EP3452242A1 - Method and apparatus for producing a three-dimensional object - Google Patents
Method and apparatus for producing a three-dimensional objectInfo
- Publication number
- EP3452242A1 EP3452242A1 EP17730057.1A EP17730057A EP3452242A1 EP 3452242 A1 EP3452242 A1 EP 3452242A1 EP 17730057 A EP17730057 A EP 17730057A EP 3452242 A1 EP3452242 A1 EP 3452242A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sheet
- workpiece
- space
- melting
- sheet metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/34—Laser welding for purposes other than joining
- B23K26/342—Build-up welding
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P15/00—Making specific metal objects by operations not covered by a single other subclass or a group in this subclass
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C64/00—Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
- B29C64/10—Processes of additive manufacturing
- B29C64/141—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials
- B29C64/153—Processes of additive manufacturing using only solid materials using layers of powder being selectively joined, e.g. by selective laser sintering or melting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y10/00—Processes of additive manufacturing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F12/00—Apparatus or devices specially adapted for additive manufacturing; Auxiliary means for additive manufacturing; Combinations of additive manufacturing apparatus or devices with other processing apparatus or devices
- B22F12/60—Planarisation devices; Compression devices
- B22F12/63—Rollers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23P—METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; COMBINED OPERATIONS; UNIVERSAL MACHINE TOOLS
- B23P2700/00—Indexing scheme relating to the articles being treated, e.g. manufactured, repaired, assembled, connected or other operations covered in the subgroups
- B23P2700/12—Laminated parts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a three-dimensional object from a sheet-like Vorma ⁇ material according to the preamble of claim 1 and an apparatus for performing this method according to the upper ⁇ concept of claim 22.
- Workpieces are now increasingly created by means of additive manufacturing.
- the additive manufacturing has been called in the past, rapid prototyping, but this is not selected due to the aptly Leis ⁇ processing capacity of new plants as a label.
- New systems are not only suitable for prototypes but also increasingly for series production.
- the production is carried out directly on the basis of computer-internal Since ⁇ tenmodelle from formless (liquids, powders u. ⁇ .) Or neutral form (belt, wire-shaped) material by means of chemical and / or physical processes.
- additive manufacturing is called according to the commonly used term 3D printing.
- the entire layer structure - ie the workpiece consisting of hardly connected laminar layers - is subjected to a heat treatment in a second process step. This occurs at least partially material Connection as the lower melting material melts.
- DE 4124961 A1 discloses a method in which films are cut from a plate. The individual films are joined together by means of a laser welding process in order to build up the desired body in layers. In this procedural ⁇ ren therefore part of the body are first formed in accordance with the levels ⁇ cuts -Verfahrens Colour 1, which are then added together amount -Verfahrens Colour 2.
- the LOM method therefore, have to shorten the time of the creation ⁇ 3D printing workpieces, which is achieved by the fact that only the outer contour lasered (or marnit- th) is the main objective.
- the SLS processes have the main goal of achieving a material bond through the entire workpiece, so that as far as possible no laminar layers are present, but merely a layer-by-layer production process.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a method and a device that he ⁇ enables the need for a 3D print, without as a starting material a powder.
- the starting material should as far as possible be available as standard market commodity.
- the workpiece should still on the required locations have desired strength through continuous material connection.
- the object of the invention is achieved by a method having the features of patent claim 1 and a device according to the features of patent claim 22.
- a 3D model of the workpiece is first generated, with which the workpiece to be produced is divided by mutually parallel cutting planes in space sections, each space section between two alsei ⁇ nander lying cutting planes and is spatially limited by the outer contour of the workpiece ,
- this 3D model is also defined, where a melting of two superimposed ⁇ the spatial sections should be made, for example, according to two-dimensional coordinates.
- the inventive method has as starting material or as AufSchmelzmaterial a metal sheet or more sheets. This means that the on ⁇ melting material is present before the AufSchmelzvorgang in a solid state.
- the sheet is applied in layers, with each layer corresponding to a three-dimensional section of the 3D model, and the layers are applied in the same order as in the 3D model.
- the thickness of a layer thus corresponds to the distance between two superimposed sectional planes of the 3D model.
- the first, lowermost sheet layer does not need to be melted on ⁇ , since the second, overlying layer mitanschmilzt the lowermost layer in the melting process.
