EP3452704B1 - Two stroke engine - Google Patents

Two stroke engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3452704B1
EP3452704B1 EP17726187.2A EP17726187A EP3452704B1 EP 3452704 B1 EP3452704 B1 EP 3452704B1 EP 17726187 A EP17726187 A EP 17726187A EP 3452704 B1 EP3452704 B1 EP 3452704B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
internal combustion
combustion engine
working cylinder
cylinder
piston
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EP17726187.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3452704A1 (en
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Joachim Böhme
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B25/00—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders
    • F02B25/20—Means for reducing the mixing of charge and combustion residues or for preventing escape of fresh charge through outlet ports not provided for in, or of interest apart from, subgroups F02B25/02 - F02B25/18
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L5/00—Slide valve-gear or valve-arrangements
    • F01L5/04—Slide valve-gear or valve-arrangements with cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly shaped valves
    • F01L5/06—Slide valve-gear or valve-arrangements with cylindrical, sleeve, or part-annularly shaped valves surrounding working cylinder or piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B25/00—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders
    • F02B25/02—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders using unidirectional scavenging
    • F02B25/04—Engines having ports both in cylinder head and in cylinder wall near bottom of piston stroke
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B33/00—Engines characterised by provision of pumps for charging or scavenging
    • F02B33/02—Engines with reciprocating-piston pumps; Engines with crankcase pumps
    • F02B33/28—Component parts, details or accessories of crankcase pumps, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, subgroups F02B33/02 - F02B33/26
    • F02B33/30—Control of inlet or outlet ports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a two-stroke internal combustion engine, in particular for a motor vehicle, with direct fuel injection with at least one working cylinder in which a piston is arranged in an oscillating manner, at least one outlet channel which opens into the working cylinder above the top dead center of the piston and at least two inlet openings, which are located above of a bottom dead center of the piston open into the working cylinder, so that there is a direct current flushing of the working cylinder during operation of the two-stroke internal combustion engine.
  • the DC flushing method is one of the generally known flushing methods.
  • the gas in the cylinder only flows in one direction.
  • the exhaust and intake ports are located at opposite ends of the cylinder space.
  • the fresh gas always pushes the exhaust gas in the same direction from the inlet to the outlet.
  • inlet slots at bottom dead center and one or more outlet valves at top dead center are used for gas exchange.
  • a flushing pump introduces pressurized fresh air through the inlet slots into the cylinder. When the exhaust valve or valves are open, the exhaust gas is driven out of the cylinder beforehand by the pressure drop.
  • the DE 858 046 C. describes a control for single-acting two-stroke internal combustion engines with an exhaust valve and with piston-controlled inlet openings which can be closed and opened in the axial direction with a mussel slide, the mussel slide being connected to the exhaust valve via control rods and thus following the movements of the exhaust valve.
  • the US 3,815,566 A describes an internal combustion engine with a cylinder and a piston reciprocating therein.
  • the control of the inlet, the outlet for the cylinder or the separate combustion chamber takes place through bores / openings in the cylinder liner, the cylinder liner as a whole being oscillated in the cylinder and the drive being connected to the crankshaft via a transmission.
  • the US 2,229,708 A describes a two-stroke engine in which the piston reciprocates in the liner, the liner in the cylinder making an oscillating movement and controlling the inlet and outlet at the same time.
  • the GB 5108 A describes improvements to or in relation to internal combustion engines.
  • the inlet which is oscillatingly driven by the crankshaft and in which a piston moves back and forth, controls the inlet.
  • the JP 59-56310 U relates to a cleaning and exhaust gas control device of an internal combustion engine, which covers or releases a cleaning opening section or an exhaust opening section of a cylinder liner.
  • the subject here is the slot control of the outlet.
  • the FR 443 217 A relates to a two-stroke internal combustion engine, in which a charge piston provided with an overflow valve is arranged between the working piston and the cylinder head.
  • the JP 307 4763 B2 relates to a two-stroke engine in which the compression ratio can be changed depending on the operating state.
  • a sleeve controls the throughput through the flushing openings independently of the piston movement or crank drive, but only as a function of the load condition and engine speed in order to change the degree of filling of the cylinder and thus the compression / compression ratio.
  • the JPS 59192824 A relates to a cylindrical valve for controlling the flushing and outlet process.
  • the cylindrical valve has a running surface for the piston on its inner surface and an annular valve seat at its upper ends.
  • the cylindrical valve is arranged inside the cylinder and at the same time forms part of the running surface.
  • the GB 190 900 385 A relates to an improvement of or relating to two-cylinder internal combustion engines.
  • Inlet and outlet openings are provided both in the cylinder and in the liner in the UT or OT area. The openings are opened or closed by turning the liner.
  • the internal combustion engine comprises a cylinder which is provided with a first inlet duct and an outlet duct which are fixed in the upper region of the cylinder and with a second inlet duct which is fixed in the lower region of the cylinder; a cylindrical sleeve which is arranged in the cylinder and is provided with a third inlet channel which is fixed in the lower region of the sleeve; a sleeve slide which is arranged to be rotatable all around the cylindrical liner in order to selectively open and close the third inlet channel, the sleeve slide being provided with an integrally formed permanent magnet; Rotating means for rotating the sleeve slide under the influence of electromagnetic forces acting on the permanent magnet; Intake port opening and closing means for selectively opening and closing the first intake port at the top of the cylinder;
  • the gas exchange is controlled via the outlet channel and inlet channel opening and closing means arranged in the upper region of the cylinder. If the internal combustion engine is operated in two-stroke mode, the gas exchange takes place via the in the upper area of the Cylinder arranged outlet opening and closing means and via the inlet channels arranged in the lower area in the cylinder, which are released in this case by turning the sleeve slide. The inlet channels in the upper area of the cylinder remain closed.
  • the gas exchange is carried out as a purge current purge.
  • the sleeve slide does not control the actual gas change.
  • the upper edge of the piston opens and closes the inlet channels.
  • a control for a two-stroke internal combustion engine with DC flushing is known, which is achieved in that outlet bores are provided in the bottom of the working cylinder, which alternately open and close openings of an exhaust plate when the working cylinder rotates, and that inlet slots are provided at the inner end of the cylinder , which alternately open and close openings of an intake ring enclosing the cylinder, which is arranged on the crankcase so as to be adjustable in order to regulate the intake time.
  • the charge change is carried out by the rotating cylinder, whereby the outlet bores and the inlet slots are opened and closed.
  • the intake ring is adjustably arranged on the crankcase.
  • the DE 197 00 412 A1 describes a two-stroke diesel engine with DC flushing, with inlet slide and exhaust valves controlled by the working piston.
  • the inlet slide is mounted in the bore of the cylinder and the cylinder cover, with its conical surface of at least three tie rods, which are supported in the cylinder jacket, pressed against the conical surfaces of the cylinder with springs in the axial direction of the cylinder, and when the piston is moved shortly before reaching the lower one Dead center is entrained by this, so that an annular air gap is created and, at the same time, the three exhaust rods in the spring carrier open the three exhaust valves in the cylinder head.
