EP3433530B1 - Installation d'alimentation en gaz combustible d'un organe consommateur de gaz et de liquefaction dudit gaz combustible - Google Patents

Installation d'alimentation en gaz combustible d'un organe consommateur de gaz et de liquefaction dudit gaz combustible Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3433530B1
EP3433530B1 EP17716958.8A EP17716958A EP3433530B1 EP 3433530 B1 EP3433530 B1 EP 3433530B1 EP 17716958 A EP17716958 A EP 17716958A EP 3433530 B1 EP3433530 B1 EP 3433530B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
path
tank
combustible gas
heat
installation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP17716958.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3433530A1 (fr
Inventor
Bruno Deletre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
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Gaztransport et Technigaz SA
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Priority to PL17716958T priority Critical patent/PL3433530T3/pl
Publication of EP3433530A1 publication Critical patent/EP3433530A1/fr
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C9/00—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
    • F17C9/02—Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
    • F17C9/04—Recovery of thermal energy
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/0002—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures characterised by the fluid to be liquefied
    • F25J1/0022—Hydrocarbons, e.g. natural gas
    • F25J1/0025—Boil-off gases "BOG" from storages
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0228—Coupling of the liquefaction unit to other units or processes, so-called integrated processes
    • F25J1/0229—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock
    • F25J1/023—Integration with a unit for using hydrocarbons, e.g. consuming hydrocarbons as feed stock for the combustion as fuels, i.e. integration with the fuel gas system
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0258—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines vertical layout of the equipments within in the cold box
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J1/00—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures
    • F25J1/02—Processes or apparatus for liquefying or solidifying gases or gaseous mixtures requiring the use of refrigeration, e.g. of helium or hydrogen ; Details and kind of the refrigeration system used; Integration with other units or processes; Controlling aspects of the process
    • F25J1/0243—Start-up or control of the process; Details of the apparatus used; Details of the refrigerant compression system used
    • F25J1/0257—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines
    • F25J1/0275—Construction and layout of liquefaction equipments, e.g. valves, machines adapted for special use of the liquefaction unit, e.g. portable or transportable devices
    • F25J1/0277—Offshore use, e.g. during shipping
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J5/00—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants
    • F25J5/002—Arrangements of cold exchangers or cold accumulators in separation or liquefaction plants for continuously recuperating cold, i.e. in a so-called recuperative heat exchanger
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/10—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically
    • F28D7/12—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged one within the other, e.g. concentrically the surrounding tube being closed at one end, e.g. return type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D7/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall
    • F28D7/16—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation
    • F28D7/163—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing
    • F28D7/1669—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing the conduit assemblies having an annular shape; the conduits being assembled around a central distribution tube
    • F28D7/1676—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary tubular conduit assemblies for both heat-exchange media, the media being in contact with different sides of a conduit wall the conduits being arranged in parallel spaced relation with conduit assemblies having a particular shape, e.g. square or annular; with assemblies of conduits having different geometrical features; with multiple groups of conduits connected in series or parallel and arranged inside common casing the conduit assemblies having an annular shape; the conduits being assembled around a central distribution tube with particular pattern of flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. change of flow direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F27/00—Control arrangements or safety devices specially adapted for heat-exchange or heat-transfer apparatus
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/01—Mounting arrangements
    • F17C2205/0123—Mounting arrangements characterised by number of vessels
    • F17C2205/013—Two or more vessels
    • F17C2205/0134—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels
    • F17C2205/0142—Two or more vessels characterised by the presence of fluid connection between vessels bundled in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2205/00—Vessel construction, in particular mounting arrangements, attachments or identifications means
    • F17C2205/03—Fluid connections, filters, valves, closure means or other attachments
    • F17C2205/0302—Fittings, valves, filters, or components in connection with the gas storage device
    • F17C2205/0352—Pipes
    • F17C2205/0367—Arrangements in parallel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2221/00—Handled fluid, in particular type of fluid
    • F17C2221/03—Mixtures
    • F17C2221/032—Hydrocarbons
