EP3438528A1 - Dispositif de combustion de combustible solide, procédé de combustion de combustible solide, dispositif de chauffage au gaz, dispositif de chauffage de liquide, système de production d'énergie et système de refroidissement - Google Patents

Dispositif de combustion de combustible solide, procédé de combustion de combustible solide, dispositif de chauffage au gaz, dispositif de chauffage de liquide, système de production d'énergie et système de refroidissement Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3438528A1
EP3438528A1 EP16896989.7A EP16896989A EP3438528A1 EP 3438528 A1 EP3438528 A1 EP 3438528A1 EP 16896989 A EP16896989 A EP 16896989A EP 3438528 A1 EP3438528 A1 EP 3438528A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burning
furnace
solid fuel
gas
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP16896989.7A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3438528A4 (fr
Inventor
Kazuo Miyatani
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Quantum Design Japan Inc
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Quantum Design Japan Inc
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from JP2016069823A external-priority patent/JP6232540B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP2016069824A external-priority patent/JP6277475B2/ja
Priority claimed from JP2016069822A external-priority patent/JP6232539B2/ja
Application filed by Quantum Design Japan Inc filed Critical Quantum Design Japan Inc
Publication of EP3438528A1 publication Critical patent/EP3438528A1/fr
Publication of EP3438528A4 publication Critical patent/EP3438528A4/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B60/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel burns essentially without moving
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B10/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers
    • F23B10/02—Combustion apparatus characterised by the combination of two or more combustion chambers including separate secondary combustion chambers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/06—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of coolers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23M—CASINGS, LININGS, WALLS OR DOORS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, e.g. FIREBRIDGES; DEVICES FOR DEFLECTING AIR, FLAMES OR COMBUSTION PRODUCTS IN COMBUSTION CHAMBERS; SAFETY ARRANGEMENTS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR COMBUSTION APPARATUS; DETAILS OF COMBUSTION CHAMBERS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F23M7/00—Doors
    • F23M7/02—Frames therefor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N3/00—Regulating air supply or draught
    • F23N3/08—Regulating air supply or draught by power-assisted systems
    • F23N3/082—Regulating air supply or draught by power-assisted systems using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N5/00—Systems for controlling combustion
    • F23N5/02—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium
    • F23N5/022—Systems for controlling combustion using devices responsive to thermal changes or to thermal expansion of a medium using electronic means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
    • F24B1/185—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion
    • F24B1/187—Condition responsive controls for regulating combustion 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
    • F24B1/185—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion
    • F24B1/189—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion characterised by air-handling means, i.e. of combustion-air, heated-air, or flue-gases, e.g. draught control dampers 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/18—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces
    • F24B1/185—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion
    • F24B1/189—Stoves with open fires, e.g. fireplaces with air-handling means, heat exchange means, or additional provisions for convection heating ; Controlling combustion characterised by air-handling means, i.e. of combustion-air, heated-air, or flue-gases, e.g. draught control dampers 
    • F24B1/19—Supplying combustion-air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F22—STEAM GENERATION
    • F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
    • F22B9/00—Steam boilers of fire-tube type, i.e. the flue gas from a combustion chamber outside the boiler body flowing through tubes built-in in the boiler body
    • F22B9/02—Steam boilers of fire-tube type, i.e. the flue gas from a combustion chamber outside the boiler body flowing through tubes built-in in the boiler body the boiler body being disposed upright, e.g. above the combustion chamber
    • F22B9/08—Steam boilers of fire-tube type, i.e. the flue gas from a combustion chamber outside the boiler body flowing through tubes built-in in the boiler body the boiler body being disposed upright, e.g. above the combustion chamber the fire tubes being in horizontal arrangement
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L2900/00—Special arrangements for supplying or treating air or oxidant for combustion; Injecting inert gas, water or steam into the combustion chamber
    • F23L2900/15043—Preheating combustion air by heat recovery means located in the chimney, e.g. for home heating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2221/00—Pretreatment or prehandling
    • F23N2221/08—Preheating the air
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2225/00—Measuring
    • F23N2225/04—Measuring pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00—Ventilators
    • F23N2233/02—Ventilators in stacks
    • F23N2233/04—Ventilators in stacks with variable speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2233/00—Ventilators
    • F23N2233/06—Ventilators at the air intake
    • F23N2233/08—Ventilators at the air intake with variable speed
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2241/00—Applications
    • F23N2241/02—Space-heating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B1/00—Stoves or ranges
    • F24B1/02—Closed stoves
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
    • Y02E20/30—Technologies for a more efficient combustion or heat usage

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a burning apparatus of a solid fuel and a burning method of a solid fuel for burning solid fuels such as wood-based bulk combustibles (woods, carbides, or bio-based bulk combustibles) in a burning furnace, as well as to a gas heating apparatus, a liquid heating apparatus, a power generation system and a cooling system.
  • solid fuels such as wood-based bulk combustibles (woods, carbides, or bio-based bulk combustibles) in a burning furnace, as well as to a gas heating apparatus, a liquid heating apparatus, a power generation system and a cooling system.
  • wood-based bulk fuel refers to various types of wood-based fuels such as logs, thinned woods, driftwoods, tree stumps, pruning materials, lumber scraps, woodworking scraps, laminated scraps, construction lumber, agricultural lumber, and civil engineering lumber, but also includes various types of artificial fuels such as firewoods, wood shavings, charcoals, coals, wooden chips, wooden pellets, straws of trees and plants, scourings, and moldings thereof, as well as numerous types of biomass-based fuels.
  • the present invention relates to a boiler capable of burning solid fuels including the foregoing bio-based bulk combustibles and even coals in their original large shape, and these fuels are hereinafter collectively referred to as "wood-based bulk fuels".
  • Wood-based bulk fuels have been used as a useful energy source together with the history of civilization, and, while fuels other than fossil fuels are carbon-neutral fuels as carbon dioxide countermeasures to deal with global warming and important as zero emission-type fuels, it is difficult to prevent air pollution caused by flue gas due to the incomplete burning of solid fuels when they are burned.
  • a method of using a secondary burning apparatus in an oil burner and suppressing the generation of flue gas from the incomplete burning is known, and an oil burner which additionally functions as an incinerator is also known, but a type having a prolonged control function required as a heating apparatus is not conventionally known.
  • chip or pellet fuels is beneficial in that the constant supply of fuel is possible, a furnace comprising a continuous supply device is required, and it is necessary to use a so-called open-type furnace. Thus, facilities that underwent strict environmental measures and the management thereof are required.
  • chip and pellet fuels there is a problem in that the production energy and cost required for the chipping and molding process cannot be ignored in comparison to fossil energy.
  • Patent Document 1 proposes a complex burning system in which a first burner of gas or oil fuel is placed beneath a support plate of firewoods in a combustion casing of a fireplace-type heater, and a pair of burners is additionally placed therebehind. Nevertheless, generally speaking, in addition to the problem that the use of multiple burners is not an effective method, there is a problem in that clean exhaust gas cannot be obtained.
  • Patent Document 2 and Patent Document 3 proposed is a method of suppressing the fuming by burning firewood fuels according to an extremely slow method referred to as "maishinho (traditional Japanese heating method of lining raw wood in a furnace under the floor, adding lye thereto, and additionally placing charcoal fire thereon)", and, because prolonged fuming will occur at the initial stage of burning, in addition to having to handle the problem, a large amount of oxidation catalyst and an enormous furnace are required to obtain proper heating values, and it is difficult to extract industrially useful heat quantities.
  • the flue gas of wood-based bulk fuels contains large amounts of water vapor, ash dust, soot, tar, odor, and dioxins, it is not easy to prevent the air pollution caused by the flue gas, and, in addition to numerous restrictions regarding the fuel shape, type, moisture content, and quality, there are numerous restrictions concerning air pollution, water pollution, thermal efficiency, handling method, and economic efficiency associated with the burning process, and the improvement of related technologies and devices is required.
  • Patent Document 4 a burning technology and a boiler in which a large-capacity wood-based fuel, such as bulk woods, can be used easily, and a device having a function as a heating apparatus.
  • Patent Document 4 discloses the structure of the burning furnace required for burning a wood-based bulk fuel and a basic control method required for the burning process, and the burning control method is a fundamental method that is performed manually.