  • the cylinder bore and the inlet slide bore have the same diameter.
  • Two-stroke engines with DC flushing, with flushing or loading slots in the cylinder wall and exhaust valves in cylinder covers are well known. They are usually designed as slow-running large motors and have good efficiencies. However, they have a decisive disadvantage due to their long pistons and cylinders and therefore have complex dimensions and large weights.
  • the medium-speed two-stroke engines use pistons with a very long piston skirt, on the lower edge of which there are one or two piston rings, which prevent the purging air from entering the crankcase space unhindered Motors and on the design effort.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a two-stroke internal combustion engine with DC flushing, in which the number of cylinders can be reduced or the cylinder volume can be increased with the same power of known motor vehicle engines, uses the better efficiency of the two-stroke process to reduce the weight and size of the internal combustion engine.
  • such a two-stroke internal combustion engine has the features of independent claim 1.
  • the dependent claims relate to advantageous developments of the invention.
  • the two-stroke internal combustion engine can work according to the diesel process as well as the Otto process, with an additional spark plug being provided here.
  • the two-stroke internal combustion engine can consist of one or more cylinders with a crankcase. At least one outlet channel is provided above the top dead center of the piston and at least two inlet openings are provided above the bottom dead center of the piston.
  • the release or closing of the Inlet openings and thus the supply of the flushing force into the working cylinder is by means of a tubular slide valve comprising the sleeve of the working cylinder with a closed jacket, which moves oscillating in the longitudinal direction of the working cylinder on the outer wall of the sleeve.
  • At least one annular sealing element is arranged to seal the gap between the inner wall of the pipe slide and the outer wall of the liner.
  • the ring-shaped sealing elements are preferably designed in the form of piston rings and, viewed in the direction of the crankcase, are provided below the inlet openings.
  • the oscillating movement of the tube slide valve during the charge change on the outer wall of the liner is carried out by a control device.
  • This can be designed either as a desmodromic control device in the form of a cam control with a lever acting on the outer circumference of the pipe slide, which is preferably forked, as an electromagnetic or as a hydraulic control device.
  • a swirl ring spaced apart from it can be arranged on its outer wall.
  • the upstream swirl ring has flow channels with different tangential inflow angles, which make it possible to influence the flushing process in the working cylinder.
  • the swirl ring ensures that the air flow flows through the inlet opening in a direction that is tangential to the circumference of the working cylinder.
  • Such a swirling current which runs in one direction, supplies the working cylinder with fresh air evenly through each flushing opening during the flushing process.
  • the two-stroke internal combustion engine can also be designed advantageously if it is designed in a monoblock design or if the working cylinders are designed as bag cylinders.
  • the advantages are an optimized cooling in the area of the top dead center, the elimination of the cylinder head gasket and no distortion, since the cylinder head bolts are also eliminated.
  • the distribution of the inlet openings over the cylinder circumference enables large time and geometric cross sections for the gas exchange.
  • the fact that the inlet openings are in the so-called “cold” area reduces the tendency to coke compared to the inlet areas located in the cylinder head.
  • Another advantage of the two-stroke internal combustion engine according to the invention over a four-stroke internal combustion engine is that the number of cylinders can be reduced with the same load (medium pressure), which is accompanied by a reduction in the engine weight and the costs for production.
  • the advantages of the tube slide valve over other slide valves arranged at a distance from the inlet openings, such as, for. B. roller slide, are that the tubular slide is arranged immediately sliding on the outer wall of the liner, resulting in a low volume of damage.
  • the pipe slide follows Piston movement, covers the piston rings and is at the same time a sealing element that seals the purge air space from the crankcase space and thus influences the overall height of the internal combustion engine.
  • piston skirt can be made much shorter, similar to pistons for four-stroke internal combustion engines, since the piston skirt with its sealing rings no longer has to cover the inlet openings.
  • the two-stroke internal combustion engine - hereinafter referred to as a two-stroke diesel engine - consists essentially of the crankcase with the crankshaft, a working cylinder 1 with an injection nozzle 9 arranged in the area of top dead center and four valve-controlled outlet channels 2, an oscillatingly movable in the working cylinder 1 and via a Connecting rod 3 with piston 6 connected to the crankshaft .
  • the working cylinder 1 with a blind hole-shaped liner has inlet openings 5 distributed over the circumference in the area of the bottom dead center.
  • a pipe slide 4 is arranged with a closed jacket, which oscillatingly closes or opens the inlet openings 5 .
  • the inlet openings 5 are arranged at a uniform distance from one another.
  • sealing rings 7 are held in circumferential grooves above and below the inlet openings 5 . These seal the gap between the liner of the working cylinder 1 and the pipe slide 4 .
  • the pipe slide 4 has a closed jacket and thus controls the opening or closing of the inlet openings 5 by its oscillating movement by means of the control edge 4 a.
  • control of the tube slide 4 takes place with the aid of a desmodromic control unit in the form of a cam control with a lever 8 which acts on the outer circumference of the tube slide 4 and is designed in a forked manner .
  • the two-stroke diesel engine shown works as follows:
  • the air / fuel mixture ignites.
  • the outlet channels 2 are closed, the inlet openings 5 are also closed by means of the tube slide 4 .
  • the outlet channels 2 partially open at a predetermined point in time and the pre-discharge begins.
  • the inlet slits 5 with its control edge 4 a release and the fresh air enters the cylinder space via the inlet slots.
  • the outlet channels 2 are completely open.
  • the positive pressure of the fresh air is generated by an exhaust gas turbocharger (not shown in more detail) and an electrically driven compressor.
  • the purge air expediently enters the cylinder in a tangential direction in a known manner and forms a spine standing on the piston crown, which increases in height due to a spiral-like increase, forms a plug and displaces the combustion gases. These are driven out through the fully open outlet channels.
  • the pipe slide 4 is moved in the same direction via the desmodromic control on the outer wall of the liner of the working cylinder 1 and closes the inlet openings 5.
  • the excess pressure of the fresh air for purging is generated by means of an electrical compressor which can be activated and which is switched off again after the exhaust gas turbocharger has started up.
  • the switchable electric compressor can also work with the exhaust gas turbocharger at the same time.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Zweitakt-Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug, mit Kraftstoffdirekteinspritzung mit wenigstens einem Arbeitszylinder, in dem ein Kolben oszillierend angeordnet ist, wenigstens einen Auslasskanal, welcher oberhalb des oberen Totpunktes des Kolbens in den Arbeitszylinder mündet und wenigstens zwei Einlaßöffnungen, welche oberhalb eines unteren Totpunktes des Kolbens in den Arbeitszylinder münden, sodass sich im Betrieb der Zweitakt-Brennkraftmaschine eine Gleichstromspülung des Arbeitszylinders ergibt.The invention relates to a two-stroke internal combustion engine, in particular for a motor vehicle, with direct fuel injection with at least one working cylinder in which a piston is arranged in an oscillating manner, at least one outlet channel which opens into the working cylinder above the top dead center of the piston and at least two inlet openings, which are located above of a bottom dead center of the piston open into the working cylinder, so that there is a direct current flushing of the working cylinder during operation of the two-stroke internal combustion engine.

