EP3477223B1 - Système cryogénique - Google Patents

Système cryogénique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3477223B1
EP3477223B1 EP18200885.4A EP18200885A EP3477223B1 EP 3477223 B1 EP3477223 B1 EP 3477223B1 EP 18200885 A EP18200885 A EP 18200885A EP 3477223 B1 EP3477223 B1 EP 3477223B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
refrigerant
refrigerant circulation
refrigerator
stage
cryogenic
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Application number
EP18200885.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3477223A1 (fr
Inventor
Katsuhiro Narasaki
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Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd
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Sumitomo Heavy Industries Ltd
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Publication of EP3477223A1 publication Critical patent/EP3477223A1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/10—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point with several cooling stages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/02—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point using Joule-Thompson effect; using vortex effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B9/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point
    • F25B9/14—Compression machines, plants or systems, in which the refrigerant is air or other gas of low boiling point characterised by the cycle used, e.g. Stirling cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D19/00—Arrangement or mounting of refrigeration units with respect to devices or objects to be refrigerated, e.g. infrared detectors
    • F25D19/006—Thermal coupling structure or interface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2309/00—Gas cycle refrigeration machines
    • F25B2309/14—Compression machines, plants or systems characterised by the cycle used 
    • F25B2309/1428—Control of a Stirling refrigeration machine
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
    • F25B2400/06—Several compression cycles arranged in parallel

Definitions

  • Certain embodiments of the present invention relate to a cryogenic system.
  • cryogenic coolers have been used to cool various objects to be cooled to a desired very low temperature.
  • cryogenic coolers there are a cooler that directly cools an object to be cooled by a mechanical refrigerator, such as a GM refrigerator, a Stirling refrigerator, or a pulse tube refrigerator, a cooler that cools a refrigerant by such a mechanical refrigerator and cools an object to be cooled by a refrigerant, and the like.
  • a plurality of individual refrigerant circulation paths between which a refrigerant cannot be circulated are formed in a refrigerant cooling type cryogenic cooler.
  • the cryogenic cooler includes a plurality of mechanical refrigerators, and the refrigerator is installed on each refrigerant circulation path to cool a refrigerant that is circulated in each refrigerant circulation path. In a case in which a function to cool a certain refrigerant circulation path is lost due to the failure of any one of the refrigerators or other reasons, the cooling capacity of the refrigerant circulation path is lost.
  • the refrigerator is a structure that connects a high-temperature section (for example, a room-temperature section) to a low-temperature section (for example, an object to be cooled)
  • a refrigerator which is stopped due to a failure or the like, forms a heat transfer path to the low-temperature section from the high-temperature section.
  • the refrigerator causes an increase in the penetration of heat into the object to be cooled.
  • the cryogenic cooler cannot continue to perform desired cryogenic cooling or it may be difficult for the cryogenic cooler to perform desired cryogenic cooling.
  • An exemplary object of an aspect of the invention is to improve the continuity of the cooling operation of a cryogenic system.
  • a cryogenic system according to the invention is defined in claim 1.
  • the continuity of the cooling operation of a cryogenic system can be improved.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram schematically showing a cryogenic system 10 according to an embodiment.
  • the cryogenic system 10 includes a plurality of refrigerant circulation loops 12, a connection line 14, a vacuum vessel 16, and a cryogenic cooling unit 20 that cools an object 18 to be cooled.
  • a radiation shield which is used to suppress the incidence of radiant heat on the object 18 to be cooled and the cryogenic cooling unit 20, is usually installed in the vacuum vessel 16, but is not shown for simplification.
  • the refrigerant circulation loops 12 are adapted to cool the cryogenic cooling unit 20 by heat exchange between the cryogenic cooling unit 20 and a refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant is, for example, a refrigerant gas (for example, helium) .
  • Each of the plurality of refrigerant circulation loops 12 circulates the refrigerant.
  • the connection line 14 connects the plurality of refrigerant circulation loops 12 so that the refrigerant can be circulated.
  • the exemplary structures of the refrigerant circulation loops 12 and the connection line 14 will be described later.
  • the vacuum vessel 16 is a cryogenic vacuum vessel, such as a cryostat, and partitions the cryogenic system 10 into a normal-temperature section 22 and a low-temperature section 24. That is, the normal-temperature section 22 of the cryogenic system 10 is disposed outside the vacuum vessel 16, and the low-temperature section 24 of the cryogenic system 10 is disposed in the vacuum vessel 16.
  • the normal-temperature section 22 takes, for example, a room temperature or a temperature of about 300K.
  • the object 18 to be cooled is a detection element that detects infrared rays, submillimeter waves, X-rays, or other electromagnetic waves, and such a detection element is a component of an observation device that is used for astronomical observation.
  • the object 18 to be cooled is in physical contact with the cryogenic cooling unit 20 and is thermally coupled to the cryogenic cooling unit 20, or is thermally coupled to the cryogenic cooling unit 20 through a heat transfer member.
  • the cryogenic cooling unit 20 is also called a cooling stage. As shown in FIG. 1 , the cryogenic system 10 may include one common cooling stage as the cryogenic cooling unit 20. Alternatively, the cryogenic cooling unit 20 may include a plurality of cooling stages. In this case, each of the refrigerant circulation loops 12 may be provided with the cooling stage (for example, see FIG. 4 ) .
  • the cryogenic system 10 is adapted to be capable of being mounted on, for example, a spacecraft, such as an artificial satellite, together with the object 18 to be cooled.
  • the cryogenic system 10 may be mounted on a ground facility including the object 18 to be cooled.
  • the cryogenic system 10 may be mounted on a spacecraft or a ground facility together with, for example, a superconducting device or other objects 18 to be cooled for which a cryogenic environment is desirable.
  • the refrigerant circulation loops 12 include a first refrigerant circulation loop 12a and a second refrigerant circulation loop 12b. Since these refrigerant circulation loops 12 have the same configuration, the configuration of the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a will be mainly described below and the description of the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b will be appropriately omitted.