- the melting takes place with a melting unit.
- control means and corresponding drives the shifting of the melting unit or the sheet composite according to the desired X and Y coordinates in jeweili ⁇ gen space cut is made.
- the control means also control the Relativab- stand between S melting unit and the top sheet ⁇ layer.
- the sheet metal is a flat rolling mill finished product be ⁇ draws. Particularly thin sheets are referred to as foil.
- the term sheet metal is used as a generic term.
- the invention describes a sheet-like at least in part on ⁇ melt of the starting material.
- This offers the advantage that all new workpieces can be developed, as example ⁇ lapped sheets are generated with a melted only at the edges of fields Kings ⁇ nen. This results in an entire outer shell having laminar interior areas, which in turn can be claimed with large Buchkräf ⁇ th.
- the component strength (by location of the laminar interiors) be true ⁇ be.
- the starting sheet is preferably present in a sheet blank.
- Each sheet metal layer is placed as a sheet on the next sheet metal layer.
- the starting sheet is in a coil state, that is rolled up.
- This offers the advantage that each new layer can be easily unwound from the roll.
- the output sheet is therefore in a quasi endless state.
- This offers the additional advantage that even a small sheet metal surface must be pushed after ⁇ at low required workpiece cross- sections .
- a new tablet would always have to be added, which would mean a lot of waste.
- a slide which receives the bottom sheet metal layer.
- the lowermost sheet ⁇ layer of a drive unit according to the respective layer thickness after each layer application downward, that is, along a direction transverse to the cutting planes running axis in the direction of the first applied sheet metal layer process.
- a cutting unit is arranged, which is adapted to cut the sheet along the outer contour of the newly ⁇ mapped space section of the workpiece so that residual sheet pieces formed.
- the sheet metal remnants are thus the parts of the sheet that are not arranged within the space section, or the sheet metal layer of the workpiece.
- This sheet ⁇ rest pieces so do not form, such as the standardized by the molten Aufschmelzein- surface regions a composite material to be printed with the workpiece, but scrap pieces.
- the melt-on unit is suitably designed to also be used as a cutting unit.
- the melting unit and the cutting unit are formed as a single unit, which is a laser.
- At least the lowermost sheet-metal layer is preferably held on at least one connection, which has at least a portion of the starting sheet and rests on the receptacle ⁇ frame.
- this sheet metal layer forms a kind of frame that holds the entire printing object.
- connection on at least one sheet metal layer ⁇ such recesses, these recesses being adapted to let fall through the sheet metal off-cuts on the other sheet metal layers.
- a catchment area is arranged, which catches the sheet metal remnants.
- a further development of the invention provides that, by means com ⁇ computer-aided calculation are calculated such connections that these are suitable to be covered by sheet metal pieces remaining upper layers.
- the size of the remnants is limited by means of intermediate cuts.
- the intermediate cuts are determined by computer-aided calculation and suitable algorithms.
- one or more connections are cut at the desired time by the cutting unit.
- the sheet is in an at least teilwei ⁇ se recessed state.
- perforated sheet or a grid plate can be used. This offers the Advantage that a lower Aufschmelz intricate is required.
- the at least partially ⁇ existing workpiece can be lowered down and the remaining sheet can be transported over it.
- Natuer ⁇ Lich also the sheet may be lifted and transported away by the workpiece away.
- the melting process takes place under the action of inert gas.
- the entire chamber of the device can be placed under a protective gas, which prevents oxides from entering the melt. It will achieve a better melting result.
- sheets are stored in ver ⁇ different thicknesses and used according to the Geomet ⁇ rie of the workpiece to be created different Blechdi ⁇ cken for different spatial sections.
- the sheet thickness provides the "dissolution" of the workpiece to a certain extent. If thick sheet metal layers are used, the result is a staircase-shaped outer contour, which can be referred to as "dissolution”. If a coarse "resolution" is sufficient, thicker sheet metal layers can be used. For example, if part of workpiece geometries allow coarser resolutions, can be used to ⁇ for this part geometries thicker plates. The creation time of the workpieces is thus drastically reduced.
- An advantageous embodiment of the invention relates to the case when the sheet is so narrow that it is not the covering the entire area or width of the space section.
