EP3470736B1 - Feuerfester stein und ofen - Google Patents

Feuerfester stein und ofen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3470736B1
EP3470736B1 EP18190428.5A EP18190428A EP3470736B1 EP 3470736 B1 EP3470736 B1 EP 3470736B1 EP 18190428 A EP18190428 A EP 18190428A EP 3470736 B1 EP3470736 B1 EP 3470736B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
firebrick
air
stove
combustion chamber
airflow
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP18190428.5A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3470736A1 (de
Inventor
George HUGHES-HALLETT
Alexander WELLS
Richard POCOCK
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AJ Wells & Sons Ltd
Original Assignee
AJ Wells & Sons Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by AJ Wells & Sons Ltd filed Critical AJ Wells & Sons Ltd
Publication of EP3470736A1 publication Critical patent/EP3470736A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3470736B1 publication Critical patent/EP3470736B1/de
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/02—Casings; Linings; Walls characterised by the shape of the bricks or blocks used
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C6/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion
    • F23C6/04—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection
    • F23C6/045—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers or combustion zones, e.g. for staged combustion in series connection with staged combustion in a single enclosure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L9/00—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel 
    • F23L9/04—Passages or apertures for delivering secondary air for completing combustion of fuel  by discharging the air beyond the fire, i.e. nearer the smoke outlet
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M5/00—Casings; Linings; Walls
    • F23M5/02—Casings; Linings; Walls characterised by the shape of the bricks or blocks used
    • F23M5/025—Casings; Linings; Walls characterised by the shape of the bricks or blocks used specially adapted for burner openings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/02—Closed stoves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B5/00—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
    • F24B5/02—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
    • F24B5/021—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves combustion-air circulation
    • F24B5/025—Supply of secondary air for completing combustion of fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B5/00—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
    • F24B5/06—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around ranges
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/06041—Staged supply of oxidant
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M2700/00—Constructional details of combustion chambers
    • F23M2700/005—Structures of combustion chambers or smoke ducts
    • F23M2700/0053—Bricks for combustion chamber walls