  • the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a includes a circulation pump 26 that circulates a refrigerant and a mechanical refrigerator (hereinafter, simply referred to as a refrigerator) 28 that cools the refrigerant.
  • a circulation pump 26 that circulates a refrigerant
  • a mechanical refrigerator hereinafter, simply referred to as a refrigerator
  • the circulation pump 26 is adapted to increase the pressure of a refrigerant gas, which is collected from, for example, the low-temperature section 24, to, for example, about the atmospheric pressure or about several atmospheres.
  • the circulation pump 26 can recover a pressure loss that occurs on the refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation loop 12.
  • the circulation pump 26 may be a pump of which the output is lower than the output of a compressor 30 to be described later (for example, by about several W).
  • the circulation pump 26 is disposed in the normal-temperature section 22 of the cryogenic system 10.
  • the refrigerator 28 is a two-stage Stirling refrigerator.
  • the refrigerator 28 includes a compressor 30, a two-stage cold head 32 as an expander, and a connecting pipe 34 that connects the compressor 30 to the two-stage cold head 32.
  • the connecting pipe 34 provides a gas flow channel that circulates a refrigerant gas (for example, a helium gas) between the compressor 30 and the two-stage cold head 32.
  • the two-stage cold head 32 includes a first-stage refrigerator stage 36 and a second-stage refrigerator stage 38.
  • the normal-temperature section 22 of the cryogenic system 10 includes the compressor 30, a room-temperature portion of the two-stage cold head 32, and the connecting pipe 34, and the low-temperature section 24 of the cryogenic system 10 includes the first-stage refrigerator stage 36 and the second-stage refrigerator stage 38.
  • the compressor 30 is adapted to generate the pressure oscillation of a refrigerant gas.
  • the generated pressure oscillation is transmitted to the two-stage cold head 32 through the connecting pipe 34.
  • the two-stage cold head 32 is adapted to induce pressure oscillation where the pressure oscillation transmitted from the compressor 30 has a phase difference at the same frequency as the pressure oscillation in the two-stage cold head 32. Accordingly, a refrigeration cycle (specifically, reverse Stirling cycle) is formed between the compressor 30 and the two-stage cold head 32.
  • the first-stage cooling temperature of the refrigerator 28 is selected from the temperature range of, for example, 50K to 150K.
  • the first-stage cooling temperature maybe in the temperature range of, for example, 80K to 120K.
  • the second-stage cooling temperature is lower than the first-stage cooling temperature.
  • the second-stage cooling temperature is selected from the temperature range of, for example, 4K to 25K.
  • the second-stage cooling temperature may be in the temperature range of, for example, 10K to 20K.
  • the second-stage cooling temperature may be lower than 4K (for example, in the range of 1K to 4K).
  • the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a further includes a first heat exchanger 40, a first-stage cooling unit 42, a second heat exchanger 44, a second-stage cooling unit 46, and a cooling-stage heat exchanger 48.
  • the first heat exchanger 40, the first-stage cooling unit 42, the second heat exchanger 44, the second-stage cooling unit 46, and the cooling-stage heat exchanger 48 are disposed in the vacuum vessel 16, that is, in the low-temperature section 24 of the cryogenic system 10.
  • the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a further includes a refrigerant supply line 50 and a refrigerant collection line 52.
  • the refrigerant supply line 50 connects the discharge side of the circulation pump 26 to the supply side of the cooling-stage heat exchanger 48
  • the refrigerant collection line 52 connects the collection side of the cooling-stage heat exchanger 48 to the suction side of the circulation pump 26. Accordingly, a part of each of the refrigerant supply line 50 and the refrigerant collection line 52 is disposed in the normal-temperature section 22, and the remaining part thereof is disposed in the low-temperature section 24.
  • the refrigerant supply line 50 includes a supply-side refrigerant pipe 51 in the low-temperature section 24, and the refrigerant collection line 52 includes a collection-side refrigerant pipe 53 in the low-temperature section 24 (for example, pipes surrounded in FIG. 1 by a broken line) .
  • the supply-side refrigerant pipe 51 connects the second-stage cooling unit 46 to the cooling-stage heat exchanger 48
  • the collection-side refrigerant pipe 53 connects the cooling-stage heat exchanger 48 to a collection-side flow channel of the second heat exchanger 44.
  • a refrigerant is supplied to the cooling-stage heat exchanger 48 from the second-stage cooling unit 46 through the supply-side refrigerant pipe 51, and the refrigerant is collected to the second heat exchanger 44 from the cooling-stage heat exchanger 48 through the collection-side refrigerant pipe 53.
  • the first heat exchanger 40 cools a high-temperature (for example, a normal temperature, for example, about 300K) refrigerant gas that flows into the vacuum vessel 16 from the circulation pump 26.
  • the second heat exchanger 44 further cools the refrigerant that is cooled by the first heat exchanger 40 and the first-stage cooling unit 42.
  • Each of the first and second heat exchangers 40 and 44 is a counterflow heat exchanger.
  • the refrigerant supply line 50 includes a supply-side flow channel of each of the first and second heat exchangers 40 and 44
  • the refrigerant collection line 52 includes a collection-side flow channel of each of the first and second heat exchangers 40 and 44.
  • a refrigerant, which flows through the supply-side flow channel, can be cooled in each heat exchanger by heat exchange between the supply-side flow channel and the collection-side flow channel.
  • the first-stage cooling unit 42 is thermally coupled to the first-stage refrigerator stage 36.
  • a refrigerant, which flows through the first-stage cooling unit 42, is cooled by heat exchange with the first-stage refrigerator stage 36.
  • the first-stage cooling unit 42 is disposed on the refrigerant supply line 50 between the first and second heat exchangers 40 and 44.
  • the second-stage cooling unit 46 is thermally coupled to the second-stage refrigerator stage 38.
  • a refrigerant, which flows through the second-stage cooling unit 46, is cooled by the second-stage refrigerator stage 38.
  • the second-stage cooling unit 46 is disposed on the refrigerant supply line 50 between the second heat exchanger 44 and the cooling-stage heat exchanger 48.