  • the technology disclosed in Patent Document 4 entails a problem in which proficiency is required for operating the furnace, and it is necessary to develop a technology for performing automatic operational control.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a burning apparatus of a solid fuel and a burning method of a solid fuel with improved burning efficiency, as well as a gas heating apparatus, a liquid heating apparatus, a power generation system and a cooling system.
  • a burning apparatus of a solid fuel as one aspect of the present invention may comprise:
  • a burning apparatus of a solid fuel is generally structured to suck in air from an air intake and discharge flue gas based on the discharge function of a chimney.
  • the burning apparatus may also be equipped with a gas feeding device such as a blower for supplying air, and an exhaust device for discharging the flue gas to the outside.
  • a gas feeding device such as a blower for supplying air
  • an exhaust device for discharging the flue gas to the outside.
  • the present inventors discovered that the burning of a solid fuel can be easily controlled by including a control unit which simultaneously controls the gas feeding device and the exhaust device and thereby controls the furnace pressure of the burning furnace, and thereby completed the present invention.
  • control unit may additionally control a burning capacity of the burning furnace by controlling the gas feeding device and the exhaust device.
  • the temperature of the burning furnace will not become a high temperature, and it is thereby possible to suppress the burning furnace from becoming damaged.
  • the burning furnace is configured from a chromium-based material, hexavalent chromium is easily generated when the temperature exceeds 1000°C.
  • the temperature of the burning furnace can be controlled to be 1000°C or lower, the problem of the generation of hexavalent chromium can be avoided.
  • control unit may additionally control a flue gas temperature in the discharge port of the burning furnace to be 500°C or lower, preferably 400°C or lower, by controlling the gas feeding device and the exhaust device.
  • a flue gas temperature in the discharge port of the burning furnace may be 500°C or lower, preferably 400°C or lower, it is thereby possible to more reliably suppress the burning furnace from becoming damaged.
  • control unit may additionally control a level of an oxidizing atmosphere of the burning furnace by controlling the gas feeding device and the exhaust device.
  • the control unit may control the furnace pressure of the burning furnace to be -10 Pa or less.
  • the furnace pressure of the burning furnace By causing the furnace pressure of the burning furnace to be -10 Pa or less, the present inventors discovered that, because burning that normally occurs under a normal pressure can be promoted at a low temperature, the burning capacity can be easily controlled by contrarily increasing the furnace pressure and suppressing the burning.
  • a fuel adding port for adding a solid fuel during the burning process it is possible to prevent flue gas and ash dust from being discharged from the burning furnace to the outside when the fuel adding port is opened.
  • the furnace pressure is -10 Pa or less, because pressure is not applied toward the outside, it is possible to provide a door for closing a large fuel adding port without having to use a thick and large steel material. Because the furnace pressure of the burning furnace is a negative pressure, it is not necessary to use a robust fixture upon providing the door. It is also possible to successively and safely supply the solid fuel into the furnace, and the continuous supply of fuel is also facilitated. As a result of the furnace pressure of the burning furnace being -10 Pa or less, flue gas from the incomplete burning will not be discharged from the fuel adding port when the burning furnace is opened and, therefore, the problem of backfire will not occur easily.
  • the burning apparatus of a solid fuel may further comprise:
  • the sealing member being configured by containing glass fiber, carbon fiber, or ceramic fiber as its primary component, when the burning furnace becomes a positive pressure, it is possible to avoid the weakening of the pressing force of the door and escape of gas in the furnace through a fibrous sealing member, and prevent the pressure in the burning furnace from becoming an excessively high pressure.
  • a condensing unit which condenses water vapor contained in a flue gas discharged from the burning furnace may be provided between the burning furnace and the exhaust device, and the condensing unit may be configured from a heat exchanger for converting heat generated from condensation of the water vapor into a liquid medium or a gas medium.
  • the heat generated from the condensation can be effectively used, and the burning efficiency can be improved.
  • the water vapor in the flue gas is not collected, and is exhausted.
  • the heat of the flue gas is converted into a secondary heating medium of liquid or gas through the heat exchanger, the temperature of the flue gas will decrease.
  • the exhaust path such as a chimney or the like from becoming damaged.
  • the water vapor is condensed, the water vapor contained in the flue gas will decrease, and it is possible to suppress the exhaust path from becoming damaged from the water vapor by that much.
  • the heat exchanger is able to lower the temperature of the flue gas.
  • the high temperature flue gas which is, for instance, 800°C or higher at the inlet of the condensing unit, to be, for instance, 200°C or lower inside the condensing unit, recombination of the decomposed dioxins can be suppressed.
  • the burning apparatus of a solid fuel may further comprise: an exhaust path for exhausting a flue gas provided between the discharge port of the burning furnace and the exhaust device; an oxygen supply path for supplying a gas containing oxygen which is connected to the exhaust path; and an ignition unit provided to the exhaust path, wherein the flue gas may be mixed with a gas containing oxygen supplied from the oxygen supply path, and burned with fire induced by the ignition unit.
  • the oxygen supply path may pass through the burning furnace and may be configured so that the gas containing oxygen is heated by the heat in the burning furnace.
  • the gas containing oxygen in the oxygen supply path is heated with the heat of the burning furnace.
  • burning of that gas is promoted when the gas is mixed with the flue gas and burned, and the burning of the flue gas is thereby facilitated.
  • the oxygen supply path in the burning furnace may be provided so as to pass through an upper part in the burning furnace.
  • burning is preferably performed at the upper part of the burning furnace.
  • the oxygen supply path at the upper part of the burning furnace, the gas containing oxygen in the oxygen supply path can be more easily heated with the heat generated in the burning furnace.
  • the ignition unit may be provided more downstream of the exhaust path than a part where the oxygen supply path and the exhaust path are connected.
  • a burner for burning the flue gas may be provided in the exhaust path, and the burner may be provided more downstream of the exhaust path than a part where the oxygen supply path and the exhaust path are connected, and additionally function as the ignition unit.
  • the temperature of the flue gas will rise to 600 to 1000°C.
  • dioxins can be decomposed.
  • the burner also functions as an ignition unit upon mixing and burning the gas containing oxygen supplied from the oxygen supply path and the flue gas, the number of components can be reduced.
  • the oxygen supply path may be connected to the gas feeding device, a through hole may be provided to the oxygen supply path in the burning furnace, and a part of the gas containing oxygen in the oxygen supply path may be supplied to the burning furnace through the through hole, and the gas containing oxygen that was not supplied to the burning furnace may pass through the oxygen supply path and be mixed with the flue gas.
  • the oxygen supply path may pass through an upper part in the burning furnace, and a through hole of the oxygen supply path may be provided to an upper part in the burning furnace.
  • burning is preferably performed at the upper part of the burning furnace.
  • the gas containing oxygen in the oxygen supply path can be more easily heated with the heat generated in the burning furnace.
  • a tip of the oxygen supply path on a side of the exhaust path may be of a nozzle shape. Consequently, the flue gas and the gas containing oxygen are mixed, and oxygen can be reliably supplied to the part to be burned.
  • a catalytic part for promoting oxidation of components of the flue gas may be provided in the exhaust path.
  • flue gas can be more reliably oxidized, and dioxins can also be decomposed.
  • the catalytic part may be configured from honeycomb-type ceramics having oxides of alkaline earth metals as its primary component.
  • the catalytic part being configured from the foregoing ceramics, flue gas can be effectively oxidized.
  • the catalytic part may be placed in an oxidizing atmosphere upon burning and the gas feeding device and the exhaust device may be controlled so that a temperature of the catalytic part becomes 300°C or higher. It is thereby possible to more reliably decompose dioxins.
  • a flow rate of the flue gas flowing in the exhaust path may be set to a flow rate in which, upon burning, gas of a volume of a space from the gas feeding device to the exhaust device flows at a rate of 0.1 to 2 seconds. Based on this flow rate, control of the burning chemical reaction and maintenance of a high heat exchange function can be facilitated. Generation of dioxins can also be suppressed.
  • a burning apparatus of a solid fuel as one aspect of the present invention comprises: a burning furnace which burns the solid fuel; and an exhaust device which exhausts a flue gas discharged from a discharge port of the burning furnace, wherein, while the solid fuel is being burned in the burning furnace, the exhaust device controls the furnace pressure of the burning furnace to be a negative pressure of -10 Pa or less.
  • the solid fuel can be easily burned.
