EP3464675A1 - Procede de depot de couches minces - Google Patents
Procede de depot de couches mincesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3464675A1 EP3464675A1 EP17730864.0A EP17730864A EP3464675A1 EP 3464675 A1 EP3464675 A1 EP 3464675A1 EP 17730864 A EP17730864 A EP 17730864A EP 3464675 A1 EP3464675 A1 EP 3464675A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- layer
- titanium
- thickness
- substrate
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000005137 deposition process Methods 0.000 title 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 69
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 62
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000001699 photocatalysis Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 34
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 34
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 104
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 7
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000013532 laser treatment Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002346 layers by function Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000013307 optical fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000031700 light absorption Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000906 Bronze Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006124 Pilkington process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004616 Pyrometry Methods 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000010974 bronze Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 1
- KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N copper tin Chemical compound [Cu].[Sn] KUNSUQLRTQLHQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000032798 delamination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003298 dental enamel Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002241 glass-ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005340 laminated glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006060 molten glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920003229 poly(methyl methacrylate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004926 polymethyl methacrylate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;oxocalcium;hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+].[Ca]=O HUAUNKAZQWMVFY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000007669 thermal treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007736 thin film deposition technique Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/22—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the process of coating
- C23C14/56—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating; Arrangements for maintaining the vacuum, e.g. vacuum locks
- C23C14/562—Apparatus specially adapted for continuous coating; Arrangements for maintaining the vacuum, e.g. vacuum locks for coating elongated substrates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/001—General methods for coating; Devices therefor
- C03C17/002—General methods for coating; Devices therefor for flat glass, e.g. float glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3639—Multilayers containing at least two functional metal layers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3649—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer made of metals other than silver
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
- C23C14/18—Metallic material, boron or silicon on other inorganic substrates
- C23C14/185—Metallic material, boron or silicon on other inorganic substrates by cathodic sputtering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/06—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material characterised by the coating material
- C23C14/14—Metallic material, boron or silicon
- C23C14/20—Metallic material, boron or silicon on organic substrates
- C23C14/205—Metallic material, boron or silicon on organic substrates by cathodic sputtering
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/58—After-treatment
- C23C14/5806—Thermal treatment
- C23C14/5813—Thermal treatment using lasers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/58—After-treatment
- C23C14/5846—Reactive treatment
- C23C14/5853—Oxidation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/34—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates
- C23C28/345—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer
- C23C28/3455—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one inorganic non-metallic material layer, e.g. metal carbide, nitride, boride, silicide layer and their mixtures, enamels, phosphates and sulphates with at least one oxide layer with a refractory ceramic layer, e.g. refractory metal oxide, ZrO2, rare earth oxides or a thermal barrier system comprising at least one refractory oxide layer
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B1/00—Optical elements characterised by the material of which they are made; Optical coatings for optical elements
- G02B1/10—Optical coatings produced by application to, or surface treatment of, optical elements
- G02B1/18—Coatings for keeping optical surfaces clean, e.g. hydrophobic or photo-catalytic films
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
- G02B27/0006—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00 with means to keep optical surfaces clean, e.g. by preventing or removing dirt, stains, contamination, condensation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/36—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal
- C03C17/3602—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer
- C03C17/3689—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions at least one coating being a metal the metal being present as a layer one oxide layer being obtained by oxidation of a metallic layer
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/70—Properties of coatings
- C03C2217/71—Photocatalytic coatings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
- C03C2218/10—Deposition methods
- C03C2218/15—Deposition methods from the vapour phase
- C03C2218/154—Deposition methods from the vapour phase by sputtering
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2218/00—Methods for coating glass
- C03C2218/30—Aspects of methods for coating glass not covered above
- C03C2218/32—After-treatment
- C03C2218/322—Oxidation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C14/00—Coating by vacuum evaporation, by sputtering or by ion implantation of the coating forming material
- C23C14/02—Pretreatment of the material to be coated
- C23C14/024—Deposition of sublayers, e.g. to promote adhesion of the coating
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C28/00—Coating for obtaining at least two superposed coatings either by methods not provided for in a single one of groups C23C2/00 - C23C26/00 or by combinations of methods provided for in subclasses C23C and C25C or C25D
- C23C28/30—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer
- C23C28/32—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer
- C23C28/322—Coatings combining at least one metallic layer and at least one inorganic non-metallic layer including at least one pure metallic layer only coatings of metal elements only
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for obtaining a material comprising a substrate coated with a photocatalytic coating and to the substrate coated with a photocatalytic coating thus obtained.
