图如图25和26所示。The structure of an embodiment of the present invention is shown in Figure 4. The three-element full-wave directing antenna consists of a director, a main oscillator, and a reflector, wherein the main oscillator and the director have different planes, and the main oscillator is a full For wave oscillators, the central angle of the fan-shaped patch that constitutes the main oscillator is 135 degrees; the distance from the excitation point on the main oscillator to the center of the main oscillator is 0.182 wavelengths; the distance between the director and the main oscillator is -0.008 wavelengths. The central angle of the fan-shaped patches constituting the director is 90 degrees, and the specific implementation dimensions are shown in FIG. 24 . Figure 25 and Figure 26 show the S11 and gain diagrams of the full-wavelength directional antenna calculated by HFSS software simulation.
如图27所示的传统八木天线，其结构是：一个引向器、一个主振子、一个反射板。其中，主振子为全波振子，引向器与主振子的距离d3为0.2个波长，主振子与反射板的距离也为0.2个波长。用HFSS软件仿真计算得到其S11和增益图，如图28和29所示。The structure of the traditional Yagi antenna shown in Figure 27 is: a director, a main oscillator, and a reflector. Wherein, the main oscillator is a full-wave oscillator, the distance d 3 between the director and the main oscillator is 0.2 wavelength, and the distance between the main oscillator and the reflector is also 0.2 wavelength. The S11 and gain diagrams are obtained by HFSS software simulation calculation, as shown in Figures 28 and 29.
由上可知，本发明设计的引向天线，增益比传统的八木天线要高2～3dB左右。It can be known from the above that the gain of the directional antenna designed in the present invention is about 2-3 dB higher than that of the traditional Yagi antenna.
综上所述，本发明所设计的引向天线可以实现双谐特性，且宽带宽、高增益、体积小、结构简单、便于制作实现。To sum up, the directional antenna designed in the present invention can realize dual harmonic characteristics, and has wide bandwidth, high gain, small volume, simple structure, and is easy to manufacture and realize.
以上所述，仅为本发明中的具体实施方式，但本发明的保护范围并不局限于此，任何熟悉该技术的人在本发明所揭露的技术范围内，可理解想到的变换或替换，都应涵盖在本发明的包含范围之内，因此，本发明的保护范围应该以权利要求书的保护范围为准。The above is only a specific implementation mode in the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Anyone familiar with the technology can understand the conceivable transformation or replacement within the technical scope disclosed in the present invention. All should be covered within the scope of the present invention, therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.
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