  • a burning apparatus of a solid fuel as one aspect of the present invention comprises: a burning furnace which burns the solid fuel; and an exhaust device which exhausts a flue gas discharged from a discharge port of the burning furnace, wherein the burning apparatus of a solid fuel further comprises:
  • the flue gas discharged from the burning furnace can be reliably burned.
  • a gas heating apparatus of the present invention heats a gas with a heat generated by the burning apparatus of a solid fuel of the present invention.
  • a liquid heating apparatus of the present invention heats a liquid with a heat generated by the burning apparatus of a solid fuel of the present invention.
  • a power generation system of the present invention comprises:
  • a cooling system of the present invention comprises:
  • a burning method of a solid fuel as one aspect of the present invention comprises the steps of:
  • a burning method of a solid fuel as one aspect of the present invention comprises the step of: an exhaust device which exhausts a flue gas discharged from a discharge port of a burning furnace for burning a solid fuel controlling the furnace pressure of the burning furnace to be -10 Pa or less and burning the solid fuel while the solid fuel is being burned in the burning furnace.
  • a burning method of a solid fuel as one aspect of the present invention comprises the steps of:
  • solid fuel so as long as it can be oxidized and burned, including wood-based fuel, coal-based fuel, biomass (organisms), plastics, and petroleum products.
  • a solid fuel unlike a gas fuel or a liquid fuel, the overall fuel cannot be burned by being set at a uniform temperature.
  • the only way to burn the solid fuel at a uniform temperature is to burn a powdered fuel by spraying it from a nozzle into a space of a high temperature.
  • the size of the solid fuel is increased to the size of firewoods or logs, while surface burning will advance, internally the solid fuel will be unburned, and burned parts and highly unburned parts due to incomplete burning will inevitably coexist.
  • incomplete burning occurs, char as a hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide, ash dust and other smoke and soot are generated due to thermal decomposition. Accordingly, in order to prevent air pollution and prevent the generation of PM 2.5, it is necessary to suppress the generation of smoke and soot, completely burn the solid fuel, and clean the exhaust gas.
  • the control of the burning capacity involves the control of the air supply rate, but when the air volume increases or decreases suddenly, it is known that incomplete burning will increase and a large amount of flue gas and ash dust will be generated. Accordingly, when controlling the heating value, there is a problem in that the increase and decrease of the air supply must be controlled properly.
  • Components of the wood-derived fuel are cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, non-volatile components, trace metals, and moisture, but the primary burning component is cellulose, and, based on its burning, cellulose molecules (C 12 H 20 O 11 ) become decomposed and become carbon dioxide and water vapor as shown in Math (I) below (N 2 gas in the air is excluded for simplification).
  • C 12 H 20 O 11 + Air 11.5 O 2 10 H 2 O + 12 CO 2
  • Hydrocarbons which burn at even a relatively low temperature, are preferentially burned by the oxygen contained in the cellulose, and the carbon that burns at a high temperature tends to become oxidized mainly by the supplied air.
  • burning is accelerated by the oxygen contained in the fuel, and there is a problem in that, when the heating of the fuel advances, burning is excessively advanced based on the self-discharged oxygen, and control of the burning capacity becomes difficult.
  • the temperature of the flue gas that passed through the heat exchanger is cooled to 100°C or lower, which enables the collection of the condensation heat of a large amount of water vapor, and the dioxins that were thermally decomposed in the reaction duct are rapidly cooled to a low temperature in the heat exchanger, and the recombination thereof can thereby be suppressed.
  • the heating value of the furnace is the sum of all heating values from primary burning to quaternary burning, the latent heat of condensation and the flue gas heat quantity in the tubular heat exchanger, and it was necessary to discover the proper measurement method of the burning capacity.
  • the burning capacity increases, there are structural problems regarding the heat resistance limit of the furnace, the reaction duct, the catalyst, and the heat exchanger, and the development of a practical burning system for realizing a clean flue gas is demanded.
  • the wood-based bulk fuel boiler provided based on this embodiment can least expensively use the wood-based bulk fuel which is distributed locally, when the operation is facilitated based on automatic control, it will become easy to use, at a high thermal efficiency, a gas heating apparatus, a drying apparatus, or a hot water supply device which uses this wood-based bulk fuel boiler as the heat source, and this will open a road for using low-cost thermal energy.
  • this boiler is also demanded of a zero emission-type burning method with high air tightness suitable for environmental measures, and cultivation of use also in the ashing process of pollution substances.
  • the burning apparatus 100 of a solid fuel includes a burning furnace 20, a gas feeding device 40 for supplying gas containing oxygen to the burning furnace 20, and an exhaust device 42 for discharging the gas in the burning furnace 20.
  • the gas feeding device 40 and the exhaust device 42 are controlled by the control device 46.
  • the burning apparatus 100 of a solid fuel exhausts the flue gas generated in the burning furnace 20 from the air outlet 44 through an exhaust path. Midway in the exhaust path, provided are a reaction duct 50 for burning the flue gas generated in the burning furnace 20, and a heat exchanger 60 for heat-exchanging the flue gas generated from the reaction duct 50 into a gas medium or a liquid medium.
  • a door 30 for supplying a solid fuel is provided to the burning furnace 20.
  • the burning furnace 20 is surrounded by the body 10.
  • the heat exchanger 60 exchanges heat with the gas or liquid heating medium supplied into the body 10.
  • the body 10 may be provided, for instance, so that space is created between the front face of the burning furnace 20 and other faces. More specifically, the body 10 can also cover the burning furnace 20 so that predetermined space is created between the rear face and the lateral face and the top face of the burning furnace 20.
  • the burning furnace 20 burns the solid fuel.
  • the burning furnace 20 is supplied with the gas containing oxygen that is supplied from the gas feeding device 40.
  • the gas containing oxygen may be supplied from the upper part of the fuel furnace.
  • the burning furnace 20 is provided with a discharge port 24 for discharging the flue gas.
  • the discharge port 24 may be provided, for instance, at a lower part of the burning furnace 20.
  • the burning furnace 20 may be supplied, for instance, with the gas containing oxygen from the top face side of the burning furnace 20 by using an air-supply nozzle.
  • the discharge port 24 for discharging the flue gas may also be provided at the lower part of the rear face of the burning furnace 20.
  • An inside flue 26 for guiding the flue gas in the burning furnace 20 to the discharge port 24 may also be provided.
  • the inside flue 26 may, for instance, guide the flue gas from the upper side of the burning furnace 20 to the discharge port 24.
  • the inside flue 26 may be configured by providing a partition plate 28 formed of heat-resistant steel so as to face the wall surface on the side of the discharge port 24.
  • the burning furnace 20 includes a fuel supply port 22 for supplying the solid fuel, and a door 32 which is provided for blocking the fuel supply port 22.
  • a sealing member 36 for preventing the infiltration of external gas is provided around the supply port of the burning furnace 20.
  • the sealing member 36 is provided at the part where pressing force is applied by the door 30.
  • the sealing member 36 is configured from heat-resistant glass fiber, ceramic fiber, or carbon fiber as its primary component.
  • the door 30 is provided, for instance, on the front face side of the body 10.
  • the door 30 can be provided to the burning furnace 20 in an openable/closable manner by using, for instance, a hinge 38.
  • the door 30 may be provided with a fuel adding port 16 for enabling the addition of fuel, and a small door 32 for enabling the opening/closing of the fuel adding port 16.
  • the small door 32 may also be provided to the door 30 in an openable/closable manner by using, for instance, a hinge 38.
  • the burning furnace 20 may be formed from standard steel plates or heat-resistant steel plates. Either side of the door 30 is provided with, for instance, a plurality of handles 34 for adjusting the clamping pressure of the door 30, and, by tightening the door 30 by using the handles 34, the interference of packing as the sealing member 36 can thereby be adjusted across a wide range. Moreover, by providing a furnace opening at the upper part of the door 30, in the same manner as the door 30, the clamping pressure of the small door 32 which opens/closes the furnace opening can also be adjusted by adjusting the interference of packing as the sealing member 36 provided to the small door 32 by tightening the handles 34.
  • the gas feeding device 40 can be a fan capable of frequency trimming in which an electromagnetic valve is provided to the outlet.
