EP3440415A1

EP3440415A1 - Adsorption heat pump and method for operating an adsorption heat pump

Info

Publication number: EP3440415A1
Application number: EP17705095.2A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Ralph Herrmann; Walter Mittelbach
Original assignee: Fahrenheit GmbH
Current assignee: Fahrenheit GmbH
Priority date: 2016-04-06
Filing date: 2017-02-13
Publication date: 2019-02-13
Also published as: DE102016106234A1; US11441823B2; JP6818043B2; KR20190003557A; WO2017174235A1; JP2019510954A; CN109477671A; DE102016106234B4; BR112018070278A2; US20190113258A1; CN109477671B

Abstract

The invention relates to an adsorption heat pump, having an adsorber device, comprising a solid adsorbent, an evaporator, a condenser or an evaporator/condenser and an operating medium in an operating circuit, wherein the operating circuit has a gaseous half-circuit between the evaporator, the adsorber device and the condenser or the evaporator/condenser and the adsorber device, in which gaseous half-circuit the operating medium is gaseous, and a liquid half-circuit which is configured between the evaporator and the condenser and in which the operating medium is liquid, wherein the liquid half-circuit contains a liquid functional medium which can be mixed with the operating medium and lowers the vapor pressure of the operating medium, with a vapor pressure at 25°C of below 0.2 mbar. In a method for operating an absorption heat pump with an operating circuit comprising an adsorber, an evaporator and a condenser or an evaporator/condenser and an operating medium which is circulated between the adsorber, the evaporator and the condenser, the operating medium is mixed, when running through the operating circuit, within the liquid half-circuit with a liquid functional medium which lowers the vapor pressure, and the operating medium is separated from the functional medium before the transfer into the gaseous half-circuit of the operating circuit.

Description

Adsorption heat pump and method for operating a

adsorption

description

The invention relates to an adsorption heat pump according to claim 1 and a method for operating an adsorption heat pump according to claim 13.

Adsorption heat pumps consist in their basic structure of an evaporator and a condenser and an adsorber. In the operation of such systems, a working medium is driven between these components. The

Working medium is adsorbed in a first step in the adsorber. Since it goes in the evaporator in the gas phase, which is absorbed at the evaporator heat from the environment. In a second step, the working medium is expelled at the adsorber. The necessary external

Energy is supplied for example by the use of waste heat. The expelled working fluid is re-liquefied in the condenser and releases heat. Through this process, heat is pumped from the evaporator to the side of the condenser. Such a heat pump can be executed without moving parts.

Often, the evaporator and the condenser can be combined in one component. This component then forms a so-called evaporator / condenser. Here, the condensation takes place as well as the evaporation of the working medium in the same place. Also possible are double-acting adsorption heat pumps, in which the condenser and the evaporator alternate in their functions and thus can act both as a condenser and as an evaporator depending on the power stroke. As a working medium, for example, water is used. But it can also be used other substances.

In such systems, the evaporators often prove to be the components of the working cycle whose structure has a performance-limiting effect, because for a given component size and surface can only limited amounts of Be evaporated working medium. A change of the working medium, z. As the use of methanol or ammonia instead of water, can offer only very limited performance increases here, which also have to be bought with additional disadvantages. Most of the alternative working media to water have the disadvantage that they are flammable and / or toxic. The possible increase in the evaporation performance is in the overall view in an unfavorable ratio.

It is known that the pressure of a liquid with dissolved substances is generally lower than that of the pure liquid. The addition of dissolved substances thus increases the energy required for the evaporation of the

Working medium. Accordingly, the evaporator capacity per unit of volume is increased. Is used as a working medium z. As water used, so can

For example, salts are added. However, the use of soluble solids leads to undesirable accumulations and crystal formations in the evaporator and can promote its corrosion.

If organic liquids are dissolved in the working medium in order to lower the vapor pressure, not only is the working medium usually evaporated, but the organic component or any decomposition products are also converted into the gas phase. These additional components in the gas phase thereby raise the pressure in the vacuum system, whereby the performance of the adsorber is significantly reduced. This adverse effect also occurs in inorganic liquid additives, eg. For example, acids. These additives also gas out strongly. In addition, acids are extraordinary because of their strong aggressiveness

not suitable.

It is therefore the object to remedy the disadvantages mentioned.

In particular, a possibility should be given to lower the vapor pressure of the working medium, without the mentioned disadvantageous

Side effects occur. In addition, there is also the task that

Components of the working cycle of the adsorption heat pump

more resistant to corrosion or frost and also to improve the wetting behavior and the thermal contact between working fluid and heat transfer surface in the evaporator and in the condenser. On the one hand, we are looking for a correspondingly improved adsorption heat pump as well as a method for operating an adsorption heat pump, wherein said disadvantages are avoidable.

