EP3465009A1 - Fuel nozzle for a gas turbine with radial swirler and axial swirler and gas turbine - Google Patents

Fuel nozzle for a gas turbine with radial swirler and axial swirler and gas turbine

Info

Publication number
EP3465009A1
EP3465009A1 EP17727569.0A EP17727569A EP3465009A1 EP 3465009 A1 EP3465009 A1 EP 3465009A1 EP 17727569 A EP17727569 A EP 17727569A EP 3465009 A1 EP3465009 A1 EP 3465009A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flow
fuel nozzle
swirler
gas turbine
central conduit
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17727569.0A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3465009B1 (en
Inventor
Matteo CERUTTI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nuovo Pignone Technologie SRL
Original Assignee
Nuovo Pignone Technologie SRL
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Nuovo Pignone Technologie SRL filed Critical Nuovo Pignone Technologie SRL
Priority claimed from PCT/EP2017/063044 external-priority patent/WO2017207573A1/en
Publication of EP3465009A1 publication Critical patent/EP3465009A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3465009B1 publication Critical patent/EP3465009B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/286—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply having fuel-air premixing devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/02—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone
    • F23D14/04—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner
    • F23D14/08—Premix gas burners, i.e. in which gaseous fuel is mixed with combustion air upstream of the combustion zone induction type, e.g. Bunsen burner with axial outlets at the burner head
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/46—Details, e.g. noise reduction means
    • F23D14/62—Mixing devices; Mixing tubes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23R—GENERATING COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OF HIGH PRESSURE OR HIGH VELOCITY, e.g. GAS-TURBINE COMBUSTION CHAMBERS
    • F23R3/00—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel
    • F23R3/28—Continuous combustion chambers using liquid or gaseous fuel characterised by the fuel supply
    • F23R3/34—Feeding into different combustion zones
    • F23R3/343—Pilot flames, i.e. fuel nozzles or injectors using only a very small proportion of the total fuel to insure continuous combustion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2206/00—Burners for specific applications
    • F23D2206/10—Turbines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/14—Special features of gas burners
    • F23D2900/14701—Swirling means inside the mixing tube or chamber to improve premixing

