EP3447195B1 - Fundament und verfahren zur herstellung eines pfahlfundaments - Google Patents

Fundament und verfahren zur herstellung eines pfahlfundaments Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3447195B1
EP3447195B1 EP17187707.9A EP17187707A EP3447195B1 EP 3447195 B1 EP3447195 B1 EP 3447195B1 EP 17187707 A EP17187707 A EP 17187707A EP 3447195 B1 EP3447195 B1 EP 3447195B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pile
threaded bolt
threaded
bolt connectors
reinforced concrete
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EP17187707.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3447195A1 (de
Inventor
Otte Søren
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Centrum Pæle AS
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Centrum Pæle AS
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Priority to DK17187707.9T priority Critical patent/DK3447195T3/da
Priority to EP17187707.9A priority patent/EP3447195B1/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D27/00—Foundations as substructures
    • E02D27/32—Foundations for special purposes
    • E02D27/42—Foundations for poles, masts or chimneys
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D31/00—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution
    • E02D31/06—Protective arrangements for foundations or foundation structures; Ground foundation measures for protecting the soil or the subsoil water, e.g. preventing or counteracting oil pollution against corrosion by soil or water
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/22—Piles
    • E02D5/24—Prefabricated piles
    • E02D5/30—Prefabricated piles made of concrete or reinforced concrete or made of steel and concrete
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04H—BUILDINGS OR LIKE STRUCTURES FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSES; SWIMMING OR SPLASH BATHS OR POOLS; MASTS; FENCING; TENTS OR CANOPIES, IN GENERAL
    • E04H12/00—Towers; Masts or poles; Chimney stacks; Water-towers; Methods of erecting such structures
    • E04H12/22—Sockets or holders for poles or posts
    • E04H12/2253—Mounting poles or posts to the holder
    • E04H12/2276—Clamping poles or posts on a stub

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a foundation or a pile driven foundation for an overhead line mast, power line mast or the like, comprising a reinforced concrete pile including pile threaded bolt connectors, a number of gaskets and a corresponding number of tightening nuts.
  • Prefabricated concrete piles are normally used for foundations at location where the upper soil layers are not suitable for accommodating a shallow foundation. At location where the bearing capacity of the ground is weak in relation to the construction, piles are preferred option compared to shallow foundations.
  • piles are driven into the ground by using a pile driver or hammer or the like.
  • the piles are intended for embedment deep into the ground for providing a stable foundation for various structures such as buildings, bridges and similar constructions.
  • the pile foundation can be used in soil layers along railways.
  • Such prior art piles are disclosed in e.g. PL67224Y1 which discloses a foundation suitable for an overhead line mast and comprising a reinforced concrete pile including threaded bolt connectors being embedded in the concrete pile, each connector having an exposed part extending beyond a first end part and connected to reinforcement elements of the pile.
  • the document does not disclose any improvement to the sealing capability and the prevention penetration of water into the reinforced concrete pile at the bolt shaft.
  • the general object of the present invention is to provide a foundation, which is able to withstand the environment impact and exposure accruing over time on the structure at the installation location.
  • a foundation for an overhead line mast, power line mast or the like comprising a reinforced concrete pile including threaded bolt, a number of gaskets and a corresponding number of tightening nuts:
  • the reinforced concrete pile is an elongated prefabricated concrete piles.
  • the reinforced concrete pile is provided in various lengths.
  • the pile threaded bolt connectors would preferably be made from a stainless steel material, as the pile threaded bolt connectors are exposed to the environment and have to be able to withstand the weather.
  • Stainless steel is the preferred material due to its corrosion resistance as stainless does not corrode or rust as ordinary steel (carbon steel) does.
  • carbon steel it is possible to use carbon steel for the steel reinforcement elements as the steel reinforcement element are embedded into the reinforcement concrete pile,
  • the gasket is preferably made from an elastomer material with a round cross-section and being designed to be compressed during assembly and would create a sealing at the interface between the plain unthreaded surface of the pile threaded bolt connectors and the planar abutment surface.
