EP3471875A1 - Speichermaterial und verfahren zur chlorspeicherung - Google Patents
Speichermaterial und verfahren zur chlorspeicherungInfo
- Publication number
- EP3471875A1 EP3471875A1 EP17732074.4A EP17732074A EP3471875A1 EP 3471875 A1 EP3471875 A1 EP 3471875A1 EP 17732074 A EP17732074 A EP 17732074A EP 3471875 A1 EP3471875 A1 EP 3471875A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- chlorine
- storage
- storage material
- gas
- particles
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
- B01J20/10—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate
- B01J20/103—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material comprising silica or silicate comprising silica
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/02—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J20/28004—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J20/28011—Other properties, e.g. density, crush strength
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28057—Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28078—Pore diameter
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28078—Pore diameter
- B01J20/2808—Pore diameter being less than 2 nm, i.e. micropores or nanopores
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28078—Pore diameter
- B01J20/28083—Pore diameter being in the range 2-50 nm, i.e. mesopores
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28054—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their surface properties or porosity
- B01J20/28088—Pore-size distribution
- B01J20/2809—Monomodal or narrow distribution, uniform pores
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B7/00—Halogens; Halogen acids
- C01B7/01—Chlorine; Hydrogen chloride
- C01B7/07—Purification ; Separation
- C01B7/075—Purification ; Separation of liquid chlorine
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/10—Inorganic adsorbents
- B01D2253/106—Silica or silicates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/30—Physical properties of adsorbents
- B01D2253/302—Dimensions
- B01D2253/306—Surface area, e.g. BET-specific surface
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/30—Physical properties of adsorbents
- B01D2253/302—Dimensions
- B01D2253/308—Pore size
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2253/00—Adsorbents used in seperation treatment of gases and vapours
- B01D2253/30—Physical properties of adsorbents
- B01D2253/302—Dimensions
- B01D2253/31—Pore size distribution
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
- B01D2256/10—Nitrogen
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
- B01D2256/12—Oxygen
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
- B01D2256/16—Hydrogen
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2256/00—Main component in the product gas stream after treatment
- B01D2256/18—Noble gases
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2257/00—Components to be removed
- B01D2257/20—Halogens or halogen compounds
- B01D2257/202—Single element halogens
- B01D2257/2025—Chlorine
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2210/00—Purification or separation of specific gases
- C01B2210/0001—Separation or purification processing
- C01B2210/0009—Physical processing
- C01B2210/0014—Physical processing by adsorption in solids
- C01B2210/0015—Physical processing by adsorption in solids characterised by the adsorbent
Definitions
- the invention relates to a new storage material based on nanoporous silica particles for the adsorption of chlorine, the use of this storage material for chlorine recovery and for the liquefaction of chlorine for the purpose of storage, transport 5 and cleaning.
- the invention is based on known storage material based on modified silicas, which have become known for the adsorptive storage of liquid chlorine in the prior art.
- Chlorine is stored for industrial use in liquid form and transported to the respective points of consumption, whereby the transport via pipelines or else above-ground
- the chlorine here is in liquid form at room temperature under elevated pressure of e.g. about 7 bar ago.
- chlorine may be stored at low pressures, but at the same time at very low temperatures in the range of -35 ° C.
- the liquefaction of chlorine is also used in its purification in order to separate impurities that are generated during the production process.
- impurities include other gases such as oxygen, nitrogen or carbon dioxide, which have lower boiling points than the chlorine and thus can be separated via a liquefaction of the chlorine.
- the liquefaction of chlorine are the high energy consumption for the cooling of the chlorine and the so
- chlorine is removed from the process gas by chemical reaction, for example with sodium hydroxide solution, whereby it is no longer present as usable chlorine. It can also be removed by physical absorption with organic solvents, for example with carbon tetrachloride, wherein the chlorine is also no longer directly usable for the chemical process management, because it contains organic impurities. In this case, it would be desirable to be able to recover the chlorine in a simple manner without impurities from the process gas and thus make it usable again for the chemical reaction.