The object is achieved by an adsorption heat pump having the features of claim 1 and a method for operating an adsorption heat pump having the features of claim 14

Dependent claims contain expedient and / or advantageous embodiments of the device or the method.

The adsorption heat pump comprises an adsorber device containing a solid adsorbent, an evaporator, a condenser or a

Evaporator / condenser and a working medium in a working group. In this case, the working cycle between the evaporator, the adsorber and the condenser or the evaporator / condenser and the

Adsorbereinrichtung on a gas half circle, in which the working medium is gaseous and formed between the evaporator and the condenser liquid half-circle, in which the working fluid is liquid. The Flüssigighalbkreis contains a miscible with the working fluid liquid, the vapor pressure of the working medium lowering functional fluid.

The adsorption heat pump according to the invention is based on the idea of at least partially admixing the working medium in the sections in which it is in liquid form in the working cycle, which positively influences the properties of the working medium. The functional medium practically does not pass into the gas phase, it is not adsorbed or desorbed significantly, in particular in the adsorber device.

This behavior is ensured by a low vapor pressure of the functional medium, the z. B. at 25 ° C is less than 1% of the vapor pressure of the working medium. For the Arbeitsmed ium water is therefore a

Functional medium with a vapor pressure at 25 ° C of 0.2 mbar suitable.

In one embodiment, a mixing branch is provided in the liquid half-circle from the condenser to the evaporator, in which there is a depleted mixture of the functional medium and the working medium is, while leading from the evaporator to the condenser

Rückführungszweig (RF) is present, in which there is an enriched mixture of the functional medium with water or pure functional medium. The terms "enriched" and "depleted" mean that the proportion of the functional medium in the working medium in the enriched

State has a high value and in the depleted state assumes a lower value compared.

In this embodiment, a circuit for the functional medium

provided in which it in the liquid half circle with the working medium in

Mixture occurs is entrained, finally at least partially demixed and returned as an enriched mixture to again with

Working medium to be mixed to a depleted mixture.

In a further embodiment, the liquid half circle has at least one reservoir containing the functional medium or a mixture of functional medium and working medium, supply and discharge lines between the reservoir and the evaporator and / or the condenser and / or in the path of the working medium between the condenser and the evaporator are provided. In this variant, the functional medium can be cached and distributed from there. The flow of material between the reservoir and the other components can be separated with suitable valves.

In another embodiment, the functional medium remains permanently in the evaporator and is stored there. The evaporator serves as a reservoir for the functional medium. At the same time, the operating medium of the evaporator is positively influenced by the functional medium.

In a further embodiment, a condensate return is provided between the condenser and the evaporator, on the same time to a running in the evaporator evaporation and in the condenser

Consecutive condensation, a transfer of Antei len of the condensed working medium from the condenser in the evaporation process within the evaporator is executable. This makes it possible during the

Evaporation process in the evaporator, the ratio between To regulate working medium and functional medium within a certain range.

In an embodiment with evaporator / condenser that is

Function medium as a permanent liquid supply in

Evaporator / condenser before. The working fluid condenses in the

Function medium into it and is evaporated from the functional medium out again. The functional medium itself remains in the

Evaporator / condenser and is neither significantly absorbed nor

desorbed.

In a further embodiment, the functional medium is a

Heat transfer medium in a the evaporator and / or the condenser or the evaporator / condenser with external heat sources and / or

Heat sinks connecting, provided in the direction of the Adsorptionswärmepumpe hydraulic circuit. The functional medium fulfills one here

Dual function as a vapor pressure reducing medium in the working circuit on the one hand and as a heat transfer medium on the other. The fact that the hydraulic circuit is open here means, in particular, that the hydraulic circuit is not thermally coupled via a heat transfer surface. Rather, the

Heat transfer completed so that the working medium directly into the

Function medium condensed into or evaporated out of it and thus heat on the mixture and segregation between working medium and

Function medium is transmitted.

In one embodiment, the reservoir in the liquid half circle serves as

Dosing unit for setting a defined quantity ratio between the working medium and the functional medium.

In one embodiment, the reservoir is designed as a demixing device for the working medium, in which a segregation between the

Working medium and the functional medium is executable and changed the working medium and / or the functional medium via separate outputs in

Concentrations from the segregated areas is derivable. The reservoir is in a variant on a defined

Demixing tempered container, wherein the

Demixing a critical ratio between the

Working medium and the functional medium corresponds.

The functional medium in one embodiment is an ionic liquid, in particular consisting of alkylated or non-alkylated cations in the form of imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, guanidinium, uronium, thiouronium, piperidinium, morpholinium, ammonium and phosphonium and of anions in the form of halides, tetrafluoroborates, Trifluoroacetates, triflates,

Hexafluorophosphates, phosphinates or tosylates.