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein correspond to fuel nozzles for gas turbines with radial swirler and axial swirler and gas turbines using such nozzles.
  • Stability of the flame and low NOx emission are important features for fuel nozzles of a burner of a gas turbine. This is particularly true in the field of "Oil & Gas” (i.e. machines used in plants for exploration, production, storage, refinement and distribution of oil and/or gas).
  • swirlers are used in the fuel nozzles of gas turbines.
  • a double radial swirler is disclosed, for example, in US2010126176A1.
  • An axial swirler is disclosed, for example, in US2016010856A1.
  • a swirler wherein a radial flow of air and an axial flow of air are combined to form a single flow of air is disclosed, for example, in US4754600; there is a single recirculation zone that can be controlled.
  • both a radial swirler and an axial swirler are integrated in a single fuel nozzle.
  • Recirculation in the combustion chamber may depend on the load of the gas turbine, e.g. low load, intermediate load, high load.
  • recirculation in the combustion chamber may be provided only or mainly by the radial swirler, or only or mainly by the axial swirler, or by both swirlers.
  • First embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein relate to fuel nozzles for gas turbines.
  • a fuel nozzle comprises a radial swirler and an axial swirler; the radial swirler is arranged to swirl a first flow of a first oxidant- fuel mixture and the axial swirler is arranged to swirl a second flow of a second oxidant-fuel mixture.
  • the first flow may be fed by a central conduit and the second flow may be fed by an annular conduit surrounding the central conduit.
  • Second embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein relate to gas turbines.
  • a gas turbine comprises at least one fuel nozzle with a radial swirler and an axial swirler.
  • Fig. 1 shows a partial longitudinal cross-section view of a burner of a gas turbine wherein an embodiment of a fuel nozzle is located
  • Fig. 2 shows a partial longitudinal cross-section view of the nozzle of Fig. 1 ,
  • Fig. 3 shows a front three-dimensional view of the nozzle of Fig. 1 ,
  • Fig. 4 shows a front three-dimensional view of the nozzle of Fig. 1 , transversally cross-sectioned at the radial swirler, and Fig. 5 shows two plots of Wg/Wa ratios of swirlers.
  • Fig. 1 shows a partial longitudinal cross-section view of a burner 10 of a gas turbine 1 wherein an embodiment of a fuel nozzle 100 is located.
  • the burner 10 is annular-shaped, has a axis 1 1 , an internal (e.g. cylindrical) wall 12 and an external (e.g. cylindrical) wall 13.
  • a transversal wall 14 divides a feeding plenum 15 of the burner 10 from a combustion chamber 16 of the burner 10; the feeding plenum 15 is in fluid communication with a discharge chamber of a compressor of the gas turbine 1.
  • the burner 10 comprises a plurality of nozzles 100 arranged in a crown around the axis 1 1 of the burner 10.
  • the wall 14 has a plurality of (e.g. circular) holes wherein a corresponding plurality of (e.g. cylindrical) bodies of the nozzles 100 are fit.
  • each nozzle 100 has a support arm 130, in particular an L-shaped arm, for fixing the nozzle 100, in particular for fixing it to the external wall 13.
  • the nozzle 100 comprises a radial swirler, that is shown schematically in Fig. 1 as element 1 1 1 , and an axial swirler, that is shown schematically in Fig. 1 as element 121B.
  • the axial swirler essentially consists of a set of vanes 121 and the radial swirler essentially consists of a set of channels 1 1 1 ; the vanes 121 develop substantially axially and the channels 1 1 1 develop substantially radially. It is to be noted that, in the embodiment of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 and Fig.
  • each vane has a straight portion 121A and a curved portion 121B (downstream the straight portion 121A); the curved portion 12 IB provides radial swirl to a flowing gas (as explained in the following) and the straight portion 121 A houses a channel 1 1 1 , i.e. is hollow.
  • a body of the nozzle 100 develops in an axial direction, i.e. along an axis 101 , from an inlet side 103 of the nozzle to an outlet side 105 of the nozzle; the body may be, for example, cylindrical-shaped, cone-shaped, prism-shaped or pyramid- shaped.
  • the body of the nozzle 100 comprises a central conduit 1 10 developing in the axial direction 101 and an annular conduit 120 developing in the axial direction 101 around the central conduit 1 10.
  • the annular conduit 120 houses the vanes 121.
  • the channels 1 1 1 start on an outer surface of the body, pass through the straight portions 121 A of the vanes 121 and end in a chamber 1 12 being in a central region of the body; the chamber 1 12 is the start of the central conduit 1 10.
  • the channels 1 1 1 provide axial swirl to a flowing gas (as explained in the following).
  • Inside arm 130 there is at least a first pipe 131 for feeding a first fuel flow Fl to the body of the nozzle 100, in particular to its inlet side 103, and a second pipe 132 for feeding a second fuel flow F2 to the body of the nozzle 100, in particular to its inlet side 103; there may be other pipes, in particular for other fuel flows.
  • the first fuel flow Fl is injected axially into the central conduit 1 10 (this is not shown in Fig. 1 , but only in Fig. 2) and mixes with the first oxidant flow Al ;
  • the second fuel flow F2 is injected radially into the annular conduit 120 (this is not shown in Fig. 1 , but only in Fig. 2) and mixes with the second oxidant flow A2.