  • the cooling-stage heat exchanger 48 is thermally coupled to the cryogenic cooling unit 20.
  • a refrigerant which flows through the cooling-stage heat exchanger 48, cools the cryogenic cooling unit 20.
  • the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b includes a circulation pump 26 and a refrigerator 28.
  • the refrigerator 28 includes a compressor 30, a two-stage cold head 32, and a connecting pipe 34.
  • the two-stage cold head 32 includes a first-stage refrigerator stage 36 and a second-stage refrigerator stage 38.
  • the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b includes a first heat exchanger 40, a first-stage cooling unit 42, a second heat exchanger 44, a second-stage cooling unit 46, a cooling-stage heat exchanger 48, a refrigerant supply line 50, and a refrigerant collection line 52.
  • the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a includes a backflow prevention unit 54.
  • the backflow prevention unit 54 includes a pair of on-off valves (V1 and V2) for backflowprevention.
  • One on-off valve V1 for backflow prevention is provided on the refrigerant collection line 52, and the other on-off valve V2 for backflow prevention is provided on the refrigerant supply line 50.
  • the on-off valves (V1 and V2) for backflow prevention are opened in an unconnected state of the connection line 14.
  • the on-off valves (V1 and V2) for backflow prevention are closed in a connected state of the connection line 14. The details of the unconnected state and the connected state of the connection line 14 will be described later.
  • V1 and V2 on-off valves for backflow prevention are provided on the upstream side and the downstream side of the circulation pump 26, respectively.
  • only one on-off valve for backflow prevention may be provided, and any one of the on-off valves (V1 and V2) for backflow prevention may be provided in this case.
  • the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b also includes a backflow prevention unit 54.
  • On-off valves for backflow prevention of the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b are denoted by V5 and V6 for convenience so as to be distinguished from the on-off valves (V1 and V2) for backflow prevention of the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a. Only one on-off valve for backflow prevention may be provided on the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b as well, and any one of the on-off valves (V5 and V6) for backflow prevention may be provided in this case.
  • the circulation of the backflow of a refrigerant in each refrigerant circulation loop 12 can be prevented by a relatively simple structure of closing the on-off valves (V1, V2, V5, and V6) for backflow prevention.
  • the backflow prevention units 54 are disposed in the normal-temperature section 22 of the cryogenic system 10. For this reason, a general-purpose component of which the operational reliability is ensured under a normal temperature can be employed as the backflow prevention unit 54. Such a general-purpose component can be available at a lower cost than a component of which the reliability in a cryogenic environment is ensured.
  • the backflow prevention units 54 may be disposed in the low-temperature section 24 of the cryogenic system 10, if possible.
  • connection line 14 is adapted to be switchable to the connected state from the unconnected state.
  • the connection line 14 isolates the plurality of refrigerant circulation loops 12 from each other in the unconnected state so that the circulation pump 26 of each refrigerant circulation loop 12 circulates a refrigerant in the refrigerant circulation loop 12.
  • the connection line 14 connects the plurality of refrigerant circulation loops 12 in the connected state so that the circulation pump 26 of at least one refrigerant circulation loop 12 circulates a refrigerant in at least one of the other refrigerant circulation loops 12 as well.
  • the connection line 14 can also return to the unconnected state from the connected state.
  • connection line 14 includes connection flow channels that connect the two refrigerant circulation loops 12 and on-off valves (V3 and V4) for connection that are provided on the connection flow channels, are closed in the unconnected state, and are opened in the connected state.
  • the connected state and the unconnected state of the connection line 14 can be switched by a relatively simple structure of opening and closing the on-off valves (V3 and V4) for connection.
  • connection line 14 includes a supply-side connection flow channel 56 that connects the refrigerant supply lines 50 of the two refrigerant circulation loops 12 and a supply-side on-off valve V3 for connection that is provided on the supply-side connection flow channel 56.
  • connection line 14 includes a collection-side connection flow channel 58 that connects the refrigerant collection lines 52 of the two refrigerant circulation loops 12 and a collection-side on-off valve V4 for connection that is provided on the collection-side connection flow channel 58. Both the supply-side on-off valve V3 for connection and the collection-side on-off valve V4 for connection are closed in the unconnected state, and are opened in the connected state.
  • a supply-side junction 60 between the refrigerant supply line 50 and the supply-side connection flow channel 56 is disposed between the on-off valve V2 for backflow prevention and the supply-side flow channel of the first heat exchanger 40. Accordingly, the on-off valve V2 for backflow prevention is disposed between the discharge side of the circulation pump 26 and the supply-side junction 60. Further, a collection-side junction 62 between the refrigerant collection line 52 and the collection-side connection flow channel 58 is disposed between the on-off valve V1 for backflow prevention and the collection-side flow channel of the first heat exchanger 40. Accordingly, the on-off valve V1 for backflow prevention is disposed between the suction side of the circulation pump 26 and the collection-side junction 62.
  • connection line 14 is disposed in the normal-temperature section 22 of the cryogenic system 10. Accordingly, general-purpose components of which the operational reliability is ensured under a normal temperature can be employed as the on-off valves (V3 and V4) for connection or the other components of the connection line 14. Such a general-purpose component can be available at a lower cost than a component of which the reliability in a cryogenic environment is ensured.
  • the connection line 14 may be disposed in the low-temperature section 24 of the cryogenic system 10, if possible.
  • the respective on-off valves (V1 to V6) provided on the refrigerant circulation loops 12 and the connection line 14 are opened, a refrigerant can flow through the on-off valves.
  • the respective on-off valves (V1 to V6) are closed, a refrigerant cannot flow through the on-off valves.
  • the respective on-off valves (V1 to V6) may be electromagnetic on-off valves, mechanical on-off valves, manual on-off valves, or other driven-type on-off valves .
  • FIG. 2 is a table illustrating a relationship between failure modes of the cryogenic system 10 according to the embodiment and the state of the connection line 14.
  • the open/closed states of the respective on-off valves (V1 to V6) of the connection line 14 are shown so as to correspond to some failure modes.
  • "open” represents that the on-off valve is opened and “close” represents that the on-off valve is closed.