- the object of the present invention is to provide a silica-based storage material for a chlorine storage method which can absorb large amounts of chlorine by adsorption and is easily available. This storage material should also be used to easily isolate and recover chlorine from process gases.
- a specific object of the invention is to provide a storage material which has a significantly higher chlorine absorption capacity than the adsorbents described above (ie at least a capacity of 0.4 g of chlorine per g of storage material) in order to avoid cost disadvantages in the technical realization.
- the storage material must additionally be chemically as well as structurally stable to corrosive chlorine.
- the adsorption of chlorine on this storage material should preferably be reversible in order to make as much chlorine as possible usable again.
- the adsorption and desorption of chlorine on this storage material should in particular be able to proceed faster than known storage material in order to enable a technical application.
- silica in nanoporous form with an open-pore structure in the pore diameter range ⁇ 10 nm, preferably in combination with larger pores having a pore diameter of at least 20 nm, which can be formed, for example, by particle interstices, and a degree of condensation of at least 0.91 outstanding is suitable to absorb chlorine in large quantities.
- this storage material fulfills in particular further criteria such as corrosion resistance to chlorine, reversibility of chlorine adsorption, and rapid adsorption and desorption on a minute scale.
- the invention relates to a porous storage material for the reversible storage of chlorine in the liquid phase based on particles of silicon dioxide, in which the particles have pores with a pore diameter of ⁇ 10 nm, with a maximum in the pore diameter distribution in the range of 1 nm to 8 nm, preferably in the range of 1.5 to 2.5 nm, and the silicon dioxide with a degree of condensation determined by means of 29-silicon solid-state NMR spectroscopy of at least 0.91, preferably of at least 0.94.
- both the loading and the discharge of the new storage material of chlorine have, in particular, a faster kinetics, i. on a minute scale. It was also found that the adsorption kinetics of memory materials, the pores having a maximum of pore distribution in the size range of ⁇ 10 nm in combination with larger pores having a pore diameter of £ .20 nm, is additionally accelerated. These additional larger pores may result from the interparticle spaces that arise when particles having a particle diameter less than 1 ⁇ are present.
- a preferred storage material is characterized in that the silica particles have a particle diameter in the range of 30 nm to 2 ⁇ m, preferably of 100 nm to 1 ⁇ m. In a further preferred embodiment of the invention, the particles have a mean particle diameter in the range from 200 nm to 1 ⁇ m, preferably from 300 nm to 700 nm.
- a particularly preferred embodiment of the storage material comprises silicon dioxide particles which at 0 ° C. and at most 3 bar already have a loading capacity of at least 0.4 g chlorine / g storage material, preferably at least 0.6 g chlorine / g storage material, more preferably at least 1 g chlorine / g storage material have.
- a preferred embodiment of the storage material is specifically characterized in that the storage material for the loading of chlorine for a period of ⁇ 40 min and for the discharge of chlorine for a period of ⁇ 60 min based on 1 g of chlorine per g of material, measured at -26 ° C and 1 bar.
- the silica particles of the previously described storage material are packaged three-dimensionally together to form a storage body.
- a preferred form of the aforementioned storage body is characterized in that the storage body has additional pores with a pore diameter of at least 20 nm, preferably in the range of 20 nm to 2 ⁇ . These additional pores serve as transport pores which facilitate the loading of the material with chlorine to reduce the loading time.
- the storage material according to the invention and the storage bodies according to the invention are expediently used to form a storage system for the reversible storage of chlorine.
- the invention therefore also relates to a storage system for the reversible storage of chlorine in the liquid phase, at least comprising a supply line for a chlorine-containing gas, a derivative for chlorine-containing gas, optionally a derivative of residual gas separated from the chlorine, a thermally insulated pressure vessel, the is filled with a storage material based on silica for the adsorption of chlorine, characterized in that a new storage material described here or a new storage body described here is provided as the storage material.
- the new storage material will also enable a new process for the reversible storage of chlorine in the liquid phase.