In a further embodiment, the functional medium is a

wetting-promoting additive. In a further embodiment, the functional medium is a frost-protecting and / or corrosion-inhibiting agent. At the same time, these agents and additives may also be ionic liquids.

A method of operating an adsorption heat pump with a

Working cycle of an adsorber, an evaporator and a condenser or an evaporator / condenser and a circulating between the adsorber, the evaporator and the condenser working fluid is carried out so that the working fluid is mixed when passing through the working circuit within the liquid half-circle with a liquid vapor pressure reducing functional fluid and for the passage into the gas half circle of the working cycle of the functional medium is at least partially remixed.

In one embodiment of the method, the capacitor and the

Evaporator coupled by a controlled condensate return together, the ratio between the working medium and the

Function medium in the evaporator is adjusted by the recycled via the condensate return amount of the working medium.

In one embodiment, the liquid working medium of entrained shares of the functional medium at the latest before the passage from the

Liquid half-circle in the gas semi-circle via a segregation device at least partially demixed, wherein from the demixing a removal of the Arbeitsmed ium and / or the functional medium from resulting segregated shares in the evaporator and / or the capacitor in the working circuit of the adsorption heat pump takes place.

In one embodiment, the separation device is tempered to a characteristic for the mixture of the working medium and the functional medium segregation temperature.

In one variant, the segregation of work equipment and

Function medium in the evaporator. This will be especially normal

Evaporation process carried out as part of the operation of the adsorption heat pump.

In one embodiment, the functional medium or a mixture of the working medium and the functional medium are stored in a reservoir within the liquid half circle of the working cycle and discharged from there into the liquid half circle, wherein a predetermined ratio between the working medium and the functional medium is set.

In one embodiment, the functional medium is directed from the reservoir into the evaporator, wherein in the evaporator an interruption of the

Evaporation of the working medium caused by a lowering of the vapor pressure or rinsing of the working medium is performed.

The adsorption heat pump according to the invention and the method for operating the adsorption heat pump will be described below with reference to FIG

Embodiments will be explained in more detail. For clarity, the attached figures serve. The same reference numbers are used for identical or equivalent parts.

It shows:

1 shows an exemplary construction of an adsorption heat pump in a first embodiment, 2 shows an exemplary construction of an adsorption heat pump in a second embodiment,

3 shows an exemplary structure of an adsorption heat pump in a third embodiment,

4 shows an exemplary structure of an adsorption heat pump in a fourth embodiment,

5 shows an exemplary structure of an adsorption heat pump in a fifth embodiment,

Fig. 6 shows an exemplary construction of an evaporator with

Return connections of the mixture of the working medium,

7 shows an exemplary representation of the demixing and recycling of a demixed phase of the functional medium,

8 shows an exemplary representation of an adsorption heat pump, each with a reservoir in the condensate return and in the

Functional medium recirculation.

Fig. 1 shows a first embodiment of the inventive Shen

Adsorption.

The adsorption heat pump includes an adsorber Ad, which is formed in the example given here in the form of second Teiladsorber Adl and Ad2. The adsorber is connected by means of switching valves VI to V4. Furthermore, the adsorption heat pump includes an evaporator V and a condenser K.

The working medium, for example water, is adsorbed in the adsorber on a solid adsorbent. As a result, the evaporator V is in a gaseous state. The evaporator takes heat from the

Environment up. In a further step, the working medium is expelled from the adsorber, for example by supplying external waste heat. The working medium then passes in the gaseous state nda in the condenser K and is liquefied there. In this case, it dissipates the heat absorbed by the evaporator together with the heat supplied to the adsorber. The working medium then returns via a return in liquid form the evaporator. This completes the working cycle of

Adsorption.

The working cycle A formed between evaporator V, adsorber Ad and condenser K thus contains sections in which the working medium in gaseous form and a section in which the working medium is in liquid form. The part of the working group in which the working medium is gaseous is hereinafter referred to as gas half circle G. Accordingly, the portion in which the working fluid is liquid, referred to as liquid half circle F.

The in Fig. Embodiment shown as well as the embodiments discussed in the following figures refer exclusively to the processes in the liquid half circle F of the working group of the adsorption heat pump, unless explicitly addressed in the gas half circle G operations.

The working medium is within the Flüssigighalbkreises F with a

Mixed functional medium. Within the gas semicircle G, in which the

Working medium has gone into the gas phase, however, is no functional medium. This means that the working medium of the

Function medium is separated at the latest in the evaporator V and at the earliest in the condenser K with the functional medium again enters a mixing contact.