  • Each gasket has an annual shape forming a second inner diameter being congruent to the first outer diameter of the pile threaded bolt connectors and second outer diameter being larger than the inner diameter of the internal threaded part of the tightening nut.
  • Each of the tightening nuts is configured to be rotated relative to the threaded portion of a pile threaded bolt connector and by rotating the tightening nut the tapered portion of the tightening nuts will be moved towards the gasket. Rotation of the tightening nut would cause the gasket to be compressed towards the outer surface of the pile threaded bolt connectors and the planar abutment surface and the compression of the gasket will provide a sealing between the pile threaded bolt connectors and the planar abutment surface.
  • transition portions having threaded portions being tapered over two revolutions from a fully threaded shaft to a plain unthreaded shaft.
  • the central aperture of the tightening nuts having an intermediate section having a second threaded section, the second threaded section extending between the tapered portion and the internal threaded portion, the second threaded section having a diameter being larger than the threaded diameter of the internal threaded portion.
  • the second portions of the pile threaded bolt connectors being plain unthreaded portions.
  • the plain contact surface improves the sealing capability compared to a threaded contact surface, hereby serving a first function.
  • the plain unthreaded portion of the pile threaded bolt connectors will prevent, that the gasket from getting damaged or torn during tightening of tightening nuts during installation, where the overhead line mast is installed on top of the reinforced concrete pile, hereby serving a second function.
  • the reinforcement elements including additional steel reinforcement elements extending in the circumference of the reinforced concrete.
  • additional steel reinforcement elements extending in the circumference, it is possible to obtain a steel mesh structure, which allows easier handling and positioning of the steel mesh structure during casting and fabrication of the reinforcement concrete pile.
  • the of additional steel reinforcement elements forms a steel mesh or mesh cage together with the steel reinforcing bar.
  • the mesh cage or reinforcement cage consisted of two parts: longitudinal bars and transverse bars or spiral bar.
  • the steel bar has vertical rib and transverse rib on surface for better application in concrete reinforcement and the steel bar is preferable made from cold drawn or hot drawn carbon steel wire rod, galvanized or mill black finish.
  • the longitudinal steel bars confines the core concrete, and the transverse steel bars or spiral bars fit around the longitudinal bars.
  • the steel mesh cage provides reinforcement in the longitudinal and lateral strength to prevent cracking, and reduce the deflections occurrence probability.
  • the reinforcement cage has a polygonal geometry e.g. triangle or square and the reinforcement cages is positioned in the casting mould before the concrete is poured the casting form.
  • the steel reinforcement elements are spot welded to form a reinforcement cage, preferably by an automatic spot welding machine and the spot welding machine furthermore is able to program for being able to adjust the spacing and opening of the reinforcement cage.
  • the reinforced concrete pile is a prefabricated structure. Through the use of a prefabricated reinforced concrete pile, it is faster to establish the foundation as the reinforced concrete does not need to casted in-situ and await the hardening of the concrete before the overhead line mast can be connected to the foundation.
  • the second polygonal geometry and the first polygonal geometry being 3-12, preferably 4.
  • the geometry should be rectangular, pentagonal, hexagonal etc.
  • the reinforced concrete pile having visual markings on the outer surface for positioning the end part 0.1-1 meter above ground level, when the reinforced concrete pile is being driven into the ground.
  • the pile threaded bolt connectors being connected to the steel reinforcement elements of the reinforced concrete pile by welding, preferably friction welding.
  • welding the each pile threaded bolt connectors to the steel reinforcement bars the structural loads from the mast can be transferred from the pile threaded bolt connectors to the steel reinforcement elements embedded in the reinforced concrete pile.
  • pile foundation should in this context be understood as a prepared ground or base on which the overhead line mast, the power line mast or the like structure can be mounted.
  • the pile foundation consists of an elongated structural element being driven or drilled into the deep of the ground and belong to the category also referred to as deep foundation.
  • deep foundation should in the context be understood as the type of foundation, which transfers load into the soil farther down from the ground level in contrast to shallow foundation, which primarily transfers loads from the structure to the surface layer at the vicinity of the ground level.
  • each gasket being able to provide a tight fit relative to the outer diameter of the second portion of the pile threaded bolt connectors.
