EP3440457A1 - Banc de mesure et procédé d'estimation d'aimantations rémanentes sur carottes sédimentaires - Google Patents
Banc de mesure et procédé d'estimation d'aimantations rémanentes sur carottes sédimentairesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3440457A1 EP3440457A1 EP17717653.4A EP17717653A EP3440457A1 EP 3440457 A1 EP3440457 A1 EP 3440457A1 EP 17717653 A EP17717653 A EP 17717653A EP 3440457 A1 EP3440457 A1 EP 3440457A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- core
- probe
- magnetic field
- identification
- sediment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/72—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables
- G01N27/80—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating magnetic variables for investigating mechanical hardness, e.g. by investigating saturation or remanence of ferromagnetic material
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B49/00—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells
- E21B49/02—Testing the nature of borehole walls; Formation testing; Methods or apparatus for obtaining samples of soil or well fluids, specially adapted to earth drilling or wells by mechanically taking samples of the soil
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B25/00—Apparatus for obtaining or removing undisturbed cores, e.g. core barrels or core extractors
- E21B25/005—Above ground means for handling the core, e.g. for extracting the core from the core barrel
Definitions
- the present invention generally relates to magnetism applied to geosciences. It concerns the quantification of the magnetization of a sedimentary sample and more particularly the quantification of the variation of the remanent magnetizations along a portion of sedimentary core.
- the invention finds, for example, particularly advantageous for the fields of palaeo-climatology, paleoenvironments and sedimentary stratigraphy in the broad sense, including the detection of levels rich in particles derived from metallic pollutants STATE OF THE ART
- Environmental magnetism is increasingly used in a wide variety of scientific studies, for example in the fields of paleo-climatology, paleo-environments and sedimentary stratigraphy in the broad sense.
- a sedimentary core is often in the form of a core extending in a principal direction, designated by the long axis, and which has a constant section along this axis.
- the sediment core comprises at least one sedimentary portion obtained by coring. Very often, it also includes a gutter, for example plastic, section U.
- the sides of the U may have the same length or not. When this is the case, each side of the U measures for example 2 cm (10 "2 meters)
- the length of the sedimentary core, that is to say its dimension along its long axis is approximately 1.5 m.
- the gutter is filled with sediment. It is also present a lid.
- the gutter and the lid then form a protective envelope, preferably closed, to encapsulate the sediment.
- U-channel Such a sedimentary core is commonly referred to as the English word "U-channel”, meaning U-channel.
- the variation of the remanent magnetization along a sedimentary core depends on the sedimentary depositional conditions and therefore the climatic and tectonic conditions and the composition of the grains deposited.
- the remanent magnetization is for example generated by passing a sedimentary core in a Halbach ring.
- the existing magnetometers combine an acquisition of remanent magnetizations parallel to the long axis of the sedimentary core and a system of measurements with probes placed far from the sedimentary core (superconducting probes).
- An object of the present invention is to provide a solution for providing an acquisition and measurement of remanent magnetizations whose spatial resolution is improved.
- Another object of the present invention is to achieve this goal while reducing the cost or without significantly increasing the cost of existing solutions.
- the invention relates to a bench for measuring the magnetic field of a sedimentary core extending in a main direction, designated long axis, the measurement bench comprising at least:
- a measuring chamber comprising a fluxgate sensor arranged to be disposed opposite to and preferably in contact with a portion of sediment core so as to measure the magnetic field of said sediment core portion located opposite the probe valve of flow.
- the displacement device is configured to translate the sediment core relative to the probe valve flow so that the fluxgate sensor sequentially measures the magnetic field of a portion of succession of the sediment core.
- the displacement device is configured to translate the sediment core relative to the flow valve probe so that the flow valve probe is successively located in the magnetic field of a succession of portions of the core. sedimentary.