- a plasma is created under a high vacuum near a target comprising the chemical elements to be deposited.
- the active species of the plasma by bombarding the target, tear off said elements, which are deposited on the substrate forming the desired thin layer.
- This process is called "reactive" when the layer consists of a material resulting from a chemical reaction between the elements torn from the target and the gas contained in the plasma.
- the major advantage of this method lies in the ability to deposit on the same line a very complex stack of layers by successively scrolling the substrate under different targets, usually in a single device.
- the deposition rate of the oxide layers such as titanium oxide, which is generally much lower than the deposition rate of metals, however, limits the production rates, which increases the production cost of the stacks comprising layers of metal.
- oxide deposited by sputtering The application WO 2011/039488 describes a thin-film deposition method comprising a step of deposition of an intermediate layer of metal, nitride or carbide and a step of oxidation of this intermediate layer by means of a heat treatment. fast, especially by laser radiation. This process makes it possible to obtain metal oxide layers with higher production rates.
- a laser treatment as described in WO 2011/039488 makes it possible to heat thin coatings at high temperatures, of the order of several hundred degrees, while preserving the underlying substrate.
- the treatment speeds are of course preferably the highest possible, advantageously at least several meters per minute.
- large substrates at high speed such as flat jumbo-size glass sheets (6 mx 3.21 m) emerging from float processes, it is necessary to have laser lines themselves. very long (> 3m). Since the manufacture of monolithic optics making it possible to obtain a single laser line is not conceivable for such lengths, elementary laser lines of smaller dimensions (a few tens of centimeters) are generally combined with one another to form a sufficiently laser line long.
- the metal layers to be oxidized during the laser treatment must generally have a minimum thickness to achieve, after oxidation, the desired product specifications.
- a titanium layer to have, once oxidized, the desired photocatalytic and optical properties, it advantageously has a thickness before oxidation of at least 5 nm. It is then difficult to achieve a complete and / or homogeneous oxidation of this layer, especially at high speeds of scrolling.
- the variations in intensity of the laser can indeed cause oxidation differences in certain areas, in particular to the overlapping areas of the elementary laser lines.
- switching particularly exacerbated at high processing speeds, can cause visible defects on the final product, such as inhomogeneous bands on the length of the substrate, which are not acceptable from the aesthetic point of view.
- the high processing speeds desired from the point of view of the cost of production may result in incomplete oxidation of the layer to be treated, which has the effect of increasing the residual light absorption of the coating after treatment.
- the present invention aims to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks.
- the Applicant has demonstrated that it was possible to improve the oxidation of a titanium layer by laser treatment, in particular at high processing speeds, by separating the layer to be treated into two layers of thick titanium. total equivalent separated by an at least partially oxidized titanium layer.
- the present invention relates to a process for obtaining a material comprising a substrate coated with a photocatalytic coating, said process comprising:
- a step of depositing on said substrate a stack of thin layers successively comprising a first metal titanium layer having a thickness of 1 to 3 nm, an intermediate layer of at least partially oxidized titanium having a thickness of 0.5 to 5 nm and a second layer of metallic titanium having a thickness of 2 to 5 nm; and
- the method according to the invention makes it possible to reduce the stitching phenomena and / or the residual light absorption, in particular at high processing speeds, typically greater than 2 m / min, or even greater than 3 m / min, or even greater than 4 m / min or more than 5 m / min.
- the presence of an intermediate layer partially oxidized between the two metal layers allows a more complete oxidation and / or more homogeneous metal layers.
- the method according to the invention comprises a first step of depositing on a substrate a stack of thin layers comprising an intermediate layer of titanium at least partially oxidized between two layers of metallic titanium.
- the metallic titanium layers are in direct contact with the at least partially oxidized titanium interlayer.
- the first layer of metallic titanium can be in direct contact with the substrate.
- other layers such as an alkali barrier layer, for example based on silicon oxide, may be deposited between the substrate and the first metal titanium layer.
- no other layer is deposited on the second layer of titanium metal so that the photocatalytic layer of titanium oxide obtained at the end of the process according to the invention is the last layer of the coating in contact with the atmosphere.
- the substrate is preferably a sheet of glass, glass-ceramic, or polymeric organic material. It is preferably transparent, colorless (it is then a clear or extra-clear glass) or colored, for example blue, green, gray or bronze.
- the glass is preferably of the silico-soda-lime type, but it may also be of borosilicate or alumino-borosilicate type glass.