  • FIG. 2 A normal operation and four failure modes of the cryogenic system 10 are exemplified in FIG. 2 .
  • Normal operation represents that all the circulation pumps 26 and the refrigerators 28 provided in the cryogenic system 10 are normally operated without a failure .
  • ST1 failure represents that a failure occurs in the refrigerator 28 of the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a
  • ST2 failure represents that a failure occurs in the refrigerator 28 of the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b.
  • P1 failure represents that a failure occurs in the circulation pump 26 of the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a
  • P2 failure represents that a failure occurs in the circulation pump 26 of the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b.
  • a temperature sensor 64 which measures the temperature of the refrigerator stage, is usually installed on at least one of the first-stage refrigerator stage 36 and the second-stage refrigerator stage 38, it is possible to determine whether or not a failure occurs in the refrigerator 28 from the measurement result of the temperature sensor 64.
  • a refrigerant sensor 66 such as a pressure sensor for measuring the pressure of a refrigerant (and/or a flow sensor for measuring the flow rate of a refrigerant), is usually installed on the refrigerant circulation loop 12, it is possible to determine whether or not a failure occurs in the circulation pump 26 from the measurement result of the refrigerant sensor 66.
  • the circulation pump 26 of the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a circulates a refrigerant in the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a and the circulation pump 26 of the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b circulates a refrigerant in the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b.
  • a refrigerant does not flow in the connection line 14, and is not circulated between the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a and the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b. In this way, the plurality of refrigerant circulation loops 12 are operated independently of each other.
  • a refrigerant which is sent to the refrigerant supply line 50 from the circulation pump 26 of each refrigerant circulation loop 12, flows into the vacuum vessel 16 and is supplied to the supply-side flow channel of the first heat exchanger 40 for the first time.
  • the refrigerant which flows through the supply-side flow channel of the first heat exchanger 40, is cooled by exchanging heat with a return refrigerant that flows through the collection-side flow channel of the first heat exchanger 40.
  • the refrigerant, which is cooled by the first heat exchanger 40 flows into the first-stage cooling unit 42 through the refrigerant supply line 50.
  • the refrigerant is cooled in the first-stage cooling unit 42 by the first-stage refrigerator stage 36, and is sent to the supply-side flow channel of the second heat exchanger 44.
  • the refrigerant which flows through the supply-side flow channel of the second heat exchanger 44, is cooled by exchanging heat with a return refrigerant that flows through the collection-side flow channel of the second heat exchanger 44.
  • the refrigerant which is cooled by the second heat exchanger 44, flows into the second-stage cooling unit 46 through the refrigerant supply line 50.
  • the refrigerant is cooled in the second-stage cooling unit 46 by the second-stage refrigerator stage 38, and is supplied to the cooling-stage heat exchanger 48.
  • the cryogenic cooling unit 20 is cooled by heat exchange between the refrigerant, which flows through the cooling-stage heat exchanger 48, and the cryogenic cooling unit 20.
  • the cryogenic cooling unit 20 is cooled to, for example, the second-stage cooling temperature of the refrigerator 28. Accordingly, the cryogenic cooling unit 20 can cool the object 18 to be cooled to the temperature range of the second-stage cooling temperature.
  • the refrigerant flows to the refrigerant collection line 52 from the cooling-stage heat exchanger 48.
  • the refrigerant flows through the refrigerant collection line 52 in the order of the second heat exchanger 44 and the first heat exchanger 40.
  • the temperature of the return refrigerant rises while the return refrigerant cools the refrigerant, which flows through the refrigerant supply line 50, at each of the heat exchangers (44 and 40) as described above.
  • the refrigerant which returns to the normal temperature in this way, gets out of the vacuum vessel 16, is collected to the circulation pump 26, and is sent again.
  • the respective refrigerant circulation loops 12 are operated individually at the time of the normal operation and the cryogenic system 10 can cool the cryogenic cooling unit 20 and the object 18 to be cooled.
  • connection line 14 is in the unconnected state in the cases of the ST1 failure and the ST2 failure as well.
  • a refrigerant does not need to be circulated in the refrigerant circulation loop 12 to which the refrigerator 28 in which a failure occurs belongs. Accordingly, the operation of the circulation pump 26 of the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a is stopped in the case of the ST1 failure, and the circulation pump 26 of the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b is stopped in the case of the ST2 failure. In this way, the circulation pump 26 of the refrigerant circulation loop 12 to which the refrigerator 28 in which a failure occurs belongs is stopped, and the circulation pump 26 of the other refrigerant circulation loop 12 continues to be operated.
  • the refrigerator 28 cannot be already cooled.
  • the refrigerator 28 becomes a heat transfer path for heat to be transferred to the refrigerator stage from the normal-temperature section 22.
  • the refrigerator 28 in which a failure occurs can also be said a heat penetration source. Heat penetrates due to the conduction of heat to the first-stage refrigerator stage 36 and the second-stage refrigerator stage 38 from the normal-temperature section 22 through structural members (for example, a cylinder, a displacer, and the like) of the refrigerator 28. As a result, the temperature of each of the first-stage refrigerator stage 36 and the second-stage refrigerator stage 38 gradually rises to a normal temperature.
  • cryogenic cooling unit 20 If the cryogenic cooling unit 20 is directly mounted on the refrigerator stage, the temperature of the cryogenic cooling unit 20 also rises together with the temperature of the refrigerator stage due to the failure of the refrigerator 28. Since the cooling capacity of the cryogenic system 10 is reduced, it may be also difficult to maintain the cooling of the object 18 to be cooled.
  • a heat transfer path for heat to be transferred to the cryogenic cooling unit 20 from the refrigerator stage in the cases of the ST1 failure and the ST2 failure is limited to the supply-side refrigerant pipe 51 and the collection-side refrigerant pipe 53.
  • Each of the supply-side refrigerant pipe 51 and the collection-side refrigerant pipe 53 is a thin pipe which is relatively long and of which the thickness of a wall is small.
