EP3484292A1 - Process to improve crop yield - Google Patents
Process to improve crop yieldInfo
- Publication number
- EP3484292A1 EP3484292A1 EP17735152.5A EP17735152A EP3484292A1 EP 3484292 A1 EP3484292 A1 EP 3484292A1 EP 17735152 A EP17735152 A EP 17735152A EP 3484292 A1 EP3484292 A1 EP 3484292A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plant
- natamycin
- antifungal agent
- strawberry
- polyene antifungal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/90—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having two or more relevant hetero rings, condensed among themselves or with a common carbocyclic ring system
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process to improve the yield of strawberry crops.
- CN 104130059(A) describes a plant-growth regulating agent Huaguoling capable of promoting yield increase of melon and fruit.
- CN 104718849(A) describes a process for improving the yield of tsaoko amomum fruit by spraying a sucrose solution, such that pollinating insects are attracted.
- CN 104273131 (A) describes the use of tetrahydropyrimidine and hydroxy tetrahydropyrimidine to promote production of melons and other fruits.
- Strawberries are a widely-grown fruit belonging to the genus Fragaria. It is grown on most continents and is appreciated for its distinctive fragrance, bright red color, and sweetness. It can be consumed fresh, as jam, ice creams, milkshakes, and in many other products. The yield of strawberry varies widely, depending on the cultivar, season of growth, and latitude, and numbers of 12,000 to 25,000 Ibs./acre are reported.
- CN 104829395 discloses using a fertilizer based on decomposed chicken dung, plant ash, canal mud older than 3 years, rape seed cake, urea, Gentiana scabra Bge, mint, capsicum, Chinese honey locust, and a water-retaining agent, which can increase strawberry yield.
- CN 103833476 discloses a fertilizer comprising microbial flora, a humic acid, a nitrogen fertilizer, a phosphatic fertilizer, a potash fertilizer, a boric acid, an insecticide, and water-soluble parting agent which increases the yield of strawberries.
- Anthracnose is a strawberry disease affecting all parts of the plant including fruit, crowns, leaves, petioles, and runners. Three related species, Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Colletotrichum fragariae are associated with anthracnose worldwide. All strawberry cultivars can be affected but some such as cv. Albion, cv. Camarosa, cv. Chandler, and cv. Portola are especially susceptible to anthracnose. The disease can increase during wet years or with over-irrigation.
- the disease can reach epidemic proportions during the establishment of commercial grower fields for fruit production when foliar sprinklers are used in addition to drip tape irrigation under plastic mulch.
- the pathogen can survive in infected plants and plant tissues in soil for at least nine months in the absence of host plants.
- several weeds are known to host the pathogen including chickweed, fiddleneck, and vetch.
- strawberries pre-plant nursery stocks are planted in infested soil, they become infected when they come in contact with soil containing fungal spores. Conidia are not airborne but are splashed onto crowns, stems, or fruit by rain or irrigation water.
- infected nursery stock In fields that have been fumigated, the disease usually originates on infected nursery stock or from volunteer strawberry plants in adjacent fields. In addition, inoculum can come from contaminated soil on field equipment. The disease will develop quickly following periods of warm, rainy weather. Under unfavorable conditions, early infections may become quiescent and be activated once conditions are conducive (i.e. , warm, humid weather, rain, or sprinkler irrigation). Crown rots can develop in young plants soon after planting or when warm temperatures occur. When crowns are infected, the entire plant may wilt and die.
- Water or fungicide treatments can be used on transplants before planting in production fields. Running water treatments can wash off most of the soil and may remove inoculum from transplants.
- azoxystrobin and a combination of cyprodinil and fludioxonil are presently amongst the treatments of choice.
- These compounds however have major drawbacks. In the first place they are non-natural, i.e. from a synthetic origin, potentially phytotoxic, and secondly it has been observed that pathogen populations that are resistant to these fungicides unfortunately are present (i.e. in US states of California and Florida).
- synthetic agrochemicals to control plant pathogens has increased costs to farmers and has caused harmful effects on the ecosystem. Consumers and government regulators alike are becoming increasingly concerned with the environmental hazards associated with the production and use of synthetic agrochemicals for protecting nursery stocks and seeds from pathogens.
- agrochemicals are fraught with problems such as bonding of the agrochemicals to the soil and the need for expensive and complex chemical application equipment and worker's safety.