The functional medium can perform different tasks. In this case, the working medium mixed with the functional medium enters the evaporator V via a mixing branch M of the liquid half-circle. In the now taking place evaporation process is a segregation of

Working medium of the functional medium. The functional medium remains in the evaporator and accumulates there. This changes that Quantity ratio in the mixture of working medium and functional medium. In order to regulate the quantitative ratio during the evaporation process, in the example shown here a functional medium return FR

intended. About the function medium feedback is one with the

Function medium enriched mixture from the evaporator V in the

Condenser K transferred.

The function medium return FR is linked in the example shown here with an operation of the adsorption heat pump, in which the evaporation and the condensation of the working medium take place simultaneously. In conjunction therewith, the adsorber Ad is in two sub-adsorber Ad and Ad2

subdivided and connected to a valve device VI to V4. While the first Teiladsorber Ad l performs an adsorption process while the

Evaporates the working medium in the evaporator V causes the second Teiladsorber Ad2 performs a desorption of the working medium, which condenses in the condenser. Thus, from the temporally simultaneous condensation condensate there is transferred from the condenser into the evaporator and there sets the ratio between the Arbeitsmediu m and the

Function medium to a certain value.

The remaining in the evaporator functional fluid is removed in the present example again from the evaporator. It returns via the functional medium return FR in the condenser K. Das

Functional medium can in this case in the condenser as an antifreeze, a

Corrosion inhibitor or act as a wetting the capacitor promoting liquid.

In principle, therefore, in the example of FIG. 1, the liquid half-circle F is the

Adsorptionswärmepumpe supplemented by a functional fluid circuit in which the functional medium is mixed at a first point, here in the condenser, with the working fluid, then carried along with the working fluid and finally from the working fluid, here in the evaporator, separated, whereupon it again to the place of a renewed mixing contact is returned to the working medium. Fig. 2 shows another embodiment of the adsorption heat pump. The adsorption heat pump here also contains the evaporator V, the

Adsorber Ad and the condenser K. Both the evaporator and the condenser K are here via internal heat exchanger and

Heat transfer circuits Wl and W2 with external heat sources and

Heat sinks connected, which may be formed in particular as low-temperature sources and medium temperature sinks.

In the present example, the functional medium is located in a reservoir R and is fed from there into the evaporator and / or the condenser or returned to the reservoir again. The reservoir can be designed differently, as will be shown in more detail below. Here, in particular, a demixing device is possible, in which the functional medium is separated from the working medium, wherein the segregated components can be conducted in varying quantities to the evaporator, the condenser or any other location in the liquid half circle F.

3 shows an embodiment of an adsorption heat pump in which the heat transfer medium circuits W1 and W2 on the evaporator V and on the condenser K are designed as open hydraulic circuits. In the condenser, the existing there heat transfer circuit W2 also be hydraulically open, but also closed.

In these open hydraulic circuits circulates the functional medium and thus additionally serves as a heat transfer and heat transfer medium with a direct material and mixing contact with the working medium in

Working cycle of the adsorption heat pump. The circulating in the heat transfer fluid mixture of the working medium and the functional medium ensures in particular that the circuits Wl and W2 do not freeze. The mixture of the functional medium and the working medium is demixed as described in the evaporator during the evaporation process and sucked into the gas half circle G of the working circuit, wherein the functional medium remains in the heat transfer circuit Wl, cools and on the

Heat transfer from the external low temperature source directly into the

Evaporation process tracks heat. Accordingly, the working medium in the condenser condenses into the functional medium of the open hydraulic circuit W2 and releases heat into the functional medium, which is transported to a medium-temperature sink.

4 shows an embodiment of the adsorption heat pump in which the functional medium is provided exclusively in the evaporator V. The

Working medium passes in liquid form from the condenser K into the evaporator V and forms a mixture with a reduced vapor pressure with the functional medium FM present there. The one shown here

However, embodiment may also have a condensate return. However, the functional medium is not out of the evaporator out, in particular not in the condenser. However, it can be collected in a reservoir, not shown here.

In the embodiment of FIG. 4, the evaporator simultaneously fulfills, in addition to the evaporator function, the function of the reservoir for the functional medium and the function of a demixing device.

Fig. 5 shows an embodiment of the adsorption heat pump in which the evaporator and the condenser are structurally combined in a combined evaporator / condenser V / K. Depending on the power stroke of the evaporator / condenser is used as an evaporator for the working fluid, wherein heat is absorbed, or as a condenser, the working fluid emits heat when condensing. In such a case, the evaporator / condenser is usually coupled to an externally connected heat transfer circuit W, which alternately introduces heat from a low-temperature source or

Dissipates heat to a medium temperature sink.