  • the amount of heat, which is transferred to the cryogenic cooling unit 20 from the first-stage refrigerator stage 36 and the second-stage refrigerator stage 38 through the supply-side refrigerant pipe 51 and the collection-side refrigerant pipe 53 by the conduction of heat, is limited. For this reason, since the temperature rise of the cryogenic cooling unit 20 is delayed even though a failure occurs in the refrigerator 28, the cooling of the object 18 to be cooled can be continued to some extent.
  • the supply-side refrigerant pipe 51 and the collection-side refrigerant pipe 53 are designed to limit penetration heat that is generated due to the conduction of heat to the cryogenic cooling unit 20 from the refrigerator stage (for example, the second-stage refrigerator stage 38) caused by the failure of the refrigerator 28, or are designed so that the penetration heat can be substantially ignored.
  • Thermal connection between the refrigerator 28 and the cryogenic cooling unit 20 is limited by a combination of such a design of a low-temperature-section refrigerant pipe and the stop of the operation of the circulation pump 26.
  • the above-mentioned combination of the low-temperature-section refrigerant pipe and the circulation pump 26 does not have disadvantages, which are caused by an existing thermal switch, at all or hardly has the disadvantages.
  • a refrigerator 28 in which a failure occurs can be easily thermally isolated from the cryogenic system 10 by the use of this combination.
  • At least one refrigerant circulation loop 12 includes the low-temperature-section refrigerant pipe (the supply-side refrigerant pipe 51 and/or the collection-side refrigerant pipe 53) that is disposed in the low-temperature section 24 of the cryogenic system 10.
  • the amount of heat per unit time to be transferred due to the conduction of heat to the refrigerator stage of the refrigerator 28 from the normal-temperature section 22 of the cryogenic system 10, which is supposed in a case in which the refrigerator 28 does not function, may be in the range of 1/100 to 1/1000 (for example, 1/400 to 1/500) of the amount of heat per unit time that is transferred due to the conduction of heat to the cryogenic cooling unit 20 from the refrigerator stage through the low-temperature-section refrigerant pipe.
  • the case in which the refrigerator 28 does not function means a state in which the operation of the refrigerator 28 is stopped due to a failure or the like and the refrigerator 28 does not perform cooling work.
  • penetration heat which is generated due to the conduction of heat to the cryogenic cooling unit 20 from the refrigerator stage caused by the failure of the refrigerator 28, can be substantially ignored.
  • the material, the length, and the cross-sectional area of the low-temperature-section refrigerant pipe may be designed so that the amount of heat per unit time to be transferred due to the conduction of heat to the refrigerator stage of the refrigerator 28 from the normal-temperature section 22, which is supposed in a case in which the refrigerator does not function, is in the range of 1/100 to 1/1000 (for example, 1/400 to 1/500) of the amount of heat per unit time to be transferred due to the conduction of heat to the cryogenic cooling unit 20 from the refrigerator stage through the low-temperature-section refrigerant pipe.
  • penetration heat which is generated due to the conduction of heat to the cryogenic cooling unit 20 from the refrigerator stage caused by the failure of the refrigerator 28, can be substantially ignored.
  • the supply-side refrigerant pipe 51 and thecollection-side refrigerant pipe 53 are made of, for example, a material that has a thermal conductivity lower than the thermal conductivity of the material of the refrigerator stage . Since the refrigerator stage is usually made of copper, each of the supply-side refrigerant pipe 51 and the collection-side refrigerant pipe 53 may be a pipe made of, for example, stainless steel. Each of the supply-side refrigerant pipe 51 and the collection-side refrigerant pipe 53 may be a flexible pipe. In this case, the transmission of vibration to the cryogenic cooling unit 20 from the refrigerator 28 can be suppressed.
  • Each of the supply-side refrigerant pipe 51 and the collection-side refrigerant pipe 53 is relatively long and is longer than, for example, the length of the refrigerator 28 in an axial direction.
  • the length of each of the supply-side refrigerant pipe 51 and the collection-side refrigerant pipe 53 may be 2 times or more, 5 times or more, or 10 times or more the length of the refrigerator 28 in the axial direction.
  • the length of the refrigerator 28 in the axial direction may be a distance between the surface of a wall of the vacuum vessel 16 on which the refrigerator 28 is mounted and the refrigerator stage (for example, the second-stage refrigerator stage 38) (in other words, a distance between the normal-temperature section 22 and the refrigerator stage) .
  • the axial direction of the refrigerator 28 corresponds to the reciprocating direction of the reciprocating member.
  • the length of each of the supply-side refrigerant pipe 51 and the collection-side refrigerant pipe 53 may be 100 times or less the length of the refrigerator 28 in the axial direction.
  • each of the supply-side refrigerant pipe 51 and the collection-side refrigerant pipe 53 is relatively small and is smaller than, for example, the cross-sectional area of the refrigerator 28.
  • the cross-sectional area of each of the supply-side refrigerant pipe 51 and the collection-side refrigerant pipe 53 may be 1/2 or less, 1/5 or less, or 1/10 or less of the cross-sectional area of the refrigerator 28.
  • the cross-sectional area of the refrigerant pipe means a cross-sectional area perpendicular to the axial direction of the pipe, and is obtained from the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the refrigerant pipe.
  • the cross-sectional area of the refrigerator 28 means a cross-sectional area perpendicular to the axial direction of the refrigerator 28.
  • the cross-sectional area of the refrigerator 28 may be the cross-sectional area of a cylinder member of the cold head (for example, the two-stage cold head 32).
  • the cross-sectional area of the cylinder member is obtained from the inner diameter and the outer diameter of the cylinder member.
  • Each of the supply-side refrigerant pipe 51 and the collection-side refrigerant pipe 53 may be a pipe of which the thickness of a wall is smaller than that of the cylinder member.
  • the cross-sectional area of each of the supply-side refrigerant pipe 51 and the collection-side refrigerant pipe 53 may be 1/100 or more of the cross-sectional area of the refrigerator 28.
  • the on-off valves (V1 andV2) for backflow prevention of the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a to which the circulation pump 26 in which a failure occurs belongs are closed and the supply-side on-off valve V3 for connection and the collection-side on-off valve V4 for connection are opened together.
