CN109070223A

CN109070223A - A kind of method and apparatus for manufacturing three dimensional object

Info

Publication number: CN109070223A
Application number: CN201780028366.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: S·克鲁克
Original assignee: Trumpf Laser und Systemtechnik GmbH
Current assignee: Trumpf Laser und Systemtechnik GmbH
Priority date: 2016-05-07
Filing date: 2017-05-05
Publication date: 2018-12-21
Also published as: EP3452242A1; WO2017194404A1

Abstract

A kind of equipment for raw material manufacture 3 D workpiece (3) by that can melt, wherein, the workpiece (3) passes through the cutting plane being parallel to each other and is divided into space slice (10), space slice passes through the outer profiles (25) of the workpiece (3) spatially limit respectively, wherein, raw material are melted by melting unit (4), wherein, the fusing carries out in space is sliced corresponding to two-dimensional coordinate, wherein, slice at least partly face formula in space melts, it is characterized in that, raw material are plate shape materials, wherein, the spacing between two spaces slice (10) being stacked is corresponding to plate thickness.

Description

A kind of method and apparatus for manufacturing three dimensional object

Technical field

The present invention relates to a kind of according to claim 1 as described in the preamble three-dimensional for being manufactured by plate shape raw material The method of object and a kind of apparatus for carrying out the process as described in the preamble according to claim 22.

Background technique

Workpiece is manufactured by increasing material more and more now.Increase material production and be also referred to as quick sample molding in the past, But this performance due to new equipment and be no longer appropriate for being selected as title.That is, new equipment is not only suitable for sample formation and gets over To be also suitable for producing in batches more.The production is directly based upon computer-internal data model by amorphous (liquid, powder Deng) or neutral (the band shape, linear) material of shape carry out by chemistry and/or physical process.Although being related to manufacturing process, for Specific product does not need the particular mold (such as mold) of the correspondence geometry of storage workpiece.The advantages of increasing material production method This is that, because without any die cost.Furthermore can often manufacture cannot with classical production process manufacture or with it is only very tired The geometry that difficult ground can just manufacture.

Herein and later, increase material production and correspond to well-known usual concept 3D printing.Herein and later, Especially in the claims, workpiece refers to three dimensional object to be manufactured, but is based on the manufacturing process, is only partially fabricated Workpiece also becomes workpiece.

Known 3D printing method has the disadvantages that substrate must conduct particularly with printing metal component on the market Powder exists.Apply to the big multiple field of powder and every layer is melted by laser.Powder is particularly with being very for metal powder Expensive, this especially causes the manufacturing method to be expensive.This powder especially uses in selective laser sintering, and selectivity swashs Light sintering is herein and referred to hereinbelow as SLS.

By US-PS 5, a kind of method, this method are worked known to 637,175 with sheet metal layer.Here, by the mutual heap of sheet metal layer Folded, bonding is brazed and goes out outer profile in workpiece slice (Schnitt) inscribe.This method is layered herein and referred to hereinbelow as Entity manufacture, referred to as LOM.

A kind of similar approach, this method also belong to LOM as known to WO 99/02342.Described in the documents Composite material is used in method, which is made of the brazing layer of real material and low melting point.Brazing layer is every in construction It is melted after a layer, the bonding of the layer of sheet is consequently formed.

A kind of method as known to 101 60 772 A1 of DE, this method can equally belong to LOM.It is walked herein using two methods Suddenly.It will correspond to the foil slice that workpiece is cut out in first method step to be stacked with.Between these foils slice respectively It is placed in the layer of low melting point.Entire layer structure, the workpiece being made of the sheet layer body connected reluctantly are in second method step Through heat-treated.Here, at least partly generating material connects, because low melting material melts.

4124961 A1 of DE discloses a kind of method, wherein foil is cut by plate.Each foil is by laser welding side Method engagement, with laminar constructs desired object.In the method, it is initially formed the daughter corresponding to planar slice, this is step Rapid 1, then they are engaged, this is step 2.