Bei Zweitaktmotoren ist das Gleichstromspülverfahren eines der allgemein bekannten Spülverfahren. Beim Gleichstromspülverfahren strömt das Gas im Zylinder nur in einer Richtung. Auslass- und Einlaßkanal liegen an entgegengesetzten Enden des Zylinderraumes. Das Frischgas schiebt das Abgas in immer gleicher Richtung vom Einlass zum Auslass. In der Regel dienen Einlassschlitze im unteren Totpunkt und ein oder mehrere Auslassventile im oberen Totpunkt dem Gaswechsel. Durch eine Spülpumpe wird unter Druck gesetzte Frischluft durch die Einlassschlitze in den Zylinder eingeleitet. Bei geöffnetem Auslassventil bzw. -ventilen wird das Abgas aus dem Zylinder vorher durch das Druckgefälle ausgetrieben.In two-stroke engines, the DC flushing method is one of the generally known flushing methods. In the DC purging process, the gas in the cylinder only flows in one direction. The exhaust and intake ports are located at opposite ends of the cylinder space. The fresh gas always pushes the exhaust gas in the same direction from the inlet to the outlet. As a rule, inlet slots at bottom dead center and one or more outlet valves at top dead center are used for gas exchange. A flushing pump introduces pressurized fresh air through the inlet slots into the cylinder. When the exhaust valve or valves are open, the exhaust gas is driven out of the cylinder beforehand by the pressure drop.

Die DE 858 046 C beschreibt eine Steuerung für einfach wirkende Zweitaktbrennkraftmaschinen mit einem Ausstoßventil und mit vom Kolben gesteuerten Einlaßöffnungen, die mit einem Muschelschieber in axialer Richtung verschlossen und geöffnet werden können, wobei der Muschelschieber über Steuerstangen mit dem Auslaßventil verbunden ist und damit den Bewegungen des Auslaßventils folgt.The DE 858 046 C. describes a control for single-acting two-stroke internal combustion engines with an exhaust valve and with piston-controlled inlet openings which can be closed and opened in the axial direction with a mussel slide, the mussel slide being connected to the exhaust valve via control rods and thus following the movements of the exhaust valve.

Die US 3,815,566 A beschreibt einen Verbrennungsmotor mit einem Zylinder und einem darin hin- und hergehenden Kolben. Die Steuerung des Einlasses, des Auslasses für den Zylinder bzw. die seperate Brennkammer erfolgt durch Bohrungen / Öffnungen in der Laufbuchse des Zylinders, wobei die Laufbuchse als Ganzes im Zylinder oszillierend bewegt wird und der Antrieb über ein Getriebe mit der Kurbelwelle verbunden ist.The US 3,815,566 A describes an internal combustion engine with a cylinder and a piston reciprocating therein. The control of the inlet, the outlet for the cylinder or the separate combustion chamber takes place through bores / openings in the cylinder liner, the cylinder liner as a whole being oscillated in the cylinder and the drive being connected to the crankshaft via a transmission.

Die US 2,229,708 A beschreibt einen Zweitaktmotor, bei dem sich der Kolben in der Laufbuchse hin- und herbewegt, wobei die Laufbuchse im Zylinder eine oszillierende Bewegung ausführt und gleichzeitig den Ein- und Auslass steuert.The US 2,229,708 A describes a two-stroke engine in which the piston reciprocates in the liner, the liner in the cylinder making an oscillating movement and controlling the inlet and outlet at the same time.

Die GB 5108 A beschreibt Verbesserungen an oder in Bezug auf Verbrennungsmotoren. Bei dieser Art von Verbrennungsmotoren steuert die oszillierend von der Kurbelwelle angetriebene Laufbuchse, in der sich ein Kolben hin- und herbewegt, den Einlass.The GB 5108 A describes improvements to or in relation to internal combustion engines. In this type of internal combustion engine, the inlet, which is oscillatingly driven by the crankshaft and in which a piston moves back and forth, controls the inlet.

Die JP 59-56310 U betrifft eine Reinigungs- und Abgaskontrollvorrichtung eines Verbrennungsmotors, die einem Reinigungsöffnungsabschnitt oder einen Abgasöffnungsabschnitt einer Zylinderlaufbuchse bedeckt oder freigibt. Gegenstand hier die Schlitzsteuerung des Auslassers.The JP 59-56310 U relates to a cleaning and exhaust gas control device of an internal combustion engine, which covers or releases a cleaning opening section or an exhaust opening section of a cylinder liner. The subject here is the slot control of the outlet.

Die FR 443 217 A betrifft eine Zweitakt-Verbrennungskraftmaschine, bei der zwischen den Arbeitskolben und dem Zylinderkopf ein mit einem Überstromventil versehener Ladekolben angeordnet ist.The FR 443 217 A relates to a two-stroke internal combustion engine, in which a charge piston provided with an overflow valve is arranged between the working piston and the cylinder head.

Die JP 307 4763 B2 betrifft einen Zweitaktmotor, bei dem das Verdichtungsverhältnis in Abhängigkeit vom Betriebszustand geändert werden kann. Eine Hülse steuert den Durchsatz durch die Spülöffnungen unabhängig von der Kolbenbewegung bzw. von Kurbeltrieb, sondern nur in Abhängigkeit von Lastzustand und Motordrehzahl, um den Füllgrad des Zylinders und damit das Kompressions-/Verdichtungsverhältnis zu ändern.The JP 307 4763 B2 relates to a two-stroke engine in which the compression ratio can be changed depending on the operating state. A sleeve controls the throughput through the flushing openings independently of the piston movement or crank drive, but only as a function of the load condition and engine speed in order to change the degree of filling of the cylinder and thus the compression / compression ratio.

Die JPS 59192824 A betrifft ein zylindrisches Ventil zur Steuerung des Spül- und Auslaßvorgangs. Das zylindrische Ventil weist auf seiner Innenfläche eine Lauffläche für den Kolben auf und an seinen oberen Enden ein ringförmigen Ventilsitz auf. Das zylindrische Ventil ist hier innerhalb des Zylinders angeordnet und bildet gleichzeitig einen Teil der Lauffläche.The JPS 59192824 A relates to a cylindrical valve for controlling the flushing and outlet process. The cylindrical valve has a running surface for the piston on its inner surface and an annular valve seat at its upper ends. The cylindrical valve is arranged inside the cylinder and at the same time forms part of the running surface.

Die GB 190 900 385 A betrifft eine Verbesserung von oder in Bezug auf Verbrennungsmotoren mit zwei Zylindern im Zweitaktverfahren arbeitend. Ein- und Auslaßöffnungen sind sowohl im Zylinder als auch in der Laufbuchse im Bereich UT bzw. OT vorgesehen. Durch Verdrehen der Laufbuchse werden die Öffnungen freigegeben oder verschlossen.The GB 190 900 385 A relates to an improvement of or relating to two-cylinder internal combustion engines. Inlet and outlet openings are provided both in the cylinder and in the liner in the UT or OT area. The openings are opened or closed by turning the liner.