- Preferred polymeric organic materials are polycarbonate or polymethylmethacrylate or polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- the substrate advantageously has at least one dimension greater than or equal to 1 m, or even 2 m and even 3 m.
- the thickness of the substrate generally varies between 0.5 mm and 19 mm, preferably between 0.7 and 9 mm, in particular between 2 and 8 mm, or even between 4 and 6 mm.
- the substrate may be flat or curved, or even flexible.
- the glass substrate is preferably of the float type, that is to say likely to have been obtained by a process of pouring the molten glass on a bath of molten tin ("float" bath).
- the layer to be treated may be deposited on the "tin” side as well as on the "atmosphere” side of the substrate.
- the term "atmosphere” and “tin” faces means the faces of the substrate having respectively been in contact with the atmosphere prevailing in the float bath and in contact with molten tin.
- the tin side contains a small surface amount of tin that has diffused into the glass structure.
- the glass substrate can also be obtained by rolling between two rollers, a technique which makes it possible in particular to print patterns on the surface of the glass.
- the first and second layers of metallic titanium are deposited by sputtering.
- Deposition of metal layers has the advantage of allowing very high deposition rates compared to an oxide layer deposition.
- the intermediate layer may also be deposited by sputtering. As this layer has a very small thickness, the production speed of the stack will be only slightly impacted by the deposition of the oxidized titanium layer.
- the intermediate layer may also be obtained by partial oxidation of the first metal titanium layer, for example by exposing the substrate to air or to an oxidizing plasma after the deposition of the first layer of metallic titanium.
- the first metal titanium layer has a thickness of 1 to 3 nm, preferably 1 to 2 nm, and the second metal titanium layer has a thickness of 2 to 5 nm, preferably 2 to 4 nm.
- a first layer of metallic titanium too thick induces indeed a significant delamination of the coating during the heat treatment.
- a second layer of too thick metal titanium can affect the effectiveness of the oxidation of the first layer of metallic titanium.
- the sum of the thicknesses of the first and second metal titanium layers is preferably greater than or equal to 4 nm, or even greater than or equal to 5 nm in order to obtain, after heat treatment, a photocatalytic coating having a satisfactory activity.
- the at least partially oxidized titanium intermediate layer preferably has a thickness of 0.5 to 3 nm, more preferably 0.5 to 2 nm.
- the at least partially oxidized titanium intermediate layer may be a titanium oxide layer, optionally substoichiometric. The latter will be noted TiO x .
- the value of x is preferably less than or equal to 1.8. In this case, the intermediate layer participates in the absorption of the laser radiation and thus improves the activation of the final photocatalytic layer.
- the value x is preferably greater than or equal to 1.8, in particular the at least partially oxidized titanium layer is a TiO 2 titanium oxide layer.
- the method according to the invention also comprises a step of oxidation of the stack.
- the oxidation of the stack in particular of metallic titanium layers, is carried out by heat treatment using a laser, the stack being in contact with an oxidizing atmosphere.
- the oxidizing atmosphere is preferably air, especially at atmospheric pressure. If necessary, the oxygen content of the atmosphere can be increased to further promote the oxidation of the intermediate layer.
- the heat treatment makes it possible in a single step to oxidize the titanium metal titanium oxide and obtain a photocatalytic layer, so crystallized at least in part.
- the titanium oxide layer obtained after heat treatment is preferably at least partially crystallized under the anatase phase, the rutile phase optionally being also present.
- the heat treatment by laser radiation has the advantage of having a very high heat exchange coefficient, typically greater than 400 W / (m 2 ⁇ s).
- the surface power of the laser radiation at the intermediate layer is preferably even greater than or equal to 20 or 30 kW / cm 2 .
- This very high energy density makes it possible to reach at the level of the intermediate layer the desired temperature extremely rapidly (generally in a time of less than or equal to 1 second) and consequently to limit the duration of the treatment, the heat generated then not having time to diffuse within the substrate.
- each treated point of the stack is preferably subjected to the heat treatment for a duration generally less than or equal to 1 second, or even 0.5 seconds. Thanks to the very high heat exchange coefficient associated with the process according to the invention, even the portion of the glass located at 0.5 mm from the intermediate layer does not generally undergo temperatures above 100 ° C.
- the temperature of the substrate during the heat treatment does not exceed 100 ° C., in particular 50 ° C.
- These include the temperature at the opposite side to the face on which is deposited the intermediate layer. This temperature can be measured for example by pyrometry. This method also makes it possible to integrate a laser treatment device on existing continuous production lines.