The purpose that belonging to all methods of LOM has all is that workpiece slice is cut out from plate material, thus cutting tool or is swashed Light only needs outer profile of passing by.That is, forming daughter in first method step, daughter is engaging afterwards.The mutually approximate bonding of each layer Or by dissimilar material come the sealed connection of material, thus there are sheet layers in workpiece.It is also known that diffusion welding (DW), i.e., by layer It is mutually compressed near the fusing point of material.The main purpose that LOM method has is to shorten the deadline of 3D printing workpiece, So that only laser machining (or cutting) outer profile.On the other hand, the main purpose that SLS method has is, for example, to obtain entirely The material of workpiece combines, and thus there's almost no sheet layer, but the manufacturing method of only laminar.

Summary of the invention

The object of the present invention is to provide a kind of methods and apparatus, they make it possible to do not needing to use powder as original 3D printing is realized in the case where material.The batch production object that raw material should be sold as market as far as possible exists.Nevertheless, work Part should have the desired intensity by the coherent sealed realization of material at the position of needs.

Task of the invention is by the method with claim 1 feature and with the equipment solution of claim 22 feature Certainly.

Dependent claims provide advantageous configuration and expansion scheme of the invention.

In order to manufacture workpiece, the 3D model of workpiece is generated first, workpiece to be produced is passed through by phase by the threedimensional model Mutually parallel cutting plane is divided into space slice, wherein each space slice is located between two cutting planes being stacked and passes through The outer profile of workpiece spatially limit.The molten of two space being stacked slices should wherein be carried out by also limiting in the three-dimensional model It closes, such as corresponding to two-dimensional coordinate.Have one or more plates as raw material or molten material according to the method for the present invention. This indicates that molten material exists before fusion process with solid-state.Plate by laminar applies, wherein each layer corresponds to three One space of dimension module is sliced, and layer with identical sequence in the three-dimensional model to apply.The thus thickness phase of a layer It should be in the spacing between two be stacked the cutting plane of threedimensional model.After applying a mew layer --- the mew layer directly applies On layer under to it, which is melted with being sliced corresponding to the three-dimensional structure of threedimensional model.The fusing generates and the layer under it The sealed connection of material.This fusion process is alternatively referred to as fusion welding.At Working position, new uppermost layer at least exists Lower portion melts and at least part fusing at an upper portion thereof of the layer under it.The fusion process is carried out since the second sheet metal layer. Nethermost first sheet metal layer need not melt because the second layer thereon in its fusion process with nethermost layer welding.It is molten Change is carried out with melting unit.Under the use of controller and corresponding driver, melting unit or plate compound are corresponded to Desired X-coordinate and Y coordinate in corresponding space slice is mobile.In addition, controller control melting unit and uppermost plate Relative spacing S between material layer.Flat roll-in product is known as plate.Extremely thin plate is known as foil.Herein and later, Concept plate also serves as general name.

The present invention describes the fusing in at least partly face of raw material.This, which is provided the advantage that, can develop completely new work Part, because can for example generate the plate being stacked in the region with the fusing of only edge region.Entire shell thus is obtained, it should Shell has the interior zone of sheet, which itself can bear very big pulling force.To by 3D printer Suitably selected material layer body (can pass through the layer body of sheet interior zone) and determine component strength during completion.

Exist it is preferred that raw material cut part (Tafelzuschnitt) with plate.Each sheet metal layer is placed on as plate On nearest sheet metal layer.

Advantageously, raw material exist with volume state, that is, roll.This provides following advantages, can be simply every from roller expansion A mew layer.Raw sheet material exists in approximate state for no reason.This provides attendant advantages, also only needs in the workpiece cross section hour of needs Extract small sheet side out.New plate must be released always in plate application, this causes many waste materials.

According to a kind of preferred configuration, using object load-bearing part, which receives nethermost sheet metal layer.

