EP3458780A1 - A solar water heating apparatus - Google Patents
A solar water heating apparatusInfo
- Publication number
- EP3458780A1 EP3458780A1 EP17725751.6A EP17725751A EP3458780A1 EP 3458780 A1 EP3458780 A1 EP 3458780A1 EP 17725751 A EP17725751 A EP 17725751A EP 3458780 A1 EP3458780 A1 EP 3458780A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- container
- housing
- containers
- heating apparatus
- water heating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
- F24S80/40—Casings
- F24S80/45—Casings characterised by the material
- F24S80/457—Casings characterised by the material made of plastics
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S60/00—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors
- F24S60/30—Arrangements for storing heat collected by solar heat collectors storing heat in liquids
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
- F24S2025/01—Special support components; Methods of use
- F24S2025/011—Arrangements for mounting elements inside solar collectors; Spacers inside solar collectors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
- F24S80/50—Elements for transmitting incoming solar rays and preventing outgoing heat radiation; Transparent coverings
- F24S2080/501—Special shape
- F24S2080/502—Special shape in the form of multiple covering elements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
- F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
- F24S80/00—Details, accessories or component parts of solar heat collectors not provided for in groups F24S10/00-F24S70/00
- F24S80/70—Sealing means
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
- Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
Definitions
- the invention relates to a solar water heating apparatus. Background to the invention
- Water heaters for direct heating of water using solar power are well known.
- One well- known type of solar powered water heating system is the 'bread box' solar heater.
- a container of water is heated by direct exposure to sunlight.
- the container is, in use, placed in a box, often formed of wood, which surrounds the container and provides insulation so that the heated water remains warm until use. This feature is particularly important during the night time, when temperatures can fall quite low.
- the box has a clear lid that allows sunlight to pass through so as to fall directly onto the container of water to heat the contents.
- a solar water heating apparatus comprising two or more enclosed containers each configured to hold a volume of water, wherein an open-topped housing is configured to receive the containers therein, and a top cover configured to close the open top of the housing and to allow the transmission of solar radiation therethrough, the containers comprising an outer surface having a portion configured to face upwards towards the top cover when the water containers are located in the housing, the containers and housing being mutually configured so that the width of at least the upwardly-facing portion of a container is greater than the height of the container when the container is located in the housing said apparatus having a plurality of sequentially arrayed containers, each fluidly connected to the or both adjacent containers, each successive container being at a higher level than the preceding container, and with fluid flowing from the lowermost container and to the uppermost container
- the above configuration allows a more efficient collection of heat from sunlight impinging on the apparatus.
- the arrangement of the containers, each at an elevated level ensures that the heated water rises to the top of the apparatus, to be used. Heated water within the containers, rising to the highest container, ensures that heat within the container is maintained over the course of exposure to the solar source, and after nightfall.
- the walls of the open-topped housing comprise spaced apart inner and outer skins.
- the space between the skins is filled with insulating material.
- the insulating material comprises polyurethane.
- the addition of insulating material between the skins provides a more efficient housing for the containers, which aids in heat retention.
- the material provides a user with a more efficient system, by maintaining the water at a warmer temperature within the containers, for a longer duration.
- the further advantage of the insulating material reduces the effect of a drop of atmospheric temperature on the water within the container.
- the housing is substantially formed from polyethylene.
- the apparatus can be produced relatively cheaply, and using efficient methods of manufacture.
- polyethylene advantageously aids in keeping production costs lower which can be passed on as savings to potential customers to benefit from the apparatus.
- the polyethylene also provides a durable housing for the apparatus, ensuring the lifespan of the apparatus is sufficient.
- the containers and the floor of the housing are mutually contoured, the floor of the housing receiving and holding the underside of the at least one enclosed container.
- Contoured flooring of the housing advantageously aids in the maintaining of a container positioning within the housing.
- the contouring aids in maintaining space between the containers, so as to reduce the effect of a cooler container on that of a warmer container. Contouring can reduce the need for extra cost incurring through the installation of fixing parts to the container from the housing.
- the at least one container comprises multiple elongate sections, joined to form a single container, the axes of the sections substantially parallel.
- the cross-section of at least one container or section thereof is elliptical in shape.
- utilising an elliptical shape for the container increases the surface area that is exposed to the sun.
- An increased surface area of exposure provides a container which can heat a larger volume of water within its structure at any one time.
- the cylindrical shape also provides a greater surface are, with reduced likelihood of the effects of shadowing, as the sun's position alters throughout the course of the day.
- a container is formed from stainless steel.
- a container is formed from polyethylene.