  • the channels 1 1 1 are tangential and are arranged to create radially swirling motion in the central conduit 1 10 around the axial direction 101.
  • the first fuel flow Fl enters the chamber 1 12 tangentially and mixes with the first oxidant flow Al so a first flow Al+Fl of a first oxidant-fuel mixture is created with radially swirling motion (in particular in the center of the nozzle body).
  • the first oxidant flow Al and the first fuel flow Fl are components of the first flow Al+Fl .
  • the second oxidant flow A2 enters the annular conduit 120 axially and mixes with the second oxidant flow A2 so a second flow A2+F2 of a second oxidant-fuel mixture is created with axially directed motion.
  • the second oxidant flow A2 and the second fuel flow F2 are components of the second flow A2+F2.
  • Feeding channels 122 are defined between airfoil portions of adjacent swirl vanes 121 and arranged to feed the second flow A2-F2.
  • the second flow A2+F2 flows in the channels 122 first between the straight portions 121 A of the vanes 121 and then between the curved portions 12 IB so a flow with axially swirling motion is created (in particular close to the outlet side 105 of the nozzle body).
  • the central conduit 1 10 is arranged to feed the first flow Al+Fl to the outlet side 105 of the nozzle body and the annular conduit 120 is arranged to feed the second flow A2+F2 to the outlet side 105 of the nozzle body.
  • a first recirculation zone Rl is associated to the radial swirler, and a second recirculation zone R2 is associated to the axial swirler.
  • the second recirculation zone R2 is at least partially downstream the first recirculation zone Rl .
  • the central conduit 1 10 starts with the chamber 1 12, follows with a converging section 1 13 (converging with respect to the axial direction 101), and ends with a diverging section 1 15 (diverging with respect to the axial direction 101).
  • the constricted section after the section 1 13 and before section 1 15, is extremely short.
  • the converging section may correspond to an abrupt (as in Fig. 2) or a gradual cross-section reduction.
  • the diverging section corresponds typically to a gradual cross-section increase.
  • the end of the diverging section 1 15 of the central conduit 1 10 and the end of the annular conduit 120 are axially aligned at the outlet side 105 of the nozzle body.
  • the feeding channels 1 11 end in a region of the central conduit 1 10, in particular in the chamber 1 12, before the converging section 1 13 of the central conduit 1 10.
  • annular pipes that feed the first input fuel flow Fl to the central conduit 1 10 through a first plurality of little (lateral) holes, in particular to the chamber 1 12, and the second input fuel flow F2 to the annular conduit 120 through a second plurality of little (front) holes (see Fig. 4).
  • the nozzle of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 comprises further a pilot injector 140 located in the center of the central conduit 1 10, in particular partially in the chamber 1 12.
  • the pilot injector 140 receives a third fuel flow F3 from a third pipe inside the support arm of the nozzle.
  • the pilot injector 140 is cone-shaped at its end and an internal pipe feed the third fuel flow F3 to its tip.
  • a plurality of little holes at the tip (see Fig. 4) eject the fuel into the central conduit 1 10, in particular into the chamber 1 12, in particular shortly upstream the converging section 1 13.
  • Fig. 5 shows two plots: a first plot (continuous line labelled RAD) is a possible plot of a ratio between fuel gas mass flow rate Wg and oxidant gas (typically air) mass flow rate Wa in the radial swirler, and a second plot (dashed line labelled AX) is a possible plot of a ratio between fuel gas mass flow rate Wg and oxidant gas (typically air) mass flow rate Wa in the axial swirler.
  • AX a second plot of a ratio between fuel gas mass flow rate Wg and oxidant gas (typically air) mass flow rate Wa in the axial swirler.
  • the temperature of a flame is linked to the ratio between fuel gas mass flow rate and oxidant gas mass flow rate.
  • Both plots start from 0 at zero (or approximately zero) load of the gas turbine Lgt. According to this embodiment, for example, both plots end approximately at the same point (the two points are not necessarily identical) at full (or approximately full) load of the gas turbine Lgt. In fact, it may be advantageous that the flame due to the radial swirler and the flame due to the axial swirler are approximately at the same temperature.
  • the axial ratio is rather constant and approximately zero between 0% of load of the gas turbine and 30% of load of the gas turbine.
  • the axial ratio is rather constant (to be precise, slowly decreasing) between 50% of load of the gas turbine and 100% of load of the gas turbine.
  • the radial ratio gradually increases between 0%> of load of the gas turbine and 30%> of load of the gas turbine.
  • the radial ratio gradually increases between 50%> of load of the gas turbine and 100% of load of the gas turbine.
  • the radial ratio drastically decreases between 30%> of load of the gas turbine and 50%> of load of the gas turbine.
  • the axial ratio drastically increases between 30%> of load of the gas turbine and 50%> of load of the gas turbine.
  • the fuel gas mass flow rate in the radial swirler, in the axial swirler or in both swirlers may be controlled through a control system comprising for example a controlled valve or controlled movable diaphragm.
  • the oxidant gas mass flow rate in the radial swirler, in the axial swirler or in both swirlers may be controlled through a control system for example a controlled valve or controlled movable diaphragm.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)