Bekannt ist aus der DE 690 10 865 52 ein Verbrennungsmotor mit variablen Zylken, der wechselweise im Zweitaktverfahren und im Viertaktverfahren in Abhängigkeit von der Rotationsgeschwindigkeit und der Belastung des Motors arbeitet. Der Verbrennungsmotor umfasst einen Zylinder, der mit einem ersten Einlasskanal und einem Auslasskanal versehen ist, die im oberen Bereich des Zylinders festgelegt sind, und mit einem zweiten Einlasskanal, der im unteren Bereich des Zylinders festgelegt ist; eine zylindrische Laufbuchse, die im Zylinder angeordnet ist und mit einem dritten Einlasskanal versehen ist, der im unteren Bereich der Laufbuchse festgelegt ist; einem Hülsenschieber, der um die zylindrische Laufbuchse rundum rotierbar angeordnet ist, um wahlweise den dritten Einlasskanal zu öffnen und zu schließen, wobei der Hülsenschieber mit einem integral ausgebildeten Permanentmagneten versehen ist; Rotationsmittel, um den Hülsenschieber unter Einfluss elektromagnetischer Kräfte, die auf den Permanentmagneten wirken, zu drehen; Einlasskanalöffnungs- und -schließmitteln, um wahlweise den ersten Einlasskanal im oberen Bereich des Zylinders zu öffnen und zu schließen; Auslasskanalöffnungs- und -schließmitteln, um den Abgaskanal im oberen Bereich des Zylinders wahlweise zu öffnen und zu schließen; Überverdichtungsmitteln, um Luft unter Druck zum ersten Einlasskanal und zum zweiten Einlasskanal zu liefern und Zyklenmodus-Auswahlmitteln, um einerseits die Rotationsmittel in Gang zu setzen, um den Hülsenschieber zu drehen, um den dritten Einlasskanal in Abstimmung mit dem zweiten Einlasskanal zu öffnen, und um die Abgaskanalöffnungs- und - schließmittel zu betreiben, und andererseits um die Rotationsmittel in Gang zu setzen, um den Hülsenschieber zu drehen, um den dritten Einlasskanal zu schließen und um die Einlasskanal- und Abgaskanalöffnungs- und -schließmittel zu betreiben, um den Motor im Viertaktmodus zu betreiben.Is known from the DE 690 10 865 52 an internal combustion engine with variable cylinders, which works alternately in the two-stroke process and in the four-stroke process depending on the rotational speed and the load on the engine. The internal combustion engine comprises a cylinder which is provided with a first inlet duct and an outlet duct which are fixed in the upper region of the cylinder and with a second inlet duct which is fixed in the lower region of the cylinder; a cylindrical sleeve which is arranged in the cylinder and is provided with a third inlet channel which is fixed in the lower region of the sleeve; a sleeve slide which is arranged to be rotatable all around the cylindrical liner in order to selectively open and close the third inlet channel, the sleeve slide being provided with an integrally formed permanent magnet; Rotating means for rotating the sleeve slide under the influence of electromagnetic forces acting on the permanent magnet; Intake port opening and closing means for selectively opening and closing the first intake port at the top of the cylinder; Exhaust port opening and closing means for selectively opening and closing the exhaust port in the upper region of the cylinder; Super-compression means to deliver air under pressure to the first intake duct and the second intake duct and cycle mode selection means to start the rotation means on the one hand, to rotate the sleeve slide, to open the third intake duct in coordination with the second intake duct and to to operate the exhaust port opening and closing means, and on the other hand to start the rotating means to rotate the sleeve valve to close the third intake port and to operate the intake port and exhaust port opening and closing means to operate the engine in four-stroke mode to operate.

Dies bedeutet, dass, wenn der Verbrennungsmotor im Viertaktmodus betrieben wird, der Gaswechsel über die im oberen Bereich des Zylinders angeordneten Auslasskanal- und Einlasskanalöffnungs- und Schließmittel gesteuert wird. Wenn der Verbrennungsmotor im Zweitaktmodus betrieben wird, erfolgt der Gaswechsel über die im oberen Bereich des Zylinders angeordneten Auslassöffnungs- und Schließmittel und über die im unteren Bereich im Zylinder angeordneten Einlasskanäle, die in diesem Fall durch Verdrehen des Hülsenschiebers freigegeben werden. Die Einlaßkanäle im oberen Bereich des Zylinders bleiben dabei geschlossen.This means that when the internal combustion engine is operated in the four-stroke mode, the gas exchange is controlled via the outlet channel and inlet channel opening and closing means arranged in the upper region of the cylinder. If the internal combustion engine is operated in two-stroke mode, the gas exchange takes place via the in the upper area of the Cylinder arranged outlet opening and closing means and via the inlet channels arranged in the lower area in the cylinder, which are released in this case by turning the sleeve slide. The inlet channels in the upper area of the cylinder remain closed.

Im Zweitaktmodus erfolgt der Gaswechsel als reine Gleischstromspülung. Der Hülsenschieber steuert hierbei nicht den eigentlichen Gaswechsel. Das Öffnen und Schließen der Einlasskanäle erfolgt durch die Kolbenoberkante.In the two-stroke mode, the gas exchange is carried out as a purge current purge. The sleeve slide does not control the actual gas change. The upper edge of the piston opens and closes the inlet channels.

Aus der DE 865 237 B ist eine Steuerung für eine Zweitakt-Brennkraftmaschine mit Gleichstromspülung bekannt, die dadurch erreicht wird, dass im Boden des Arbeitszylinders Auslassbohrungen vorgesehen sind, die bei der Drehbewegung des Arbeitszylinders abwechselnd Öffnungen einer Auspuffplatte freigeben und verschließen, und dass am inneren Ende des Zylinders Einlassschlitze vorgesehen sind, die abwechselnd Öffnungen eines den Zylinder umschließenden Einlassring freigeben und wieder verschließen, der zwecks Regelung des Einlasszeitpunktes verstellbar am Kurbelgehäuse angeordnet ist.From the DE 865 237 B A control for a two-stroke internal combustion engine with DC flushing is known, which is achieved in that outlet bores are provided in the bottom of the working cylinder, which alternately open and close openings of an exhaust plate when the working cylinder rotates, and that inlet slots are provided at the inner end of the cylinder , which alternately open and close openings of an intake ring enclosing the cylinder, which is arranged on the crankcase so as to be adjustable in order to regulate the intake time.

Der Ladungswechsel erfolgt durch den sich drehenden Zylinder, wodurch die Auslassbohrungen und die Einlaßschlitze freigegeben und verschlossen werden. Zur Regelung des Einlasszeitpunktes ist der Einlassring verstellbar am Kurbelgehäuse angeordnet.The charge change is carried out by the rotating cylinder, whereby the outlet bores and the inlet slots are opened and closed. In order to regulate the time of intake, the intake ring is adjustably arranged on the crankcase.