- the containers can be formed from a variety of materials. The choice of production material can be the result of the climate in which the apparatus installed, dependant on the temperature fluctuations that will be experienced. A further benefit of a range of production materials includes cost reduction, to be passed on to potential purchasers of the apparatus.
- At least one container includes a heating element. Further optionally the uppermost container includes a heating element.
- the containers can be fitted with individual heating elements to advantageously provide heated water immediately from the apparatus.
- the inclusion of a heating element is particularly beneficial for heating the water within the container following a cold night, or can be utilised in the winter when nights are longer and temperatures lower.
- the housing contains at least one partitioning wall, preferably extending between adjacent containers to restrict air flow within the housing and between containers.
- a partitioning wall advantageously provides a further insulating means for the apparatus.
- the partitioning wall, or walls provide a separation of the air between the tanks. The air between the tanks can cool the containers and subsequently the water therein, and therefore the partitioning wall prevents the cooler air from cooling the space around a warmer container.
- a housing for use as part of a solar water heating apparatus substantially as herein described with reference to the accompanying figures.
- Figure 1 shows a perspective view from the front and to one side of two separate solar water heating apparatuses each according to an embodiment of the present invention, the apparatuses installed on a sloping tile roof, each of the apparatuses comprising an open- topped housing into which three enclosed elongate containers that hold a volume of water are received, each container having an outer surface with a portion that faces upwards towards the top cover when the water container is located in the housing, a transparent top cover closing the open top of the housing and allowing the transmission of sunlight or solar radiation therethrough;
- Figure 2 shows an exploded perspective view from one end and slightly above of one of the solar water heating apparatuses of figure 1, showing detail of the elongate containers and the floor of the housing, each of the containers and the floor of the housing contoured so that the floor receives and securely holds or cradles the containers;
- Figure 3 shows an exploded perspective view from one side of the apparatus of figure 2;
- Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional end view of the apparatus of figures 1 to 3, showing detail of the walls and floor of the housing, spaced-apart inner and outer skins forming the walls and floor, the figure also showing detail of the cross-section of the three containers, each formed with an elliptical cross-section so that the upwardly-facing upper surface has a width greater than the height of the container, when the container is located in the housing, so that a large surface area of the container is presented towards direct sunlight;
- Figure 5 shows a variation of the apparatus of figure 4, showing a second embodiment or variation of the container, the single container of this embodiment similar in appearance to the three containers of the preceding figures when located in the housing, the single container formed from three elongate sections, each substantially the same shape and size as a single container of the first embodiment, the elongate sections joined along their common edges to form a single container.
- Figure 6 illustrates in more detail the base of a housing
- Figure 7 illustrates fitment of a cover to a housing. Detailed Description of the Figures
- the solar water heating apparatus 1 has three main parts: an open-topped housing 3, a container or containers 2, and a lid or top cover 4. It will be recognised that the number of containers utilised depends upon the use, space available, cost etc.
- Each of the containers 2 is formed as an elongate member, with, in a preferred embodiment, an elliptical cross-section when viewed from one end, and rounded end caps. Apertures (not shown) are formed, typically in the end caps but also in other regions of the containers 2 to allow the containers to be filled or for water to be drawn off from the containers 2.
- the containers 2 can be formed from any suitable material, such as stainless steel or polyethylene.
- each of the containers has a width of substantially 300mm and a height of approximately 200mm, and typically can contain between 50 and 70 litres of water. The total volume in the 3 containers shown is therefore around 200 litres. A higher volume of water resists freezing of the water in the container in comparison to many prior art devices which utilise low water volumes to extract heat. This provides a more robust apparatus.
- the housing 3 has continuous side walls and base (that is, there are no apertures passing through the walls or base save to allow water pipes to enter and exit the containers), and an open top.
- the housing is rectangular, and in this embodiment the housing 3 is shaped and sized to receive three of the containers 2, aligned in a row next to one another along the floor of the housing 3, with the long axis of the containers 2 aligned in parallel with the longer side of the housing 3.
- the floor of the housing 3 is contoured to receive and hold or cradle three of the containers 2 next to one another in such a way that the longer axis of the ellipse is parallel to the floor or base of the housing 3, and the shorter axis is aligned directly upwards towards the open top.
- the longer axis is non-parallel to the floor of the housing 3 which allows the installer to orientate the containers to receive the maximum amount of sunlight, for example in the event the surface (usually a roof) is not at a convenient angle to achieve this orientation.
- the housing 3 is formed with double-skin walls and floor. That is, (see Figure 4) the shell or skin of the housing 3 is formed from spaced apart inner and outer skins 3a, 3b.
- the skins are formed from a suitable material such as polyethylene.
- the space between the inner and outer skins 3a, 3b can be filled with an insulating material such as polyurethane. Alternatively, the space can be filled with air, either at atmospheric pressure or at reduced pressure.