- plants can be adversely affected by agrochemicals, as these chemicals can be toxic to seeds and plants that sprout from the seeds. Such toxicity limits the amount of these agrochemicals that can safely be applied.
- the invention relates to a process for increasing the yield of strawberry crops, the process comprising the step of applying of a polyene antifungal agent to the roots of a crop-bearing strawberry plant prior to planting said plant and/or to the medium to which the plant is to be planted.
- the polyene antifungal agent (or polyene fungicide) is preferably part of a composition, preferably a liquid composition, such as an aqueous composition which preferably comprises at least one additional compound selected from the group consisting of surfactants, sticking agents, carriers, adjuvants, solvents, dispersants, emulsifiers, wetting agents, stabilizers, antifoaming agents, buffering agents, and antioxidants.
- Such liquid composition may comprise between 1-10,000 ppm of the polyene antifungal agent.
- the polyene antifungal agent may be applied to the roots by dipping the roots in a liquid composition comprising said polyene antifungal agent.
- the polyene antifungal agent is preferably natamycin, preferably comprising needle shaped crystals having an average length of between 0.1 and 20 ⁇ .
- the natamycin may comprise at least 90% w/w needle shaped crystals having an average length of between 0.1 and 20 ⁇ .
- the invention further provides a crop- bearing strawberry plant of which the roots have been treated with a polyene antifungal agent.
- the invention also provides the use of natamycin to prevent or reduce anthracnose in a strawberry plant.
- Natamycin is registered as a postharvest fungicide of fruit crops (e.g. citrus, stone fruit, pome fruit) in the United States.
- the compound is classified by the EPA as a bio-fungicide. This classification includes biological organisms, pesticidal compounds that organisms or plants produce from genetic material added to them, or naturally occurring substances that are non-toxic or less toxic than conventional pesticides.
- Natamycin is a biofungicide because it is a natural fermentation product of the bacterium Streptomyces natalensis and other species of Streptomyces. It is part of the reduced risk pesticide classification of the Food Quality Protection Act of 1995.
- pesticides are generally safer than other conventional pesticides and help broaden IPM practices and reduce exposure risks to humans, show less toxicity to non-target organisms, and have less environmental impact.
- Compounds classified as bio-pesticides by the US-EPA are exempt from tolerance in the US, Canada, and Mexico.
- Natamycin is a broad-spectrum biofungicide that is effective against many fungi within the Ascomycota (e.g. Botrytis and Colletotrichum spp.) and Zygomycota (e.g. Rhizopus stolonifer) genera that are pathogens of strawberry and has a minimum inhibitory concentration of ⁇ 10 ppm for most of these organisms.
- natamycin has been used in the food industry as a preservative of dairy products (e.g. cheese) and dried meats for over 30 years. During this time, no resistance in target organisms including Penicillium spp. has ever been reported. This has rendered natamycin as low risk for resistance development. Natamycin can, amongst others, exist as stable needle-shaped crystals having an average length of 0.1-20 ⁇ , which have the advantage over conventional natamycin suspensions of avoiding problems caused by settling as disclosed in WO 2006/045831.
- WO 2014/085565 discloses a method for controlling fungal pathogens, notably pathogens that cause sudden death syndrome like Fusarium spp., by application of a composition comprising a polyene fungicide to the soil in which a plant or seed is to be planted or to plant roots.
- the polyene fungicide may be applied by soil drenching or direct application to plant roots via immersion/root dipping.
- WO 2014/191449 and WO 2014/191450 disclose methods for enhancing plant growth and crop yield by application of a natamycin producing bacterial strain to seed, or to the medium in which the seed is to be planted (WO 2014/191449), or to a plant (WO 2014/191450), but again not in relation to anthracnose.
- WO 2015/034359 discloses an antifungal soil treatment composition for preventing crop losses comprising an antimicrobial compound, especially the polyene fungicide natamycin, and a polyelectrolyte complex. The polyelectrolyte complex dramatically increases the antifungal activity of the natamycin.
- the present invention discloses results on strawberry cultivars, such as for example cv.
- natamycin appeared to be a highly effective pre-plant dip, similar in efficacy to azoxystrobin and a combination of cyprodinil and fludioxonil. Natamycin decreases the incidence and severity of disease, decreases plant mortality, and increases yield as compared to the controls of inoculated and non-inoculated plants, as well as that of several other fungicides evaluated. Additionally, natamycin is very effective when plants are inoculated with azoxystrobin-resistant isolates of the pathogen.