In this embodiment, the gas half circle G of the

Adsorption heat pump from the connecting line between the

Evaporator / condenser V / K and the adsorber Ad. Of the

Liquid half circle F, however, consists essentially only of the

Evaporator / condenser itself, in particular from the sections of

Evaporator / condenser, from which evaporates the Arbeitsmed ium or in which it is condensed again and thus in liquid form and mixed with the functional medium.

The functional medium FM is permanently in the here

Evaporator / condenser. It can be a permanent one in particular

Liquid level form, in which the condensed working fluid

collected and evaporated out of it.

By contrast, no functional medium is located in the adsorber device. There it is adsorbed or desorbed there exclusively the unmixed working fluid in a solid adsorbent ads.

In the following, some components and interconnections of components of the adsorption heat pump will be explained in more detail by means of examples. In this case, an ionic liquid is assumed as the functional medium. It is clear that other substance classes can also be used as functional media.

In the explanation of the following embodiments, it is assumed that a working medium, which is water in the following examples. Of course, for this purpose, other substances, such as alkanols or ammonia, can be used, which interact with ionic liquids in the manner described below.

As ionic liquid, a whole range of different substances can be used. Such substances are organic salts whose ions by

various effects the formation of a stable Kristallg itters is hindered. An already low thermal energy is sufficient to break up the solid crystal structure. Ionic liquids are thus salts that are liquid, especially at room temperature, without the salt being dissolved in a solvent.

In general, ionic liquids are distinguished by an extremely low vapor pressure for liquids, ie by a high vaporization temperature at a given ambient pressure compared to the working medium. Such fluids go in the for adsorption heat pumps in Low temperature range conventional temperatures practically not in the gas phase over. Suitable are ionic liquids with a vapor pressure below 0.1 mbar at 25 ° C. Add to that a great variability that allows it, for everyone

Working range of adsorption heat pumps, i. for different resulting ranges of vapor pressure to find suitable substances.

In the present embodiments for adsorption heat pumps and systems ionic liquids are used, which are relatively low in hydrophilicity. These give the working medium additional positive properties. The ionic liquids cause, for example, a pH value adjustment and buffering, a corrosion-inhibiting effect and an antifreeze effect. Also, the wetting of the evaporator can be positively influenced by a selection of suitable ionic liquids of suitable viscosity and density.

Significant for the application of the working medium in the evaporator is the ratio between the working medium and the ionic liquid. This ratio determines the resulting vapor pressure of the

Working medium. By evaporation of the working fluid finds a

Enrichment of the ionic liquid in the evaporator instead. This changes the ionic ratio between the working medium and the ionic liquid.

In order to maintain the ionic ratio of the working medium in the desired range, either pure unmixed working medium, i. in the present case, water, be dosed or it may be enriched with the ionic liquid parts of the working medium from the

Submitted work cycle and fed elsewhere in the work cycle again.

This replenishment of the pure working medium and / or the removal of ionic liquid-enriched components of the working medium creates additional possibilities for optimized control of the evaporation process in the adsorption heat pump. In particular, the ionic ratio can be adjusted by adding to ionic liquids with limited water miscibility in the

Working medium is used. In such mixtures, at a given temperature below a critical ionic

Amount ratio for segregation and the denser phase of

Working medium, in which the ionic liquid is located, can be pumped out.

The supply of ionic liquid in the working cycle can be done in different ways. A first possibility is to provide a mixture of the working medium and the ionic liquid as a supply in an external reservoir and to feed the mixture into the working cycle at a suitable location. But it is also possible to keep the ionic liquid in a separate container ready to feed and unmixed in the work cycle.

The feed point is the evaporator or the condenser of the working cycle.

The feeding of the ionic liquid into the evaporator takes place, for example, by supplying a mixture of working medium and ionic liquid. When fed into the evaporator, the working medium in the course of the operating cycle of the adsorption heat pump in the gas phase, wherein the ionic liquid positively influences the evaporation process, but otherwise remains in the evaporator. In this case, the evaporator acts as one

Separator in which the ionic liquid collects and must be discharged regulated.

When feeding the ionic liquid into the condenser

For example, there first condensed the pure working fluid and added the ionic liquid in time only after completion of the condensation. The ionic liquid thus does not influence the condensation process as such. If the condenser serves as an evaporator in a next step of the working cycle, the evaporation process is now carried out on the working medium mixed with the ionic liquid. The ionic liquid remains behind and can be removed again. The one on it The following condensation process thus takes place again with the practical

unmixed working medium in a condenser free of the ionic liquid.

The ionic liquid can also remain immobilized in the evaporator. In such a case, their accumulation in the evaporator is quite desirable. Here, only the free of the ionic liquid working fluid in the rest of the working cycle is driven, while the ionic liquid in the evaporator mainly affects the evaporation properties of the working medium. In order to make the ionic ratio in the evaporator adjustable to a predefined value, the direct condensate return between the condenser and the evaporator is used in this case.