  • the on-off valves (V5 and V6) for backflow prevention of the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b to which a normal circulation pump 26 belongs are opened.
  • the on-off valves (V5 and V6) for backflow prevention of the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b to which the circulation pump 26 in which a failure occurs belongs are closed and the supply-side on-off valve V3 for connection and the collection-side on-off valve V4 for connection are opened together.
  • the on-off valves (V1 and V2) for backflow prevention of the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a to which a normal circulation pump 26 belongs are opened. These states correspond to the connected state of the connection line 14. In the connected state, the supply-side on-off valve V3 for connection and the collection-side on-off valve V4 for connection are opened.
  • the flow of a refrigerant in the connected state of the connection line 14 is shown in FIG. 3 by arrows.
  • the P2 failure that is, a case in which a failure occurs in the circulation pump 26 of the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b is shown as an example. Accordingly, the circulation pump 26 of the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a is normally operated but the circulation pump 26 of the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b is not operated. As shown in FIG. 3 , the circulation pump 26 of the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a circulates a refrigerant in both the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a and the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b. A refrigerant is circulated in the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a as in the normal state.
  • a refrigerant is supplied to the refrigerant supply line 50 of the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b from the refrigerant supply line 50 of the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a through the supply-side connection flow channel 56.
  • the refrigerant is cooled by the heat exchangers (40 and 44) and the refrigerator stages (36 and 38), is supplied to the cooling-stage heat exchanger 48, and flows out to the refrigerant collection line 52.
  • the refrigerant returns to the refrigerant collection line 52 of the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a from the refrigerant collection line 52 of the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b through the collection-side connection flow channel 58, and is collected to the circulation pump 26 of the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a. Since the on-off valves (V5 and V6) for backflow prevention of the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b are closed, the circulation of the backflow of a refrigerant in the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b in the connected state of the connection line 14 is prevented.
  • the circulation pump 26 of the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b can circulate a refrigerant in both the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a and the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b.
  • the cryogenic system 10 can cool the cryogenic cooling unit 20 by operating the plurality of refrigerant circulation loops 12 using the normal circulation pump 26 of the other refrigerant circulation loop 12. Even though a failure occurs in any circulation pump 26, the cooling operation of the cryogenic system 10 can be continued.
  • the cryogenic system 10 includes the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a, the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b, and the connection line 14 that connects these two refrigerant circulation loops 12.
  • the connection line 14 is adapted to be switchable to the connected state from the unconnected state.
  • the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a and the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b are isolated from each other, the circulation pump 26 of the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a circulates a refrigerant in the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a, and the circulation pump 26 of the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b circulates a refrigerant in the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b.
  • the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a and the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b are connected to each other through the connection line 14 and a refrigerant can be supplied to the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b from the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a or to the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b from the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a.
  • connection line 14 The connected state of the connection line 14 is selected in a case in which a failure occurs in any circulation pump 26, so that the cooling of the cryogenic system 10 can be continued by the other normal circulation pump 26.
  • the refrigerator 28 is not limited to a two-stage Stirling refrigerator, and may be another two-stage mechanical refrigerator, such as a two-stage GM refrigerator or a two-stage pulse tube refrigerator. Further, the refrigerator 28 may be a single-stage mechanical refrigerator, such as a single-stage Stirling refrigerator, a single-stage GM refrigerator, or a single-stage pulse tube refrigerator.
  • the cryogenic system 10 can be expanded for various applications.
  • the cryogenic system 10 includes two refrigerators 28 in the above-mentioned embodiment, but the cryogenic system 10 may include three or more refrigerators 28.
  • each refrigerant circulation loop 12 is provided with one circulation pump 26 and one refrigerator 28 in the above-mentioned embodiment, but the invention is not limited thereto.
  • At least one refrigerant circulation loop may include a plurality of refrigerant circulation sub-loops, each of which includes a mechanical refrigerator.
  • the refrigerant circulation loop is provided with at least one circulation pump that is shared by the plurality of refrigerant circulation sub-loops.
  • the plurality of refrigerant circulation sub-loops may be adapted to be capable of being individually isolated from the circulation pump.
  • FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing another example of the cryogenic system 10 according to the embodiment.
  • FIG. 5 is a table illustrating a relationship between failure modes of the cryogenic system 10 shown in FIG. 4 and the state of a connection line 14.
  • the cryogenic system 10 according to the embodiment exemplified in FIGS. 4 and 5 is common to the cryogenic system 10 exemplified in FIGS. 1 to 3 except that each of the refrigerant circulation loops 12 includes a plurality of refrigerant circulation sub-loops 70.
  • each of the refrigerant circulation loops 12 includes a plurality of refrigerant circulation sub-loops 70.
  • the cryogenic system 10 includes a first refrigerant circulation loop 12a and a second refrigerant circulation loop 12b.
  • a connection line 14 connects the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a to the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b.
  • Each of the refrigerant circulation loops 12 includes a plurality of refrigerant circulation sub-loops 70, that is, a first refrigerant circulation sub-loop 70a and a second refrigerant circulation sub-loop 70b.
  • a circulation pump 26 of each refrigerant circulation loop 12 is shared by the plurality of refrigerant circulation sub-loops 70, and a refrigerant is supplied to both the first refrigerant circulation sub-loop 70a and the second refrigerant circulation sub-loop 70b from the common circulation pump 26. Further, the common circulation pump 26 collects a refrigerant from both the first refrigerant circulation sub-loop 70a and the second refrigerant circulation sub-loop 70b.
  • the cryogenic system 10 includes a total of four refrigerators 28.
  • Each of the refrigerators 28 is a single-stage Stirling refrigerator.
  • Cryogenic cooling units 20 include a plurality of cooling stages, and each of the cooling stages is cooled by the corresponding refrigerant circulation sub-loop 70.
  • Each refrigerator 28 includes a first-stage refrigerator stage 36.