- a further subject of the invention is therefore also a process for the reversible storage of chlorine in the liquid phase, which comprises at least the following process steps:
- a chlorine-containing process gas to a storage material which is maintained at a temperature of at most 40 ° C at a pressure of 0.25 bar to 10 bar, then either desorption of the stored chlorine by passing inert gas over the storage material or desorption of the stored chlorine by optionally reducing the pressure over the storage material or by increasing the temperature of the storage material, characterized in that a new storage material described here or a new storage body described here is used as the storage material.
- the new storage method is performed in a new storage system described above.
- the invention also provides the use of porous silicon dioxide material for uptake of chlorine in large quantities (> 0.4 g per g of storage material) under conditions with lower pressures or higher temperatures than the boiling point of chlorine (eg p ⁇ 7 bar at Room temperature or T> -35 ° C at atmospheric pressure), which has at least pores with pore diameters in the size range of ⁇ 10 nm.
- storage materials are used which have pores with pore diameters in the size range of ⁇ 10 nm in combination with larger pores with pore diameters> 20 nm.
- Preferred is the use of the new porous storage material or a new storage body as described above for the adsorption of chlorine with the aim of separating chlorine from process gases containing chlorine.
- the process gas preferably contains, in addition to chlorine, gases such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen or inert gases such as argon and helium. Such gases are not condensable under the storage conditions (storage temperature T> -35 ° C at atmospheric pressure).
- gases such as hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen or inert gases such as argon and helium.
- the process gas consisting of the residual gas of a process for chlorine liquefaction, which contains chlorine, hydrogen and oxygen as main constituents.
- the process gas may preferably also be the gas which is obtained from the catholyte chamber of a HC1 diaphragm electrolysis and contains at least hydrogen and chlorine.
- the process gas is the exhaust gas containing at least oxygen and chlorine from a gas phase oxidation process for reacting hydrogen chloride with oxygen.
- Another preferred subject of the invention is the use of the new porous storage material or a new storage body as described above for the liquefaction of chlorine for the purification, storage or reliable transport of liquid chlorine.
- storage materials are suitable for use in the absorption of chlorine in large quantities under conditions of lower pressure or higher than the boiling point of chlorine (eg p ⁇ 7 bar at room temperature or T> -35 ° C at atmospheric pressure), the degree of condensation of at least 0.91 (as determined by 29-silicon solid-state NMR spectroscopy) and thereby have high chemical and structural resistance to chlorine.
- Other silicon dioxide storage materials with a degree of condensation of at most 0.90 do not have sufficient stability for the use according to the invention, since structural and / or chemical changes can be observed by contact with chlorine.
- Storage material A at -26 ° C, 0 ° C and 30 ° C.
- Storage material A consists of SiCh with a mean pore diameter between 1.4 nm and 3.4 nm, and a particle diameter of about 100 nm to 800 nm.
- FIG. 2 shows the chlorine storage isotherms of the silicon dioxide according to the invention.
- Storage material B at -26 ° C, 0 ° C and 30 ° C.
- Storage material B consists of SiCh with an average pore diameter between 1.8 nm and 3.2 nm, and a particle diameter of about 300 nm to 1 ⁇ .
- Fig. 3 shows the time-dependent chlorine adsorption on the silicon dioxide storage materials A and B according to the invention at -26 ° C.
- Comparative material C shows the time-dependent adsorption of chlorine on a comparison silicon dioxide material C with larger particles than the materials A and B.
- Comparative material C consists of S1O2 with a mean pore diameter between 5.5 nm and 8 nm, and a particle diameter of about 1 ⁇ ⁇ 1.5 ⁇ .
- 5 shows the time-dependent desorption of chlorine from the silicon dioxide storage materials A and B according to the invention at -26.degree.
- Material A consists of SiCh with a mean pore diameter between 1.4 nm and 3.4 nm, and a particle diameter of about 100 nm to 800 nm.