- the bench is configured such that the flux gate sensor measures the magnetic field almost continuously along the sediment core.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method for estimating remanent magnetizations of portions of a sedimentary core extending in a main direction, the method comprising at least the following steps:
- a "direct" identification of a plurality of possible values of remanent magnetization M- x , this first identification comprising:
- the value M. x of remanent magnetization is obtained by reversing the measurements of the magnetic field measured by the fluxgate probe.
- the translation and measuring steps are performed using the measuring bench according to the invention.
- the use of a fluxgate probe in combination with the other features of the present invention makes it possible to improve the spatial resolution of the sedimentary cores.
- the remanent magnetizations could be acquired only partially, the sections of the sedimentary core most concentrated in magnetic minerals saturating the superconducting magnetometer.
- the automated measuring bench according to the invention comprises a fluxgate probe.
- This type of probe is usually used for the measurement of ambient magnetic fields but is not used for the measurement of remanent magnetizations.
- the flow valve probe has shown an excellent sensitivity of the order of 1 nT.
- This field value is generated by "U-channels" having, according to the samples, magnetic moments of the order of 10 "8 Am 2 , detection values largely sufficient to measure isothermal remanent magnetizations, the background noise being of the order of 10 nT.
- the sensitivity can also be increased by accumulating measurements due to the measurement speed. This sensitivity therefore makes it possible to measure isothermal remanent magnetizations with great precision for most types of sediments.
- An unexpected result of the preliminary study is that the spatial resolution of the flow valve probe is two times better than the superconducting magnetometers.
- this solution entails a significantly lower cost than existing solutions, in particular solutions using superconducting magnetometers.
- the superconducting sensors are fragile and not very transportable.
- the measuring bench according to the invention is robust and much more easily transportable, in particular because of the absence of any equipment cryogenic. Furthermore, it is possible to separate the measurement chamber comprising the flow valve probe from the sections on which the sedimentary core moves to pass opposite the flow valve probe. This disassembly greatly facilitates the transportability of the measuring bench.
- the fluxgate probe does not saturate or saturate much less when the magnetizations are strong and makes it possible to measure fields of several tens of micro-tesla.
- the magnetometers commonly used are saturated from a micro-tesla. The flow valve probe therefore makes it possible to estimate a wider range of magnetization for high signal samples.
- the fluxgate probe makes it possible to obtain extremely fast measurement speeds in comparison with other types of magnetometers, typically of the order of 1 m of core per minute.
- the measurement speed can be increased according to the measurement step.
- the fluxgate probe provides excellent spatial resolution compared to superconducting magnetometers.
- the present invention relates to a computer program product or a computer-readable non-transitory medium, comprising instructions, which when performed by at least one processor, perform the steps of the method according to the present invention. the invention mentioned above, in particular step iii mentioned above.
- the step of determining a remanent magnetization M - x specific to each elementary volume comprises at least;
- Said "direct" identification of a plurality of possible values of remanent magnetization M- x comprising: The calculation of magnetic field values B -x from a plurality of arbitrarily chosen remanent magnetization values M- x ;
- both direct identification and reverse identification are performed, the possible values identified at the end of the direct identification serving as input values for reverse identification.
- the method according to the invention may have at least one of the following optional features and steps taken alone or in combination.
- said defining step is performed in such a way that each elementary volume of the sedimentary core has the same thickness, the thickness being measured along said main direction.
- said defining step is carried out so that each elementary volume of sedimentary core has a thickness that is independent of that of the other elementary volumes, the thickness being measured along said main direction.
- each elementary volume of sedimentary core has at least one homogeneity criterion also referred to as a significantly homogeneous sedimentological criterion, said criterion being taken from: a color, a texture.
- the method comprises a preliminary step of providing a sedimentary core having natural remanent magnetizations, then a step of transforming the remanent magnetizations into artificial remanent magnetizations, said transforming step comprising a passage of the sedimentary core in a Halbach ring.
- Another aspect of the present invention relates to an apparatus for estimating the remanent magnetizations of portions of a sedimentary sample forming a sedimentary core of rectangular section ("u-channel") and extending in a main direction, the apparatus comprising a measurement bench according to the invention and a calculation module arranged to implement the process steps mentioned above and in particular step iv.