Abstract

The fuel nozzle (1) for the gas turbine (1) comprises a radial swirler (111) and an axial swirler (121). The radial swirler (111) is arranged to swirl a first flow (A1+F1) of a first oxidant-fuel mixture and the axial swirler (121) is arranged to swirl a second flow (A2+F2) of a second oxidant-fuel mixture. The first flow (A1+F1) may be fed by a central conduit (110) and the second flow (A2+F2) may be fed by an annular conduit (120) surrounding the central conduit (110).

Description

FUEL NOZZLE FOR A GAS TURBINE WITH RADIAL SWIRLER AND AXIAL SWIRLER AND GAS TURBINE
TECHNICAL FIELD
Embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein correspond to fuel nozzles for gas turbines with radial swirler and axial swirler and gas turbines using such nozzles.
BACKGROUND ART
Stability of the flame and low NOx emission are important features for fuel nozzles of a burner of a gas turbine. This is particularly true in the field of "Oil & Gas" (i.e. machines used in plants for exploration, production, storage, refinement and distribution of oil and/or gas).
For this purpose, swirlers are used in the fuel nozzles of gas turbines.
A double radial swirler is disclosed, for example, in US2010126176A1.
An axial swirler is disclosed, for example, in US2016010856A1. A swirler wherein a radial flow of air and an axial flow of air are combined to form a single flow of air is disclosed, for example, in US4754600; there is a single recirculation zone that can be controlled.
SUMMARY
In order to achieve this goal, both a radial swirler and an axial swirler are integrated in a single fuel nozzle.
Recirculation in the combustion chamber, that is a stabilization mechanism, may depend on the load of the gas turbine, e.g. low load, intermediate load, high load. Depending of the load of the gas turbine, recirculation in the combustion chamber may be provided only or mainly by the radial swirler, or only or mainly by the axial swirler, or by both swirlers.
First embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein relate to fuel nozzles for gas turbines.
According to such first embodiments, a fuel nozzle comprises a radial swirler and an axial swirler; the radial swirler is arranged to swirl a first flow of a first oxidant- fuel mixture and the axial swirler is arranged to swirl a second flow of a second oxidant-fuel mixture. The first flow may be fed by a central conduit and the second flow may be fed by an annular conduit surrounding the central conduit.
Second embodiments of the subject matter disclosed herein relate to gas turbines.
According to such second embodiments, a gas turbine comprises at least one fuel nozzle with a radial swirler and an axial swirler.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and constitute an integral part of the present specification, illustrate exemplary embodiments of the present invention and, together with the detailed description, explain these embodiments. In the drawings:
Fig. 1 shows a partial longitudinal cross-section view of a burner of a gas turbine wherein an embodiment of a fuel nozzle is located,
Fig. 2 shows a partial longitudinal cross-section view of the nozzle of Fig. 1 ,
Fig. 3 shows a front three-dimensional view of the nozzle of Fig. 1 ,
Fig. 4 shows a front three-dimensional view of the nozzle of Fig. 1 , transversally cross-sectioned at the radial swirler, and Fig. 5 shows two plots of Wg/Wa ratios of swirlers. DETAILED DESCRIPTION
The following description of exemplary embodiments refers to the accompanying drawings.
The following description does not limit the invention. Instead, the scope of the invention is defined by the appended claims.
Reference throughout the specification to "one embodiment" or "an embodiment" means that a particular feature, structure, or characteristic described in connection with an embodiment is included in at least one embodiment of the subject matter disclosed. Thus, the appearance of the phrases "in one embodiment" or "in an embodiment" in various places throughout the specification is not necessarily referring to the same embodiment. Further, the particular features, structures or characteristics may be combined in any suitable manner in one or more embodiments.
Fig. 1 shows a partial longitudinal cross-section view of a burner 10 of a gas turbine 1 wherein an embodiment of a fuel nozzle 100 is located.