  • the gas feeding device 40 may have a structure capable of supplying air with the electromagnetic valve at an accurate air flow between a minimum air volume of 0% and a maximum air volume of 100%, the supply of trace amounts of air capable of maintaining the source for making a fire can be guaranteed in a dormant state for stopping the burning of the burning furnace 20, and the air can be completely blocked to quench the fire.
  • the exhaust device 42 for instance, can be a fan capable of frequency trimming in which an electromagnetic valve is provided to the outlet.
  • the gas feeding device 40 and the exhaust device 42 may be controlled, for instance, based on inverter control.
  • the control unit 46 detects the temperature based on a temperature sensor, and controls the gas feeding device 40 and the exhaust device 42. By simultaneously controlling the gas feeding device 40 and the exhaust device 42 with the control unit 46, the internal pressure of the burning furnace can be adjusted.
  • the pressure of the burning furnace 20 can be set, for instance, to be -10 Pa or less, preferably within a range of less than -10 Pa to -1000 Pa or more, more preferably within a range of less than -10 Pa to -500 Pa or more, even more preferably within a range of -50 to -500 Pa, and most preferably within a range of -150 Pa to -300 Pa.
  • the proper value of the furnace pressure can be selected based on the structure and functions of the furnace.
  • the control unit 46 may be configured from a control panel having a control circuit, or the control device 46 may be configured from a central processing unit (CPU or the like), a ROM and a RAM.
  • the control unit 46 may have the function of controlling the respective components of the burning apparatus 100 of a solid fuel.
  • the control unit 46 may also the control the respective components based on the temperature measured with the temperature sensors T1 to T8.
  • the furnace pressure of the burning furnace 20 By controlling the furnace pressure of the burning furnace 20 to be -10 Pa or less, the burning can be promoted at a low temperature and more easily controlled. Moreover, when there is a fuel adding port for adding a solid fuel during the burning process, it is possible to prevent the flue gas and ash dust from being discharged outside from the burning furnace 20 when the fuel adding port 16 is opened.
  • the furnace pressure is -10 Pa or less, because pressure is not applied externally, it is possible to provide a door 30 for closing a large fuel supply port without having to use thick and large steel materials.
  • the furnace pressure of the burning furnace 20 is a negative pressure, a robust fixture does not need to be used when the door 30 is provided. The solid fuel can be successively supplied safely and the fuel can be continuously supplied.
  • the flue gas temperature at the discharge port 24 of the burning furnace 20 can be set to 500°C or lower, preferably 400°C or lower, and more preferably 200 to 400°C. Moreover, by controlling the burning of the solid fuel, it is possible to prevent the solid fuel from becoming burned at once.
  • the burning apparatus 100 of a solid fuel generally has a structure of incorporating air from the air intake, and discharging the flue gas based on the discharge function of the chimney.
  • a supply device such as a blower for supplying air, an exhaust device for discharging the flue gas to the outside, and a bug filter, a slewing device, and a cyclone dust collector for collecting powder dust from the flue gas.
  • control unit 46 which controls the furnace pressure of the burning furnace 20 by simultaneously controlling the gas feeding device and the exhaust device 42, the burning of the solid fuel can be easily controlled.
  • the temperature in the burning furnace 20 can be controlled under a reduced pressure and prevented from becoming a high temperature, damage to the burning furnace 20 can be suppressed.
  • the burning furnace 20 is formed from a chromium-based material, hexavalent chromium tends to become generated when the temperature exceeds 1000°C.
  • the temperature of the burning furnace 20 can be controlled to be 1000°C or lower, there will be no problem of the generation of hexavalent chromium.
  • the temperature in the burning furnace 20 is often increased to 1000 to 1100°C in order to approach the conditions of complete burning.
  • the level of an oxidizing atmosphere can be controlled easily, when the burning furnace 20 is formed from a chromium-based material, the reduction of chromium generated under a reduction environment can be suppressed, and the problem of hexavalent chromium can be reliably prevented.
  • the reaction duct 50 is used for completely burning the flue gas. Because the flue gas can be burned with the reaction duct 50, the incompletely burned flue gas can be completely burned easily.
  • the reaction duct 50 may be provided with, for instance, a first flue gas burning part 52, a second flue gas burning part 54 and a third flue gas burning part 56.
  • the reaction duct 50 may be formed from a heat-resistant steel plate. When the reaction duct 50 and the burning furnace 20 are formed from different materials, because the thermal expansion will be different, the connections of the reaction duct 50 and the burning furnace 20 may mutually be connected with a flexible structure, and the large expansion and contraction caused by heat can be freely absorbed.
  • the first flue gas burning part 52 is used for mixing the flue gas and the gas containing oxygen and burning the flue gas with an ignition means such as a burner as the source for making a fire.
  • the gas containing oxygen is supplied from the oxygen supply path 70.
  • the oxygen supply path 70 may be provided so as to pass through the burning furnace 20. Consequently, the oxygen that passes through the oxygen supply path 70 can be heated with the burning furnace 20.
  • the oxygen supply path 70 is connected to the gas feeding device 40, a through hole 72 is provided to the oxygen supply path 70 within the burning furnace 20, and, in addition to a part of the gas containing oxygen in the oxygen supply path 70 being supplied to the burning furnace 20 through the through hole 72, the gas containing oxygen that was not supplied to the burning furnace 20 may pass through the oxygen supply path 70 and be mixed with the flue gas.
  • the first flue gas burning part 52 may induce a fire of the burning means applied in the second flue gas burning part 54 and burn the flue gas.
  • the temperature of the flue gas in the first flue gas burning part 52 may be set, for instance, within a range of 200 to 600°C, but it is more preferably set to be within a range of 250 to 500°C.
  • a tip 74 of the oxygen supply path 70 may be formed in a nozzle shape, and the gas containing oxygen may be discharged from the tip 74 to the first flue gas burning part 52, and mixed with the flue gas containing unburned components.
  • the oxygen supply path 70 may be provided so as to pass through the upper part within the burning furnace 20, and the through hole 72 of the oxygen supply path 70 may be provided to the upper part within the burning furnace 20. Because the burning components rise in the burning furnace 20, burning is preferably performed at the upper part of the burning furnace 20. Thus, by placing the oxygen supply path 70 at the upper part of the burning furnace 20, the gas containing oxygen in the oxygen supply path 70 can be more easily heated with the heat generated in the burning furnace 20.
  • the first flue gas burning part 52 is provided, even if incompletely burned flue gas is discharged from the discharge port 24 of the burning furnace 20, the carbon monoxide and hydrocarbons contained in the flue gas can be burned. Even when attempting to burn the flue gas with an auxiliary burner or the like, oxygen that is sufficient for burning the flue gas is not supplied to the burner.
  • the foregoing configuration is able to directly supply oxygen to the exhaust path in the reaction duct 50 for burning the flue gas, while reducing the amount of oxygen supplied to the burning furnace 20, without increasing the furnace pressure of the burning furnace 20.
  • the gas containing oxygen in the oxygen supply path 70 is heated with the heat of the burning furnace 20.
  • burning of that gas is promoted when the gas is mixed with the flue gas and burned, and the burning of the flue gas is thereby facilitated.
  • burning is preferably performed at the upper part of the burning furnace 20.
  • the oxygen supply path 70 at the upper part of the burning furnace 20 the gas containing oxygen in the oxygen supply path 70 can be more easily heated with the heat generated in the burning furnace 20.
  • the second flue gas burning part 54 burns the unburned flue gas remaining in the first flue gas burning part 52 by using a burning means such as a burner.
  • the temperature of the flue gas in the second flue gas burning part 54 can be set, for instance, to 600 to 1000°C. As a result of burning the flue gas with a burner, the temperature of the flue gas will normally rise to 800 to 900°C. Thus, dioxins can be easily decomposed.
  • the third flue gas burning part 56 can be configured from a catalytic part for further promoting the oxidation of flue gas components.
  • the catalytic part may be configured from honeycomb-type ceramics having oxides of alkaline earth metals as its primary component.
  • the catalytic part is preferably configured from ceramics that can be used at 300°C or higher, and preferably at 1000°C.
  • the catalytic part may be configured to be placed in an oxidizing atmosphere during the burning process and the temperature may be set, for instance, within a range of 300 to 1000°C. Under an oxidizing atmosphere, the gas feeding device 40 and the exhaust device 42 can be controlled and the feed rate of the gas containing oxygen can thereby be increased. Dioxins can also be decomposed in the third flue gas burning part 56.