- the present invention provides a process for increasing the yield of a strawberry crop, the process comprising the step of applying a polyene antifungal agent to the roots of a crop-bearing strawberry plant prior to planting said strawberry plant.
- a polyene antifungal agent to the roots of a crop-bearing strawberry plant prior to planting said strawberry plant.
- the strawberry plant is crop-bearing.
- the polyene antifungal is applied the medium to which the plant is to be planted.
- a "crop” is understood to be a cultivated plant that is harvested for food. Examples include sugarcane, pumpkin, maize (corn), wheat, rice, cassava, soybeans, hay, potatoes, eggplants, zucchini, peppers, and cotton.
- the crop-bearing plant is a fruit-bearing plant.
- a "fruit” is understood to be the fleshy seed-associated structure of a plant.
- Fruits usually surround seeds, but are not seeds themselves.
- Fruits includes apple, apricot, avocado, banana, bilberry, blackberry, blackcurrant, blueberry, boysenberry, currant, cherry, cherimoya, cloudberry, coconut, cranberry, damson, date, dragon fruit, durian, elderberry, feijoa, fig, goji berry, gooseberry, grape raisin, grapefruit, guava, huckleberry, jabuticaba, jackfruit, jambul, jujube, juniper berry, kiwifruit, kumquat, lemon, lime, loquat, longan, lychee, mango, marionberry, melon, cantaloupe, honeydew, watermelon, miracle fruit, mulberry, nectarine, nance
- the polyene antifungal agent is part of a composition, preferably a liquid composition, such as an aqueous composition, e.g. an aqueous suspension.
- a liquid composition such as an aqueous composition, e.g. an aqueous suspension.
- Such composition may include concentrated stock suspensions/solutions and concentrated dry products such as e.g. powders, granulates and tablets.
- such composition is an aqueous suspension of crystalline natamycin, which crystals are preferably needle-shaped, having a mean length of between 0.1 and 20 ⁇ .
- a liquid composition comprising a polyene antifungal agent which is suitable in the process of the invention, e.g. which liquid composition is suitable for applying a polyene antifungal agent to the roots of a crop-bearing plant e.g. by dipping, may comprise between 1 and 200, more preferably between 5 and 50, more preferably between 10 and 30 oz. of a 10% w/v aqueous natamycin suspension per 150 gallons of liquid composition.
- the concentration of the polyene antifungal agent in the liquid composition is from 1-10,000 ppm, more preferably from 10- 8,000 ppm, most preferably from 50-5,000 ppm.
- the polyene antifungal agent comprises natamycin, preferably natamycin comprising needle shaped crystals having an average length of between 0.1 and 20 ⁇ , more preferably comprising natamycin comprising at least 90% w/w needle shaped crystals having an average length of between 0.1 and 20 ⁇ .
- the crystals having a needle shaped form have a length of more than 2 ⁇ , more preferably have a length of more than 4 ⁇ , most preferably have a length of more than 6 ⁇ .
- the mean diameter of the needle shaped crystals is between 0.1 and 2 ⁇ , more preferably less than 1 .5 ⁇ and most preferably a length of less than 1.0 ⁇ .
- length and diameter is meant the length and diameter as measured with an (Olympus) microscope (type BH-2) with a total used magnification of 1000 times, whereby the length is the largest length size of the crystal and the diameter is the size of the thickness of the crystal measured in the middle of the length and perpendicular to the length direction.
- the mean length and the mean diameter are both determined by measuring at least 100 crystals.
- a composition comprising a polyene antifungal suitable in the process of the invention may also contain at least one other antifungal compounds such as e.g. imazalil (Janssen Pharmaceutica N.V., Belgium), thiabendazole (e.g.
- a composition comprising a polyene antifungal agent suitable in the process of the invention may advantageously comprise at least one sticking agent, which improves the sticking of the antifungal compound to the roots of the plant.
- sticking agents are latex based products like Prolong ® (Holland Fyto B.V., The Netherlands) and Bond ® (Loveland Industries Ltd), pilonene/terpene based products like Nu-film ® (Hygrotech Saad) and Spray-Fast ® (Mandops) and long chain polysaccharides like xanthan gum, gellan gum and guar gum.