    • F17C2221/033—Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/01—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2223/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2223/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2223/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/03—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2223/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/043—Localisation of the removal point in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2223/00—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2223/04—Handled fluid before transfer, i.e. state of fluid when stored in the vessel or before transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid before transfer
    • F17C2223/042—Localisation of the removal point
    • F17C2223/046—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid
    • F17C2223/047—Localisation of the removal point in the liquid with a dip tube
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0107—Single phase
    • F17C2225/0123—Single phase gaseous, e.g. CNG, GNC
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/01—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the phase
    • F17C2225/0146—Two-phase
    • F17C2225/0153—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL
    • F17C2225/0161—Liquefied gas, e.g. LPG, GPL cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/033—Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/03—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by the pressure level
    • F17C2225/035—High pressure, i.e. between 10 and 80 bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2225/00—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel
    • F17C2225/04—Handled fluid after transfer, i.e. state of fluid after transfer from the vessel characterised by other properties of handled fluid after transfer
    • F17C2225/042—Localisation of the filling point
    • F17C2225/043—Localisation of the filling point in the gas
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0121—Propulsion of the fluid by gravity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/01—Propulsion of the fluid
    • F17C2227/0128—Propulsion of the fluid with pumps or compressors
    • F17C2227/0157—Compressors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0302—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating
    • F17C2227/0306—Heat exchange with the fluid by heating using the same fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0337—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling
    • F17C2227/0339—Heat exchange with the fluid by cooling using the same fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/03—Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/0367—Localisation of heat exchange
    • F17C2227/0388—Localisation of heat exchange separate
    • F17C2227/0393—Localisation of heat exchange separate using a vaporiser
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2227/00—Transfer of fluids, i.e. method or means for transferring the fluid; Heat exchange with the fluid
    • F17C2227/04—Methods for emptying or filling
    • F17C2227/044—Methods for emptying or filling by purging
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/03—Control means
    • F17C2250/032—Control means using computers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/043—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/04—Indicating or measuring of parameters as input values
    • F17C2250/0404—Parameters indicated or measured
    • F17C2250/0443—Flow or movement of content
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0626—Pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2250/00—Accessories; Control means; Indicating, measuring or monitoring of parameters
    • F17C2250/06—Controlling or regulating of parameters as output values
    • F17C2250/0605—Parameters
    • F17C2250/0636—Flow or movement of content
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/03—Dealing with losses
    • F17C2260/035—Dealing with losses of fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2260/00—Purposes of gas storage and gas handling
    • F17C2260/05—Improving chemical properties
    • F17C2260/056—Improving fluid characteristics
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/01—Purifying the fluid
    • F17C2265/015—Purifying the fluid by separating
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/01—Purifying the fluid
    • F17C2265/015—Purifying the fluid by separating
    • F17C2265/017—Purifying the fluid by separating different phases of a same fluid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/03—Treating the boil-off
    • F17C2265/032—Treating the boil-off by recovery
    • F17C2265/033—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling
    • F17C2265/034—Treating the boil-off by recovery with cooling with condensing the gas phase
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/06—Fluid distribution
    • F17C2265/066—Fluid distribution for feeding engines for propulsion
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2265/00—Effects achieved by gas storage or gas handling
    • F17C2265/07—Generating electrical power as side effect
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F17—STORING OR DISTRIBUTING GASES OR LIQUIDS
    • F17C—VESSELS FOR CONTAINING OR STORING COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED OR SOLIDIFIED GASES; FIXED-CAPACITY GAS-HOLDERS; FILLING VESSELS WITH, OR DISCHARGING FROM VESSELS, COMPRESSED, LIQUEFIED, OR SOLIDIFIED GASES
    • F17C2270/00—Applications
    • F17C2270/01—Applications for fluid transport or storage
    • F17C2270/0102—Applications for fluid transport or storage on or in the water
    • F17C2270/0105—Ships
    • F17C2270/0107—Wall panels
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25J—LIQUEFACTION, SOLIDIFICATION OR SEPARATION OF GASES OR GASEOUS OR LIQUEFIED GASEOUS MIXTURES BY PRESSURE AND COLD TREATMENT OR BY BRINGING THEM INTO THE SUPERCRITICAL STATE
    • F25J2290/00—Other details not covered by groups F25J2200/00 - F25J2280/00
    • F25J2290/62—Details of storing a fluid in a tank
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2265/00—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction
    • F28F2265/26—Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction for allowing differential expansion between elements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of installations for processing a combustible gas, for example liquefied natural gas (LNG).