  • Each gasket would have an inner diameter being identical to the outer diameter of the second portion of each of the pile threaded bolt connectors or an inner diameter substantial smaller than the outer diameter of the second portion of each of the pile threaded bolt connectors.
  • internal threaded portion is used in this context to describe an internal thread of the tightening nut is divided into two sections, which both have a major diameter and a minor diameter.
  • the diameter of the internal threaded portion would in this context refer to the major diameter.
  • the overhead power line 16 is suspended above the railway track 14 between the overhead line mast, supporting posts or arched catenary support or other carrying structures spaced along the railway track 14.
  • the overhead power line 16 is kept at a high electric potential for suppling electric power to the train.
  • the reinforced concrete pile 20 penetrates the upper soil layers and will be embedded in the lower, more rigid lower soil layers.
  • the reinforced concrete pile 20 is a precasted element and the reinforced concrete pile 20 is casted in a standardized length between 4 meter and 20 meter.
  • Fig. 2 and 3 show a reinforced concrete pile 20 having an elongated structure with a first end part 22 including a planar abutment surface of a first polygonal geometry and a second end part 26.
  • Steel reinforcement elements 28 extends between the first end part 22 and the second end parts 28.
  • pile threaded bolt connectors 30 are embedded in the reinforced concrete pile 20 and each of pile threaded bolt connectors 30 has an exposed part extending beyond the first end part 22.
  • the four pile threaded bolt connectors 30 are positioned in a second polygonal geometry and connected to the steel reinforcement elements 28 of the reinforced concrete pile 20.
  • connection between each of the pile threaded bolt connectors 30 and the steel reinforcement elements 28 of the reinforced concrete pile 20 is obtained by welding process e.g. friction welding and the connection will be embedded inside the reinforced concrete pile 20.
  • the pile threaded bolt connectors 30 would be made from a stainless steel material, as the pile threaded bolt connectors is exposed to the environment and have to be able to withstand the corrosion.
  • the steel reinforcement elements 28 are fabricated from an assembly of steel reinforcing bar 28', also commonly referred to as rebars, held together in the desired configuration by means of additional steel reinforcement elements 28" extending in the circumference of the reinforced concrete pile 20.
  • the additional steel reinforcement elements 28" forms a steel mesh or mesh cage incorporation with the steel reinforcing bar 28'.
  • Two lifting sockets 29 are embedded into the reinforced concrete pile 20 and the lifting sockets 29 are placed at equal distance from the center of gravity of the reinforced concrete pile 20 for allowing as stable lifting of the reinforced concrete pile 20.
  • Each of the lifting sockets 29 is connected to the steel reinforcement elements 28 by welding.
  • the lifting sockets 29 comprise an inner threaded portion and the threaded portion makes it possible for a worker to insert a swivel lifting eye into the lifting socket prior to lifting the reinforced concrete pile 20.
  • the lifting socket could also be formed as tubular lifting socket, flat plate lifting socket or the like.
  • Each of the lifting sockets 29 is covered by a sealing cap for preventing any foreign objects from entering the socket and the sealing cap fits inside the lifting socket 29.
  • the steel reinforcement elements 28 have the same polygonal geometry as the reinforced concrete pile 20 and the 28' steel reinforcing bars are placed along the circumference of the reinforced concrete pile 20 more specific near the edges of the polygonal geometry.
  • the second polygonal geometry is defined by the number of pile threaded bolt connectors embedded in the reinforced concrete pile 20 and the first polygonal geometry corresponds the outer geometry of the reinforced concrete pile 20.
  • the first polygonal geometry is equivalent to the second polygonal geometry in fig. 2 .
  • the tightening the tightening nut 501, 502, 503, 504 can be done in two steps, 'Initial Torque' and 'Final torque' using a calibrated torque wrench.
  • This can be either a manual wrench or power tool fitted with a torque cut-out that must first be calibrated on a bolt from the job batch using a bolt load meter or similar device for determining bolt tension.