In an expansion scheme of the invention, after each layer applies, by nethermost sheet metal layer by driving unit phase The direction of sheet metal layer that should be downward, i.e. along the axis extended transverse to cutting plane towards first application in corresponding thickness degree is moved It is dynamic.

It is mobile by driving unit not by nethermost sheet metal layer in another configuration of the invention, but will be most upper Face, the sheet metal layer that newly applies it is mobile.

Advantageously, it is disposed with cutter unit, which is suitable for cutting plate along the space of workpiece newly applied The outer profile of piece is cut in this way, so that it is remaining (Blechrestst ü cke) to form plate.Plate remnants are thus the following of plate Part, not within the space of workpiece slice in other words sheet metal layer.Plate it is remaining thus unlike being melted by melting unit Face region formed connect with the material of workpiece to be printed like that, but form waste material.

In expansion scheme of the invention, melting unit suitably constructs and also serves as cutter unit.

A kind of advantageous configuration according to the present invention, melting unit and cutter unit are configured to unique unit, which is Laser.

It is preferred that at least keeping nethermost sheet metal layer at least one attachment, which has raw sheet material At least one subregion and be carried on receive frame on.Thus the sheet metal layer forms a kind of frame, which keeps entire print Brush object.

Advantageously, the attachment of at least one sheet metal layer has such notch, so that the notch is suitable for allowing other plates The plate remnants of material layer are fallen across notch.

In expansion scheme of the invention, it is disposed with collecting zone, it is remaining which collects plate.

Expansion scheme setting of the invention, calculates attachment by computer aided calculation, so that attachment is suitable for The plate remnants of above layer are allowed to fall across notch.

The size of preferred configuration according to the present invention, the remnants is limited by intermediate cross-section.Intermediate cross-section is by calculating Machine auxiliary calculates and suitable algorithm determines.

Advantageous configuration according to the present invention is cut one or more attachments at desired time point by cutter unit It is disconnected.

Advantageously, plate exists in the state at least partly leaving a blank (grooving).Plate with holes thus for example can be used Or grid plate.This provides following advantages, so that the fusing power needed is smaller.

Advantageous configuration according to the present invention, can be after fusion process and along the possible cutting process of workpiece outer profile At least partly existing workpiece is declined downwards, and remaining plate can be transported away above workpiece.Certainly plate can also be lifted It rises and crosses workpiece and be transported away.It is important that the relative motion between remaining plate and workpiece.

Preferred configuration according to the present invention, fusion process occur under the action of protective gas.It thus for example can be by equipment Entire chamber be placed under protective gas, thus avoid oxygen reach fusing seam in.Thus to obtain better fusing result.

In expansion scheme of the invention, lays in the plate of different-thickness and correspond to the geometric form of workpiece to be done Shape uses different plate thicknesss for different space slices.Plate thickness to a certain extent predetermined workpiece " differentiate Rate ".If obtaining staged outer profile, which can be described as " resolution ratio " using thick sheet metal layer.Omited originally " point Resolution " with regard to it is enough when, thicker sheet metal layer can be used.Such as when the resolution ratio that the sub- geometry of workpiece allows relatively just to omit, Then thicker plate can be used for this little geometry.The deadline of workpiece thus significantly reduces.

Advantageous configuration of the invention is related to following situations: plate narrowly constructs, so that plate does not cover space slice Entire surface width in other words.Space slice is divided into the son slice being parallel to each other herein, wherein sheet metal layer does not correspond to entire sky Between be sliced, but correspond only to sub- slice.Plate melts with the inventive method and along additional slice (Zusatzschnitt) cutting, the additional slice advantageously construct as the crow flies.The waste material thus formed is cut than covering entire space The case where plate of piece, is few.It is moved here, plate must be additional to real feed motion after every height slice along lateral Position, until the entire space slice of step sequential covering of the iteration of abovementioned steps.(simultaneously when having covered entire space slice To in desired zone melting), then it repairs and cuts outer profile.For the lateral displacement of plate, by plate advantageously with along Z-direction, The relative motion for being orthogonal to plate surface is removed from workpiece.The removal forms the spacing between plate and workpiece, thus the shifting Dynamic movement will not be negatively affected due to shock.