- FIGURE 1 is a schematic perspective view of an exemplary measuring bench according to the invention.
- FIGURE 2 is an enlarged view of area A of Figure 1.
- FIGURE 3 is a view from above of the measuring bench shown in FIG.
- FIGURE 4 is a side view of the measuring bench shown in FIG.
- FIGURE 5 is a view along section B-B of the measuring bench illustrated in FIG.
- FIGURE 6 is a view along section C-C of the measuring bench illustrated in FIG.
- FIG. 7 illustrates steps of an exemplary method for estimating the remanent magnetizations according to the invention.
- FIGURE 8 is a schematic representation of a sediment sample forming a sediment core.
- FIGURE 9 is a schematic representation of a sample of sediments forming a sedimentary core after passage of the sedimentary core in a Halbach ring.
- FIGURES 10 to 13 illustrate steps of an inversion method used in the context of the present invention.
- FIG. 14 is a graph illustrating the spatial resolution of a signal emitted by a point source measured by a measurement bench according to the invention on the one hand and by a conventional superconducting magnetometer on the other hand.
- FIG. 15 is a graph illustrating the spatial resolution of a signal emitted by a synthetic core measured by a measuring bench according to the invention on the one hand and by a conventional superconducting magnetometer on the other, as well as a photograph of the synthetic carrot.
- the measuring chamber of the measuring bench comprises a magnetic shield forming a cylinder open at each of its ends, inside which are located the flow valve probe and said sedimentary core portion, preferably located in contact with or close to immediate flow valve probe.
- the magnetic shield comprises two layers of mu-metal. Each layer forms a sleeve. Both sleeves are concentric.
- the displacement device comprises a conveyor belt, driven in displacement by a motor, and wherein the conveyor belt passes through the measuring chamber.
- the motor is a stepper motor.
- the pitch is of the order of 560 microns.
- the distance between the flow valve probe and the sedimentary core portion is less than or equal to 6 mm (10 -3 m), preferably less than or equal to 2 mm, preferably less than or equal to 1 mm, preferably equal to 0 mm.
- the flow valve probe comprises a core.
- the core is preferably permalloy.
- the core is usually surrounded, at least in part, by one or more coils.
- Permalloy is a range of alloys with high permittivity.
- Permalloy is a range of alloys with magnetic properties to base of nickel and iron, and also often, to a lesser extent, molybdenum and manganese.
- the distance between the core and the sediment core portion is less than or equal to 6 mm (10 -3 meters), preferably less than or equal to 2 mm, preferably less than or equal to 1 mm, preferably equal to 0 mm .
- the flow valve probe comprises a valve and the distance between the valve and the sedimentary core portion is less than or equal to 6 mm (10 -3 meters), preferably less than or equal to 2 mm, preferably less than or equal to at 1 mm, preferably equal to 0 mm.
- the valve or the core are preferably not housed in a housing. This makes it possible to approach the core or valve of the sample as closely as possible. This improves the spatial resolution. Moreover, this makes it possible to have a lower detection threshold.
- the step of determining a remanent magnetization M - x specific to each elementary volume comprises at least;
- the remanent magnetizations are artificial remanent magnetizations, preferably isothermal.
- the sedimentary core has a square section of 2 cm and a length equal to or less than 1.5 m.
- the flow valve probe is arranged to be disposed in contact with the sedimentary core.
- the fluxgate probe is arranged to be disposed perpendicularly to the long axis of the sediment core so as to measure the produced magnetic field locally by the sediment core portion sample.
- the fluxgate probe is arranged to measure the magnetization perpendicular to the long axis of the core.
- the flow valve probe is configured to measure, perpendicular to said main direction, the magnetic field generated by said sediment core portion.
- the flow valve probe is arranged to measure perpendicularly to said main direction the magnetic field generated by said sediment core portion located opposite the flow valve probe.