Definitions

  • the present invention concerns a firebrick for a stove and a stove.
  • the present invention concerns wood burning or multi-fuel domestic stoves, having an enhanced tertiary air delivery system.
  • Wood burning and multi-fuel stoves have remained a popular method of heating homes.
  • combustion of wood results in the production of several unwanted by-products, such as carbon monoxide and smoke.
  • designs have focussed on increasing efficiency by delivering oxygen to different regions of the stove's combustion chamber using diverted airflows for promoting more complete combustion.
  • a stove's primary airflow is delivered through inlets located at the base of the combustion chamber. This thereby feeds air up through the firebed, allowing for an intense main combustion stage. Nevertheless, a proportion of unburnt particles will remain suspended in the heated combustion gasses as smoke.
  • One method for addressing this is to deliver a secondary airflow as a warmed stream of air for igniting any unburnt particles prior to their exhaustion from the stove. This secondary airflow may also be directed over the inner face of the stove's door as an air wash for keeping a stove's glass window clean.
  • a further air supply is provided to deliver a tertiary airflow from the rear of the combustion chamber to its upper region above the firebed. This is commonly achieved by forming apertures in a firebrick at the back of the combustion chamber, with the additional delivered oxygen enhancing combustion of smoke particles in the heated combustion gases collected at the top of the chamber.
  • GB2503854 discloses a stove and a firebrick for that stove, the firebrick having the features specified in the preamble of claim 1, the stove comprising a firebox defining a combustion chamber in which fuel can be burnt.
  • a first air supply delivers air into the combustion chamber and a second air supply supplies additional air to support combustion of fuel within the combustion chamber.
  • the second air supply means comprises a supply conduit connecting the combustion chamber with an air supply, the supply conduit having a cross section that increases as the supply conduit opens into the combustion chamber.
  • the end of the supply conduit may be frustoconical, stepped or tapered in shape.
  • EP 0 678 184 discloses a stove has a baffle deflector member which is hollow and provides an air supply to the fire box of the stove.
  • the deflector member is adapted to be removed from the fire box easily for repair or replacement.
  • the deflector member has a pattern of air outlet holes around its peripheral edges, and a line of air holes across its middle region. The holes across its middle region are formed and then the metal of the deflector member bent on their line. This gives those holes a non-round tapering cross section which is believed to give an enhanced mixing effect to the stream of air coming from those holes.
  • the large number of air outlets over a large area of the fire box promotes full mixing of the fire box air, and full combustion of the fuel.
  • a firebrick for a stove having a combustion chamber comprising: an air supply path for delivering a tertiary airflow to the combustion chamber, and wherein the air supply path comprises an air mixing formation for inducing swirling in the delivered tertiary airflow for promoting burning of smoke particles in the combustion chamber, characterised in that the air mixing formation is provided by a spiral channel formed integrally into the firebrick for guiding the tertiary airflow.
  • the air mixing formation modifies the airflow through the tertiary air path by imparting a rotational momentum such that the air ejected into the combustion chamber generates a swirling turbulence in the combustion gases.
  • This leads to better mixing of the air and smoke particles as they rise from the firebed, advantageously promoting their combustion and thereby reducing the levels of carbon monoxide and smoke produced.
  • the air supply path thereby provides a duct or ducts through the firebrick for both delivering and mixing the oxygenated air with the combustion gasses to enhance combustion efficiency.
  • the improved combustion effects may be achieved by simply modifying the shape of the firebrick itself, either as part of its casting process or in a subsequent machining operation. As such, expensive modifications to the configuration of air ducts formed in the metal structure of the stove are not required.
  • the tertiary airflow is guided around the spiral as it travels through the air supply path thereby inducing the swirling rotational momentum in the airflow.
  • the width of the material defining the walls between the spiral channel is equal to or greater than the width of the spiral channel.
  • the firebrick material is relatively brittle and overly thin sections may otherwise be prone to breakage; the above arrangement ensures the middle section of the spiral is sufficiently tough to minimise manufacturing defects and avoid damage during handling, installation and use.
  • the air mixing formation extends across a plane defined by a face of the firebrick.
  • the tertiary airflow is directed laterally as it passes through the air supply path. This imparts a lateral component to the movement vector of the airflow, thereby increasing the footprint in the vertical plane occupied by the swirling tertiary air.
  • the air mixing formation comprises a graduated channel depth for guiding the tertiary airflow through the firebrick. In this way, air is funnelled through the airflow channel formed by the mixing formation into the combustion chamber.
  • the delivery of the tertiary airflow may be distributed across the width of the combustion chamber for more uniform combustion.