  • Fig. 4-5 show the pile threaded bolt connectors 30 having a first portion 32 including a threaded portion 33, a second portion 34 having a circular cross sectional configuration of a first outer diameter and a transition portion 38 interconnecting the first portion 32 and the second portion 32.
  • the gaskets 40 having an annual shape forming a second inner diameter 42 and second outer diameter 44.
  • Fig. 4A shows a pile threaded bolt connectors 30 connected to the steel reinforcement elements 28 in the reinforced concrete pile 20.
  • the second portion 34 of the pile threaded bolt connectors 30 has a circular cross sectional and the second portion 34 is connected to the steel reinforcing bar 28' by welding.
  • the second portion 34 of the pile threaded bolt connectors 30 has a plain unthreaded portions. 6.
  • the steel reinforcement elements 28 comprising of a number of steel reinforcing bars 28' and additional steel reinforcement elements 28" extending in the circumference of the reinforced concrete pile 20.
  • the additional steel reinforcement elements 28" forms a steel mesh or mesh cage incorporation with the steel reinforcing bar 28'.
  • the gasket 40 has a second inner diameter 42 being congruent to the first outer diameter of the second portions 36 of the pile threaded bolt connectors and the second outer diameter 44 is larger than the inner diameter of the internal threaded part of the tightening nuts 59.
  • the first interface 60 is located between the first portion 32 and the transition portion 38 the pile threaded bolt connectors at a first distance d 1 from the planar abutment surface 24.
  • the second interface 62 is located between the transition portion 38 and the second portion 34 of the pile threaded bolt connectors 30 at a second distance d 2 from the planar abutment surface 24
  • the first distance d 1 is larger than the second distance d 2 and the second distance d 2 is also larger the height h g of the gasket.
  • the height h g of the gasket 40 corresponds to the thickness of the gasket 40.
  • the second portion 34 of the pile threaded bolt connectors 30 has a plain unthreaded portion, which will prevent, that the gasket 40 from getting damaged or torn during tightening of tightening nut 50 during installation of the mast on top of the reinforced concrete pile.
  • Fig. 4B-4D show the sequence of tightening the tightening nut 50, where the tightening nut is configured to be rotated relative to the threaded portion of the pile threaded bolt connectors .
  • Fig. 4B shows the tightening nut 50, where the tightening nut 50 does not exert any compression force on the gasket 40 and the gasket 40 is positioned around the plain unthreaded portion of the pile threaded bolt connectors 30 and abuts the planar abutment surface of the first end part 22.
  • Fig. 4C shows the tightening nut 50, where the tightening nut 50 is rotated further towards the planar abutment surface of the first end part 22.
  • the tightening nut 50 begins to compress onto the gasket 40.
  • the gasket 40 is positioned around the plain unthreaded portion of the pile threaded bolt connectors 30 and abuts the planar abutment surface of the first end part 22.
  • Fig. 4D shows a final position, where the tightening nut 50 is rotated relative to the threaded portion of the pile threaded bolt connectors 30 to the position, where the tightening nut 50 exerts the full compression load on the gasket.
  • the amount of load on the gasket 40 causes the gasket to deform and the deformation of the gasket results in the gasket 40 being compressed towards the pile threaded bolt connectors, the inner tapered portion 55 of the tightening nuts and the planar abutment surface 24 for providing sealing relative to the pile threaded bolt connectors 30 and the planar abutment surface 24.
  • the tightening nut 50 has an intermediate section including a second threaded section 56 and the second threaded section 56 extends between the tapered portion 55 and the internal threaded portion 58.
  • the second threaded section 56 has a threaded diameter d 4 being larger than the threaded diameter d 3 of the internal threaded portion 58.
  • the tightening nut has first end surface 51, a second end surface 52 and a central aperture 54 including a tapered portion 55 at the second end surface 52 for providing a larger opening compared to the central aperture.
  • the central aperture 54 further includes a internal threaded portion 58 at the first end surface 54 complimenting the threaded portion 33 of the pile threaded bolt connectors 30.
  • Fig. 5D shows a first embodiment of the tightening nut 50 having a internal threaded portion being tapered over two revolutions.
  • Fig. 5C shows a first embodiment of the transition portions having threaded portions being tapered over two revolutions from a fully threaded shaft to a plain unthreaded shaft.