- the measurement by the flow valve probe is synchronized with the translational displacement of the sedimentary core.
- the flow valve probe takes a measurement only when a displacement of the sedimentary core is completed to bring an elementary volume to the right of the flow valve probe.
- the measurement bench allows one-off measurements. Alternatively, it allows a measurement in scanner mode. The same measurement bench allows both types of measurement to be taken.
- the flow valve probe is located vertically below the sediment core when the sediment core is located at least partly in the measuring chamber.
- the displacement device is configured to translate the sediment core relative to the flow valve probe so that the fluxgate probe measures the magnetic field produced by the successive sedimentary layers.
- the sediment core portion is magnetized perpendicularly to its long axis with the aid of a ring Halbach.
- sample sediment sample or sedimentary core are interchangeable and indicate, as indicated in the section relating to the prior art, a portion of sediment extending in a main direction and which may be partially or completely encapsulated in an envelope.
- FIGS. 1 to 6 An example of a measuring bench according to the invention will now be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 6, then a method for estimating the remanent magnetizations will then be presented with reference to FIGS. 7 to 13.
- the measurement bench 1 generally comprises a nonmagnetic chamber 30 inside which a sedimentary core 100 is brought to measure the residual magnetizations.
- the nonmagnetic chamber 30 is carried by a frame 10 which also comprises a device for moving the sedimentary core 100 in order to move the latter from the outside to the inside of the nonmagnetic chamber 30.
- the frame 10 comprises vertical elements 13 resting on the work surface. These elements are in this example consist of profiles, typically aluminum. These vertical profiles 13 support an upper beam 1 1, preferably extending horizontally and intended to support the sedimentary core 100 and its conveyor belt 21. Preferably, at least one other beam 12, preferably horizontal and inferior, is integral. vertical profiles to ensure the robustness and stability of the test bench 1.
- the device for moving the sedimentary core 100 comprises the conveyor belt 21 which extends over and along the beam 11 and a carriage 25 attached to the conveyor belt 21 on which the sediment core 100 is intended. rest by gravity.
- the carriage 25 is inelastic and not very deformable.
- the carriage 25 extends over the entire length of the sedimentary core 100 and protrudes from the latter as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3. This makes it possible to fix the ends of the carriage 25 to the conveyor belt 21.
- the sedimentary core 100 rests directly on the belt 21.
- This conveyor belt 21 is closed or open when it is fixed to the ends of the carriage 25. It is driven in displacement by a motor 22 preferably stepwise, integral with the frame 10.
- pulleys 23, 24 are arranged on the frame 10 to guide the conveyor belt 21 by making a bevel gear from the upper beam 1 1 to the lower beam 12.
- the conveyor belt 21 when it arrives at the end of the upper beam 1 1, leaves between the upper beams 1 1 and lower 12, in the opposite direction, to the motor 22.
- the conveyor belt 21 thus allows a translation of the sedimentary core 100.
- the measurement bench comprises guides 26 configured to guide the translation of the sedimentary core 100 while avoiding its displacement transversely to the intended direction of translation.
- Two guides 26 are thus arranged on either side of the belt 21 and the carriage 25 as illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 3.
- the frame 10 supports the nonmagnetic chamber 30.
- the nonmagnetic chamber 30 comprises an inlet and an outlet. It is crossed right through by the sedimentary core 100 when the latter translates.
- the nonmagnetic chamber 30 includes a magnetic shield 31 configured to prevent external magnetic disturbances from interfering with the interior of the nonmagnetic chamber 30.
- This shield 31 typically comprises an inner layer 31 and an outer layer 32 each forming a cylindrical sleeve.
- each of the layers 31, 32 is in mumetal. These cylindrical sleeves appear in section in FIGS. 5 and 6.
- the nonmagnetic chamber 30 forms a housing 14 configured to contain a magnetic field sensor also called magnetometer.
- This magnetometer is a fluxgate probe 40, usually referred to as "fluxgate".