- the laser can thus be integrated in a layer deposition line, for example a magnetic field assisted sputtering deposition line (magnetron process).
- the line generally includes substrate handling devices, a deposition facility, optical control devices, stacking devices.
- the substrates scroll, for example on conveyor rollers, successively in front of each device or each installation.
- the laser is preferably located just after the deposition installation of the layer, for example at the exit of the deposition installation.
- the coated substrate can thus be treated in line after deposition of the layer, at the exit of the deposition installation and before the optical control devices, or after the optical control devices and before the stacking devices of the substrates. It is also possible in certain cases to carry out the heat treatment according to the invention within the vacuum deposition chamber itself.
- the laser is then integrated into the depot installation. For example, the laser may be introduced into one of the chambers of a sputter deposition system.
- these methods are preferable to a recovery process in which it would be necessary to stack the glass substrates between the step of deposit and heat treatment.
- Processes recovery can however be of interest in cases where the implementation of the heat treatment according to the invention is made in a different location from where the deposit is made, for example in a place where is performed the transformation of glass .
- the radiation device can therefore be integrated in other lines than the layer deposition line. It can for example be integrated into a production line of multiple glazing (double or triple glazing in particular), or to a laminated glass manufacturing line.
- the heat treatment according to the invention is preferably carried out before the production of multiple or laminated glazing.
- the laser radiation is preferably derived from at least one laser beam forming a line (called "laser line" in the following text) which simultaneously radiates the entire width of the substrate.
- the in-line laser beam can in particular be obtained using optical focusing systems.
- the laser line is generally obtained by combining several elementary laser lines.
- the thickness of the elementary laser lines is preferably between 0.01 and 1 mm. Their length is typically between 5 mm and 1 m.
- the elementary laser lines are generally juxtaposed side by side to form a single laser line so that the entire surface of the stack is processed. Each elementary laser line is preferably arranged perpendicular to the direction of travel of the substrate.
- the laser sources are typically laser diodes or fiber lasers, including fiber, diode or disk lasers.
- the laser diodes make it possible to economically achieve high power densities with respect to the electric power supply, for a small space requirement.
- the size of the fiber lasers is even smaller, and the linear power obtained can be even higher, but at a higher cost.
- Fiber lasers are understood to mean lasers in which the location of generation of the laser light is spatially offset from its place of delivery, the laser light being delivered by means of at least one optical fiber.
- the laser light is generated in a resonant cavity in which is located the emitter medium which is in the form of a disc, for example a thin disc (about 0.1 mm thick) in Yb: YAG.
- the light thus generated is coupled in at least one optical fiber directed towards the place of treatment.
- the laser may also be fiber, in the sense that the amplification medium is itself an optical fiber.
- Fiber or disk lasers are preferably pumped optically by means of laser diodes.
- the radiation from the laser sources is preferably continuous.
- the wavelength of the laser radiation, and therefore the treatment wavelength is preferably in a range from 800 to 1300 nm, in particular from 800 to 1100 nm.
- Power laser diodes emitting at one or more wavelengths selected from 808 nm, 880 nm, 915 nm, 940 nm or 980 nm have proved particularly suitable.
- the treatment wavelength is, for example, 1030 nm (emission wavelength for a Yb: YAG laser).
- the treatment wavelength is typically 1070 nm.
- the absorption of the stack at the wavelength of the laser radiation is greater than or equal to 20%, especially 30%.
- the absorption is defined as being equal to the value of 100% to which the transmission and the reflection of the layer are subtracted.
- a relative displacement is created on the one hand between the substrate coated with the layer and the laser line.
- the substrate can thus be placed in displacement, in particular in translation translation with respect to the fixed laser line, generally below, but possibly above the laser line.
- This embodiment is particularly valuable for continuous processing.
- the difference between the respective speeds of the substrate and the laser is greater than or equal to 2 meters per minute, or even 3 and even 4, 5, 8 or 10 meters per minute, in order to ensure a high processing speed.
- the substrate may be set in motion by any mechanical conveying means, for example using strips, rollers, translational trays.
- the conveyor system controls and controls the speed of travel. If the substrate is of flexible polymeric organic material, the displacement can be achieved using a film feed system in the form of a succession of rollers.
- the substrate will be most generally horizontally disposed, but it may also be arranged vertically, or in any possible inclination.
- the laser is generally arranged to irradiate the upper face of the substrate.
- the laser can also irradiate the underside of the substrate.