  • Fig. 6A-6D shows a second preferred embodiment of casting of the reinforced concrete pile.
  • each of pile threaded bolt connectors 30 is placed in the casting mould 70 and each of pile threaded bolt connectors 30 has an exposed part extending into the apertures 75 of the first mould end part 74 and beyond the first end part 22.
  • the steel reinforcement elements 28 consists of steel bars 28' 28" forming a steel reinforcement cage 28'" fabricated from an assembly of longitudinal steel reinforcing bar 28' and transverse steel reinforcement bar 28" extending in the circumference of the reinforced concrete pile 20.
  • the four pile threaded bolt connectors 30 are positioned in a second polygonal geometry and connected to the steel reinforcement bars 28' of the steel reinforcement cage.
  • the steel reinforcement cage 28'" forms a recgtangular polygonal geometry.
  • Two lifting sockets 29 are placed at equal distance in the casting mould 70 and the lifting sockets 29 is connected to the steel reinforcement elements 28 by welding.
  • the lifting socket 29 comprises an inner threaded portion and the threaded portion makes it possible for a worker to insert a swivel lifting eye into the lifting socket prior to lifting the casted reinforced concrete pile 20 out of the casting mould 70.
  • the casting mould 70 is used for casting reinforced concrete pile 20 having an elongated structure with a first end part 22 including a planar abutment surface of a first polygonal geometry and a second end part 26.
  • the reinforced concrete piles are preferably precasted concrete elements manufactured in at a larger manufacturing facility and delivered, ready to use, to the installation site. Pre-casted reinforced concrete piles can also be fabricated on site and tilted or lifted into position.
  • Fig 6A shows the step of placing the steel reinforcement cage 28'" into the casting mould 70 and steel reinforcement cage 28" comprising of a number of steel reinforcing bars 28' and additional steel reinforcement elements 28" extending in the circumference of the steel reinforcement cage 28"'.
  • the inserts 80 is made of anti-adherent synthetic material, without or with a built-in supporting body, made of metal or synthetic material.
  • the method further comprising the step of:

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  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
  • Foundations (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Fundament (10) für einen Freileitungsmast, Stromleitungsmast (12) oder dergleichen, umfassend einen Stahlbetonpfahl (20) mit Pfahlgewindebolzenverbinder (30):
    - wobei der Stahlbetonpfahl (20) eine langgestreckte Struktur mit einem ersten Endteil (22) mit einer ebenen Anlagefläche (24) einer ersten polygonalen Geometrie und einem zweiten Endteil (26) definiert, wobei Stahlverstärkungselemente (28) sich zwischen dem ersten Endteil (22) und dem zweiten Endteil (26) erstrecken, wobei die Pfahlgewindebolzenverbinder (30) in den Stahlbetonpfahl (20) eingebettet sind und jeweils einen freiliegenden Teil aufweisen, der sich über den ersten Endteil (22) hinaus erstreckt, und in einer zweiten polygonalen Geometrie positioniert und mit den Stahlverstärkungselementen (28) des Stahlbetonpfahls (20) verbunden sind, wobei die zweite polygonale Geometrie der ersten polygonalen Geometrie äquivalent ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Fundament ferner eine Anzahl von Dichtungen (40) und eine entsprechende Anzahl von Spannmuttern (501), (502), (503), (504) umfasst;
    - jeder der freiliegenden Teile der Pfahlgewindebolzenverbinder (30) umfasst: einen ersten Abschnitt (32) mit einem Gewindeabschnitt (33); einen zweiten Abschnitt (34) mit einer kreisförmigen Querschnittskonfiguration eines ersten Außendurchmessers (36); und einen Übergangsabschnitt (38), der den ersten Abschnitt (32) und den zweiten Abschnitt (34) verbindet,