- the preparation was carried out according to the following recipe: While stirring at room temperature, 87.5 ml of ethanol and 70.3 ml of deionized water were mixed with 7.9 ml of aqueous ammonia solution (25% by weight). 2.83 g of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide were added and dissolved by stirring for 10 minutes at room temperature. While stirring, 5.42 g of tetraethylorthosilicate were added rapidly and stirring was continued for 2 h. The resulting colorless solid was separated by centrifugation (10 min at 6000 min -1 ). The solid was redispersed in 40 mL of ethanol and separated by centrifugation (10 min at 6000 min '1 ).
- the solid was then stored for 16 h at 50 ° C in air and then calcined for 15 h at 500 ° C under air.
- Material B The material B consists of S1O2 with a mean pore diameter between 1.8 nm and 3.2 nm, and a particle diameter of about 300 nm to 1 ⁇ .
- the preparation was carried out according to the following formula: While stirring at room temperature, 1.75 g of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide were dissolved in 411.6 ml of deionized water. To the solution was added 31.6 ml of aqueous ammonia solution (25% by weight) and stirred for 20 minutes at room temperature. While stirring, 8.33 g of tetraethyl orthosilicate was added rapidly. It was stirred for 5 h at room temperature. The resulting colorless solid was separated by filtration, washed with 50 mL of water and dried at 105 ° C for 24 h. It was then calcined for 15 h at 500 ° C under air.
- chlorine adsorption isotherms were recorded. To measure the adsorption of chlorine on the material in a magnetic suspension balance, approximately 200 mg of storage material were heated at 2 ⁇ 10 -3 bar and 150 ° C. For defined temperatures and chlorine pressures, the mass increase of the sample was measured, resulting in adsorption isotherms.
- Figure 1 shows the adsorption and desorption isotherms of chlorine on material A at -26 ° C, 0 ° C and 30 ° C.
- Figure 2 shows the adsorption and desorption isotherms of chlorine on material B at -26 ° C, 0 ° C and 30 ° C. Based on the isotherms, it can be seen that the materials have a chlorine storage capacity of more than 1 g of chlorine per 1 g of storage material. Thus, they are clearly superior to those described in the prior art materials with a storage capacity of up to 0.26 g of chlorine per 1 g of material. The storage isotherms also show that considerable chloroadsorption occurs even at low pressures.
- the materials have, for example, at a temperature of 0 ° C and a pressure of 3 bar, a loading of more than 0.4 g of chlorine per 1 g of storage material.
- the loading of chlorine on SiCh materials is in [W.Q. Xiao, Dissertation, Chlorine Adsorption Properties of NaX, NaY, MCM-41, MCM-48 and Mordenite Molecular Sieves, Taiyuan University of Technology, China, 2010] below 0.2g of chlorine per 1g of material.
- the storage materials allow for a liquefaction of chlorine in the pores at a temperature higher than -35 ° C at atmospheric pressure or lower than 6.8 bar at room temperature, which results from comparing the density of the adsorbed chlorine with the densities of liquid and gaseous chlorine can be concluded under the same conditions:
- the density of liquid chlorine under these conditions is 1.38 g / cm 3 , while the density of gaseous chlorine is 0.003 g / cm 3 . Consequently, here too, a large proportion of the adsorbed chlorine is present in liquid form.
- a material C was produced in which the particle diameters are larger. As a result, the number of larger transport pores in relation to the smaller storage pores is significantly reduced.
- Material C C consisting of SiCh with a mean pore diameter between 5.5 nm and 8 nm, and a particle diameter of about 1 ⁇ to 1.5 ⁇ .
- Preparation of material C is carried out analogously [J. At the. Chem. Soc., 1998, 120 (24), pp 6024-6036]: While stirring at room temperature, 4.0 g of poly (ethylene glycol) -block-poly (propylene glycol) -block-poly (ethylene glycol) (M "5800 , Brand name Pluronic P123) in a mixture of 30 mL Water and 130 mL aqueous HCl (2.0 M).
- the diameter of the storage pores was between 5.5 nm and 8 nm, with a maximum of the pore diameter distribution at 6.6 ⁇ 1.0 nm.