- fluxgate In FIGS. 5 and 6, for the sake of clarity, only one housing of the flow valve probe is shown.
- the flow valve probe 40 is located vertically below the sediment core 100 when the sediment core is at least partially located in the measuring chamber 30.
- This type of probe is used to measure ambient magnetic fields, for example the ambient magnetic field of a room.
- this type of probe is never used to measure the magnetic field of a sedimentary core "U-channel" and deduce the remanent magnetizations.
- the use of this flow gate probe provides many advantages.
- the sediment core 100 continuously translates past the flow valve probe 40. Furthermore, the measurement by the flow valve probe 40 is synchronized with the displacement in translation of the sediment core. Thus, it is possible to accurately trigger a measurement by the flow valve probe 40 for each of the portions 101 of the sediment core 100.
- the displacement of the carrot is carried out continuously.
- a measurement can be performed at regular intervals, for example every 560 ⁇ . This allows to analyze in 45 seconds 1 linear meter of sedimentary core. This analysis time can be reduced by increasing the translational speed of the core. Thus, at each linear section of the core only one measurement is made.
- the carrot is not not driven in translation about its long axis.
- the magnetic field that is captured by the fluxgate sensor corresponds to the magnetic field of the localized portion facing the flowgate probe.
- the measuring bench selectively enables a one-off measurement or scanner mode.
- a first step (step 710) consists in obtaining a sample in the form of a sedimentary core, for example of continuous section.
- This sedimentary core is typically obtained by coring in a sedimentary layer and then encapsulating in a protective envelope.
- FIG. 8 also shows a reference (x, y, z) in which:
- y positive axis towards the user of the invention, perpendicular (transverse) to the main direction along which the sedimentary core 100 extends;
- the direction of displacement 102 of the sedimentary core 100 is illustrated in FIG. 8.
- step 730 illustrated in FIG. 7 the sedimentary core 100 is then treated so as to make it lose its natural magnetization and transform it into a remanent magnetization.
- a Halbach ring whose properties well known to those skilled in the field of environmental magnetism, are for example described in the following publication Rochette, P., Vadeboin, F., Clochard, L. 2001. Rock magnetic applications of Halbach cylinders, Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 126, 109-1.
- the passage of the sample in the Halbach ring creates the remanent magnetization, so it is a preliminary passage to the measurement of the field generated by this artificial magnetization.
- the latter causes a saturation magnetization of the sediments in a predetermined direction (here -x).
- the other magnetizations are erased by the re-magnetization in the Halbach ring unless there is a signal of high coercivity. Very often the natural remanent magnetization is erased during treatments that arrive well before the passage in the Halbach ring.
- Figure 9 illustrates the distribution and intensities of the magnetizations in the sedimentary core after passage through the Halbach ring.
- Each elementary volume 101 is considered to have uniform magnetization.
- Each magnetization vector is at the center of an elementary volume 101.
- the height of each arrow illustrates the intensity of the measured magnetic field for the elementary volume associated with it.
- the sediment core 100 when present in the nonmagnetic chamber 30, is disposed in contact with the flow valve.
- this plastic envelope has a thickness of 2 mm (10 "3 meters) This distance is denoted” d "in FIG.
- the flow valve probe comprises a core.
- the core is preferably permalloy.
- the core and the portion of sedimentary core are in contact or at least at a distance less than or equal to 6 mm (10 -3 meters), preferably less than or equal to 2 mm, preferably less than or equal to 1 mm.
- This zero or very low distance makes it possible to perfectly control the distance between the fluxgate probe and the sample portion whose magnetic field it is desired to measure. This makes it possible to approach the core or valve of the sample as closely as possible. This improves the spatial resolution. Moreover, this makes it possible to have a lower detection threshold.
- the remanent magnetization is acquired perpendicular to the measurement face thanks to the Halbach ring.
- the main face 41 is arranged at the right of a portion 101 of the sedimentary core 100.