    - wobei eine erste Schnittstelle (60), die sich zwischen dem ersten Abschnitt (32) und dem Übergangsabschnitt (38) jedes der Pfahlgewindebolzenverbinder (30) in einem ersten Abstand (d1) von der ebenen Anlagefläche (24) befindet,
    - wobei eine zweite Schnittstelle (62), die sich zwischen dem Übergangsabschnitt (38) und dem zweiten Abschnitt (34) jedes der Pfahlgewindebolzenverbinder (30) in einem zweiten Abstand (d2) von der ebenen Anlagefläche (24) befindet, wobei der erste Abstand (d1) größer als der zweite Abstand (d2) ist,
    - wobei jede der Dichtungen (40) eine Kreisform hat, die einen zweiten Innendurchmesser (42) und einen zweiten Außendurchmesser (44) definiert,
    - wobei die Spannmuttern (501), (502), (503), (504) umfassen: eine erste Endfläche (51), eine zweite Endfläche und eine zentrale Öffnung (54) mit einem konischen Abschnitt (55) an der zweiten Endfläche (52) zum Bereitstellen einer größeren Öffnung im Vergleich zu der zentralen Öffnung (54), wobei die zentrale Öffnung (54) ferner einen Innengewindeabschnitt an der ersten Endfläche (51) umfasst, der den Gewindeabschnitt (33) des Pfahlgewindebolzenverbinder (30) ergänzt,
    - wobei der zweite Innendurchmesser (42) der Dichtung (40) kongruent, mit dem ersten Außendurchmesser (44) jedes der zweiten Abschnitte (34) jedes der Pfahl-gewindebolzenverbinder (30) ist und wobei der zweiten Außendurchmesser (44) größer als der Innendurchmesser (59) des Innengewindeteils der Spannmuttern (501), (502), (503), (504) ist,
    - wobei die Spannmuttern (501), (502), (503), (504) so konfiguriert sind, dass sie relativ zu dem Gewindeabschnitt (33) der Pfahlgewindebolzenverbinder (30) gedreht werden, um zu ermöglichen, dass die Dichtungen (40) gegen die Pfahlgewindebolzen (30), den konischen Abschnitt (55) der Spannmuttern (501), (502), (503), (504) und die ebene Anlagefläche (24) zusammengedrückt sind, um eine Abdichtung gegenüber dem bereitzustellen Pfahlgewindebolzenverbinder (30) und der ebenen Anlagefläche (24) bereitzustellen.
  2. Fundament (10) nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Übergangsabschnitte (38) Gewindeabschnitte aufweisen, die sich über zwei Umdrehungen von einer Welle mit Vollgewinde zu einer ebenen Welle ohne Gewinde verjüngen.
  3. Fundament (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die zentrale Öffnung (54) der Spannmuttern (501), (502), (503), (504) einen Zwischenabschnitt mit einem zweiten Gewindeabschnitt aufweist, wobei sich der zweite Gewindeabschnitt zwischen dem konischen Abschnitt (55) und dem Innengewindeabschnitt erstreckt, wobei der zweite Gewindeabschnitt einen Durchmesser hat, der größer als der Gewindewinkel des Innengewindeabschnitts ist.
  4. Fundament (10) nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Innengewindeabschnitt sich über zwei Umdrehungen verjüngt.
  5. Fundament (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die zweiten Abschnitte (34) der Pfahlgewindebolzenverbinder (30) einfache Abschnitte ohne Gewinde sind.
  6. Fundament (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die Bewehrungselemente zusätzliche Stahlbewehrungselemente (28) umfassen, die sich im Umfang des Stahlbetonpfahls (20) erstrecken.
  7. Fundament (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Stahlbetonpfahl (20) eine vorgefertigte Struktur ist.
  8. Fundament (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei die zweite polygonale Geometrie und die erste polygonale Geometrie 3-12, vorzugsweise 4 betragen.
  9. Fundament (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, wobei der Stahlbetonpfahl (20) auf der Außenfläche sichtbare Markierungen zum Positionieren des ersten Endteils (22) 0,1-1 Meter über dem Bodenniveau aufweist, wenn der Stahlbetonpfahl (20) in den Boden gerammt wird.
  10. Fundament (10) nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Pfahlgewindebolzen (30) mit den Stahlbewehrungselementen (28) des Stahlbetonpfahls (20) durch Schweißen, vorzugsweise Reibschweißen, verbunden sind.