Die DE 197 00 412 A1 beschreibt einen Zweitakt-Dieselmotor mit Gleichstromspülung, mit Einlaßschieber und Auslassventilen vom Arbeitskolben gesteuert. Der Einlassschieber ist in der Bohrung des Zylinders und des Zylinderdeckels gelagert, mit seiner Konusfläche von mindestens drei Zugstangen, welche im Zylindermantel gelagert sind, in Achsrichtung des Zylinders mit Federn gegen Konusflächen des Zylinders gepresst wird, und beim Verschieben des Kolbens kurz vor Erreichen des unteren Totpunktes von diesem mitgerissen wird, so dass ein ringförmiger Luftspalt entsteht, und gleichzeitig von den drei Zugstangen über den Federträger die drei Auslassventile im Zylinderkopf öffnet. Die Zylinderbohrung und die Einlassschieberbohrung haben den gleichen Durchmesser. Bei der Abwärtsbewegung des Kolbens (Arbeitshub) stößt die Kolbenringfläche gegen die innere Ringfläche des Einlassschiebers nach etwa 9/10 des Kolbenhubes und öffnet den Einlassquerschnitt. Dabei werden die Federträger mit den Federn und der Federhülse gespannt. Bei Aufwärtsbewegung des Kolbens wird der Einlassschieber über die Zugstangen mittels der gespannten Federn mit seiner Konusfläche gegen die Konusfläche des Zylinders gezogen und der Einlassquerschnitt geschlossen.The DE 197 00 412 A1 describes a two-stroke diesel engine with DC flushing, with inlet slide and exhaust valves controlled by the working piston. The inlet slide is mounted in the bore of the cylinder and the cylinder cover, with its conical surface of at least three tie rods, which are supported in the cylinder jacket, pressed against the conical surfaces of the cylinder with springs in the axial direction of the cylinder, and when the piston is moved shortly before reaching the lower one Dead center is entrained by this, so that an annular air gap is created and, at the same time, the three exhaust rods in the spring carrier open the three exhaust valves in the cylinder head. The cylinder bore and the inlet slide bore have the same diameter. During the downward movement of the piston (working stroke), the piston ring surface abuts against the inner ring surface of the inlet slide after about 9/10 of the piston stroke and opens the inlet cross-section. The spring carrier with the springs and the spring sleeve curious; excited. When the piston moves upward, the conical surface of the inlet slide is pulled over the tie rods by means of the tensioned springs, and the cross section of the inlet is closed.

Zweitaktmotoren mit Gleichstromspülung, mit Spül- oder Ladeschlitzen in der Zylinderwand und Abgasventilen in Zylinderdeckeln sind hinreichend bekannt. Sie sind meist als langsam laufende Großmotoren ausgebildet und besitzen gute Wirkungsgrade. Sie haben jedoch einen entscheidenden Nachteil aufgrund ihrer langen Kolben und Zylinder und besitzen deshalb aufwendige Baumaße und große Gewichte.Two-stroke engines with DC flushing, with flushing or loading slots in the cylinder wall and exhaust valves in cylinder covers are well known. They are usually designed as slow-running large motors and have good efficiencies. However, they have a decisive disadvantage due to their long pistons and cylinders and therefore have complex dimensions and large weights.

Bei den mittelschnell laufenden Zweitaktmotoren werden Kolben mit einem sehr langen Kolbenhemd, an dessen unteren Rand ein bis zwei Kolbenringe angeordnet sind, verwendet, die verhindern, dass die Spülluft ungehindert in den Kurbelgehäuseraum eindringen kann._Dies wirkt sich ebenfalls nachteilig in Bezug auf die Bauraumgröße des Motors und auf den konstruktiven Aufwand aus.The medium-speed two-stroke engines use pistons with a very long piston skirt, on the lower edge of which there are one or two piston rings, which prevent the purging air from entering the crankcase space unhindered Motors and on the design effort.

Ausgehend vom vorbekannten Stand der Technik liegt der vorliegenden Erfindung die Aufgabe zu Grunde, eine Zweitakt-Brennkraftmaschine mit Gleichstromspülung zu schaffen, bei der bei gleicher Leistung von bekannten Kraftfahrzeugmotoren die Anzahl der Zylinder reduziert oder das Zylindervolumen erhöht werden kann, den besseren Wirkungsgrad des Zweitaktverfahrens nutzt, um das Gewicht und die Baugröße der Brennkraftmaschine zu senken.Starting from the known prior art, the present invention has for its object to provide a two-stroke internal combustion engine with DC flushing, in which the number of cylinders can be reduced or the cylinder volume can be increased with the same power of known motor vehicle engines, uses the better efficiency of the two-stroke process to reduce the weight and size of the internal combustion engine.

Erfindungsgemäß weist eine derartige Zweitakt-Brennkraftmaschine die Merkmale des unabhängigen Patentanspruchs 1 auf. Die abhängigen Ansprüche beziehen sich auf vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung. Die Zweitakt-Brennkraftmaschine kann sowohl nach dem Dieselverfahren als auch nach dem Ottoverfahren arbeiten, wobei hier zusätzlich eine Zündkerze vorzusehen ist.According to the invention, such a two-stroke internal combustion engine has the features of independent claim 1. The dependent claims relate to advantageous developments of the invention. The two-stroke internal combustion engine can work according to the diesel process as well as the Otto process, with an additional spark plug being provided here.

Die erfindungsgemäße Zweitakt-Brennkraftmaschine kann aus einem oder mehreren Zylindern mit Kurbelgehäuse bestehen. Oberhalb des oberen Totpunktes des Kolbens ist wenigstens ein Auslasskanal und oberhalb des unteren Totpunktes des Kolbens sind mindestens zwei Einlassöffnungen vorgesehen. Das Freigeben bzw. Schließen der Einlaßöffnungen und damit die Zufuhr der Spülkraft in den Arbeitszylinder wird mittels eines die Laufbuchse des Arbeitszylinders umfassenden Rohrschiebers mit geschlossenen Mantel, der sich oszillierend in Längsrichtung des Arbeitszylinders auf der Außenwandung der Laufbuchse bewegt. Zur Abdichtung des Spalts zwischen der Innenwandung des Rohrschiebers und der Außenwandung der Laufbuchse ist mindestens ein ringförmiges Dichtelement angeordnet. Die ringförmigen Dichtelemente sind vorzugsweise in Form von Kolbenringen ausgebildet und in Richtung des Kurbelgehäuses gesehen unterhalb der Einlassöffnungen vorgesehen.The two-stroke internal combustion engine according to the invention can consist of one or more cylinders with a crankcase. At least one outlet channel is provided above the top dead center of the piston and at least two inlet openings are provided above the bottom dead center of the piston. The release or closing of the Inlet openings and thus the supply of the flushing force into the working cylinder is by means of a tubular slide valve comprising the sleeve of the working cylinder with a closed jacket, which moves oscillating in the longitudinal direction of the working cylinder on the outer wall of the sleeve. At least one annular sealing element is arranged to seal the gap between the inner wall of the pipe slide and the outer wall of the liner. The ring-shaped sealing elements are preferably designed in the form of piston rings and, viewed in the direction of the crankcase, are provided below the inlet openings.