The burner 10 is annular-shaped, has a axis 1 1 , an internal (e.g. cylindrical) wall 12 and an external (e.g. cylindrical) wall 13. A transversal wall 14 divides a feeding plenum 15 of the burner 10 from a combustion chamber 16 of the burner 10; the feeding plenum 15 is in fluid communication with a discharge chamber of a compressor of the gas turbine 1. The burner 10 comprises a plurality of nozzles 100 arranged in a crown around the axis 1 1 of the burner 10. The wall 14 has a plurality of (e.g. circular) holes wherein a corresponding plurality of (e.g. cylindrical) bodies of the nozzles 100 are fit. Furthermore, each nozzle 100 has a support arm 130, in particular an L-shaped arm, for fixing the nozzle 100, in particular for fixing it to the external wall 13.
The nozzle 100 comprises a radial swirler, that is shown schematically in Fig. 1 as element 1 1 1 , and an axial swirler, that is shown schematically in Fig. 1 as element 121B. As it will be described better with the help of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, the axial swirler essentially consists of a set of vanes 121 and the radial swirler essentially consists of a set of channels 1 1 1 ; the vanes 121 develop substantially axially and the channels 1 1 1 develop substantially radially. It is to be noted that, in the embodiment of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 and Fig. 4, each vane has a straight portion 121A and a curved portion 121B (downstream the straight portion 121A); the curved portion 12 IB provides radial swirl to a flowing gas (as explained in the following) and the straight portion 121 A houses a channel 1 1 1 , i.e. is hollow.
A body of the nozzle 100 develops in an axial direction, i.e. along an axis 101 , from an inlet side 103 of the nozzle to an outlet side 105 of the nozzle; the body may be, for example, cylindrical-shaped, cone-shaped, prism-shaped or pyramid- shaped.
The body of the nozzle 100 comprises a central conduit 1 10 developing in the axial direction 101 and an annular conduit 120 developing in the axial direction 101 around the central conduit 1 10. The annular conduit 120 houses the vanes 121. The channels 1 1 1 start on an outer surface of the body, pass through the straight portions 121 A of the vanes 121 and end in a chamber 1 12 being in a central region of the body; the chamber 1 12 is the start of the central conduit 1 10. The channels 1 1 1 provide axial swirl to a flowing gas (as explained in the following).
Inside arm 130 there is at least a first pipe 131 for feeding a first fuel flow Fl to the body of the nozzle 100, in particular to its inlet side 103, and a second pipe 132 for feeding a second fuel flow F2 to the body of the nozzle 100, in particular to its inlet side 103; there may be other pipes, in particular for other fuel flows.
A first flow Al of oxidant, in particular air, enters the central conduit 1 10 from the plenum 15 (in particular from the lateral side of the nozzle body through channels 1 1 1); a second flow A2 of oxidant, in particular air, enters the annular conduit 120 from the plenum 15 (in particular from the inlet side 103 of the nozzle body).
The first fuel flow Fl is injected axially into the central conduit 1 10 (this is not shown in Fig. 1 , but only in Fig. 2) and mixes with the first oxidant flow Al ; the second fuel flow F2 is injected radially into the annular conduit 120 (this is not shown in Fig. 1 , but only in Fig. 2) and mixes with the second oxidant flow A2.
The channels 1 1 1 are tangential and are arranged to create radially swirling motion in the central conduit 1 10 around the axial direction 101. The first fuel flow Fl enters the chamber 1 12 tangentially and mixes with the first oxidant flow Al so a first flow Al+Fl of a first oxidant-fuel mixture is created with radially swirling motion (in particular in the center of the nozzle body). The first oxidant flow Al and the first fuel flow Fl are components of the first flow Al+Fl .
The second oxidant flow A2 enters the annular conduit 120 axially and mixes with the second oxidant flow A2 so a second flow A2+F2 of a second oxidant-fuel mixture is created with axially directed motion. The second oxidant flow A2 and the second fuel flow F2 are components of the second flow A2+F2. Feeding channels 122 are defined between airfoil portions of adjacent swirl vanes 121 and arranged to feed the second flow A2-F2. The second flow A2+F2 flows in the channels 122 first between the straight portions 121 A of the vanes 121 and then between the curved portions 12 IB so a flow with axially swirling motion is created (in particular close to the outlet side 105 of the nozzle body).
The central conduit 1 10 is arranged to feed the first flow Al+Fl to the outlet side 105 of the nozzle body and the annular conduit 120 is arranged to feed the second flow A2+F2 to the outlet side 105 of the nozzle body.