  11. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Fundaments (10) für einen Freileitungsmast (12), Stromleitungsmast oder dergleichen, umfassend einen Stahlbetonpfahl mit Pfahlgewindebolzenverbindern (30):
    - Bereitstellen des Stahlbetonpfahls (20), der eine längliche Struktur mit einem ersten Endteil (22) mit einer ebenen Anlagefläche (24) einer ersten polygonalen Geometrie und einem zweiten Endteil (26) definiert, wobei sich Stahlverstärkungselemente (28) zwischen dem ersten Endteil (22) und dem zweiten Endteil (26) erstrecken, wobei die Pfahlgewindebolzenverbinder (30) in den Stahlbetonpfahl (20) eingebettet sind und jeweils einen freiliegenden Teil aufweisen, der sich über den ersten Endteil (22) hinaus erstreckt und in einer zweiten polygonalen Geometrie positioniert und mit den Stahlverstärkungselementen (28) des Stahlbetonpfahls (20) verbunden sind, wobei die zweite polygonale Geometrie der ersten polygonalen Geometrie äquivalent ist,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Fundament ferner eine Anzahl von Dichtungen (40) und eine entsprechende Anzahl von Spannmuttern (501), (502), (503), (504) umfasst;
    - Bereitstellen jedes der exponierten Teile der Pfahlgewindebolzenverbinder (30) mit einem ersten Abschnitt (32), der einen Gewindeabschnitt enthält, einem zweiten Abschnitt (34) mit einer kreisförmigen Querschnittskonfiguration eines ersten Außendurchmessers (36) und einem Übergangsabschnitt (38), der den ersten Abschnitt (32) und den zweiten Abschnitt (34) verbindet,
    - Bereitstellen einer ersten Schnittstelle (60), die sich zwischen dem ersten Abschnitt (32) und dem Übergangsabschnitt (38) jedes der Pfahlgewindebolzenverbinder (30) in einem ersten Abstand (d1) von der ebenen Anlagefläche (24) befindet,
    - Bereitstellen einer zweiten Schnittstelle (62), die sich zwischen dem Übergangsabschnitt (38) und dem zweiten Abschnitt (34) jedes der Pfahlgewindebolzenverbinder (30) in einem zweiten Abstand (d2) von der ebenen Anlagefläche (24) befindet, wobei der erste Abstand (d1) größer ist als der zweite Abstand (d2) ist,
    - wobei jede der Dichtungen (40) eine Kreisform hat, die einen zweiten Innendurchmesser (42) und einen zweiten Außendurchmesser (44) bildet,
    - Bereitstellen der Spannmuttern (501), (502), (503), (504) mit einer ersten Endfläche (51), einer zweiten Endfläche (52) und einer zentralen Öffnung, die einen sich verjüngenden (55) Abschnitt an dem zweiten Oberflächenende (52) aufweist, zum Bereitstellen einer größeren Öffnung im Vergleich zu der zentralen Öffnung (54), wobei die zentrale Öffnung (54) ferner einen Innengewindeabschnitt an der ersten Endfläche (51), der den Gewindeabschnitt der Pfahl-gewindebolzenverbinder (30) ergänzt, umfasst,
    - wobei der zweite Innendurchmesser (42) der Dichtung (40) mit dem ersten Außendurchmesser (44) jedes der zweiten Abschnitte (34) jedes der Pfahlgewindebolzenverbinder (30) kongruent ist, und wobei der zweite Außendurchmesser (44) größer als der Innendurchmesser (36) des Innengewindeteils der Spannmuttern (501), (502), (503), (504) ist,
    - Drehen der Spannmuttern (501), (502), (503), (504) relativ zu dem Gewindeabschnitt der Pfahlgewindebolzenverbinder (30), Zusammendrücken der Dichtungen (40) in Richtung der Pfahlgewindebolzenverbinder (30), wobei der innere sich verjüngende Abschnitt (55) der Spannmuttern und der ebenen Anlagefläche (24) eine Abdichtung relativ zu den Pfahlgewindebolzenverbindern (30) und der ebenen Anlagefläche (24) herstellt.