- the space section is then split into parallel running part ⁇ sections, with a tin layer now no longer the whole room section, but only a partial section corresponds.
- the sheet is melted according to the method and then cut along additional cuts, which are advantageously straight, cut.
- Weni ⁇ ger waste than in sheets that cover the entire space cut from ⁇ arises.
- the sheet must then be displaced laterally in addition to the actual feed movement, until through the iterative step sequence of the preceding
- Steps the entire room section is covered.
- the outer contour is cut.
- the material is metal.
- the metal powder in the ⁇ replace the process are very expensive, with the use of metal sheet according to the invention is very much savings.
- the respective uppermost sheet metal layer is pressed onto the underlying sheet metal layers.
- This has the advantage that any air pockets and / or cavities are removed.
- the pressing process can be done by means of a ganzflächi ⁇ gene roll or by partial pressing operations, such as a rolling process.
- An apparatus for producing a three-dimensional workpiece from meltable starting material, wherein the workpiece by mutually parallel
- Sectional planes is divided into spatial sections, which are spatially limited in each case by an outer contour of the workpiece, wherein the starting material is melted with a Aufschmelzein- unit, wherein the melting takes place according to two-dimensional coordinates within the spatial sections, wherein the spatial sections are at least partially melted on ⁇ , is characterized in that it is a sheet-like material made ⁇ starting material, wherein a distance between two superposed room sections of a sheet metal thickness.
- Fig. 1 is a side view of an embodiment of a
- Device for producing a three-dimensional workpiece with a coil pre-storage and a support frame.
- Fig. 2 is a plan view of the sheet according to the Auspen ⁇ approximately example of Figure 1 with connection.
- Fig. 3 is a sectional view of a workpiece with laminar, not melted inner areas and on ⁇ molten outer shell.
- Fig. 4 is a sectional view of a coarse-resolved and finely ⁇ resolved partial areas divided workpiece
- Fig. 5 is a sectional view of two fused together ⁇ sheet metals
- FIG. 6 is a plan view of a space section of a workpiece in the construction of the corresponding sheet metal layer with a sheet
- Fig. 7 is a sectional view through two strig ⁇ zene sheets, wherein the uppermost sheet metal layer is not melted over the entire thickness.
- FIG. 1 An embodiment of an apparatus for producing a three-dimensional workpiece 3 is shown.
- the sheet 1 is on a coil 2 before ⁇ ratet. With a coil guide 13, the sheet 1 can be raised according to the layers.
- the bottom sheet metal layer rests on a support frame 7. In the bottom sheet ⁇ layer not shown recesses are cut ⁇ cut through which the sheet metal remnants 8 of the upper sheet ⁇ layers can fall through.
- the cutting unit 5 and the on ⁇ melting unit 4 form a single unit, namely, a laser in this embodiment.
- the control means 6 exceeds mittein to respective units to execute Bewegun ⁇ gene, namely in the X and Y axes, ie parallel to the sectional planes in a plane and the Z-axis, which orthogo ⁇ nal passes to the cutting planes, wherein these movements are actuated after each executed shift.
- the control means 6 also transmit to the coil guide unit 13, when a Be ⁇ movement is performed and when the sheet 1 nachge ⁇ drawn from the coil 2.
- the design with the coil 2 has the great advantage that only as much metal sheet 1 is pulled from the coil 2, as is necessary for the current layer.
- a sheet metal 1 according to the exemplary embodiment of the device according to FIG. 1 is shown.
- the plate 1 is shown as a break of the "endless belt" of the coil. 2
- the previously-made workpiece 3 was fused already with the overlying sheet 1, so that the remindkon ⁇ structure 25 of the current space section is visible.
- the amounts ⁇ cut sheet remaining pieces 8 leave only a remaining connection 9 on the sheet 1 around the workpiece 3. After removal or falling through of the sheet remnants 8 recesses are formed the sheet remnants 8 can be cut and crushed so that they can fall through well down.
- FIG. 3 shows a workpiece 3, which has in the space sections 10 of the workpiece 3 only partly ⁇ fused areas. These areas are selected such that a melted outer shell 16 and a laminar inner area 15 results.
- a workpiece position in the 3D printer it is thus possible, for example, to lay a loading direction of the workpiece 3 along the laminar inner regions 15, resulting in a work piece 3 which can be subjected to high stress and which can be printed in a very short time.