- the loading kinetics of the sample C is shown in FIG. Sample C needs at least 20 minutes to reach maximum loading, whereas the maximum load for A and B is approximately 10 minutes. The lower number of transport pores in relation to the storage pores thus leads to a significantly slower material loading in material C.
- the investigation of the desorption kinetics was analogous to the investigation of the adsorption kinetics, whereby the volume fraction of chlorine in the gas stream was reduced from 88.5% by volume to 0% by volume and the time-dependent mass decrease was measured.
- the discharge of the materials A and B corresponds largely to an exponential decrease of the adsorbed chlorine (see FIG. 5). Complete discharge of materials A and B takes place within 20 minutes.
- the material A with a degree of condensation of 0.95 and the material B with a degree of condensation of 0.92 also showed after repeated complete loading and unloading Chlorine no structural changes.
- Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed the absence of chlorine in storage materials A and B after treatment. Thus, irreversible reactions of the storage materials with chlorine during the treatment can be excluded.
- a comparative material D was prepared which has a lower degree of condensation and thus does not possess sufficient chlorine stability.
- Comparative Material D The material D consists of SiCh as airgel with a degree of condensation of 0.90.
- comparative material D At room temperature, 4.0 ml of tetramethylorthosilicate were dissolved in 3.0 ml of methanol. With vigorous stirring, a solution of 2.0 mL of 0.1 M aqueous
- Solvent in the gel replaced by overcoating with acetone.
- the solvent in the gel was exchanged by overlaying with liquid CO2 (62 bar, room temperature). By increasing the temperature to over 40 ° C (p> 80 bar), the CO2 was brought into the supercritical state. Subsequently, the pressure was lowered to about 5 bar / h to normal pressure and removed the material.
- V p pore volume
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Nanotechnology (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
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- Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP16175348 | 2016-06-20 | ||
| PCT/EP2017/064903 WO2017220476A1 (de) | 2016-06-20 | 2017-06-19 | Speichermaterial und verfahren zur chlorspeicherung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3471875A1 true EP3471875A1 (de) | 2019-04-24 |
Family
ID=56235615
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17732074.4A Withdrawn EP3471875A1 (de) | 2016-06-20 | 2017-06-19 | Speichermaterial und verfahren zur chlorspeicherung |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20200306723A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3471875A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN109310987A (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2017220476A1 (de) |
Family Cites Families (7)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US5296017A (en) | 1991-05-28 | 1994-03-22 | Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc. | Method and apparatus for concentrating chlorine gas |
| US5500035A (en) * | 1993-08-09 | 1996-03-19 | Uop | Pressure swing adsorption process for chlorine plant offgas |
| US5376164A (en) | 1993-08-09 | 1994-12-27 | Uop | Pressure swing adsorption process for chlorine plant offgas |
| US5518528A (en) * | 1994-10-13 | 1996-05-21 | Advanced Technology Materials, Inc. | Storage and delivery system for gaseous hydride, halide, and organometallic group V compounds |
| CN1124715A (zh) * | 1994-11-07 | 1996-06-19 | 中国科学院化学研究所 | 一种多孔性二氧化硅微球的制备方法 |
| CN103328382A (zh) * | 2011-01-21 | 2013-09-25 | Dic株式会社 | 多孔质二氧化硅颗粒的制造方法、防反射膜用树脂组合物、具有防反射膜的物品以及防反射薄膜 |
| CN102249248B (zh) * | 2011-06-11 | 2012-10-31 | 中国海洋大学 | 单分散球形介孔二氧化硅纳米材料及制备方法 |
-
2017
- 2017-06-19 US US16/310,877 patent/US20200306723A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-06-19 EP EP17732074.4A patent/EP3471875A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-06-19 CN CN201780038354.7A patent/CN109310987A/zh active Pending
- 2017-06-19 WO PCT/EP2017/064903 patent/WO2017220476A1/de not_active Ceased
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2017220476A1 (de) | 2017-12-28 |
| CN109310987A (zh) | 2019-02-05 |
| US20200306723A1 (en) | 2020-10-01 |
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