Advantageous configuration according to the present invention, the material are metals.Metal powder is expensive in the method to be replaced, And there are very big saving potentiality by sheet metal used according to the invention.

Advantageously, corresponding uppermost sheet metal layer is pressed on the sheet metal layer under it.This has the advantage of removal can The air inclusion of energy and/or gap.The extrusion process can be by entire roller or by the extrusion process such as roller in part face Press through Cheng Jinhang.

Equipment according to the present invention for the raw material manufacture 3 D workpiece by that can melt, wherein the workpiece passes through The cutting plane being parallel to each other is divided into space slice, and the space slice is spatially limited by the outer profile of the workpiece respectively Boundary, wherein melted raw material by melting unit, wherein the fusing carries out in space is sliced corresponding to two-dimensional coordinate, In, space slice at least partly melts to face, which is characterized in that raw material are plate shape materials, wherein the two spaces being stacked Spacing between slice corresponds to plate thickness.

Detailed description of the invention

Explain in detail the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings later.

Attached drawing is shown:

Fig. 1 is used to manufacture the side view of the embodiment of the equipment of 3 D workpiece, which has rolling pre-memory and load Body frame.

Fig. 2 corresponds to the top view of the plate of the embodiment according to Fig. 1, has attachment.

The cross-sectional view of Fig. 3 workpiece has sheet, the interior zone not being melted and fusing shell.

Fig. 4 is divided into just the slightly cross-sectional view of the workpiece of the subregion of resolution ratio and fine-resolution.

The cross-sectional view for two plate that Fig. 5 is mutually fused.

The top view of the space slice of Fig. 6 workpiece in sheet metal layer corresponding with sheet material structure.

The cross-sectional view of two plate mutually fused of Fig. 7, wherein sheet metal layer above does not melt in whole thickness.

Component most important and according to the present invention is only shown in the accompanying drawings.Each mechanical technique component do not show that and/or Description.

Specific embodiment

The embodiment of equipment for manufacturing 3 D workpiece 3 is shown in a side elevational view in fig. 1.The deposit of plate 1 is on volume 2. Plate 1 can be lifted corresponding to layer by rolling up guidance unit 13.Nethermost sheet metal layer is located on carrier frame 7.In bottom Sheet metal layer in cut the notch not being shown specifically, the plate remnants 8 of sheet metal layer above may pass through the notch and fall.But plate Remnants 8, which need not be forced downwardly, to be fallen, but can also be transported away after plate 1 is lifted with plate remainder.Cutting Unit 5 and melting unit 4 form only one unit, i.e. laser in this embodiment.Controller 6 is transmitted to corresponding unit The embodiment of movement, that is to say, that along X-axis and Y-axis --- i.e. in the plane for being parallel to cutting plane --- and Z axis is (orthogonal In cutting plane), wherein the movement is carried out after implementing every layer.When controller 6 is also implemented to the volume transmission of guidance unit 13 It moves and when pulls out plate 1 from volume 2.Following big advantage is provided to roll up the embodiment that 2 carry out, is pulled out from volume 2 The amount of plate 1 is only the just desired amount for current layer always.

The plate 1 of embodiment device according to figure 1 is shown in the top view of Fig. 2.Plate 1 be shown as volume 2 " for no reason The part of band ".Manufactured workpiece 3 is fused with plate 1 thereon so far, so that it can be seen that the outer profile of current spatial slice 25.The plate remnants 8 cut out only leave the attachment 9 being attached on plate 1 around 3 ground of workpiece.Be transported away in plate remnants 8 or Notch is formed after falling.Along intermediate cross-section 14 can by the remaining 8 such cuttings of plate and cut it is small so that it can fall well It falls.