Die oszillierende Bewegung des Rohrschiebers während des Ladungswechsels auf der Außenwand der Laufbuchse erfolgt durch eine Steuereinrichtung. Diese kann entweder als desmodromische Steuereinrichtung in Form einer Nockensteuerung mit einem am äußeren Umfang des Rohrschiebers angreifenden Hebel, der vorzugsweise gegabelt ausgeführt ist, als elektromagnetische oder als hydraulische Steuereinrichtung ausgebildet sein.The oscillating movement of the tube slide valve during the charge change on the outer wall of the liner is carried out by a control device. This can be designed either as a desmodromic control device in the form of a cam control with a lever acting on the outer circumference of the pipe slide, which is preferably forked, as an electromagnetic or as a hydraulic control device.

Zusätzlich zum Rohrschieber kann auf seiner Außenwandung ein dazu beabstandeter Drallring angeordnet sein. Der vorgelagerte Drallring weist Strömungskanäle mit verschiedenen tangentialen Einströmwinkeln auf, die es erlauben, den Spülvorgang im Arbeitszylinder zu beeinflussen. Der Drallring sorgt dafür, dass der Luftstrom durch die Einlassöffnung in eine Richtung strömt, die tangential zum Umfang des Arbeitszylinders verläuft. Ein derartiger in einer Richtung verlaufender nicht verwirbelter Strom versorgt den Arbeitszylinder während des Spülvorganges über jede Spülöffnung gleichmäßig mit Frischluft.In addition to the tubular slide valve, a swirl ring spaced apart from it can be arranged on its outer wall. The upstream swirl ring has flow channels with different tangential inflow angles, which make it possible to influence the flushing process in the working cylinder. The swirl ring ensures that the air flow flows through the inlet opening in a direction that is tangential to the circumference of the working cylinder. Such a swirling current, which runs in one direction, supplies the working cylinder with fresh air evenly through each flushing opening during the flushing process.

Weiter vorteilhaft kann die Zweitakt-Brennkraftmaschine ausgeführt sein, wenn diese in Monoblockbauweise ausgebildet ist bzw. wenn die Arbeitszylinder als Sackzylinder ausgebildet sind.The two-stroke internal combustion engine can also be designed advantageously if it is designed in a monoblock design or if the working cylinders are designed as bag cylinders.

Die Vorteile sind eine optimierte Kühlung im Bereich des oberen Totpunktes, der Entfall der Zylinderkopfdichtung und keine Verzüge, da auch die Zylinderkopfschrauben entfallen.The advantages are an optimized cooling in the area of the top dead center, the elimination of the cylinder head gasket and no distortion, since the cylinder head bolts are also eliminated.

Insgesamt liegen die Vorteile bei der erfindungsgemäßen Zweitakt-Brennkraftmaschine mit Gleichstromspülung in einem optimalen Spülwirkungsgrad gegenüber den bekannten Spülungsarten, wie z. B. Umkehrspülung, Querstromspülung.Overall, the advantages of the two-stroke internal combustion engine according to the invention with DC flushing are optimal flushing efficiency compared to the known flushing types, such as, for. B. reverse flushing, cross-flow flushing.

Durch die Verwendung von vier Auslassventilen ergeben sich geringere Drosselverluste beim Ausstoß der Abgase und somit ein geringerer Restgasanteil im Arbeitszylinder. Die Verwendung der Vierventiltechnik für den Auslass in Verbindung mit der Gleichstromspülung - Einlaßöffnungen im Bereich des unteren Totpunktes des Kolbens lassen unsymmetrische Steuerdiagramme für den Ladungswechsel zu, wobei der Vorauslass das notwendige Spülgefälle erzeugt.The use of four exhaust valves results in lower throttling losses when exhaust gases are emitted and thus a lower proportion of residual gas in the working cylinder. The use of four-valve technology for the outlet in connection with the direct current flushing - inlet openings in the area of the bottom dead center of the piston allow asymmetrical control diagrams for the gas exchange, whereby the pre-outlet generates the necessary flushing gradient.

Die Verteilung der Einlaßöffnungen über dem Zylinderumfang ermöglicht für den Ladungswechsel große zeit- und geometrische Querschnitte. Dadurch, dass sich die Einlaßöffnungen im sogenannten "kalten" Bereich befinden, verringert sich die Verkokungsneigung gegenüber im Zylinderkopf liegenden Einlassbereichen.The distribution of the inlet openings over the cylinder circumference enables large time and geometric cross sections for the gas exchange. The fact that the inlet openings are in the so-called “cold” area reduces the tendency to coke compared to the inlet areas located in the cylinder head.

Ein weiterer Vorteil der erfindungsgemäßen Zweitakt-Brennkraftmaschine gegenüber einer Viertakt-Brennkraftmaschine liegt darin, dass bei gleicher Belastung (Mitteldruck) die Anzahl der Zylinder verringert werden kann, was mit einer Senkung des Motorgewichts und der Kosten für die Herstellung einhergeht.Another advantage of the two-stroke internal combustion engine according to the invention over a four-stroke internal combustion engine is that the number of cylinders can be reduced with the same load (medium pressure), which is accompanied by a reduction in the engine weight and the costs for production.

Durch kleinere bewegte Triebswerksmassen hat die Brennkraftmaschine ein wesentlich besseres Ansprechverhalten.Due to smaller moving engine dimensions, the internal combustion engine has a much better response.

Durch die Verwendung von Einrichtungen zur Aufladung, z. B. Abgasturbolader und einem elektrisch zuschaltbaren Verdichter, insbesondere für den Startbereich der Brennkraftmaschine, lässt sich dieser sofort hochfahren. Eine gewünschte höhere Motorleistung läßt sich beliebig durch Zuschalten des elektrischen Verdichters erreichen, wodurch ein zusätzlicher zweiter Abgasturbolader entfallen kann.Through the use of charging devices, e.g. B. exhaust gas turbocharger and an electrically switchable compressor, especially for the starting area of the internal combustion engine, this can be started up immediately. A desired higher engine output can be achieved by switching on the electric compressor, whereby an additional second exhaust gas turbocharger can be omitted.

Die Vorteile des Rohrschiebers gegenüber von anderen im Abstand zu den Einlassöffnungen angeordneten Schiebern, wie z. B. Walzenschieber, liegen darin, dass der Rohrschieber unmittelbar gleitend auf der Außenwandung der Laufbuchse angeordnet ist, wodurch sich ein geringes Schadvolumen ergibt. Der Rohrschieber folgt der Kolbenbewegung, deckt die Kolbenringe ab und ist gleichzeitig Dichtelement, dass den Spülluftraum zum Kurbelkastenraum hin abdichtet, und beeinflußt somit die Bauhöhe der Brennkraftmaschine.The advantages of the tube slide valve over other slide valves arranged at a distance from the inlet openings, such as, for. B. roller slide, are that the tubular slide is arranged immediately sliding on the outer wall of the liner, resulting in a low volume of damage. The pipe slide follows Piston movement, covers the piston rings and is at the same time a sealing element that seals the purge air space from the crankcase space and thus influences the overall height of the internal combustion engine.