- the support system of the substrate possibly the conveying system of the substrate when the latter is in motion, allows the radiation to pass through the zone to be irradiated. This is the case for example when using conveying rollers: the rollers being disjoint, it is possible to arrange the laser in an area between two successive rollers.
- the present invention also relates to a substrate coated with a thin film stack successively comprising a first metal titanium layer having a thickness of 1 to 3 nm, preferably 1 to 2 nm, an at least partially oxidized titanium intermediate layer having a thickness of 0.5 to 5 nm, preferably 0.5 to 3 nm, or even 0.5 to 2 nm, and a second metal titanium layer having a thickness of 2 to 5 nm, preferably 2 to 5 nm, 4 nm.
- This substrate is intended to undergo oxidation by means of a heat treatment by laser radiation, the stack being in contact with an oxidizing atmosphere, in order to obtain a substrate coated with a photocatalytic coating.
- the present invention also relates to a substrate coated with a photocatalytic coating obtainable by the process according to the invention.
- the substrate obtained according to the invention is preferably incorporated in a glazing unit.
- the glazing may be single or multiple (in particular double or triple), in the sense that it may comprise several glass sheets leaving a space filled with gas.
- the glazing can also be laminated and / or tempered and / or hardened and / or curved.
- the face of the substrate opposite to the face on which is deposited the stack, or possibly a face of another substrate of the multiple glazing, may be coated with another functional layer or a stack of functional layers. It may especially be layers or stacks with thermal function, in particular antisolar or low-emissive, for example stacks comprising a silver layer protected by dielectric layers. It may still be a mirror layer, in particular based on silver. It can finally be a lacquer or an enamel intended to opacify the glazing to make a facade facing panel called lighter. The lighter is arranged on the facade alongside the non-opacified glazing and provides fully glazed facades and homogeneous from an aesthetic point of view.
- Other layers or stacks located on the face of the substrate opposite to the face on which the oxide layer is deposited can have their properties improved by virtue of the heat treatment according to the invention. It can especially be properties related to a better crystallization of functional layers, for example silver layers. It has thus been observed, in particular in the case of glass substrates whose thickness is at most 6 mm, that the oxidation thermal treatment according to the invention could also reduce the emissivity and / or the resistivity of low-emissive stacks containing at least one layer of silver.
- a layer of thin layers comprising, as described above, comprising an intermediate layer of titanium at least partially oxidized between two layers of titanium metal, and on the other side of said substrate a low-emissive layer stack comprising at least one silver layer, then said intermediate layer is treated with at least one laser radiation so that the emissivity or the resistivity the low-emissive stack is reduced by at least 3%.
- the gains in emissivity or resistivity are at least 3%, or even 5% and even 10%. It is thus possible with the aid of a single heat treatment to improve the emissivity properties of a low-emissive stack and to obtain a photocatalytic layer.
- the laser radiation has only been partially absorbed by the titanium layers of the stack and the substrate, so that the low-emissive stack on the other side receives a part of the energy of the radiation, which it uses to improve the crystallization properties of the or each layer of silver.
- the product obtained has a photocatalytic function, self-cleaning on one side, which will therefore be oriented towards the outside of a building, and a thermal insulation function on the other side, which will therefore be oriented towards the inside of the building.
- Three samples (11 to 13) comprising a photocatalytic coating obtained by the process according to the invention were prepared as follows.
- a thin-film stack consisting of a first layer of titanium metal, an intermediate layer of titanium oxide TiO 2 and a second layer of metallic titanium is deposited on a clear glass substrate of the soda-lime type.
- the titanium metal layers are deposited by sputtering using a titanium target under an argon plasma.
- the titanium oxide TiO 2 intermediate layer is also deposited by cathode sputtering using a TiO 2 target under argon plasma.
- samples are processed using an in-line laser, obtained by juxtaposition of several elementary lines, emitting radiation with a wavelength of 1030 nm, with respect to which the coated substrate is translated in translation.
- Samples II and 12 were processed at a scroll speed of 2 m / min, while Sample 13 was processed at a scroll speed of 3 m / min.
- samples (R1 to R3) comprising a photocatalytic coating obtained by laser treatment of a coating consisting respectively of a single layer of 5 nm titanium metal, a 6 nm titanium oxide layer surmounted by a 4 nm metal titanium layer, and a 6 nm titanium metal layer surmounted by a 6 nm titanium oxide layer were prepared.
- Samples R1 to R3 were processed at a speed of 2 m / min.
- the "stitching" phenomenon was evaluated in blackfield reflection and in whitefield transmission by a trained observer for each of the treated samples.