- FIG. 4 The sectional view of Figure 4 shows a workpiece 3, which is divided into a coarse-resolution part geometry 17 and a feinaufgelös ⁇ te part geometry 18th This results in a workpiece, which provides by a suitable choice of the sheet to be used for the various sub-areas very quickly Herge ⁇ can be.
- the sectional view according to FIG. 5 shows a section through two sheets 1 fused together.
- the thickness of the new sheet is 1 than the original sheet thickness 19, that is to say that both sheets 1 join together in a materially bonded manner.
- the laser beam 24 shown here melts the material at the ak ⁇ tual processing position, whereby the liquid portion 23 of the current space section 23 is formed.
- the underlying sheet metal layer is melted along with it.
- the machining direction in this section is from right to left.
- the plan view of Figure 6 shows a space section of the work ⁇ piece 3.
- the space cut to be applied is in parallel strips 20, also called partial cuts 20 divided.
- lateral that is, transversely to the sheet feed direction 26 he ⁇ following, moving in addition to the actual Vorschubbe ⁇ movement is gradually covered in an iterative process, the entire spatial section.
- the sheet 1 is separated on a straight line.
- the outer contour 25 of the current area section is cropped.
- the sheet metal remnants 8 fall off.
- FIG. 7 shows a structure according to the figure 5, wherein in the figure 7, a laser adjustment is seen, which acts only within the material.
- the laser beam 24 is thus adjusted so that not the entire sheet thickness 19 is melted, but only a lower part thickness range 28.
- This can have the advantage that thick sheets can be connected with less energy. As a further advantage of such a construction, it can be safely stated that less distortion occurs.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
- Laser Beam Processing (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102016005435 | 2016-05-07 | ||
DE102016005429 | 2016-05-08 | ||
DE102016005772 | 2016-05-14 | ||
DE102016005829 | 2016-05-17 | ||
DE102016006071 | 2016-05-19 | ||
DE102016009375 | 2016-07-17 | ||
DE102016009791 | 2016-08-12 | ||
PCT/EP2017/060765 WO2017194404A1 (en) | 2016-05-07 | 2017-05-05 | Method and apparatus for producing a three-dimensional object |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3452242A1 true EP3452242A1 (en) | 2019-03-13 |
Family
ID=59061951
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17730057.1A Withdrawn EP3452242A1 (en) | 2016-05-07 | 2017-05-05 | Method and apparatus for producing a three-dimensional object |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3452242A1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN109070223A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017194404A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN109226965B (en) * | 2018-09-21 | 2020-06-09 | 浙江海洋大学 | Laminated additive manufacturing device and method for metal foil plate composite material |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5637175A (en) * | 1988-10-05 | 1997-06-10 | Helisys Corporation | Apparatus for forming an integral object from laminations |
DE4124961A1 (en) * | 1991-07-27 | 1993-01-28 | Tzn Forschung & Entwicklung | Mfg. body of desired geometry using computer-aided design - using CAD data corresp. to drawing to form elemental layers and joining to produce desired body shape |
JP3144317B2 (en) * | 1996-09-12 | 2001-03-12 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Laminated manufacturing method |
DE19729770C1 (en) * | 1997-07-11 | 1998-11-05 | Daniel Graf | Manufacture of metal products of arbitrary form by layered build=up and laser engraving of layers |
DE10160772A1 (en) * | 2001-12-11 | 2003-06-26 | Trumpf Werkzeugmaschinen Gmbh | Method and device for producing a three-dimensional component consisting of several layers |
CN1907643A (en) * | 2006-08-22 | 2007-02-07 | 机械科学研究总院 | Layered manufacturing method of metal parts |
US9419502B2 (en) * | 2012-08-03 | 2016-08-16 | Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation | Additive manufacturing of a component having a laminated stack of layers |
-
2017
- 2017-05-05 EP EP17730057.1A patent/EP3452242A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-05-05 WO PCT/EP2017/060765 patent/WO2017194404A1/en unknown
- 2017-05-05 CN CN201780028366.1A patent/CN109070223A/en active Pending
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2017194404A1 (en) | 2017-11-16 |
CN109070223A (en) | 2018-12-21 |
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