Ein weiterer Vorteil in der Verwendung eines Rohrschiebers liegt darin, dass das Kolbenhemd wesentlich kürzer ausgeführt werden kann, ähnlich wie bei Kolben für Viertakt-Brennkraftmaschinen, da das Kolbenhemd mit seinen Dichtringen die Einlaßöffnungen nicht mehr abdecken muss.Another advantage of using a tube slide valve is that the piston skirt can be made much shorter, similar to pistons for four-stroke internal combustion engines, since the piston skirt with its sealing rings no longer has to cover the inlet openings.

Anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels soll die Erfindung näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen:

  • Figur 1 - Prinzipdarstellung des Arbeitszylinders einer Zweitakt-Brennkraftmaschine
  • Figur 2 - Einlassbereich mit Rohrschieber
  • Die Figur 1 zeigt eine Prinzipdarstellung des Arbeitszylinders 1 einer Zweitakt-Brennkraftmaschine. Zum einfachen Verständnis wird nachfolgend nur auf einen Arbeitszylinder Bezug genommen und der Arbeitszylinder 1 als Laufbuchse in Sacklochbauform dargestellt.
The invention will be explained in more detail using an exemplary embodiment. Show it:
  • Figure 1 - Schematic representation of the working cylinder of a two-stroke internal combustion engine
  • Figure 2 - Inlet area with pipe slide
  • The Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the working cylinder 1 of a two-stroke internal combustion engine. For easy understanding, only one working cylinder is referred to below and the working cylinder 1 is shown as a bushing in the form of a blind hole.

Die Zweitakt-Brennkraftmaschine - im Weiteren als Zweitakt-Dieselmotor bezeichnet - besteht im Wesentlichen aus dem Kurbelgehäuse mit der Kurbelwelle, einem Arbeitszylinder 1 mit im Bereich des oberen Totpunktes angeordneter Einspritzdüse 9 und vier ventilgesteuerten Auslasskanälen 2, einem im Arbeitszylinder 1 oszillierend bewegbaren und über ein Pleuel 3 mit der Kurbelwelle verbundenen Kolben 6. The two-stroke internal combustion engine - hereinafter referred to as a two-stroke diesel engine - consists essentially of the crankcase with the crankshaft, a working cylinder 1 with an injection nozzle 9 arranged in the area of top dead center and four valve-controlled outlet channels 2, an oscillatingly movable in the working cylinder 1 and via a Connecting rod 3 with piston 6 connected to the crankshaft .

Der Arbeitszylinder 1 mit einer sacklochförmigen Laufbuchse weist im Bereich des unteren Totpunktes über den Umfang verteilt Einlassöffnungen 5 auf. Auf der Außenwandung der Laufbuchse ist ein Rohrschieber 4 mit einem geschlossenen Mantel angeordnet, der oszillierend die Einlassöffnungen 5 verschließt oder freigibt.The working cylinder 1 with a blind hole-shaped liner has inlet openings 5 distributed over the circumference in the area of the bottom dead center. On the outer wall of the liner, a pipe slide 4 is arranged with a closed jacket, which oscillatingly closes or opens the inlet openings 5 .

Die Anordnung der Einlassöffnungen 5 im Bereich des unteren Totpunktes in Verbindung mit dem Rohrschieber 4 zeigt die Figur 2 . The arrangement of the inlet openings 5 in the area of bottom dead center in connection with the pipe slide 4 shows the Figure 2 .

Über den Umfang der Laufbuchse verteilt sind mit gleichmäßigem Abstand zueinander die Einlassöffnungen 5 angeordnet. Auf der Außenwandung der Laufbuchse des Arbeitszylinders 1 sind ober- und unterhalb der Einlassöffnungen 5 in umlaufenden Nuten Dichtringe 7 gehalten. Diese dichten den Spalt zwischen Laufbuchse des Arbeitszylinders 1 und Rohrschieber 4 ab.Distributed over the circumference of the bushing, the inlet openings 5 are arranged at a uniform distance from one another. On the outer wall of the liner of the working cylinder 1 , sealing rings 7 are held in circumferential grooves above and below the inlet openings 5 . These seal the gap between the liner of the working cylinder 1 and the pipe slide 4 .

Der Rohrschieber 4 weist einen geschlossenen Mantel auf und steuert somit das Freigeben oder Schließen der Einlassöffnungen 5 durch seine oszillierende Bewegung mittels der Steuerkante 4 a. The pipe slide 4 has a closed jacket and thus controls the opening or closing of the inlet openings 5 by its oscillating movement by means of the control edge 4 a.

Damit entfällt die eigentliche Steuerung der Einlassöffnungen 5 durch die Oberkante des Kolbens 6 und die Abdichtung in Richtung Kurbelgehäuse durch ein wesentlich längeres Kolbenhemd und dem entsprechenden Kolbenring.The actual control of the inlet openings 5 by the upper edge of the piston 6 and the sealing in the direction of the crankcase by a much longer piston skirt and the corresponding piston ring are thus eliminated.

Im vorliegenden Beispiel erfolgt die Steuerung des Rohrschiebers 4 mit Hilfe einer desmodromischen Steuereinheit in Form einer Nockensteuerung mit einem am äußeren Umfang des Rohrschiebers 4 drehbeweglich angreifenden und gabelförmig ausgebildeten Hebels 8. In the present example, the control of the tube slide 4 takes place with the aid of a desmodromic control unit in the form of a cam control with a lever 8 which acts on the outer circumference of the tube slide 4 and is designed in a forked manner .

Die dargestellte Zweitakt-Dieselmotor arbeitet wie folgt:The two-stroke diesel engine shown works as follows:

Nach Beenden des Verdichtungshubes und dem Einspritzen des Kraftstoffes zündet das Kraftstoff-Luftgemisch. Die Auslasskanäle 2 sind geschlossen, die Einlassöffnungen 5 sind mittels des Rohrschiebers 4 ebenfalls geschlossen. Bei der Abwärtsbewegung des Kolbens 6 (Arbeitstakt) öffnen zu einem vorgegebenen Zeitpunkt die Auslasskanäle 2 teilweise und es beginnt der Vorauslass. Beim Erreichen der Einlassöffnungen durch die Oberkante des Kolbens 6 beginnt der Rohrschieber 4 durch Bewegen in die gleiche Richtung wie der Kolben 6 die Einlassschlitze 5 mit seiner Steuerkante 4 a freizugeben und die Frischluft tritt über die Einlassschlitze in den Zylinderraum ein. Gleichzeitig sind die Auslasskanäle 2 vollständig geöffnet. Den Überdruck der Frischluft erzeugt ein nicht näher dargestellter Abgasturbolader und ein elektrisch angetriebener Verdichter.After the compression stroke has ended and the fuel has been injected, the air / fuel mixture ignites. The outlet channels 2 are closed, the inlet openings 5 are also closed by means of the tube slide 4 . During the downward movement of the piston 6 (work cycle), the outlet channels 2 partially open at a predetermined point in time and the pre-discharge begins. Upon reaching the inlet ports by the upper edge of the piston 6 of the sleeve valve 4, as the piston 6 begins by moving in the same direction, the inlet slits 5 with its control edge 4 a release and the fresh air enters the cylinder space via the inlet slots. At the same time, the outlet channels 2 are completely open. The positive pressure of the fresh air is generated by an exhaust gas turbocharger (not shown in more detail) and an electrically driven compressor.