6 shows an exemplary basic structure of an evaporator with recirculation of the ionic liquid or of the working fluid enriched with ionic liquid.

The evaporator contains a connection 1 for the steam transport in the context of the working medium of the working medium and a connection 2 for the

Condensate return. The connection 1 forms the usual coupling of the evaporator in the circulation of the adsorption heat pump. The evaporator is via the port 1 with the adsorber not shown here for the

Working medium connected. About the port 2 is the evaporator directly unmixed working fluid from the condenser, bypassing the

Adsorber supplied.

Furthermore, a connection 3 is provided which serves to supply and / or recycling of the ionic liquid or of the ionic liquid-enriched working medium. Via connection 3, the loading of the evaporator with the ionic liquid can be changed. The ionic liquid is supplied via the connection 3 either from a reservoir for the ionic liquid or from a metering device present in the working cycle and / or discharged to the corresponding components. The evaporator is here via a Temperierungskreislauf 4 with the

Low-temperature source coupled and absorbs heat from there. Of the

Temperierungskreislauf is within the evaporator with a

Heat transfer surface formed.

The working medium flows through the evaporator and thereby meets the

Heat transfer surface of the Temperierungskreislaufs. In this case, an evaporating mixture layer 6 is formed. This mixture layer can come about in different ways. If the working medium already contains ionic liquid, this mixture layer is formed by the

Addition of the working medium on the Temperierungskreislauf. However, it is also possible to permanently cover the surface of the tempering circuit with the ionic liquid. The working medium meets in the pure state on the ionic liquid occupancy and mixes with this, thereby forming the mixture layer. Within the mixture layer, the evaporation properties of the working medium, in particular its vapor pressure, are greatly modified by the ionic liquid.

The evaporating working medium, in the present example water vapor 8, occurs in the evaporation process in a vapor space 5 of the evaporator and escapes through the port 1 in the direction of the not shown here

Adsorbers in the working cycle. The enriched with the ionic liquid working fluid can be discharged via the port 3 from the evaporator.

7 shows an exemplary illustration of the separation and recycling of a segregated phase of the ionic liquid. The device is designed here as a demixing device E. But it can also be operated as an evaporator or condenser.

The demixing device E is also tempered via a temperature control circuit 4. The tempering circuit at least partially immersed in a bath of the first mixed with the ionic liquid working medium and keeps this at a predetermined temperature. In the present example, an evaporating mixture layer 6 is formed in the volume of the working medium. The working fluid enters the demixing device in liquid form. In the present case, the working medium is supplied via a connection 2, while it leaves the demixing device E via the connection 1 in gaseous form.

The working medium, in the present case water, passes as virtually free of ionic liquid fractions water vapor 8 in the vapor space 5 of the segregation and is discharged via the port 1 of the vapor transport. Via the connection 2, water can be fed into the evaporating mixture layer 6 at any time.

The working medium has a critical in the demixing

Amount ratio between the working medium as such and the ionic liquid content. In this case, the temperature is adjusted so that at this critical ratio segregation occurs. The ionic liquid collects in the lower region of the demixing device in the form of an ionic liquid phase 9 and can from there through a

Terminal 3 are derived. Both the evaporating working medium, in this case water, and the ionic liquid in phase 9 can be transferred to the evaporator of the adsorption heat pump, thereby a predetermined ratio of the corresponding parts of the working cycle can be adjusted.

However, the working medium does not have to be in the demixing device

necessarily evaporate. It is basically sufficient that the

Separates working medium and separates into two distinct phases. In such a case, that of ionic liquid largely free

Working medium also directly via an outlet 7 from the first phase and the largely unmixed ionic liquid ü via the terminal 3 derived from the phase in the appropriate amounts or supplied.

The adsorber is suitably filled with an adsorbent. As an adsorbent zeolites are particularly suitable, which are characterized by a pore system

Characterize pore diameters in the range of the size of smaller molecules.

Typical zeolites for this application are e.g. But not exclusively FAU, LTA, CHA, AEI, AFI, MFI, EMT and MOR. Through their pore openings common adsorbents such as water and ammonia can enter the pore system. The complex anions and cations of ionic liquids are in most cases too large for this. As a result, within the meaning of the invention are ionic

Liquids better suited than other substances, too

steam pressure reducing or frost protection could be used, such. As ethylene glycol, which may also occur in zeolite pores.