- the section of the sedimentary core 100 being rectangular, each portion forms a rectangular elementary volume.
- the elementary volumes or portions are referenced in FIG. 9. In the example illustrated, the elementary volumes each form a prism.
- the latter measures a magnetic field: that corresponding mainly to the effect of the magnetization of the elementary volume 101 located at the right of the main face 41 of the probe 40. But the magnetization of the adjacent elementary volumes will also influence the value of the measurement.
- the dimensions of the main face 41 are as follows: Width of 2 cm
- the width and the length are taken in dimensions respectively perpendicular and parallel to the main direction in which the sedimentary core 100 extends (the long axis of the sedimentary core).
- the magnetic shield 31 has an internal diameter large enough to accommodate both the flow valve probe 40 and the portion 101 of the sediment core 100 located at the right of the main face 41 of the probe 40.
- the sediment core 100 is then placed on the measuring bench and oriented so that the fluxgate probe 40 measures the magnetic field of the portion 101 of the sedimentary core 100 disposed at the right of its main face 41.
- the sedimentary core 100 passes through the non-magnetic chamber 31.
- the probe 40 measures the magnetic field according to a predefined measurement step, each measurement being thus influenced by the portion 101 of the sedimentary core 100 (at the right of the sensor), but also by the adjacent portions (step 740).
- the magnetic field measurements made by the flow valve probe 40 are then transmitted to the calculation module.
- the latter can be integrated in the measurement bench, for example in a control module comprising a control card 50 of the measurement bench 1 or alternatively be deported from the latter by being in wired or wireless communication with the latter.
- the magnetic field measurements made by the flow valve probe 40 thus constitute a first type of incoming data for the calculation module to determine an estimate of the remanent magnetizations.
- a second type of incoming data consists of data from a sedimentological analysis of the sedimentary core forming "U-channel". This second type of data concerns the thickness of successive unit volumes forming the sedimentary core. The thickness of the unit volumes is taken according to the principal direction according to which the sedimentary core extends, that is to say along the z axis on the reference (x, y, z) of FIG.
- each elementary volume has a single homogeneous magnetization, each elementary volume being intended to correspond to a single sedimentological sequence
- each elementary volume 101 can be defined independently of the thicknesses of the other volumes. elementary 101. Alternatively, all the elementary volumes 101 have the same thickness. As far as possible, each section has a certain homogeneity for the parameter (s) used to delimit the thickness of each elementary volume. Thus, each elementary volume 101 has a certain homogeneity of color or texture, and has a color or texture different from that of the adjacent section.
- the calculation module then provides an estimate of the remanent magnetization of each elementary volume 101 of the sedimentary core 100.
- the uniaxed fluxgate probe 40 measures the magnetic field along the (-x) direction, positively upward.
- the term B -x will be used to designate the magnetic field measured by the fluxgate sensor in this direction.
- FIG. 10 illustrates the rendering of the magnetic field measurements (B- x ) along the sediment core 100.
- each sedimentary sequence will be assimilated to a rectangular elemental volume (a section of the sedimentary core), in which a single homogeneous magnetization (M- x ) 'is considered.
- the elementary volumes each form a rectangular prism.
- N elementary volumes of the same thickness By default, in the approach below we consider N elementary volumes of the same thickness. Nevertheless and as indicated above, the invention extends to the embodiments making it possible to constrain these thicknesses by prior visual analysis as has been indicated with reference to steps 750, 760 of FIG. 7 and as will be detailed later. .
- the standard thickness is equal to the interval between two measurements, with the center of each elemental volume placed under each measurement, so N corresponds to the number of measurements.
- the method according to the invention then provides two main steps: a direct modeling step and an inversion step to find a series of dipole moments associated with each rectangular elementary volume.
- Step 1 direct modeling
- the first step is to directly model the magnetization variations of the sedimentary core in each elemental volume using a basic trial and error method.
- M -x ((M -x ) 1 , (M -x ) 2 , (M -x ) 3 , (Mx) N )
- the algorithm will find which best predicts the observations B x .