  12. Verfahren zum Einrichten eines Fundaments (10) nach Anspruch 11, wobei ferner die Spannmuttern (501), (502), (503), (504) in einer vorbestimmten Spannsequenz gedreht werden, um eine vorgespannte Verbindung zwischen den Stahlbetonpfählen (20) und dem Freileitungsmast (12), dem Stromleitungsmast oder dergleichen bereitzustellen.
  13. Verfahren zum Gießen eines Fundaments (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, wobei das Verfahren die Schritte umfasst:
    - Bereitstellen einer Gießform mit zwei Formseitenwänden, einem ersten Formendteil (74) mit Öffnungen (75), einem zweiten Formendteil (76) und einem unteren Formteil,
    - Einsetzen mehrerer Antihaftelemente aus Kunststoff, Teflon oder dergleichen in die Öffnungen (75) des ersten Formendteils (74),
    - Einbringen von Stahlverstärkungselementen (28) in die Gießform und der sich zwischen dem ersten Endteil (22) und dem zweiten Endteil (26) der Gießform erstreckenden Stahlverstärkungselemente (28), wobei einer Anzahl von pfahlprofilierten Bolzenverbindern (30) mit den Stahlverstärkungselementen (28) verbunden ist und es den mit Pfahlgewinden versehenen Bolzenverbindern (30) ermöglicht, sich über das erste Formendteil (74) hinaus zu erstrecken,
    - Anordnen der entsprechenden Dichtung (40) und Festziehen der Spannmuttern (501), (502), (503), (504) an den schraubenförmigen Pfahlgewindeverbindern (30),
    - Beton in die Gießform gießen,
    - Gießen eines Stahlbetonpfahls (20), der eine langgestreckte Struktur mit einem ersten Endteil (22) mit einer ebenen Anschlagfläche (24) einer ersten polygonalen Geometrie und einem zweiten Endteil (24) definiert, wobei sich Stahlverstärkungselemente (28) zwischen dem ersten Endteil (22) und dem zweiten Endteil (24) erstrecken, wobei die Pfahlgewindebolzenverbinder (30) in den Stahlbetonpfahl (20) eingebettet sind und jeweils einen freiliegenden Teil aufweisen, der sich über den ersten Endteil (22) hinaus erstreckt und in einer zweiten polygonalen Geometrie positioniert und mit den Stahlverstärkungselementen (28) des Stahlbetonpfahls (20) verbunden ist, wobei die zweite polygonale Geometrie der ersten polygonalen Geometrie äquivalent ist.
  14. Verfahren zum Gießen eines Fundaments (10) nach Anspruch 13, wobei das Verfahren ferner den Schritt umfasst:
    - Anordnen der Pfahl-Gewindebolzenverbinder (30) in der Gießform, um einen Stahlbetonpfahl (20) mit einer ersten Grenzfläche (60) bereitzustellen, die zwischen dem ersten Abschnitt (32) und dem Übergangsabschnitt (38) jedes der Pfahlgewindebolzenverbinder (30) in einem ersten Abstand (d1) von der ebenen Anlagefläche (24) angeordnet ist, und eine zweite Schnittstelle (62), die zwischen dem Übergangsabschnitt und dem zweiten Abschnitt (34) jedes der Pfahlgewindebolzenverbinder (30) in einem zweiten Abstand (d2) von der ebenen Anlagefläche (24) angeordnet ist, wobei der erste Abstand (d1) größer als der zweite Abstand (d2) ist.
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EP4187018A1 (de) * 2021-11-30 2023-05-31 Centrum Pæle A/S Pfahlfundament und verfahren zum installieren eines pfahlfundaments

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CN106638935A (zh) * 2016-11-10 2017-05-10 中衡设计集团股份有限公司 嵌固于地下室的钢框架柱的嵌固节点
CN110587566A (zh) * 2019-08-06 2019-12-20 中国华冶科工集团有限公司 圆柱形桩基的桩位放线器

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PL67224Y1 (pl) * 2011-12-02 2014-06-30 Torpol Spółka Z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością Fundament palowy

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