A first recirculation zone Rl is associated to the radial swirler, and a second recirculation zone R2 is associated to the axial swirler. In the embodiments of the figures, the second recirculation zone R2 is at least partially downstream the first recirculation zone Rl . With reference to Fig. 2, the central conduit 1 10 starts with the chamber 1 12, follows with a converging section 1 13 (converging with respect to the axial direction 101), and ends with a diverging section 1 15 (diverging with respect to the axial direction 101). In Fig. 2, the constricted section, after the section 1 13 and before section 1 15, is extremely short. The converging section may correspond to an abrupt (as in Fig. 2) or a gradual cross-section reduction. The diverging section corresponds typically to a gradual cross-section increase.
In the embodiment of Fig. 2, the end of the diverging section 1 15 of the central conduit 1 10 and the end of the annular conduit 120 are axially aligned at the outlet side 105 of the nozzle body.
In the embodiment of Fig. 2, the feeding channels 1 11 end in a region of the central conduit 1 10, in particular in the chamber 1 12, before the converging section 1 13 of the central conduit 1 10.
As can be seen in Fig. 2, inside the nozzle body, there are annular pipes that feed the first input fuel flow Fl to the central conduit 1 10 through a first plurality of little (lateral) holes, in particular to the chamber 1 12, and the second input fuel flow F2 to the annular conduit 120 through a second plurality of little (front) holes (see Fig. 4).
The nozzle of Fig. 2 and Fig. 3 and Fig. 4 comprises further a pilot injector 140 located in the center of the central conduit 1 10, in particular partially in the chamber 1 12. The pilot injector 140 receives a third fuel flow F3 from a third pipe inside the support arm of the nozzle. The pilot injector 140 is cone-shaped at its end and an internal pipe feed the third fuel flow F3 to its tip. A plurality of little holes at the tip (see Fig. 4) eject the fuel into the central conduit 1 10, in particular into the chamber 1 12, in particular shortly upstream the converging section 1 13.
Fig. 5 shows two plots: a first plot (continuous line labelled RAD) is a possible plot of a ratio between fuel gas mass flow rate Wg and oxidant gas (typically air) mass flow rate Wa in the radial swirler, and a second plot (dashed line labelled AX) is a possible plot of a ratio between fuel gas mass flow rate Wg and oxidant gas (typically air) mass flow rate Wa in the axial swirler. As it is known, the temperature of a flame is linked to the ratio between fuel gas mass flow rate and oxidant gas mass flow rate.
Both plots start from 0 at zero (or approximately zero) load of the gas turbine Lgt. According to this embodiment, for example, both plots end approximately at the same point (the two points are not necessarily identical) at full (or approximately full) load of the gas turbine Lgt. In fact, it may be advantageous that the flame due to the radial swirler and the flame due to the axial swirler are approximately at the same temperature.
According to this embodiment, for example, the axial ratio is rather constant and approximately zero between 0% of load of the gas turbine and 30% of load of the gas turbine.
According to this embodiment, for example, the axial ratio is rather constant (to be precise, slowly decreasing) between 50% of load of the gas turbine and 100% of load of the gas turbine.
According to this embodiment, for example, the radial ratio gradually increases between 0%> of load of the gas turbine and 30%> of load of the gas turbine.
According to this embodiment, for example, the radial ratio gradually increases between 50%> of load of the gas turbine and 100% of load of the gas turbine.
According to this embodiment, for example, the radial ratio drastically decreases between 30%> of load of the gas turbine and 50%> of load of the gas turbine.
According to this embodiment, for example, the axial ratio drastically increases between 30%> of load of the gas turbine and 50%> of load of the gas turbine. The fuel gas mass flow rate in the radial swirler, in the axial swirler or in both swirlers may be controlled through a control system comprising for example a controlled valve or controlled movable diaphragm.
The oxidant gas mass flow rate in the radial swirler, in the axial swirler or in both swirlers may be controlled through a control system for example a controlled valve or controlled movable diaphragm.