- the equation connecting a measurement B. x and a magnetic rectangular elementary volume (here according to (-x)) is the following one: Equation (1)
- the reference (-y, -z, x) comes from the fact that, in this publication, the equations are defined in a reference (N, E, vertical) while the invention preferably provides a specific reference to the use of a U-channel sample, this specific reference being defined above with reference to FIG. 8.
- Each measure B -x can be influenced by several adjacent elementary volumes.
- Figure 1 1 illustrates the prior and final models of this so-called 'direct' stage. In this figure the elementary volumes have the same thickness.
- the figure at the top shows an example of modeling to exclude. In fact, the predicted data and the measured data are too different.
- the bottom figure illustrates an example of possible and improvable modeling. In fact, the predicted data and the measured data are closer than in the figure above.
- Step 2 Inversion to find a series of dipole moments
- the second step consists in precisely determining all the values m -x of the sequence of elementary volumes which will best explain the data B. x , using an inverse method. This is to start from the data B x (inputs) to find the parameters m -x (outputs). Since equation (1) is not simply reversible, the method according to the invention provides for using the equation of a dipole:
- M -x is the magnetization intensity (of each prism) in A / m.
- m -x is the intensity of the moment of each dipole in Am 2
- the dipole moment corresponds to the product of the magnetization (in A / m) by the volume considered (in m 3 , here the volume of a rectangular elementary volume).
- the analogy with a dipole corresponds in fact to a concentration of magnetization in the center of each elementary volume. This is a disadvantage considering the reality of the sedimentary sequences, but the measurement step, therefore the spacing between two dipoles, is small enough to annihilate the inconsistency between an elementary volume and a dipole.
- the dipole has the advantage of an equation easily differentiable, even if the relation between B. x and m -x remains non-linear.
- the criterion of least squares, D2 is calculated at each step via: E uation (4)
- N the number of data. The iterations stop when this criterion is weak and stable since a few iterations, and that the parameters do not vary any more significantly.
- the invention provides different means for controlling the convergence and the calculation time of the inversion.
- the method provides for example the adjustment of the initial standard deviations associated with data B -x and m -x parameters, the calculation of the final distribution of residues between data and predictions, etc.
- it is mainly the result of the previous step of direct modeling that makes it possible to quickly converge the algorithm towards a robust solution, by proposing values of m -x at the beginning of the inversion which are already quasi-ideal, by exploring only 'locally' the possible values.
- the values chosen at the end of the direct identification step which values are therefore considered as possible, are used to start the calculation during the reverse identification step.
- the algorithm works autonomously optimizing all these control levers to ensure a robust result the first time.
- the final 'mathematical' product of the inversion thus corresponds to a series of dipoles whose positions (previously determined by the position of the data) and the moments (in Am 2 ) according to (-x) determined by the inversion are known. If necessary, the algorithm then converts dipole moments into magnetization (in A / m) by dividing each moment by the volume of an elementary volume. Figure 12 illustrates this second step.
- the method takes into account the thicknesses of elementary volumes defined by the user. As indicated in steps 750, 760 of Figure 7, is carried out, prior to estimation, a prior description of the core forming the sediment core. This description makes it possible to delimit perfectly all the sequences of sedimentary deposits in the sedimentary core. The number of elementary volumes (and therefore dipoles) will be different from the number of measurements. Cases where the analysis resolution makes it possible to obtain more elementary volumes than possible measurements are preferably excluded.
- Step 1 proceeds as described above, except that the number of test cases is reduced because nmx N becomes nmx Np .
- FIG. 13 illustrates this alternative embodiment.
- the bottom figure shows an example of modeling to exclude. In fact, the predicted data and the measured data are too different.
- the bottom figure illustrates an example of possible and improvable modeling.