- Table 1 summarizes the characteristics of each of the samples and the results of the evaluation of the "stitching" phenomenon. Observations of the "stitching" phenomenon were noted as follows: “x” indicates visible marks, “O” indicates very light marking visible after search, and “®” indicates a lack of visible marks.
- the samples according to the invention have a photocatalytic activity comparable to that of the references R1 and R2.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Catalysts (AREA)
- Surface Treatment Of Glass (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Physical Vapour Deposition (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1654635A FR3051804B1 (fr) | 2016-05-24 | 2016-05-24 | Procede de depot de couches minces |
PCT/FR2017/051243 WO2017203144A1 (fr) | 2016-05-24 | 2017-05-22 | Procede de depot de couches minces |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3464675A1 true EP3464675A1 (fr) | 2019-04-10 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP17730864.0A Withdrawn EP3464675A1 (fr) | 2016-05-24 | 2017-05-22 | Procede de depot de couches minces |
Country Status (8)
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US (1) | US20190337840A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3464675A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP6543008B1 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR101986063B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN109154078A (fr) |
BR (1) | BR112018074258A2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR3051804B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2017203144A1 (fr) |
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JP2001253007A (ja) * | 2000-03-08 | 2001-09-18 | Toto Ltd | 機能性薄膜がコーティングされた製品の製造方法、及び機能性薄膜がコーティングされた製品 |
FR2859721B1 (fr) * | 2003-09-17 | 2006-08-25 | Saint Gobain | Substrat transparent muni d'un empilement de couches minces pour un blindage electromagnetique |
FR2893024B1 (fr) * | 2005-11-08 | 2008-02-29 | Saint Gobain | Substrat muni d'un empilement a proprietes thermiques |
KR20090045648A (ko) * | 2007-11-02 | 2009-05-08 | 이노베이션 앤드 인피니티 글로벌 코포레이션 | 극저 저항 광감쇠 무반사 코팅 구조 및 그 제조 방법 |
FR2925981B1 (fr) * | 2007-12-27 | 2010-02-19 | Saint Gobain | Substrat porteur d'une electrode, dispositif electroluminescent organique l'incorporant. |
FR2929938B1 (fr) * | 2008-04-11 | 2010-05-07 | Saint Gobain | Procede de depot de couche mince. |
JP5217023B2 (ja) * | 2009-08-24 | 2013-06-19 | 独立行政法人国立高等専門学校機構 | 光触媒多層金属化合物薄膜及びその作成方法 |
FR2950878B1 (fr) * | 2009-10-01 | 2011-10-21 | Saint Gobain | Procede de depot de couche mince |
FR2969391B1 (fr) * | 2010-12-17 | 2013-07-05 | Saint Gobain | Procédé de fabrication d'un dispositif oled |
FR2976577B1 (fr) * | 2011-06-17 | 2014-03-28 | Saint Gobain | Procede de fabrication d'un vitrage comprenant une couche poreuse |
FR2989388B1 (fr) * | 2012-04-17 | 2019-10-18 | Saint-Gobain Glass France | Procede d'obtention d'un substrat muni d'un revetement |
FR3021966B1 (fr) * | 2014-06-04 | 2016-05-27 | Saint Gobain | Vitrage pour la protection solaire muni de revetements de couches minces |
-
2016
- 2016-05-24 FR FR1654635A patent/FR3051804B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2017
- 2017-05-22 BR BR112018074258-9A patent/BR112018074258A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2017-05-22 JP JP2018561595A patent/JP6543008B1/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2017-05-22 US US16/302,006 patent/US20190337840A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-05-22 CN CN201780032099.5A patent/CN109154078A/zh active Pending
- 2017-05-22 KR KR1020187033735A patent/KR101986063B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2017-05-22 EP EP17730864.0A patent/EP3464675A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-05-22 WO PCT/FR2017/051243 patent/WO2017203144A1/fr unknown
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR3051804A1 (fr) | 2017-12-01 |
FR3051804B1 (fr) | 2018-06-29 |
KR20180132155A (ko) | 2018-12-11 |
CN109154078A (zh) | 2019-01-04 |
JP6543008B1 (ja) | 2019-07-10 |
US20190337840A1 (en) | 2019-11-07 |
BR112018074258A2 (pt) | 2019-03-06 |
KR101986063B1 (ko) | 2019-06-05 |
WO2017203144A1 (fr) | 2017-11-30 |
JP2019522107A (ja) | 2019-08-08 |
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