Claims

CLAIMS :
1. A fuel nozzle (100) for a gas turbine (1) comprising a radial swirler (1 1 1) and an axial swirler (121), wherein the radial swirler (1 1 1) is arranged to swirl a first flow (Al+Fl) of a first oxidant-fuel mixture and the axial swirler (121) is arranged to swirl a second flow (A2+F2) of a second oxidant-fuel mixture.
2. The fuel nozzle (100) of claim 1 , wherein a first recirculation zone (Rl) is associated to the radial swirler (1 1 1), wherein a second recirculation zone (R2) is associated to the axial swirler (121), and wherein the second recirculation zone (R2) is at least partially downstream the first recirculation zone (Rl).
3. The fuel nozzle (100) of claim 1 or 2, developing in an axial direction (101) from an inlet side (103) to an outlet side (105), comprising a central conduit (1 10) developing in the axial direction (101) and an annular conduit (120) developing in the axial direction (101) around the central conduit (1 10), wherein the central conduit (1 10) is arranged to feed the first flow (Al+Fl) and the annular conduit (120) is arranged to feed the second flow (A2+F2).
4. The fuel nozzle (100) of claim 3, wherein the annular conduit (120) comprises a plurality of swirl vanes (121) arranged to axially swirl the second flow (A2+F2).
5. The fuel nozzle (100) of claim 4, wherein the swirl vanes (121) are hollow and are arranged to feed a first component (Al) of the first flow (Al+Fl) radially to the central conduit (1 10).
6. The fuel nozzle (100) of any preceding claim, wherein first feeding channels (1 1 1) are located inside the swirl vanes (121) and arranged to feed the first component (Al), wherein the first feeding channels (1 1 1) are tangential so to create radially swirling motion in the central conduit (1 10) around the axial direction (101).
7. The fuel nozzle (100) of claim 6, being arranged to inject a second component (Fl) of the first flow (Al+Fl) to the central conduit (1 10) and mix it with the first component (Al) thereby obtaining the first flow (Al+Fl) with radially swirling motion.
8. The fuel nozzle (100) of any of claims 3 to 7, wherein the central conduit (1 10) has a converging section (1 13) and a diverging section (1 15) following the converging section (1 13).
9. The fuel nozzle (100) of any of claims from 4 to 8, wherein second feeding channels (122) are defined between airfoil portions of adjacent swirl vanes (121) and arranged to feed the second flow (A2-F2).
10. The fuel nozzle (100) of claim 9, being arranged to mix a first component (A2) and a second component (F2) of the second flow (A2+F2) in the annular conduit (120) upstream the swirl vanes (121).
1 1. The fuel nozzle (100) of claim 9 or 10, wherein the swirl vanes (121) comprise first portions (121 A) being essentially straight and second portions (12 IB) being curved, the second portions (12 IB) being located downstream the first portions (121 A) and arranged to axially swirl the second flow (A2+F2).
12. The fuel nozzle (100) of claim 1 1 , wherein the first feeding channels (1 1 1) are located inside the first portions (121 A) of the swirl vanes (121).
13. The fuel nozzle (100) of any of claims from 3 to 12, comprising further a pilot injector (140) located in the center of the central conduit (1 10).
14. A gas turbine (1) comprising at least one fuel nozzle (100) according to any of claims from 1 to 13.
EP17727569.0A 2016-05-31 2017-05-30 Fuel nozzle for a gas turbine with radial swirler and axial swirler and gas turbine Active EP3465009B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ITUB20163988 2016-05-31
PCT/EP2017/063044 WO2017207573A1 (en) 2016-05-31 2017-05-30 Fuel nozzle for a gas turbine with radial swirler and axial swirler and gas turbine

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EP3465009A1 true EP3465009A1 (en) 2019-04-10
EP3465009B1 EP3465009B1 (en) 2022-07-20

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111023152A (en) * 2019-12-18 2020-04-17 西安航天动力研究所 Rectification and injection integrated device and ramjet engine using same
GB2578823A (en) * 2018-10-18 2020-05-27 Man Energy Solutions Se Combustion chamber of a gas turbine, gas turbine and method for operating the same

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20020162333A1 (en) * 2001-05-02 2002-11-07 Honeywell International, Inc., Law Dept. Ab2 Partial premix dual circuit fuel injector

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2578823A (en) * 2018-10-18 2020-05-27 Man Energy Solutions Se Combustion chamber of a gas turbine, gas turbine and method for operating the same
GB2578823B (en) * 2018-10-18 2021-11-03 Man Energy Solutions Se Dual fuel combustion chamber of a gas turbine
CN111023152A (en) * 2019-12-18 2020-04-17 西安航天动力研究所 Rectification and injection integrated device and ramjet engine using same
CN111023152B (en) * 2019-12-18 2021-03-09 西安航天动力研究所 Rectification and injection integrated device and ramjet engine using same

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