The section view of Fig. 3 illustrates workpiece 3, which has the area of only part fusing in the space of workpiece 3 slice 10 Domain.These regions select in this way, so that obtaining the interior zone 15 of the shell 16 through melting and sheet.Thus can for example it pass through The suitably selected workpiece layer body in 3D printer places the load direction of workpiece 3 along the interior zone 15 of sheet, by This obtains to be printed out in a very short period of time by the workpiece 3 of high load, the workpiece.

Workpiece 3 is illustrated according to the section view of Fig. 4, which is divided into just the slightly sub- geometry 17 and fine resolution of resolution ratio The sub- geometry 18 of rate.Thus workpiece is obtained, which can be by for the different suitably selected plates ready for use of subregion Material soon manufactures.

The section of two plate 1 mutually fused is illustrated according to the section view of Fig. 5.In the resolidified region of current spatial slice It can be seen at 22, the thickness of new plate 1 is initial plate thickness 19, i.e., two 1 materials of plate are connected with each other in locking manner.Show herein Laser beam 24 out melts the material on current Working position, and the liquid regions 23 of current spatial slice 23 are consequently formed. It can also see that herein, the sheet metal layer being located below also is fused together.Machine direction is from right to left in this section.

The space slice of workpiece 3 is illustrated according to the vertical view of Fig. 6.Space slice to be applied is divided into parallel band 20, Also referred to as son slice 20.By be additional to real feed motion along it is lateral, i.e. transverse to the progress of plate direction of feed 26 It is mobile, entire space slice is gradually covered with alternative manner.Face first is melted in every height slice 20, is cut then along additional Piece 27 cuts off plate 1 on straight line.If having covered the entire surface of space slice, in the outer profile 25 of current spatial slice On repair and cut.To which plate remnants 8 are fallen.

The construction according to Fig. 5 is illustrated according to the section view of Fig. 7, wherein it can be seen that laser tune is set in Fig. 7, the laser tune It is located in material and just works.Laser beam 24 is thus adjusted and is set as not melting entire plate thickness 19, but under only melting The segment thickness region 28 in portion.This can have the following advantages that, can be connected heavy-gauge sheeting by few energy.This construction other Advantage can be, and the warpage of appearance is small.

Reference signs list

1 plate

Volume 2

3 workpiece

4 melting units

5 cutter units

6 controllers

7 carrier frames

8 plates are remaining

9 attachments

10 spaces slice

11 collecting zones

12 object load-bearing parts

The guidance units of volume 13

14 intermediate cross-sections

15 sheet interior zones

16 shells

17 just omit the sub- geometry of resolution ratio

The sub- geometry of 18 fine-resolutions

19 initial plate thicknesss

20 bands

22 resolidified regions

23 liquid regions

24 laser beams

25 outer profiles

26 plate directions of feed

27 additional slices

The segment thickness region of 28 lower parts

Claims

1. a kind of method for raw material manufacture 3 D workpiece (3) by that can melt, wherein the workpiece (3) passes through mutual Parallel cutting plane is divided into space slice (10), and the space slice is respectively by the outer profile (25) of the workpiece (3) in sky Between upper control limit, wherein in first method step, raw material are melted by melting unit (4), wherein the fusing corresponds to Two-dimensional coordinate in space slice (10) carries out, wherein space slice is constructed with iteration structure layer by layer and from construction Second space, which has been sliced, at least partly melts to face each space slice, wherein in next method and step, for each sky Between slice repair the outer profile (25) for cutting out the workpiece (3), which is characterized in that the raw material are plate shape materials, wherein phase Spacing between folded two spaces slice (10) corresponds to plate thickness, wherein in the face region under fusing effect, The upper part of at least one low portion of plate (1) and the space slice under it is loaded in fusing, under described Portion part rests on the frontier district between the plate (1) and the space slice of the workpiece (3) being located under the plate On domain, the upper part is equally rested on the borderline region.

2. according to the method described in claim 1,

It is characterized in that, the plate (1) laid in at least one thickness is that plate cuts part.