- the polyurethane precursor material can be passed into the space between the skins 3a, 3b the formation of the foam material of the polyurethane then causing the volume to be filled. Vents provided to allow precursor material to be passed into the housing and for gas generated from polymer formation can be sealed once the reaction is complete.
- the containers are able to be manufactured by the preferred process known as rotomoulding which allows a container to be relatively cheaply produced.
- rotomoulding which allows a container to be relatively cheaply produced.
- other methods of manufacture such as injection moulding or 3D printing can be used.
- the top cover 4 is formed from a layer or multiple layers of transparent Perspex (RTM), glass which can be tempered or otherwise strengthened or similar material. In this embodiment, two layers are sandwiched together to form the top cover.
- the top cover allows sunlight (solar radiation), including infra-red wavelengths, to pass through, while closing the top of the housing 3 and providing insulation to help prevent heat escaping from the interior of the housing 3.
- the upper part of their outer surfaces faces upwards towards the open top of the housing 3 and the top cover 4.
- the width of the upwardly-facing portion of the container 2 is greater than the height of the container 3. This assists with heating the contents of the container 2, as the largest possible outer surface area of the container 2 is exposed to direct sunlight.
- other shapes of container can be used such as a right cylinder or polygonal cylinder.
- the containers are arrayed within the housing with their long axis horizontal. This minimises the mixing of hotter water which rises upwardly within a container from being cooled by the cooler water within the container.
- the containers 2 are fluidly linked together to enable the water contained therein to flow between the containers 2.
- successive containers are deployed at different heights to allow hotter water produced to rise to the next, higher, container.
- the fluid linkage or linkages therefore proceed from the hotter region of a lower container to the lower region of the upper container. This provides a flow of heat in the upward direction and again minimises the chance of the hotter water being cooled by cooler water within the same container.
- the highest of the containers has a fluid outflow linked directly to the hot water supply system of the building to which the water is being supplied. There the water can be used either directly at the temperature produced or fed into a heater to bring to the final use temperature.
- one or more containers includes a heating element and preferably the uppermost container includes a heating element to bring water up to the required temperature.
- the containers 2 within the housing 3 comprise heating elements.
- the heating element can consist of a heat pump, or electrical heating means.
- the lowest, and the highest of the three containers 2 contain the heating elements. By arranging the heating elements in this manner, a user can turn on the heating element to heat the immediate water supply should they require warmer water.
- the heated by convection, circulates through the containers which increases the supply of heated water, whilst maintaining a lower energy consumption compared to if all containers 2 featured heating elements.
- no energy is expended by the householder in heating the water towards or to the desired temperature.
- Water exiting the uppermost container is replenished by cold water, for example from the mains supply entering at the base of the lowermost container.
- a container can include a pressure relief valve. Normally, the pressure in a container is maintained below 2 bar, when a polyethylene container is utilised to reduce the risk of container rupture. Where the container is formed of a steel, pressures of up to 8 bar can be retained.
- the base 60 of a housing includes a plurality of ribs 61. The ribs 61 act to strengthen the base 60 and thereby the housing 3, and in particular to resist flexing of the housing, for example during transportation and installation or under temperature changes.
- Figure 7 illustrates a weatherproof fitment of a transparent cover 4 across the open top of the housing 3.
- a fixing frame 70 formed for example of aluminium to reduce weight, is secured to the housing 3 by means of a screw fitment 71. It will be recognised that other types of fitment means can be used.
- One end 72 of the frame 70 engages an upwardly facing outer surface 73 of the housing 3, bridging over a lip 74 of the housing 3 and engaging an inner upwardly facing surface 75.
- the elements 76/77 engage the lip 74 and act to prevent sideways motion of the frame 70 once positioned, and also prevents ingress.
- the frame 70 includes a recess 78 to receive the cover 4.
- the cover 4 comprises two transparent elements 4a, 4b held in spaced relationship by a spacer 79 to provide an insulating air layer therebetween. If desired the gap between the elements 4a, 4b can be of reduced pressure to reduce heat transmission therethrough, in which case, the spacer 79 also acts to seal the gap between the elements 4a, 4b.
- a securing member 80 holds the cover 4 in position.
- a single container 20 can be used instead with the same housing 3.
- the single container 20 has a very similar form to the three containers in parallel of the embodiment above, with three elongate sections joined to form a single container.
- Each of the elongate sections is substantially the same shape and size as a single one of the containers 2 of the embodiment above.
- the axes of the sections are substantially parallel, and the sections are joined along their common edges by a narrow bridging section 21 that passes between adjacent sections.