  • Chemical components of the oxidation catalyst suitable for the purpose of this invention are, for instance, CaOSiO 2 , CaOAl 2 O 3 , or MgOAl 2 O 3 , their melting points are respectively 1540°C, 1600°C, and 2135°C, and their practical maximum temperatures are respectively 900°C, 1000°C, and 1100°C. All of the foregoing chemical components can be obtained by molding an equivalent amount of mixtures in units of CaO, SiO 2 , MgO, or Al 2 O 3 , and thereafter sintering the mixtures at a high temperature under an oxidizing atmosphere.
  • the sintering temperature does not need to be prescribed because it depends on the grain size of the raw material to be used, it would be desirable to set the sintering temperature to be 200°C to 400°C higher than the practical temperature.
  • the foregoing chemical components of the oxidation catalyst do not need to be limited to the three types described above, and, in addition to being configured with mutual mixed components, they may also excessively contain certain metal oxides, such as SiO 2 , as a sintering auxiliary agent.
  • the flue gas is directly oxidized based on a chemical reaction in a honeycomb-based space surrounded by the surfaces or walls of the oxidation catalyst, there is no need to use expensive noble metals such as Pt or Pd. Moreover, the use these noble metals and catalyst activities are disadvantageous due to the oxidation and evaluation at high temperatures and consumption thereof caused by the chemical reaction.
  • reaction duct 50 capable of effectively performing flue gas treatment at a temperature of 300°C or higher to 1000°C based on the heat from the secondary burning in the first flue gas burning part 52, the tertiary burning in the second flue gas burning part 54, and the quaternary burning in the third flue gas burning part 56.
  • the heat exchanger 60 With the heat exchanger 60, a large amount of water vapor contained in the flue gas is condensed by exchanging heat with the heating medium, and condensation heat is thereby generated. The condensed water is collected.
  • the heat exchanger 60 is configured, for instance, from a tubular heat exchanger, and a fin 62 may be provided as shown in Fig. 5 in order to increase the surface area.
  • the flue gas temperature at the inlet of the heat exchanger 60 may be set, for example, to be 500 to 700°C or lower.
  • the flue gas temperature of the outlet of the heat exchanger 60 may be set, for example, to be 200°C or lower.
  • the condensed heat in the heat exchanger 60 moves within the heat exchanger 60 and is discharged outside.
  • the heat exchanger 60 may be provided at the lateral part of the burning furnace 20, or at the upper part of the burning furnace 20.
  • the heat exchanger 60 may be provided horizontally, or provided downward as it goes toward the air outlet 44. By providing the heat exchanger 60 downward as it goes toward the air outlet 44, the condensed water generated with the heat exchanger 60 can be reliably guided to the air outlet 44.
  • the heat generated from the condensation can be effectively used, and the burning efficiency can thereby be improved.
  • the water vapor in the flue gas is not collected, and is exhausted.
  • the heat of the flue gas is transferred to a liquid or gas heating medium through the heat exchanger 60, the temperature of the flue gas will decrease.
  • the exhaust path such as a chimney.
  • the water vapor has been condensed, the amount of water vapor contained in the flue gas will decrease, and the damage to the exhaust path caused by the water vapor can also be suppressed.
  • the temperature of the flue gas can be lowered.
  • the burning apparatus 100 of a solid fuel may be provided with thermometers T1 to T8 for measuring the temperature of the respective locations.
  • the thermometers can be configured from a temperature sensor such as a thermocouple.
  • the temperatures to be measured for instance, considered may be the temperature near the ceiling of the burning furnace 20, the temperature near the discharge port 24 from which the flue gas is discharged from the burning furnace 20, the temperature near the second flue gas burning part 54, the temperature of the burner, and the temperature of the catalyst.
  • the burning in the burning furnace 20 is defined as “primary burning", the burning in the first flue gas burning part 52 is defined as “secondary burning”, the burning in the second flue gas burning part 54 is defined as “tertiary burning”, and the burning in the third flue gas burning part 56 is defined as “quaternary burning", and these terms will be used in this specification.
  • the present inventors aimed to provide an automatic burning control system of a wood-based bulk fuel boiler that is easy to use for everyone, and consequently installed a total of eight temperature sensors T1 to T8 inside and outside of the device, and thereby provided a method of cleanly burning a wood-based bulk fuel, which is a solid fuel.
  • the first temperature sensor T1 is a sensor for measuring the temperature of the intake of the heating medium (for instance, heating air).
  • the second temperature sensor T2 for instance, is a sensor for measuring the heating medium (for instance, heated air) heated immediately below the heat exchanger 60 provided between the housing covering the hot air passage as the space on the lateral face of the burning furnace 20.
  • the third temperature sensor T3, for instance, is a sensor for measuring the temperature of the center part of the ceiling in the burning furnace 20.
  • the fourth temperature sensor T4, for instance is a sensor for measuring the temperature near the burner.
  • the fifth temperature sensor T5 is a sensor for measuring the temperature immediately above the catalyst.
  • the sixth temperature sensor T6 is a sensor for measuring the temperature of the discharge port 24 of the hot air blower 80.
  • the seventh temperature sensor T7 is a sensor for measuring the temperature in a greenhouse to which the hot air is to be supplied.
  • the eighth temperature sensor T8 is an outside air thermometer.
  • All heating values are controlled by increasing or decreasing the air supply rate decided based on the relation of the gas feeding device 40 and the exhaust device 42.
  • the maximum tolerated burning capacity can be automatically controlled based on the ceiling temperature T3 in the furnace, the burner temperature T4, and the catalyst temperature T5.
  • the heating value is the sum of all heating values from primary burning to quaternary burning, the latent heat of condensation in the heat exchanger 60, and the heating quantities of the flue gas.
  • the primary burning heat of the burning furnace 20 the secondary burning heat of the reaction duct 50, the tertiary burning by a burner for auxiliary burning, the quarternary burning based on an oxidation catalyst, and the hot air temperature T2 obtained at a position designated immediately below the tubular heat exchanger in the flue that passes through the heat exchanger 60 can be used as the factors that represent the burning capacity.
  • the flue gas of a boiler that burns biomass needs to be cleaned as it contains ash dust and particulate PM 2.5, pitches, or dioxins.
  • One method is the batch method, wherein a large amount of fuel is placed at once in the burning furnace 20 in the full amount, and in a typical example after consuming fuel in five days of operation, new fuel is added upon lowering the furnace temperature, and the burning operation is resumed based on a one-week cycle.
  • the second method is the reheat method, wherein the intended amount of fuel is placed in a furnace from the small door 32 or the automatic input port to perform the burning operation in accordance with the insufficiency of the fuel midway during the burning operation, the reheat fuel is newly added the following day, and the burning operation can be repeated in a daily cycle.
  • the wood ash that is accumulated at the bottom of the furnace can be continuously used by being removed once every half year.
  • unprocessed logs and tree stumps can be used as the least expensive fuel, but both the batch method and the reheat method may be used by using air-dried fuel that was dried in a natural environment, and the following basic burning control technology may be used for preventing environmental pollution caused by incomplete burning.
  • the modes can be classified into (1) initial mode in which the lighting of the fuel is required, (2) regular mode in which the fuel burns together with the flame, (3) live charcoal mode in which the carbides of the burning residue are burned, (4) dormant mode in which the burning is stopped and a source for making a fire is retained in the burnt wooden pile and wood ash, (5) re-burn mode of returning from the dormant state to the burning state, (6) reheat mode of adding fuel and extending the burning time, and (7) quench mode of extinguishing the fire, and the problem can be resolved by setting the burning control method suitable for the respective modes.
  • (8) emergency safety measures may also be automated.
  • the initial mode refers to the process of lighting the fuel after performing the process of placing the fuel into the burning furnace and the process of inspecting the device.
  • the lighting process is performed either automatically or manually, but for the sake of convenience the manual operation is explained as the basic operation.
  • the bulk fuel to be placed in the furnace is often difficult-to-light fuel such as logs, driftwoods, lumber scraps, and tree stumps, easily burnable kindling material is placed at the front center of the top of the fuel.
  • the bulk fuel can be reliably lit when cinder is used as the kindling material. A large amount of cinder can be obtained by quenching the furnace a little early without operating the furnace to the end and completely burning the bulk fuel and leaving only wood ash.