Für eine einwandfreie Spülung tritt die Spülluft zweckmäßig in bekannter Weise in tangentialer Richtung in den Zylinder ein und bildet eine auf dem Kolbenboden stehende Wirbelsäule, die durch wendelartiges Ansteigen an Höhe zunimmt, einen Pfropfen bildet und die Verbrennungsgase verdrängt. Diese werden durch die voll geöffneten Auslasskanäle ausgetrieben.For a perfect purging, the purge air expediently enters the cylinder in a tangential direction in a known manner and forms a spine standing on the piston crown, which increases in height due to a spiral-like increase, forms a plug and displaces the combustion gases. These are driven out through the fully open outlet channels.

In der Kolbenstellung unterer Totpunkt sind die Auslasskanäle 2 und die Einlassöffnungen 5 vollständig geöffnet.In the piston dead center position, the outlet channels 2 and the inlet openings 5 are completely open.

Gleichzeitig mit der Bewegung des Kolbens 6 wird der Rohrschieber 4 über die desmodromische Steuerung auf der Außenwand der Laufbuchse des Arbeitszylinders 1 in die gleiche Richtung bewegt und schließt die Einlassöffnungen 5. Simultaneously with the movement of the piston 6 , the pipe slide 4 is moved in the same direction via the desmodromic control on the outer wall of the liner of the working cylinder 1 and closes the inlet openings 5.

Im weiteren Verlauf der Aufwärtsbewegung des Kolbens 6 wird die Frischluft weiter verdichtet. Kurz vor Erreichen des oberen Totpunktes wird über die Einspritzdüse 9 der Kraftstoff eingespritzt und gezündet. Der Vorgang beginnt von Neuem.In the further course of the upward movement of the piston 6, the fresh air is compressed further. Shortly before reaching the top dead center, the fuel is injected and ignited via the injection nozzle 9 . The process starts again.

Im Falle des Anlassens der Zweitakt-Brennkraftmaschine erfolgt die Erzeugung des Überdrucks der Frischluft zur Spülung mittels eines zuschaltbaren elektrischen Verdichters, der nach Anlauf des Abgasturboladers wieder abgeschaltet wird.When the two-stroke internal combustion engine is started, the excess pressure of the fresh air for purging is generated by means of an electrical compressor which can be activated and which is switched off again after the exhaust gas turbocharger has started up.

Der zuschaltbare elektrische Verdichter kann aber auch gleichzeitig mit dem Abgasturbolader arbeiten.The switchable electric compressor can also work with the exhaust gas turbocharger at the same time.

BezugszeichenaufstellungList of reference symbols

11
- Arbeitszylinder- working cylinder
22nd
- Auslasskanal- outlet duct
33rd
- Pleuel- connecting rods
44th
- Rohrschieber- Pipe slide
4a4a
- Steuerkante- control edge
55
- Einlassöffnungen- inlet openings
66
- Kolben- Piston
77
- ringförmiges Dichtelement- annular sealing element
88th
- Hebel- lever
99
- Einspritzdüse- injector

Claims (6)

  1. Two-stroke internal combustion engine, in particular for a motor vehicle, with direct fuel injection, having at least one working cylinder (1) with a bushing in which a piston (6) is oscillated, having at least one outlet channel (2) that opens into the working cylinder (1) above the top dead centre of the piston (6), and at least two inlet openings (5) distributed over the circumference of the bushing that open into the working cylinder (1) above the bottom dead centre of the piston (6), so that a direct-current purge of the working cylinder (1) is achieved during the operation of the two-stroke internal combustion engine, and a slide valve which opens and closes the inlet openings (5), said slide valve being designed as a tubular slider (4) that surrounds the bushing of the working cylinder (1) and has a closed jacket, this jacket opening or closing the inlet openings (5) in an oscillating manner in the longitudinal direction of the bushing during the charge exchange,
    characterised in that
    at least one annular sealing element (7) is arranged in the gap between the inner wall of the tubular slider (4) and the outer wall of the liner, and in that a swirl ring is arranged on the outside of the tubular slider (4) with some space in-between.
  2. Two-stroke internal combustion engine according to claim 1,
    characterised in that
    the upstream swirl ring has flow channels with different tangential inflow angles.
  3. Two-stroke internal combustion engine according to claims 1 and 2,
    characterised in that
    the oscillating movement of the tubular slider (4) on the outer wall of the bushing of the working cylinder (1) is controlled by means of a desmodronic control device in the form of a cam control with a lever (8) acting on the outer circumference of the tubular slider.
  4. Two-stroke internal combustion engine according to claims 1 and 2,
    characterised in that
    the oscillating movement of the tubular slider (4) on the outer wall of the bushing of the working cylinder (1) is effected by means of an electromagnetic control device.
  5. Two-stroke internal combustion engine according to claims 1 and 2,
    characterised in that
    the oscillating movement of the tubular slider (4) on the outer wall of the bushing of the working cylinder (1) is effected by means of a hydraulic control device.
  6. Two-stroke internal combustion engine according to claim 1 and at least one of claims 1 to 5,
    characterised in that
    the working cylinder (1) is designed as a bag cylinder.
EP17726187.2A 2016-05-04 2017-04-28 Two stroke engine Active EP3452704B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102016005538.3A DE102016005538B3 (en) 2016-05-04 2016-05-04 Two-stroke internal combustion engine
PCT/DE2017/000120 WO2017190722A1 (en) 2016-05-04 2017-04-28 Two-stroke internal combustion engine

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3452704A1 EP3452704A1 (en) 2019-03-13
EP3452704B1 true EP3452704B1 (en) 2020-06-10

Family

ID=58490560

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP17726187.2A Active EP3452704B1 (en) 2016-05-04 2017-04-28 Two stroke engine

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US10578009B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3452704B1 (en)
CN (1) CN209742989U (en)
DE (1) DE102016005538B3 (en)
WO (1) WO2017190722A1 (en)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102021125243A1 (en) 2021-09-29 2023-03-30 Iav Gmbh Ingenieurgesellschaft Auto Und Verkehr Two-stroke internal combustion engine with valve control
DE102023000663B3 (en) 2023-02-24 2024-06-20 Joachim Böhme Fuel supply system for a spark-ignited gas-powered internal combustion engine and an internal combustion engine equipped therewith

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GB191205108A (en) * 1911-01-30 Esnault-Pelterie Robert Improvements in or relating to Internal Combustion Engines.
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102016005538B3 (en) 2017-04-27
US10578009B2 (en) 2020-03-03
EP3452704A1 (en) 2019-03-13
US20190145308A1 (en) 2019-05-16
WO2017190722A1 (en) 2017-11-09
CN209742989U (en) 2019-12-06

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