- the apparatus is shown secured to the sloping roof of a building. It will be recognised that where suitable or convenient the apparatus can be freestanding and/or located on a flat roof. In this case, means known in the art may be provided to hold the apparatus in the required orientation and also enabling movement of the apparatus to follow the sun's movement.
- the housing 3 comprises a series of inner walls, or partitions.
- the partitions are constructed so as to lie between neighbouring containers 2 within the housing 3.
- the partitions preferably extend from the top cover or lid 4 to the interconnecting portions of the containers 2.
- the partitions act to reduce the flow of colder air, usually from the lowermost regions to the uppermost regions throughout the housing 3. By preventing the movement of colder air throughout the housing 3, the cold air effect on the container 2 temperature and subsequent water temperature is reduced.
- the partitions within the housing 3 can be insulated or formed from an insulating material. The atmospheric temperature drop throughout evening hours increases the likelihood of frost occurring, therefore it is advantageous that the housing 3 components be constructed so as to withstand the effects of freezing on their structural components.
- each container 2 is individually boxed within the housing 3.
- This embodiment is a variant on the partitioned housing 3, and provides the user with the option of selecting the number of containers 2 to be linked together to form the system.
- this embodiment further prevents the effect of cold air on the water within a container 2.
- each container can individually be heated by activation of the heating means, however, the reduced air space surrounding an individually boxed container 2 aids in the reduction of energy demand to heat the water.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Heat-Pump Type And Storage Water Heaters (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB1608955.9A GB2550429A (en) | 2016-05-20 | 2016-05-20 | A solar water heating apparatus |
PCT/GB2017/051411 WO2017199048A1 (en) | 2016-05-20 | 2017-05-19 | A solar water heating apparatus |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3458780A1 true EP3458780A1 (en) | 2019-03-27 |
Family
ID=56369741
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17725751.6A Withdrawn EP3458780A1 (en) | 2016-05-20 | 2017-05-19 | A solar water heating apparatus |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3458780A1 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2550429A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017199048A1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US451384A (en) * | 1891-04-28 | Apparatus for utilizing the sun s rays for heating water | ||
DE2814822A1 (en) * | 1978-04-06 | 1979-10-11 | Stiebel Eltron Gmbh & Co Kg | Solar collector, used where enough sun energy is not always available - has plastics flat receptacle for heat-carrier, embedded in foam base and is fitted with absorber and heater |
FR2483063A1 (en) * | 1980-05-23 | 1981-11-27 | Thomas Jean | Solar powered water heater - incorporates axial cylindrical storage tank of which upper surface is painted black to act as absorber |
JPS57179534A (en) * | 1981-04-24 | 1982-11-05 | Tatemi Sonoda | Storage type solar energy water heater utilizing sufficient natural circulation |
JPS62766A (en) * | 1985-06-26 | 1987-01-06 | Tsuneo Hirokawa | Heat collecting and radiating device for room heating, room cooling and hot-water supplying system |
FR2699991A1 (en) * | 1992-12-28 | 1994-07-01 | Bernier Jacques | Solar heating panel, made to provide hot water |
DE9404615U1 (en) * | 1994-03-18 | 1994-07-28 | Schmidt, Patrick, 66440 Blieskastel | Storage collector |
CN2200158Y (en) * | 1994-07-15 | 1995-06-07 | 中国科学院广州能源研究所 | High effective full moist solar heat collector |
DE4429838A1 (en) * | 1994-08-23 | 1996-02-29 | Herrmann Klaus Ag | Solar=operated water heater |
AUPQ614800A0 (en) * | 2000-03-10 | 2000-03-30 | Drummond, Noel Richard | Solar water heater |
JP2010002167A (en) * | 2008-05-21 | 2010-01-07 | Hideji Nishihara | Solar heat collector |
CN201637147U (en) * | 2010-04-23 | 2010-11-17 | 杭州健特实业有限公司 | Flat plate solar-energy heat collector |
CN202281395U (en) * | 2011-10-27 | 2012-06-20 | 常州天天太阳能有限公司 | Solar energy air heat collector |
ES2622464T3 (en) * | 2014-05-28 | 2017-07-06 | Orkli, S. Coop. | Hot water storage tank |
US9482209B2 (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2016-11-01 | Lai Fan Huang | Solar water heater |
-
2016
- 2016-05-20 GB GB1608955.9A patent/GB2550429A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2017
- 2017-05-19 WO PCT/GB2017/051411 patent/WO2017199048A1/en unknown
- 2017-05-19 EP EP17725751.6A patent/EP3458780A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2017199048A1 (en) | 2017-11-23 |
GB201608955D0 (en) | 2016-07-06 |
GB2550429A (en) | 2017-11-22 |
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