- the sticking agent may be a polymer or co-polymer from a type of polymer such as polyacrylate and polyethylene e.g. Neocryl ® (DSM, The Netherlands).
- the composition of the invention may also comprise two or more different sticking agents.
- a composition comprising a polyene antifungal suitable in the process of the invention may advantageously comprise at least one surfactant.
- the optional addition of said compounds to such compositions is therefore also included in this invention.
- useful surfactants are anionic tensides such as sodium lauryl sulphate or polyethylene alkyl ethers or polyoxyethylethers, e.g. Tween ® 60, 61 or 65.
- Other examples of useful surfactants are organo silicones, sulfosucci nates, alcohol ethoxylates, fatty acid ethoxylates, fatty acid propoxylates and the commercial product Zipper ® (Asepta B.V., The Netherlands).
- the composition comprising a polyene antifungal agent suitable in the process of the invention comprises at least one additional compound selected from the group consisting of surfactants, sticking agents, carriers, adjuvants, solvents, dispersants, emulsifiers, wetting agents, stabilizers, antifoaming agents, buffering agents, and antioxidants.
- the present inventors have found that applying a polyene antifungal agent to the roots of a fruit-bearing plant prior to planting said plant or to the medium to which the plant is to be planted increases the yield of the crop of that plant.
- An increase in crop yield may comprise an increase in the number of crop, i.e. an increase in the number of melons, tomatoes, strawberries etc. at the time when the crop is ready to harvest.
- An increase in crop yield may comprise an increase in the weight of individual crop (e.g. the (average) weight of individual strawberry), for example an increase in the average weight of the total crop, such as the increase in the average weight of the total harvest of strawberries.
- An increase in crop yield may comprise an increase in the total weight of the (harvested) crop.
- An increase in crop yield may result in faster development (growth, weight gain) of the crop, such that the crop can be harvested earlier, saving precious time. A combination of these effects is also possible.
- a main advantage of the brush process, plaster-like compositions and spraying resins on the surface is that the fungicide is directly applied on the roots of the crop-bearing plant.
- aqueous dipping, drenching, or spraying applications using automatic systems reduce the labor costs and are more cost-effective.
- the polyene antifungal agent is preferably applied to the roots of a crop-bearing plant prior to planting said plant and/or to the medium to which the plant is to be planted in an effective amount, that is, in an amount such that the yield of the crop is increased relative to a treatment in which the polyene antifungal agent is not applied to the roots of a crop-bearing plant prior to planting said plant and/or to the medium to which the plant is to be planted, under otherwise identical conditions.
- the polyene antifungal agent is applied to the roots by dipping the roots in a liquid composition comprising said polyene antifungal agent.
- the polyene antifungal agent is applied to the medium to which the plant is planted, typically soil, but synthetic growth substrate is also possible.
- the process also encompasses applying the polyene antifungal agent to the roots of the crop-bearing plant and to the medium to which the plant is to be planted.
- the polyene antifungal agent can be applied to the roots of the crop-bearing plant by spraying, brushing, fogging, and other suitable processes. Preferred application is by dipping, drenching the roots, e.g. in a liquid composition comprising the polyene antifungal agent.
- Applying the polyene antifungal agent to the roots of a crop -bearing plant can be done by holding the plant, either manually or by a dedicated machine by its stems and dipping the roots in the polyene antifungal agent which is preferably in the form of a liquid composition.
- the plants can be lowered in a liquid composition comprising the polyene antifungal agent.
- the plant can be planted in the medium such as soil or synthetic substrate.
- Application of the polyene antifungal agent to the medium to which the plant is planted can be done by sprinkling, dripping, fogging etc. This can be done prior to planting the plants, but can also be done after the plants have been planted.
- the polyene antifungal agent can be applied in dry form, e.g. as powder, or as a liquid.
- the polyene antifungal agent is preferably applied before harvesting the crop.
- the invention also includes applying the polyene antifungal agent to the medium to which the plant is to be planted after the crop has been harvested, and before a further harvest, i.e. in between harvests, or after part of the crop has been harvested.
- the crop After treatment with polyene antifungal agent the crop can be harvested and may be packed in plastic.
- Treatment of the roots is done for a period sufficient to result in an increase of yield of crop.
- such treatment may be done for 1 second up to 1 day, more preferably between 1 second and 1 hour, more preferably between 1 second and 2 minutes, even more preferably between 1 and 30 seconds. It is preferred to minimize the time of treatment for economic reasons.