  • the large door of the furnace is opened, the auxiliary burner is lit, and the gas feeding device 40 (air supply fan) and its electromagnetic valve, and the exhaust device 42 (induction fan) are driven at the highest capacity. If there is no abnormality, lighting of the kindling is promoted, preheating of the reaction duct 50, the catalyst, the heat exchanger, the induction fan, and the chimney is promoted, and, after confirming that the fuel is ignited during an operation of roughly 15 minutes, the large door may be closed, and the mode may be switched to the regular mode of performing automatic burning.
  • the gas feeding device 40 air supply fan
  • the exhaust device 42 induction fan
  • burner lighting and driving of the gas feeding device 40, the electromagnetic valve, and the induction fan are performed based on the respective setup values set with a programmable controller, and the confirmation of the fuel lighting and the process of closing the large door are performed based on manual operation.
  • the electromagnetic valve of the gas feeding device 40 it would be preferable to close the electromagnetic valve of the gas feeding device 40 to 30% to 60%, and more preferably 40% to 50%, and maintain it for 10 minutes to 60 minutes, and more desirably 30 minutes to 40 minutes, and the burning state is adjusted based on the differences in the fuel quality and the differences in the fuel ignition in the initial mode of (1) above.
  • the adjustment of the burning capacity is performed by adjusting the electromagnetic valve against the deviation of the hot air temperature T2, and because the heat capacity of the overall burning furnace 20 is large and the fuel temperature increases pursuant to the burning and its own burning is promoted based on the oxygen discharged from the fuel as the characteristics of the wood-derived fuel boiler, there is a problem in that excessive burning tends to occur.
  • the hot air temperature T2, and consequently the hot air temperature T5 becomes higher than the setup value, and the catalyst temperature T4, and the temperature T3 in the burning furnace 20, will also increase.
  • a moderate open/close rate for suppressing the fuming based on a rapid open/close operation of the electromagnetic valve is used, and an appropriate open/close rate is 1% to 10% per minute, more desirably 4% to 6%. It would be preferable to simultaneously lower the exhaust rate of the exhaust device 42, and lower the exhaustion rate from 35 Hz to 30 Hz, 25 Hz, and 20 Hz based on step operations. In the foregoing case, it was confirmed that, by setting the minimum limit obtained by subtracting the rotation of the exhaust device 42 by 0.5 Hz per minute by approximately 10 Hz, the excessive burning and the fuming can be suitably suppressed.
  • the hot air temperature T2 starts to rise, and normally the hot air temperature T5 also starts to rise a little later.
  • the setup value of the hot air temperature T5 differs depending on the season and usage, but is normally set to 20°C to 60°C, and in particular, for the heating of plants and animals, the maximum temperature is normally set to 60°C as the heat resistant limit of the hot air blower (hot air fan) 80 and the plastic duct.
  • the maximum heating capacity as the difference between the air intake temperature T1 and the hot air temperature T5 of the hot air output will be approximately ⁇ T to 50°C.
  • the air flow can be reduced when a high hot air temperature is required and the airflow can be increased when a low hot air temperature is required relative to a certain level of thermal output.
  • the hot air blower 80 can easily change the air flow mechanically because it is driven with an inverter, and, because the change in the air flow of the hot air blower 80 affects the stability of burning of the burning furnace 20; that is, impairs the thermally balanced state, the change of air flow should be limited to once every hour at most in order to maintain a stable burning state and thermal output.
  • a hot air temperature of 90 to 120°C is sometimes used.
  • a hot air blower 80 having a heat resistance limit of 180°C or higher is used.
  • the returned hot air of 50°C to 60°C of a high temperature that was used is introduced into the air intake and heated, and hot air of a temperature up to 100°C to 110°C is supplied, but the air flow is reduced to 50% or less in comparison to cases when the hot air temperature is 50°C.
  • the regular mode gases, mainly lightweight hydrocarbons, are preferentially burned, and carbons as carbides are subsequently burned. Consequently, the regular mode switches to the live charcoal mode of burning carbides; that is, cinder-like black coal, that appear in the midst of the burning process, and the fuming will decrease.
  • the switch from the regular mode to the live charcoal mode is not made suddenly, and the time period relative to the burning process is, approximately, regular mode 1/3, switching mode 1/3, and live charcoal mode 1/3.
  • black coal and bamboo charcoal can be obtained by placing carbonizing fuel at the bottom of the burning furnace 20, placing fuel to be burned at the upper part thereof and burning the fuel, and quenching the fire at the proper timing.
  • the operation of the burning furnace 20 involves various modes such as continuous operation and temporary suspension.
  • heating is used 24/7 as with dryers or in cold regions, there are cases where it is necessary to cause the burning to be temporarily dormant and then resume the heating when required depending on usage such as when heating factories, meeting rooms, and offices during the day and heating protected agriculture, barns, and factories during the night.
  • the air supply electromagnetic valve is 1% to 10%, preferably 3% to approximately 7%.
  • the air supply rate can be considerably reduced, and live coal can be retained in the burnt wooden pile of ember or in the charcoal fire buried in the wood ash. While the lighting of the burner is stopped after switching to the dormant mode, the burner fan for preventing the contamination of the nozzle part will continue to be operated.
  • the fuel can be re-burned at the programmed time to increase the thermal output of the burning furnace 20.
  • the fuel is rather dry because it has just undergone the burning operation, and ignition and temperature rise are facilitated.
  • the reheat mode which, unlike the batch operation, continuously operates the burning furnace 20 while adding fuel can be used.
  • the mode is switched to the reheat mode or the quench mode after detecting the fuel shortage. After switching to the reheat mode for extending the burning time, the reheat fuel can be added.
  • the added amount of fuel while fuel is continuously added without interruption in the general burning method, a wooden bulk fuel furnace is unique in that the added amount; that is, the reheat amount, can be set in daily units. While the reheat amount is dependent on the quality of the fuel to be used, it is possible to comprehend one day worth of fuel from the fuel that is being used. As the reheat amount, generally speaking, a fuel amount that is 1/5 to 1/7 of the batch amount is placed into the burning furnace 20 from the small door 32 or the automatic input port.
  • the mode In order to stop the burning furnace 20, in all burning modes, the mode is switched to the quench mode manually or at the programmed time, and the electromagnetic valve is gradually decreased from its used state to 0%. Furthermore, the rotation rate of the induction fan is simultaneously lowered by approximately 10 Hz, and the fire in the burning furnace 20 is thereafter completely quenched. While it is difficult with a boiler having a large heat capacity, there are demands for rapidly cooling the heated burning furnace 20.
  • the hot air blower 80 is driven at 50 Hz to 60 Hz for 2 hours to 4 hours, and more desirably for approximately 3 hours, to cause the hot air temperature T2 to be approximately 25°C or lower (when the outside air temperature is 10°C), and can be subsequently stopped.
  • the control conditions and control method for each burning mode in the burning control explained above can be realized by using electronic control equipment for use in a factory automation system.
  • the primary electric equipment for automatic control used are a serial communication unit in which a burning control software program is equipped in a sophisticated programmable controller and which connects to the operating equipment at high speed, and an analog output unit and a temperature sensor unit which need to be used for different purposes in the control equipment.
  • confirmation of the operational state and the control state can be displayed on a touch panel based on the foregoing operations of the control system.
  • the air flow or the rotation rate of the exhaust device 42 for adjusting the flue gas volume and the hot air blower 80 for adjusting the supplied heat quantity is dealt with by automatically adjusting the heating value, hot air temperature, and air flow based on inverter control, and the mixing damper 14 mixes the incorporated outside air T1 and the hot air T2 with an electronic switch to obtain the intended hot air temperature T6.
  • While the aperture of the electromagnetic valve is reduced to a proper open/close rate in order to suppress excessive burning, because sudden opening/closing will increase fuming, a moderate open/close rate is required, and an appropriate open/close rate is 1% to 10% per minute, more desirably 4% to 6%.
  • an appropriate open/close rate is 1% to 10% per minute, more desirably 4% to 6%.
  • the air supply rate of the electromagnetic valve needed to have an air supply capacity that is 1.5 to 2 times in comparison to the regular mode.
  • the live charcoal mode because charcoal fire is burned and the temperature in the furnace tends to increase, heat resistance of the furnace was required. Consequently, contamination of flue gas and pitches in the furnace or accumulated in the flue is completely burned and cleaned, and, in the live charcoal mode, the burning of coals under the same burning conditions as charcoal is enabled.