  • Each of the refrigerant circulation sub-loops 70 includes a first heat exchanger 40, a first-stage cooling unit 42, a cooling-stage heat exchanger 48, a refrigerant supply line 50, and a refrigerant collection line 52.
  • the cryogenic system 10 includes eight on-off valves (V11 to V18).
  • the open/closed states of the on-off valves (V11 to V18) in each failure mode are shown in FIG. 5 .
  • the on-off valves (V14 and V15) are on-off valves for connection, and the on-off valves (V11 and V16) are on-off valves for backflow prevention.
  • the remaining on-off valves (V12, V13, V17, and V18) are provided to individually isolate the refrigerant circulation sub-loops 70 from the refrigerant circulation loops 12.
  • the on-off valves (V12 and V13) are disposed between the circulation pump 26 and the supply-side flow channel of the first heat exchanger 40, and the on-off valves (V17 and V18) are disposed between the circulation pump 26 and the supply-side flow channel of the first heat exchanger 40.
  • the on-off valve V12 is provided on the first refrigerant circulation sub-loop 70a of the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a, and is closed in a case in which a failure occurs in the refrigerator 28 of the first refrigerant circulation sub-loop 70a ("ST1 failure" of FIG. 5 ). In this case, since the other on-off valves (V11 and V13) of the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a are opened, the circulation pump 26 of the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a can circulate a refrigerant in the second refrigerant circulation sub-loop 70b of the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a.
  • the on-off valve V13 is provided on the second refrigerant circulation sub-loop 70b of the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a, and is closed in a case in which a failure occurs in the refrigerator 28 of the second refrigerant circulation sub-loop 70b ("ST2 failure" of FIG. 5 ).
  • the on-off valve V17 is provided on the first refrigerant circulation sub-loop 70a of the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b, and is closed in a case in which a failure occurs in the refrigerator 28 of the first refrigerant circulation sub-loop 70a ("ST3 failure" of FIG. 5 ).
  • the on-off valve V18 is provided on the second refrigerant circulation sub-loop 70b of the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b, and is closed in a case in which a failure occurs in the refrigerator 28 of the second refrigerant circulation sub-loop 70b ("ST4 failure" of FIG. 5 ) .
  • connection line 14 The connected state of the connection line 14 is selected by the cryogenic system 10 shown in FIGS. 4 and 5 as well in a case in which a failure occurs in any circulation pump 26, so that the cooling of the cryogenic system 10 can be continued by the other normal circulation pump 26.
  • the corresponding on-off valve (V12, V13, V17, or V18) is closed in a case in which a failure occurs in any refrigerator 28, so that the refrigerant circulation sub-loop 70 to which the refrigerator 28 belongs can be isolated from the cryogenic system 10.
  • the supply-side refrigerant pipe 51 and the collection-side refrigerant pipe 53 are designed so that penetration heat generated due to the conduction of heat to the cryogenic cooling unit 20 from the refrigerator stage (for example, the first-stage refrigerator stage 36) caused by the failure of the refrigerator 28 can be substantially ignored.
  • Thermal connection between the refrigerator 28 in which a failure occurs and the cryogenic cooling unit 20 is limited by a combination of such a design of a low-temperature-section refrigerant pipe and the on-off valves (V12, V13, V17, and V18). The penetration of heat into the cryogenic cooling unit 20 from the refrigerator 28 in which a failure occurs can be suppressed.
  • FIG. 6 is a diagram schematically showing another example of the cryogenic system 10 according to the embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 is a table illustrating a relationship between failure modes of the cryogenic system 10 shown in FIG. 6 and the state of a connection line 14.
  • the states of circulation pumps 26 (P1 to P4) of the respective refrigerant circulation loops 12 are also shown in FIG. 7 .
  • the cryogenic system 10 according to the embodiment exemplified in FIGS. 6 and 7 is common to the cryogenic system 10 exemplified in FIGS. 1 to 3 except that the cryogenic system 10 includes four refrigerant circulation loops 12.
  • the cryogenic systems 10 according to the embodiments will be mainly described and common configuration will be briefly described or the description thereof will be omitted.
  • the cryogenic system 10 includes a first refrigerant circulation loop 12a, a second refrigerant circulation loop 12b, a third refrigerant circulation loop 12c, and a fourth refrigerant circulation loop 12d.
  • Each refrigerant circulation loop 12 is provided with one circulation pump 26 and one refrigerator 28.
  • the refrigerator 28 is a single-stage Stirling refrigerator.
  • the cryogenic system 10 includes a first connection line 14a that connects the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a to the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b, a second connection line 14b that connects the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b to the third refrigerant circulation loop 12c, and a third connection line 14c that connects the third refrigerant circulation loop 12c to the fourth refrigerant circulation loop 12d.
  • the cryogenic system 10 includes ten on-off valves (V21 to V30).
  • the on-off valves (V22 and V23) for connection are provided on the first connection line 14a
  • the on-off valves (V25 and V26) for connection are provided on the second connection line 14b
  • the on-off valves (V28 and V29) for connection are provided on the third connection line 14c.
  • the remaining four on-off valves (V21, V24, V27, and V30) are on-off valves for backflow prevention of the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a, the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b, the third refrigerant circulation loop 12c, and the fourth refrigerant circulation loop 12d, respectively.
  • the open/closed states of the on-off valves (V21 to V30) in each failure mode are shown in FIG. 7 .
  • connection line 14 is selected by the cryogenic system 10 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 as well in a case in which a failure occurs in any circulation pump 26, so that the cooling of the cryogenic system 10 can be continued by the other normal circulation pumps 26.
  • the first connection line 14a is in a connected state (that is, the on-off valves (V22 and V23) for connection are opened) and a refrigerant can be circulated to the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a from the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b.
  • the first connection line 14a is in a connected state (that is, the on-off valves (V22 and V23) for connection are opened) and a refrigerant can be circulated to the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b from the first refrigerant circulation loop 12a.
  • the second connection line 14b is in a connected state (that is, the on-off valves (V25 and V26) for connection are opened) and a refrigerant can also be circulated to the second refrigerant circulation loop 12b from the third refrigerant circulation loop 12c.