3. according to the method described in claim 1,

It is characterized in that, at least being prestored with a kind of plate that thickness is laid in (1) with reeling condition, i.e. in the form of volume (2) Storage.

4. the method according to one of preceding claims,

It is characterized in that, the sheet metal layer of nethermost, first application is carried on object load-bearing part (12).

5. the method according to one of preceding claims,

It is characterized in that, nethermost sheet metal layer drived unit is corresponding to corresponding thickness degree after applying each layer It moves down.

6. the method according to one of preceding claims,

It is characterized in that, using the cutter unit (5) of the plate remaining (8) for cutting plate (1).

7. the method according to one of preceding claims,

It is characterized in that, passing through melting unit (4) cutting plate (1).

8. according to the method described in claim 7,

It is characterized in that, melting unit (4) and cutter unit (5) form unique unit, which is laser.

9. the method according to one of preceding claims,

It is characterized in that, at least for forming nethermost sheet metal layer, cutting plate (1) in the following manner: so that nethermost Sheet metal layer is maintained on plate (1) by least one attachment (9), wherein the attachment (9) by plate (1) at least One sub-regions are constituted.

10. according to the method described in claim 9,

It is characterized in that, plate (1) is cut so as to form notch, which is suitable for allowing the plate of other sheet metal layers remaining (8) notch is passed through to fall downwards.

11. the method according to one of preceding claims

It is characterized in that, plate remnants (8) are collected by collecting zone (11).

12. the method according to one of preceding claims,

It is characterized in that, the configuration of attachment (9) is determined by computer aided calculation, so that the plate of sheet metal layer above Remaining (8) can be fallen downwards.

13. the method according to one of preceding claims,

It is characterized in that, plate remaining (8) is cut along intermediate cross-section (14) small, wherein the intermediate cross-section (14) passes through meter Calculation machine auxiliary calculates to determine.

14. the method according to one of preceding claims,

It is characterized in that, at least one described attachment (9) is cut off at determining time point by cutter unit (5).

15. the method according to one of preceding claims,

It is characterized in that, the plate (1) exists in the state at least partly left a blank as raw material.

16. the method according to one of preceding claims,

It is characterized in that, in fusion process and cutting in other words after cutting procedure in the plate (1) of cutting and at least partly complete At workpiece (3) between by its relative motion for being orthogonal to cutting plane plate remaining (8) is transported away.

17. the method according to one of preceding claims,

It is characterized in that, fusion process carries out under the action of protective gas.

18. the method according to one of preceding claims,

It is characterized in that, the plate (1) lays in different thickness and corresponds to the geometry of workpiece (3) to be done Different plate thicknesss is used for different space slices.

19. the method according to one of preceding claims,

It is characterized in that, space slice is divided into sub- slice (20), wherein the width that the width of plate (1) is sliced corresponding to son, Wherein, plate (1) along additional slice (27) cutting and is being handled after each fusion process of sub- slice (20) By plate (1) with being additional to feed motion (26) along lateral displacement after son slice (20), wherein the process is iteratively repeated, Until covering entire space slice, wherein carry out son then along outer profile (25) after this method step process is complete Slice (20) repairs the method and step cut.

20. the method according to one of preceding claims,

It is characterized in that, the raw material are metals.

21. the method according to one of preceding claims,

It is characterized in that, uppermost sheet metal layer is pressed on the sheet metal layer under it before fusion process.

22. a kind of equipment for raw material manufacture 3 D workpiece (3) by that can melt, wherein the workpiece (3) passes through mutual Parallel cutting plane is divided into space slice (10), and the space slice is respectively by the outer profile (25) of the workpiece (3) in sky Between upper control limit, wherein raw material are melted by melting unit (4), wherein the fusing corresponding to two-dimensional coordinate space be sliced Interior progress, wherein at least partly melt to face space slice, which is characterized in that the raw material are plate shape materials, In, the spacing between two spaces slice (10) being stacked is corresponding to plate thickness (19).