  • the air supply rate can be considerably reduced, and live coal can be retained in the burnt wooden pile of ember or in the charcoal fire buried in the wood ash, by adjusting the air supply electromagnetic valve to be 1% to 10%, preferably 3% to approximately 7% at the programmed time. Moreover, this live coal can be maintained for several days while there is fuel, and re-burned at the intended time as needed.
  • the dormant mode is cancelled and switched to the regular mode at the programmed time, and the fuel is re-burned, and, when the amount of live coal is appropriate, the time required for the re-burning is 1 to 2 hours.
  • the control system In the reheat mode, when consumption of the fuel advances and the heating value decreases, sufficient reheat fuel is added and the heating capacity is maintained. In order to safely operate the reheat mode, foremost, the control system is switched to the dormant mode, and, after the heating power subsides after the lapse of 20 minutes to 40 minutes, preferably after the lapse of approximately 30 minutes, additional fuel is placed into the furnace from the small door 32 or the automatic input port, and the dormant mode is subsequently switched to the re-burn mode.
  • the amount of fuel that can be added at once needs to be limited in order to maintain stable burning.
  • the source for making a fire is the lower part of the added reheat fuel, and the burning capacity needs to be 10 hours' worth or 1 day worth or less in order to avoid a large amount of fuel being burned at once, and this can be operated in the regular mode.
  • the electromagnetic valve is gradually decreased from its used state to 0% manually or at the programmed time, and the rate of the exhaust device 42 is simultaneously lowered by approximately 10 Hz, and the fire in the furnace is thereafter completely quenched. Nevertheless, in order to promote the cooling of the heated furnace, the hot air blower 80 is driven at 50 Hz to 60 Hz for 2 hours to 4 hours, and more desirably for approximately 3 hours, and can be subsequently stopped after the temperature of the furnace has decreased.
  • the ash dust amount is approximately 1/50 of the ash dust amount of a representative pellet boiler, and it is possible to considerably contribute to measures for dealing with PM 2.5.
  • biomass burning the generation of dioxins cannot be ignored in many cases, but in this embodiment it is possible to suppress the generation of dioxins.
  • burning control can be performed so as to gradually burn the solid fuel.
  • the gas heating apparatus 200 can be realized by using the burning apparatus 100 of a solid fuel according to the foregoing embodiment.
  • outside air can be incorporated from a first opening 12 in communication with a hot air passage provided at a part of the center of the ceiling of the housing, or ventilation air can be heat-exchanged with the outer wall of the burning furnace 20, the heat exchanger 60, and the outer wall of the reaction duct 50 to generate hot air.
  • the predetermined hot air temperature can be realized based on a mixing mechanism of opening/closing a second opening 14 in communication with a hot air path provided at a part of the housing 10 and incorporating the outside air. It is thereby possible to discharge hot air of a predetermined temperature from the hot air blower 80.
  • a guide plate (not shown) may be provided on either side between the body 10 and the burning furnace 20 so that such air comes into contact with the reaction duct 50.
  • the gas heating apparatus 200 comprises a gas feeding device 40 and an exhaust device 42 which adjust the internal pressure of the burning furnace 20 and the flue gas flow rate in the flue, a mixing damper 14 which incorporates the outside air and adjusts the hot air temperature, and a hot air blower (hot air fan or the like) 80 for adjusting the hot air feed rate.
  • the hot air blower 80 may be controlled based on inverter control.
  • the mixing damper 14 may use an electronic switch or a fan for incorporating outside air of a low temperature.
  • the outside air incorporated from the top of the burning furnace 20 can be halved with a damper provided between the ceiling of the furnace and the outer wall at the top of the furnace.
  • a part of the outside air is heated at the outer peripheral part of the burning furnace 20 and the heat exchanger 60 and becomes hot air
  • the other part of the outside air is heated at the outer peripheral part of the reaction duct 50 and the heat exchange and becomes hot air.
  • the foregoing hot air is mixed with the outside air from the outside air intake damper 14 and becomes hot air of a proper temperature, and then discharged from the hot air blower 80.
  • this gas heating apparatus 200 as a burning system that is suitable for environmental measures, adopted is a clean burning system including primary burning of burning fuel in a furnace of a negative pressure at a low temperature, secondary burning of cleansing the flue gas, tertiary burning based on auxiliary fuel, and quarternary burning based on a powerful oxidation catalyst.
  • the burning apparatus 100 of a solid fuel can also be applied to a liquid heating apparatus 300.
  • Liquid water or the like
  • the liquid can be circulated within the body 10 so that the liquid is heat-exchanged with the outer wall of the burning furnace 20, the heat exchanger 60, and the outer wall of the reaction duct 50 and thereby heated.
  • the liquid can be introduced into the body 10 through a pipe line, a first opening 12 or an inlet for introducing the pipe line into the body 10 may also be provided at the top face or lateral face of the body 10.
  • the heated liquid may be discharged outside with a pump or the like, and the heated liquid may be used for some kind of purpose, or heat may be discharged from the heat radiator for heating some kind of object such as a heating medium.
  • a tank 310 may be provided on the burning furnace 20, and the heat of the burning furnace may directly heat the liquid in the tank, and a heat exchanger 60 through which flue gas passes may be provided within the tank 310, and the heat of the flue gas can be used to heat the heating medium (liquid) based on the heat exchanger 60.
  • a cistern 320 may be connected to the tank 310. When the temperature of water increases and the pressure of the liquid in the tank 310 increases, the liquid is transferred to the cistern 320 until the pressure in the tank 310 becomes a normal pressure.
  • the liquid When the pressure of the liquid falls below a normal pressure, the liquid is returned from the cistern 320 to the tank 310, and the water in the tank 310 is supplied until it becomes a normal pressure. Moreover, the heated liquid may be discharged from the tank 310 or the liquid may be supplied to the hot water tank as needed.
  • a power generation system 400 using the burning apparatus 100 of a solid fuel according to this embodiment is now explained with reference to Fig. 7 .
  • the flue of the flue gas is configured so that the heat exchanger 60 passes through the evaporator 410.
  • a liquid heating medium (water, for instance) is stored in the evaporator 410. Heat of the flue gas is transferred to the liquid heating medium by the heat exchanger 60.
  • the evaporator 410 may be provided, for instance, above the burning furnace 20. It is thereby possible to transfer the heat of the burning furnace 20 to the liquid heating medium in the evaporator 410 through the top face of the burning furnace 20.
  • the liquid heating medium will evaporate.
  • the gas heating medium is supplied to the expander 420 as a turbine, the energy of the gas heating medium is converted into rotational energy by the expander 420, and power is thereby generated by the power generator 430.
  • the heating medium discharged from the expander 420 is condensed into liquid by the condenser 440, and the condensed liquid heating medium is returned inside the evaporator 60.
  • the expander 420 for instance, a semi-hermetically sealed screw turbine-type power generator in which a screw turbine and a power generator are configured in a uniaxial integrated structure may be used.
  • a cooling system 500 using the burning apparatus 100 of a solid fuel according to this embodiment is now explained with reference to Fig. 8 .
  • the flue of the flue gas is configured so that the heat exchanger 60 passes through the regenerator 510.
  • a liquid heating medium (water, for instance) is stored in the regenerator 510. Heat of the flue gas is transferred to the liquid heating medium by the heat exchanger 60.
  • the regenerator 510 may be provided, for instance, above the burning furnace 20. It is thereby possible to transfer the heat of the burning furnace 20 to the liquid in the regenerator 510 through the top face of the burning furnace 20.
  • the first heating medium (water, for instance) exists in a state of being incorporated into a solution (for instance, lithium bromide-water solution) for absorbing the first heating medium. Heat of the flue gas is transferred to the first heating medium (water, for instance) by the heat exchanger 60, and the first heating medium will evaporate.
  • the first heating medium is condensed in the condenser 520.
  • the condensed first heating medium is supplied to the evaporator 530 of a reduced pressure, and then evaporated in the evaporator 530.
  • the first heating medium absorbs the evaporation heat from a second heating medium circulating in the indoor equipment based on the heat exchanger.
  • the cooled second heating medium is supplied to the indoor equipment 540.
  • the first heating medium is absorbed by the solution which absorbs the first heating medium in the absorber 550.