  • connection line 14 The connected state of the connection line 14 is selected by the cryogenic system 10 shown in FIGS. 6 and 7 as well in a case in which a failure occurs in any circulation pump 26, so that the cooling of the cryogenic system 10 can be continued by the other normal circulation pumps 26. Further, a refrigerator 28 in which a failure occurs can be thermally isolated from the cryogenic system 10 and the penetration of heat into the cryogenic cooling unit 20 from the refrigerator 28 in which a failure occurs can be suppressed by a combination of a low-temperature-section refrigerant pipe and the circulation pumps 26.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)

Claims (5)

  1. Un système cryogénique (10) comprenant :
    une unité de refroidissement cryogénique (20) ;
    une pluralité de boucles de circulation de fluide frigorigène (12) qui sont adaptées pour refroidir l'unité de refroidissement cryogénique par échange de chaleur entre l'unité de refroidissement cryogénique et un fluide frigorigène, chacune incluant une pompe de circulation (26) faisant circuler le fluide frigorigène et un réfrigérateur mécanique (28) refroidissant le fluide frigorigène ; caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre :
    une conduite de liaison (14) qui relie la pluralité de boucles de circulation de fluide frigorigène (12) pour permettre au fluide frigorigène de circuler,
    dans lequel la conduite de liaison (14) est adaptée pour pouvoir commuter vers un état relié depuis un état non relié, isole la pluralité de boucles de circulation de fluide frigorigène (12) les unes des autres dans l'état non relié de telle sorte que la pompe de circulation (26) de chaque boucle de circulation de fluide frigorigène (12) fait circuler le fluide frigorigène dans la boucle de circulation de fluide frigorigène, et relie la pluralité de boucles de circulation de fluide frigorigène dans l'état relié de telle sorte que la pompe de circulation (26) d'au moins une boucle de circulation de fluide frigorigène fait circuler le fluide frigorigène dans au moins une des autres boucles de circulation de fluide frigorigène également,
    la conduite de liaison (14) inclut un canal d'écoulement de liaison côté alimentation (56) qui relie les conduites d'alimentation en fluide frigorigène (50) de la pluralité de boucles de circulation de fluide frigorigène (12),
    une vanne tout ou rien (V3) destinée à la liaison côté alimentation qui est prévue sur le canal d'écoulement de liaison côté alimentation (56),
    un canal d'écoulement de liaison côté collecte (58) qui relie les conduites de collecte de fluide frigorigène (52) de la pluralité de boucles de circulation de fluide frigorigène, et
    une vanne tout ou rien (V4) destinée à la liaison côté collecte qui est prévue sur le canal d'écoulement de liaison côté collecte (58), et
    chacune de la pluralité de boucles de circulation de fluide frigorigène inclut une vanne tout ou rien (V1, V2, V5, V6) destinée à empêcher le refoulement qui est ouverte dans l'état relié et est fermée dans l'état non relié, dans lequel la vanne tout ou rien (V1, V2, V5, V6) destinée à empêcher le refoulement est prévue sur au moins l'un d'un côté amont ou d'un côté aval de la pompe de circulation (26) de chaque boucle de circulation de fluide frigorigène (12).
  2. Le système cryogénique (10) selon la revendication 1,
    dans lequel la conduite de liaison (14) est disposée dans une section de température normale (22) du système cryogénique.
  3. Le système cryogénique (10) selon la revendication 1,
    dans lequel la vanne tout ou rien (V1, V2, V5, V6) destinée à empêcher le refoulement est disposée dans une section de température normale (22) du système cryogénique.
  4. Le système cryogénique (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3,
    dans lequel au moins une boucle de circulation de fluide frigorigène (12) inclut une pluralité de sous-boucles de circulation de fluide frigorigène (70), chacune incluant le réfrigérateur mécanique (28), et
    la pluralité de sous-boucles de circulation de fluide frigorigène (70) sont aptes à être isolées individuellement des pompes de circulation (26).
  5. Le système cryogénique (10) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4,
    dans lequel au moins une boucle de circulation de fluide frigorigène (12) inclut un tuyau de fluide frigorigène de section basse température (51, 53) qui est disposé dans une section basse température (24) du système cryogénique, et
    la quantité de chaleur par unité de temps devant être transférée du fait de la conduction de chaleur à un étage de réfrigérateur du réfrigérateur mécanique (28) depuis la section de température normale (22) du système cryogénique, qui est supposée dans un cas dans lequel le réfrigérateur mécanique ne fonctionne pas, se situe dans une plage de 1/100 à 1/1000 de la quantité de chaleur par unité de temps devant être transférée du fait de la conduction de chaleur à l'unité de refroidissement cryogénique (20) depuis l'étage de réfrigérateur à travers le tuyau de fluide frigorigène de la section basse température (51, 53).
EP18200885.4A 2017-10-27 2018-10-17 Système cryogénique Active EP3477223B1 (fr)

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JP2021127885A (ja) * 2020-02-17 2021-09-02 住友重機械工業株式会社 極低温システム
IT202100003458A1 (it) * 2021-02-16 2022-08-16 Gran Sasso Science Inst Sistema e metodo per la riduzione delle vibrazioni nei sistemi ad oscillazione di pressione
WO2023145302A1 (fr) * 2022-01-31 2023-08-03 住友重機械工業株式会社 Dispositif de refroidissement cryogénique
US20240118004A1 (en) * 2022-10-07 2024-04-11 Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation Cryocooler with transient thermal storage

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DE19720677C1 (de) * 1997-05-16 1998-10-22 Spectrospin Ag NMR-Meßvorrichtung mit gekühltem Meßkopf
US6679066B1 (en) * 2002-08-16 2004-01-20 Sumitomo Heavy Industries, Ltd. Cryogenic cooling system for superconductive electric machines
US7263845B2 (en) * 2004-09-29 2007-09-04 The Boc Group, Inc. Backup cryogenic refrigeration system
JP6523779B2 (ja) 2015-05-11 2019-06-05 株式会社東芝 極低温冷却装置および極低温冷却方法

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