- baby plants are treated by the process of the invention.
- the polyene antifungal is applied to the roots of the strawberry plant in the absence of sunlight. It was surprisingly established that such method, i.e. application indoors or by any other means whereby prolonged contact to sunlight and/or UV light is avoided, resulted in a further and significantly higher reduction in disease incidence.
- the method is carried in indoor places such as a barn, a warehouse, a greenhouse, or any other building comprising a roof blocking direct sunlight from the plant during or after application of the polyene antifungal to the roots of the strawberry plant.
- the invention provides a crop-bearing plant of which the roots have been treated with a polyene antifungal agent.
- the treated roots comprise from 0.01 to 20 mg/dm 2 , preferably from 0.1 to 10 mg/dm 2 , of a polyene antifungal agent on their surface.
- the treated roots comprise from 0.1 ppm/kg to 10,000 ppm/kg of a polyene antifungal agent on their surface.
- the crop-bearing plant is a strawberry plant and said polyene antifungal agent is natamycin.
- said strawberry plant is cv. Florida Radiance, cv. Portola or cv. Fronteras.
- the invention provides the use of natamycin to prevent or reduce anthracnose in a strawberry plant.
- natamycin is applied to the roots of the strawberry plant and the strawberry plant is cv. Florida Radiance, cv. Portola or cv. Fronteras.
- Baby strawberry plants of cv. Portola were either inoculated or non-inoculated (naturally infected). Inoculation was done by dipping plants for 4 minutes in conidial suspensions of Colletotrichum acutatum, and then drip-dried. Plants were then stored for 8 h at 20°C, or 3 days at 5°C. Plants were then treated with natamycin by dipping them for 10 seconds in a liquid which was obtained either by adding 13.3 oz of a 10% w/v natamycin suspension to 150 gallon of water or which was obtained by adding 26.6 oz of a 10% w/v natamycin suspension to 150 gallon of water. The plants were then planted in different rows for each treatment, one feet apart and the yield was evaluated for fruit yield after 6 weeks. See below Table 1 for results.
- Azoxystrobin a commercially available synthetic strobilurin fungicide was applied at 8 fl.
- Switch ® a synthetic fungicide comprising cyprodinil and fludioxonil available from Syngenta, was applied at 8 oz./150 gal.
- Plants were allowed to drip-dry and were stored overnight at 5°C. Plants were planted one foot apart in double-row beds in a randomized complete block design with each bed representing a single block (replication) and a total of four blocks. There were 10 plants each of cv. Portola and cv. Fronteras in each replication in the inoculated plant portion of the field, and there were 20 plants per replication for the non-inoculated cv. Portola plants. Overhead irrigation was applied daily for 30 min for the first week, and then twice a week for the remaining time (one month total), similar to commercial practices.
- Plants were evaluated periodically for disease and phytotoxicity over the course of the trial. As plants develop disease symptoms, fungal isolations were done from diseased tissue to validate the symptoms as anthracnose. For this, pieces of crown and leaf tissues from the margins between diseased and healthy tissue were surface-sterilized with sodium hypochlorite and rinsed with sterile, distilled water. A small sample of this plant tissue was removed, cut into pieces, and plated onto 10-cm potato dextrose agar media plates amended with ampicillin and rifampicin to inhibit bacterial growth. Plates were incubated for 5-6 days at 25°C, and fungal colonies were identified using morphological characteristics.
- Product effectiveness in managing root necrosis caused by Colletotrichum acutatum was evaluated by inoculating bare-root transplants of Fragaria X ananassa cv. Florida Radiance with a mixture of four Colletotrichum acutatum isolates, two sensitive and two resistant to Quinone-outside inhibitor (Qol) fungicides. Plants were inoculated by spraying a suspension of 106 conidia/ml onto plant roots using 300 ml per 100 plants. After inoculation, plants were kept at room temperature overnight and were transplanted into plastic-mulched raised beds. Beds were 28 in. wide on 4-ft. centers and contained two staggered rows of plants spaced 12 in apart within and 15 in. between rows.
- Qol Quinone-outside inhibitor
Abstract
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US201662361606P | 2016-07-13 | 2016-07-13 | |
EP2016184178 | 2016-08-15 | ||
PCT/EP2017/066906 WO2018011046A1 (en) | 2016-07-13 | 2017-07-06 | Process to improve crop yield |
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