  • the solution that absorbs the second heating medium is returned to the regenerator 510 using a pump or the like.
  • the size of the burning furnace will directly limit the amount of batch-type fuel that can be directly placed in the furnace, it is an important factor depending on the usage.
  • Fuel is placed in a burning furnace of 2 m 3 in the burning apparatus A and fuel is placed in a burning furnace of 4 m 3 in the burning apparatus B, but the amount of fuel that can be placed in the burning furnace differs considerably depending on the shape of the fuel. Even if fuel is placed in the burning furnace by minimizing the space between large and small logs, the amount of fuel that can be placed in the burning apparatus A is, at most, 1 t, and the amount of fuel that can be placed in the burning apparatus B is roughly 2 t.
  • Burning that is, the heating value is closely related to the amount of air that is fed by the gas feeding device, and, while the blast capacity depends on the structure and performance of the fan, under current circumstances in which relevant technologies have matured, it could be said that their functions are in proportion to the size of the approximate power consumption.
  • Table 2 shows the power consumption as the method of simplifying the functions of fans.
  • kerosene In the burning furnace, flue gas is generated due to the incomplete burning of the primary burning, and, while the unburned components are further burned in the secondary burning, the burning is further promoted with the auxiliary burner.
  • the auxiliary burner can use kerosene as one type of fossil fuel, or gases. Otherwise, while an electric heater can be used as a simple method, kerosene can be used from the perspective of cost-benefit performance. When a burner of 1.5 L is used as the kerosene charge per hour, the heating value corresponds to 15.3 kWh/h.
  • the heating value of the burning furnace becomes the sum of the heating value of the wood-derived fuel and the heating value of the burner
  • the burning furnace of the burning apparatus A and the burning furnace of the burning apparatus B 18.8% and 10.4% as their entire heating values become the burner heat quantities, respectively.
  • the burning furnace of the burning apparatus A and the burning furnace of the burning apparatus B are used, and, as explained in the foregoing embodiment, by classifying the modes into (1) initial mode in which the lighting of the fuel is required, (2) regular mode in which the fuel burns together with the flame, (3) live charcoal mode in which the carbides of the burning residue are burned, (4) dormant mode in which the burning is stopped and a source for making a fire is retained in the burnt wooden pile and wood ash, (5) re-burn mode of returning from the dormant state to the burning state, (6) reheat mode of adding fuel to the burning furnace and extending the burning time, and (7) quench mode of extinguishing the fire, the control conditions for each specified burning mode were realized by using the electronic control equipment for use in a factory automation system.
  • the automatic burning operation of the burning furnace of the wood-based bulk solid fuel was performed by adjusting the air supply rate with an electromagnetic valve of the gas feeding device, adjusting the internal pressure of the burning furnace and the flow rate of the flue by changing the fan speed of the exhaust device, adjusting the opening of the mixing damper, and adjusting the hot air feed rate of the hot air blower based on the setup value of the thermometer output which is suitable for the respective modes.
  • the primary electric equipment for automatic control used were a serial communication unit in which a control software program for each burning mode is equipped in the programmable controller PLC and which connects to the operating equipment at high speed, and an analog output unit and a temperature sensor unit which need to be used for different purposes in the control equipment. Furthermore, confirmation of the operational state and the control state were displayed on a touch panel based on the foregoing operations of the control system.
  • the average temperature of the exhaust gas was 70°C, and the amount of ash dust that was generated and the amount of dioxins that was discharged were 1/10 or less in comparison to the discharge standard.
  • a wooden biomass boiler is a recycling-oriented carbon dioxide zero emission system, and, when fossil fuel and its devices are replaced, 90% or more of the discharged greenhouse gases can be reduced in consideration of the amount of fossil fuel as the auxiliary fuel.
  • the emission rights of greenhouse gases can be used for further reducing the fuel costs, and the fuel consumption of the wood-based bulk fuel boiler can be suppressed boundlessly in the future based on the present invention.
  • the present invention can be broadly applied as a burning apparatus of solid fuels such as woods, carbides, or bio-based bulk combustibles.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
EP16896989.7A 2016-03-30 2016-07-07 Dispositif de combustion de combustible solide, procédé de combustion de combustible solide, dispositif de chauffage au gaz, dispositif de chauffage de liquide, système de production d'énergie et système de refroidissement Withdrawn EP3438528A4 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

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JP2016069823A JP6232540B2 (ja) 2016-03-30 2016-03-30 固体燃料の燃焼装置および固体燃料の燃焼方法、並びに、気体加熱装置、液体加熱装置、発電システムおよび冷房システム
JP2016069824A JP6277475B2 (ja) 2016-03-30 2016-03-30 固体燃料の燃焼装置および固体燃料の燃焼方法、並びに、気体加熱装置、液体加熱装置、発電システムおよび冷房システム
JP2016069822A JP6232539B2 (ja) 2016-03-30 2016-03-30 固体燃料の燃焼装置および固体燃料の燃焼方法、並びに、気体加熱装置、液体加熱装置、発電システムおよび冷房システム
PCT/JP2016/070196 WO2017168772A1 (fr) 2016-03-30 2016-07-07 Dispositif de combustion de combustible solide, procédé de combustion de combustible solide, dispositif de chauffage au gaz, dispositif de chauffage de liquide, système de production d'énergie et système de refroidissement

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EP3438528A4 EP3438528A4 (fr) 2020-02-26

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019114571A1 (de) * 2019-05-29 2020-12-03 Rainer Knörrlein GmbH Verbrennungsoptimierungseinrichtung zur Emissionsreduzierung in Rauchgas, Holzbackofen mit einer Verbrennungsoptimierungseinrichtung sowie deren Verwendung
WO2021057199A1 (fr) * 2019-09-23 2021-04-01 闵鑫沛 Incinérateur de stérilisation à réduction de fumée de filtration à haute température de gaz de combustion
EP4177528A1 (fr) * 2021-11-03 2023-05-10 Suter Entfeuchtungstechnik AG Appareil de chauffage à rendement amélioré

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JPS5849462Y2 (ja) * 1981-09-21 1983-11-11 中濃窯業株式会社 バ−ナ−加熱炉の燃焼口封鎖装置
JPH05322148A (ja) * 1991-01-18 1993-12-07 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 炉内圧力制御装置
DE19510425C2 (de) * 1995-03-24 1999-05-27 Bosch Gmbh Robert Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Regelung eines Heizgerätes
JP4044431B2 (ja) * 2002-12-13 2008-02-06 サンポット株式会社 ペレット燃料燃焼装置
JP2006266610A (ja) * 2005-03-24 2006-10-05 Chiyuuden Plant Kk 木質バイオマスを熱源とした吸収冷温水機
DE102006001299A1 (de) * 2006-01-11 2007-07-12 Eckhart Weber Holzpellet-Blockheizkraftwerk mit Stirlingmotor in Brennwerttechnik
JP4734462B2 (ja) * 2009-03-03 2011-07-27 和雄 宮谷 木質系バルク燃料用燃焼炉とその燃焼制御方法、その燃焼炉を用いた温風発生装置及び木質系バルク燃料用燃焼炉の排煙利用方法
JP2014081187A (ja) * 2012-10-12 2014-05-08 Katsuhiko Hiramatsu もみ殻、木質（オガ粉）を燃料とした発電方法
CZ201374A3 (cs) * 2013-02-04 2015-03-11 Step Trutnov A.S. Kotel pro spalování celých balíků biomasy

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102019114571A1 (de) * 2019-05-29 2020-12-03 Rainer Knörrlein GmbH Verbrennungsoptimierungseinrichtung zur Emissionsreduzierung in Rauchgas, Holzbackofen mit einer Verbrennungsoptimierungseinrichtung sowie deren Verwendung
DE102019114571B4 (de) 2019-05-29 2023-10-12 Rainer Knörrlein GmbH Verbrennungsoptimierungseinrichtung zur Emissionsreduzierung in Rauchgas, Holzbackofen mit einer Verbrennungsoptimierungseinrichtung sowie deren Verwendung
WO2021057199A1 (fr) * 2019-09-23 2021-04-01 闵鑫沛 Incinérateur de stérilisation à réduction de fumée de filtration à haute température de gaz de combustion
EP4177528A1 (fr) * 2021-11-03 2023-05-10 Suter Entfeuchtungstechnik AG Appareil de chauffage à rendement amélioré

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