- Step 2 of inversion is just as similar as the description presented above, with Np parameters for N measurements. If the elementary volumes resulting from the analysis are few, then the fact of focusing all the magnetization in one single point (dipole) is not necessarily ideal, but it also makes it possible to increase the speed of convergence of the inversion. As indicated above, the invention makes it possible to obtain an excellent spatial resolution as compared to the superconducting magnetometers.
- Figure 14 clearly illustrates the gain that the invention brings in terms of spatial resolution. Indeed, in this figure, it can be seen that for the same core, the measurement bench according to the invention, equipped with a fluxgate probe, makes it possible to obtain for a point source a half-peak width of about 8. mm (curve 141), while this width is 48 mm when the measurement is made with a device equipped with a conventional superconducting magnetometer (curve 142).
- the curve 141 corresponds to a measurement (Tesla) of the magnetic field by a flow valve probe and that the curve 142 corresponds to a measurement (Amperes m 2 ) of the magnetic moment by a superconducting magnetometer.
- the values obtained have been standardized to be more easily compared on the graph of this FIG.
- this advantage that the invention provides in terms of spatial resolution also allows a better identification of the dipole sources in the cores.
- the example of FIG. 15 clearly shows that the invention makes it possible to identify four sources in the core (curve 151) while a device provided with a superconducting magnetometer according to the prior art only reveals a single peak very wide (curve 152).
- the invention makes it possible to provide a reliable, reproducible and simple estimate of the residual magnetization of sedimentary cores, in particular of sedimentary cores having a strong magnetization.
- Another object of the present invention is to propose such a solution while reducing the cost compared to equipment provided with superconducting magnetometers.
- the invention is not limited to the previously described embodiments and extends to all the embodiments covered by the claims. In particular it extends to all types of sedimentary cores which extend mainly in a preferred direction.
- the section of the core along this axis may be constant or not.
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- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)
- Geophysics And Detection Of Objects (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1653142A FR3050030B1 (fr) | 2016-04-08 | 2016-04-08 | Banc de mesure et procede d'estimation d'aimantations remanentes sur carottes sedimentaires |
| PCT/EP2017/058489 WO2017174815A1 (fr) | 2016-04-08 | 2017-04-10 | Banc de mesure et procédé d'estimation d'aimantations rémanentes sur carottes sédimentaires |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3440457A1 true EP3440457A1 (fr) | 2019-02-13 |
Family
ID=56087414
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP17717653.4A Withdrawn EP3440457A1 (fr) | 2016-04-08 | 2017-04-10 | Banc de mesure et procédé d'estimation d'aimantations rémanentes sur carottes sédimentaires |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20190154633A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP3440457A1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3020228A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3050030B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2017174815A1 (fr) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3965413A (en) * | 1974-07-29 | 1976-06-22 | Chevron Research Company | Determination of the polarity of remanent magnetization of an earth formation penetrated by a bore hole using a highly accurate magnetometer followed by processing of resulting as well as associated data |
| FR2564601B1 (fr) * | 1984-05-15 | 1987-02-06 | Petroles Cie Francaise | Appareil d'exploration magnetique pour trou de forage |
| US4854163A (en) * | 1987-09-28 | 1989-08-08 | Amoco Corporation | Beltless core conveyor system for wellsite analysis |
| FR2792420B1 (fr) * | 1999-04-19 | 2001-06-08 | Jean Pierre Martin | Dispositif permettant d'orienter des carottes de forage |
-
2016
- 2016-04-08 FR FR1653142A patent/FR3050030B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2017
- 2017-04-10 WO PCT/EP2017/058489 patent/WO2017174815A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2017-04-10 EP EP17717653.4A patent/EP3440457A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2017-04-10 CA CA3020228A patent/CA3020228A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2017-04-10 US US16/091,744 patent/US20190154633A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20190154633A1 (en) | 2019-05-23 |
| CA3020228A1 (fr) | 2017-10-12 |
| FR3050030B1 (fr) | 2019-05-03 |
| FR3050030A1 (fr) | 2017-10-13 |
| WO2017174815A1 (fr) | 2017-10-12 |
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