FIG. 8 shows an exemplary illustration of an adsorption heat pump with a segregation unit E. This embodiment of the invention

Adsorption heat pump can then be selected if the ionic

Liquid does not permanently remain in the evaporator and / or condenser. The demixing unit E is intended on the one hand to separate the working medium from the ionic liquid, thereby cleaning the working medium, thereby above all preventing the ionic liquid from passing into the adsorber and ensuring that the adsorption and desorption processes of the working medium are not hindered there and continue to do so the evaporator V as well as the

Capacitor K with defined amounts of ionic liquid depending on the operating condition and depending on the respective one

Feed work phase. It should therefore also act as a metering device.

As a demixing unit, the reservoir R functions in the mixing branch M. The structure of the reservoir is embodied, for example, as in FIG. 7. A certain amount ratio between the working medium and the ionic liquid is adjusted so that at a certain temperature segregation between the working medium and the ionic liquid occurs. These

Temperature is reached and maintained in the demixing unit E by a temperature. The working medium separates from the ionic liquid. Two phases separate from one another by a phase boundary are formed, which can be derived individually from the demixing unit.

As soon as the proportion of the ionic liquid exceeds a certain limit which corresponds to a critical ratio in the

Demixing device corresponds to prevailing temperature, there occurs the Demixing between the working medium and the ionic liquid. The demixing device E serves in such a case as a trap or a collection device for the ionic liquid. The ionic liquid can be pumped out and completely returned, for example, to the evaporator V or to the condenser via a liquid line. It is also possible, of course, a transport of the working fluid via the liquid line depending on the operating condition of the system.

This procedure also offers a simple way of regulating the quantitative ratio between the circulating working medium and the ionic liquid in the working cycle. This regulation takes place via the tempering of the demixing device, because this defines the critical ratio, in which the segregation ever begins. The tempering of the demixing unit can be coupled in particular to the temperature in the adsorber Ad or to the temperature in the evaporator and / or condenser and thus establish a control loop for the quantitative ratio and the content of the ionic liquid in the working medium. This makes it possible, in particular, to withdraw larger quantities of the ionic liquid from the circulating working medium, to conduct it into the evaporator and to prevent freezing of the working medium there, for example, at the evaporator in the event of a sharp drop in temperature. The demixing device thus acts as part of a frost protection device.

The condensate return in the mixing branch M differs from the normal return of the condensed working medium in normal operation of the

Adsorption heat pump in the one essential point that the

Condensate return is controlled specifically. This allows a consistently low vapor pressure throughout the evaporation process

be ensured because the ratio between working fluid and ionic liquid over a longer period in the desired range can be kept constant and the beginning of the evaporation process incipient concentration process of the ionic liquid something

can be delayed, whereby the vapor pressure of the working medium can be regulated. With targeted addition of ionic liquid into the working medium in the evaporator and thus significant reduction of the vapor pressure of the mixture below the equilibrium vapor pressure of the adsorber, the adsorption process can be completed well before saturation of the adsorbent. This is advantageous if the adsorption heat pump is also to be used for storing energy. With the addition of working fluid from the condensate return, for example, under controlled withdrawal of the mixture in the evaporator, the adsorption process can be resumed later. This method allows a valveless interruption of the adsorption process, for example for the purpose of energy storage in the adsorber.

To regulate the amounts of ionic liquid in evaporator and

Capacitor and for storing the ionic liquid, a reservoir R can also be provided in the functional medium return.

The adsorption heat pump and the method for operating the

Adsorption heat pump have been described by means of embodiments. In the context of professional trade further developments are possible.

Further embodiments will become apparent from the dependent claims.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1 connection for steam transport

2 connection for condensate return

3 connection for recycling the ionic liquid

4 tempering circuit

5 steam room

6 mixture layer

7 solvent outlet

8 water vapor

9 ionic liquid phase

A working cycle

Ad adsorber

Ads adsorbent, solid

Ad l first Teiladsorber

Ad2 second partial adsorber DV pressure valve

E demixing device

F liquid half circle

FM functional medium

FR functional fluid reflux

G gas semi-circle

K capacitor

KR condensate return

P pump

R reservoir

V evaporator

V1-V4 valve device

V / K evaporator / condenser

W heat transfer circuit

Wl first heat transfer circuit

W2 second heat transfer circuit

Claims

claims

1. Adsorption heat pump, with an adsorber (Ad) containing a solid adsorbent, an evaporator (V) and a condenser (K) or an evaporator / condenser (V / K) and a working medium in one

Working group (A),

the working group between the evaporator, the adsorber and the condenser or the evaporator / condenser and the

Adsorbereinrichtung has a gas half circle (G), in which the

Working medium is gaseous and formed between the evaporator and the condenser Flüssigighalbkreis (F), in which the

Working medium is liquid,

wherein the Flüssigighalbkreis (F) contains a miscible with the working fluid, the vapor pressure of the working medium lowering functional medium.