  • the plurality of air mixing formations may be provided in an array.
  • the plurality of air mixing formations are fed by a manifold formed by a recess in a back face of the firebrick for supplying air to each air mixing formation.
  • the plurality of air mixing formations may be fed by a simple cavity formed by a recess in the firebrick body.
  • the firebrick further comprises a front face for facing a firebed in the combustion chamber, and wherein the air supply path delivers the tertiary airflow from the front face of the firebrick.
  • the air mixing formation is provided on a back face of the firebrick.
  • the air mixing formation funnels air to an outlet provided on a front face of the firebrick for delivering the tertiary airflow.
  • the outlet of the air supply path forms an aperture through the firebrick for allowing fluid communication from the back face to the front face.
  • the air supply path comprises an air outlet for delivering a tertiary airflow to the combustion chamber.
  • the outlet forms an aperture through the firebrick for allowing fluid communication from the back to the front.
  • the tertiary airflow is delivered from an upper portion of the firebrick, above a firebed in the combustion chamber.
  • the air supply path comprises an air inlet for receiving the tertiary airflow from a stove manifold.
  • a stove comprising a firebrick according to any one of the above statements.
  • a stove in which the tertiary air path is modified by the mixing formation to impart a rotational momentum to the flow.
  • the air ejected into the combustion chamber generates a swirling turbulence in the combustion gases, leading to better mixing of the air and smoke particles, promoting their combustion. This reduces the levels of carbon monoxide and smoke produced, and hence enhances combustion efficiency.
  • Figure 1 shows the back face of a firebrick 1 according to an illustrative embodiment of the invention.
  • the firebrick 1 is designed for use as the rear panel of the combustion chamber in a wood burning or multi-fuel stove. As such, together with side, floor and roof panels, the firebrick 1 defines an enclosure, with its front face for facing the firebed within the stove and its back face 2 for backing onto an air duct within the stove.
  • the back face 2 of the firebrick 1 comprises a recess 3 which forms an air delivery manifold for feeding air to a plurality of air feed channels 6 defined by mixing formations 4 provided in an array at the upper boundary of the recess 3.
  • Figure 2 shows an enlarged view of one of the mixing formations 4.
  • the mixing formation 4 is formed integrally into the back face 2 of the firebrick 1, with the air feed channel 6 having a spiral shape that extends laterally across a portion of a plane defined by the back face 2 of the firebrick 1.
  • the spiral shape of the air feed channel 6 is defined by the channel's curved walls 8. A portion of firebrick material forming the inner side wall 8 is thereby provided in the middle of the spiral, partially surrounded by the air feed channel 6.
  • the width of the air feed channel 6 is 5mm, with the width of the firebrick material in the middle of the spiral having an equal width or greater for enhanced toughness.
  • the air feed channel 6 has a graduated base 9 that gets deeper along its length, terminating in an aperture 7 formed at the centre of the spiral.
  • the aperture 7 forms an outlet to the front face of the fire brick.
  • the air feed channel 6 passes through the body of the firebrick 1, and defines an air supply path for funnelling an airflow from its inlet 5 at the top of the recess 3 through to the outlet 7.
  • the spiral configuration induces a rotational momentum for swirling the air delivered from the outlet 7.
  • the patentee has identified that one of the challenges with forming the mixing formation is to ensure that the design is robust enough to minimise manufacturing defects and avoid damage during subsequent handling.
  • overly thin sections of firebrick may be prone to breakage because the firebrick material is relatively brittle.
  • the above described spiral design allows the diameter of formation to be made sufficiently large to maintain the integrity of the material in any protruding sections.
  • the curved shape helps to minimise stress concentrations in the regions where different formations link together, allowing for smooth transitions between the recess 3, the air feed channels 6, and the outlets 7.
  • FIG 3 shows a cross-sectional isometric view of a stove 10 incorporating the firebrick shown in Figure 1 .
  • Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional side view of the same stove 10.
  • the firebrick 1 forms a panel located at the rear of the combustion chamber 11 of the stove 10.
  • the front of the firebrick 1 faces the combustion chamber 11, with the outlets 7 providing a linear array across the width of the firebrick 1 towards the top of the combustion chamber 11.
  • the back face 2 of the firebrick 1 backs onto the rear structure of the stove body, with the recess 3 forming a cavity aligned with the stove's tertiary airflow duct 12.
  • the tertiary airflow duct 12 is connected to the stove's manifold 13 provided at the base of the stove.
  • the manifold 13 is fed by an air inlet 14 provided at the rear of the stove 10. Consequently, an airflow path is established from the stove's manifold 13 through to the outlets 7.
  • an air feed enters the stove manifold 13 and is divided for providing the primary, secondary and tertiary airflows.
  • the tertiary airflow is directed up through tertiary airflow duct 12 to the back face of the firebrick 1, where it rises through the cavity formed by the recess 3 and into the airflow channels 6 defined by the mixing formations 4.
  • the spiral shape of the mixing formation 4 imparts a rotational momentum to the flow, prior to its release through the outlets 7.