2. adsorption heat pump according to claim 1,

characterized in that

in the liquid half circle (F) of the condenser (K) to the evaporator (V) leading a mixing branch (M) is provided, in which a

Mixture with depleted function medium is located in the working medium, and from the evaporator (V) to the condenser (K) a

Funktionsmediu mrückführung (FR) is present, in which there is a mixture with enriched functional medium in the working medium.

3. adsorption heat pump according to claim 1 or 2,

characterized in that

the liquid half-circle (F) has a reservoir (R) containing the functional medium, supply and discharge lines between the reservoir (R) and the evaporator (V) and / or the condenser (K) and / or into the path of the working medium between the reservoir Capacitor (K) and the

Evaporator (V) are provided.

4. adsorption heat pump according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the functional medium (FM) remains permanently in the evaporator and is stored there.

5. adsorption heat pump according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

a separate condensate return (KR) is provided between the condenser (K) and the evaporator (V), via which at the same time to a running in the evaporator (V) evaporation and in the condenser (K) condensing a transfer of portions of the condensed working medium of the capacitor in the evaporation process within the evaporator is executable.

6. adsorption heat pump according to claim 1,

characterized in that

in one embodiment with evaporator / condenser (V / K) the

Function medium (FM) is present there as a permanent supply of liquid.

7. adsorption heat pump according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the functional medium (FM) or its mixture with the working fluid as a heat transfer medium in a direction connecting the evaporator (V) and / or the condenser (K) or the evaporator / condenser (V / K) to external heat sources and / or heat sinks

Adsorption heat pump open hydraulic circuit acts.

8. adsorption heat pump according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

in the Flüssigighalbkeis (F) the reservoir (R) is provided as a demixing device (E) for the working medium, in which a segregation between the working medium and the functional medium is executable and the working medium or the functional medium enriched separately derived from the segregated area.

9. adsorption heat pump according to claim 8,

characterized in that

the reservoir (R) to a defined demixing temperature

tempered container is, wherein the demixing corresponds to a critical ratio between working fluid and functional medium.

10. Adsporptionswärmepumpe according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that

the functional medium (FM) is an ionic liquid, in particular consisting of alkylated or non-alkylated cations in the form of imidazolium, pyridinium, pyrrolidinium, guanidinium, uronium, thiouronium, piperidinium, morpholinium, ammonium and phosphonium and of anions in the form of halides, tetrafluoroborates, trifluoroacetates , Triflates,

Hexafluorophosphates, phosphinates or tosylates.

11. adsorption heat pump according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the functional medium (FM) is a wetting-promoting additive.

12. adsorption heat pump according to one of the preceding claims,

characterized in that

the functional medium (FM) an antifreeze and / or

corrosion inhibiting agent.

13. A method of operating an adsorption heat pump with a

Working cycle of an adsorber, an evaporator and a

Condenser or an evaporator / condenser and a circulated between the adsorber, the evaporator and the condenser

Working medium, wherein the working medium when passing through the

Working cycle within the liquid half-circle (F) is mixed with a liquid vapor pressure-reducing functional medium and is separated from the functional medium in the passage into the gas half circle (G) of the working cycle.

14. A method for operating an adsorption heat pump according to Anspru ch 13, characterized in that

the condenser and the evaporator through a regulated

Condensate return and / or via the reservoir (R) are coupled together, wherein the quantitative ratio between the working medium and the functional medium in the evaporator by the over

Condensate return recycled amount of the working fluid and / or regulated by a withdrawal of the enriched with functional medium mixture with the working fluid.

15. The method according to claim 13 or 14,

characterized in that

the liquid working medium of entrained components of the functional medium is separated from the reservoir (R) at the latest before the transfer from the liquid half-circle (F) into the gas semi-circle (G) in the reservoir (R)

Discharge of the working medium and / or the functional medium resulting entmischten shares in the evaporator (V) and / or the capacitor (K) in the working circuit (A) of the adsorption heat pump takes place.

16. The method according to claim 15,

characterized in that

the reservoir (R) is tempered to a characteristic for the mixture of the working medium and the functional medium separation temperature.

17. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 16,

characterized in that

the separation of working fluid and functional medium takes place in the evaporator.

18. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 17,

characterized in that

the functional medium or a mixture of the working medium and the functional medium is temporarily stored in a reservoir (R) within the liquid half-circle (F) of the working cycle and discharged from there into the liquid half-circle, wherein a predetermined quantitative ratio between the working medium and the functional medium is set.

19. The method according to any one of the preceding claims 13 to 18,

characterized in that

the functional medium from the reservoir (R) is passed into the evaporator, wherein in the evaporator interrupting the evaporation of the

Working medium caused by lowering the vapor pressure or

Rinsing the working medium is performed.