  • the tertiary airflow delivered from the outlets 7 into the combustion chamber 11 has a swirling current. This acts to mix the gasses and suspended particulates at the top of the combustion chamber for promoting their more complete combustion.
  • the tertiary airflow is delivered to the combustion chamber 11 above the firebed.
  • Smoke particles produced from the combustion of the fuel, such as burning wood, are thereby further mixed by the swirling turbulence created by the airflow delivered from outlets 7. This promotes the subsequent combustion of these particles with the oxygen provided by the tertiary airflow, and consequently a reduction in the amount of carbon monoxide and smoke produced by the stove.
  • the present invention therefore promotes more efficient combustion by inducing swirling in the tertiary airflow to further improve the mixing of gasses and particulates within the combustion chamber.
  • the air mixing formations 4 could be disposed on the front face of the firebrick, with the formation guiding the airflow for inducing swirling after it exits an outlet aperture in the firebrick.
  • embodiments of the present invention may be provided as a stove incorporating a firebrick with the described mixing formation
  • embodiments of the present invention may also be provided as a firebrick for fitting to an existing stove.
  • a firebrick according to an embodiment of the present invention may be retrofitted since it may utilise the existing air inlet from a conventional stove body's rear air ducts.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Gas Burners (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Ein Schamottestein (1) für einen Ofen (10) mit einer Brennkammer (11), der Schamottestein umfassend:
    Einen Luftzufuhrpfad (6) für die Zuführung eines tertiären Luftstroms in die Brennkammer, wobei der Luftzufuhrpfad (6) eine Luftmischanordnung (4) für das Veranlassen einer Verwirbelung im zugeführten tertiären Luftstrom umfasst, um das Verbrennen von Rauchpartikeln in der Brennkammer (11) zu fördern,
    gekennzeichnet dadurch, dass die Luftmischanordnung (4) von einem Wendelkanal bereitgestellt wird, der in dem Schamottestein (1) gebildet ist, um den tertiären Luftstrom zu leiten.
  2. Ein Schamottestein nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Breite des Materials, das die Wände (8) zwischen dem Wendelkanal (6) definiert, gleich oder größer ist als die Breite des Wendelkanals (6).
  3. Ein Schamottestein nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei sich die Luftmischanordnung (4) über eine Ebene erstreckt, die von einer Seite des Schamottesteins (1) definiert wird.
  4. Ein Schamottestein nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Luftmischanordnung (4) eine abgestufte Kanaltiefe umfasst, um den tertiären Luftstrom durch den Schamottestein (1) zu leiten.
  5. Ein Schamottestein nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei eine Vielzahl an Luftmischanordnungen (4) vorhanden ist.
  6. Ein Schamottestein nach Anspruch 5, wobei die Vielzahl der Luftmischanordnungen (4) über einen Verteiler (13) versorgt werden, der an einer Vertiefung auf einer Rückseite (2) des Schamottesteins (1) gebildet ist, um Luft an jede Luftmischanordnung (4) zu leiten.
  7. Ein Schamottestein nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Schamottestein (1) eine Vorderseite umfasst, die auf ein Feuerbett in der Brennkammer (11) ausgerichtet ist, und
    wobei der Luftzufuhrpfad (6) den tertiären Luftstrom von der Vorderseite des Schamottesteins (1) zuführt.
  8. Ein Schamottestein nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Luftmischanordnung (4) auf einer Rückseite (2) des Schamottesteins (1) bereitgestellt wird.
  9. Ein Schamottestein nach Anspruch 8 in Abhängigkeit von Anspruch 7, wobei die Luftmischanordnung (4) Luft trichterförmig in einen Auslass (7) leitet, der an einer Vorderseite des Schamottesteins (1) für die Zuführung des tertiären Luftstroms vorhanden ist.
  10. Ein Schamottestein nach Anspruch 7 oder Anspruch 8 oder 9, in Abhängigkeit von Anspruch 7, wobei der tertiäre Luftstrom von einem oberen Abschnitt des Schamottesteins (1), über einem Feuerbett in der Brennkammer (11), zugeführt wird.
  11. Ein Schamottestein nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Luftzufuhrpfad (6) einen Lufteinlass (5) umfasst, um den tertiären Luftstrom von einem Ofen-Verteiler (13) zu empfangen.
  12. Ein Ofen (10), der einen Schamottestein (1) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche umfasst.
EP18190428.5A 2017-09-07 2018-08-23 Feuerfester stein und ofen Active EP3470736B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB1714407.2A GB2566290A (en) 2017-09-07 2017-09-07 Firebrick and stove

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3470736A1 EP3470736A1 (de) 2019-04-17
EP3470736B1 true EP3470736B1 (de) 2020-09-30

Family

ID=60117085

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP18190428.5A Active EP3470736B1 (de) 2017-09-07 2018-08-23 Feuerfester stein und ofen

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3470736B1 (de)
GB (1) GB2566290A (de)

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5113843A (en) * 1991-04-01 1992-05-19 Alladin Steel Products Combustion device for stoves and fireplaces
US5263471A (en) * 1992-01-06 1993-11-23 Shimek Ronald J Solid fuel clean burning zero clearance fireplace
GB9300364D0 (en) * 1993-01-09 1993-03-03 Greenall Jonathan Solid fuel heating devices and components for them
GB201312870D0 (en) * 2013-07-18 2013-09-04 Charlton & Jenrick Ltd Fire constructions

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3470736A1 (de) 2019-04-17
GB2566290A (en) 2019-03-13
GB201714407D0 (en) 2017-10-25

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