  • a combustible gas for example liquefied natural gas (LNG).
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • the invention relates more particularly to an installation aimed, on the one hand, at supplying combustible gas to a gas consuming member and, on the other hand, at liquefying said combustible gas.
  • Liquefied natural gas is stored in sealed and thermally insulating tanks, in a two-phase liquid / vapor equilibrium state, at cryogenic temperatures.
  • the thermal insulation barriers of liquefied natural gas storage tanks are the seat of a thermal flux tending to heat the contents of the tanks, which results in evaporation of the liquefied natural gas.
  • the gas resulting from natural evaporation is generally used to feed a gas consuming organ in order to develop it.
  • the evaporated gas is used to power the powertrain making it possible to propel the ship or the generator sets supplying the electricity necessary for the operation of the on-board equipment.
  • such a practice makes it possible to recover the gas resulting from natural evaporation in the tanks, it does not make it possible to reduce its quantity.
  • the composition of the vapor phase resulting from natural evaporation is different from that of the liquid phase and moreover tends to vary over time.
  • the vapor phase resulting from natural evaporation naturally presents a composition richer in the most volatile components, such as nitrogen for liquefied natural gas, than the liquid phase.
  • the calorific value of the gas resulting from natural evaporation like that of the liquefied gas remaining in the tank is variable over time when natural evaporation prevails.
  • the supply of a consumer organ with a combustible gas whose calorific capacity undergoes significant variations is likely to cause imperfect combustion of the gas as well as malfunctions and variable efficiency of the gas consuming member.
  • JP0960799 describes an LNG storage installation with an LNG vaporization circuit and a gas recondensation circuit from natural evaporation.
  • the vaporization of LNG in the vaporization circuit is produced by the heat supplied by the heater 24.
  • the document KR20100021774 describes an apparatus for supplying combustible gas to a high pressure gas injection engine in a ship.
  • This device comprises a liquefied gas supply line connecting a liquefied gas fuel tank to a high pressure gas injection engine, a re-liquefaction circulation line, a compression unit installed in the liquid supply line.
  • liquefied gas liquefied gas
  • a vaporized gas liquefaction unit a vaporized gas re-liquefaction unit
  • the controller regulates the adjustment pressure of the liquefied fuel tank and the quantity of liquefied gas supply according to the load variations acting on the high pressure gas injection engine.
  • An idea underlying the invention is to propose an installation aiming at supplying combustible gas to a gas consuming member and at re-liquefying said combustible gas which does not have at least some of the drawbacks of the prior art.
  • Certain aspects of the invention start from the idea of using the liquid phase of the combustible gas as a refrigerant in a heat exchanger to cool and condense the gas resulting from natural evaporation.
  • such an installation may include one or more of the following characteristics.
  • the outlet of the spraying path is arranged lower than the inlet of the spraying path.
  • both the first flow of combustible gas in the condensation path and the second flow of combustible gas in the vaporization path realize a downward movement, which promotes the exploitation of gravity to maintain the circulation of these two flows.
  • this orientation of the flows makes it possible to carry out a co-current heat exchange between the liquid phase of the combustible gas used as refrigerant and the gas resulting from natural evaporation to promote an isothermal heat exchange by phase change.
  • the vaporization path is configured to flow the second flow of combustible gas in the form of falling liquid films.
  • the vaporization path of the heat exchanger comprises a phase separation tank disposed at the bottom of the vaporization path, the phase separation tank having a bottom wall and a side wall extending upward from the bottom wall, the outlet of the spray path opening through the side wall of the phase separation tank at a position spaced above the bottom wall.
  • a purge circuit opens out through the bottom wall of the phase separation tank in order to be able to evacuate a liquid phase from the phase separation tank by gravity.
  • an evacuation of this liquid fraction is facilitated in order to avoid saturating or obstruct the spray path.
  • the vaporization path of the heat exchanger is placed in depression, that is to say at a pressure lower than the pressure prevailing in the vapor phase of the sealed and thermally insulating tank. It is thus possible to further force the vaporization of the combustible gas in the vaporization path, by the cumulative effect of the heat supply in the condensation path and of the vacuum in the vaporization path. In addition, since the vacuum moves the two-phase equilibrium temperature down in the vaporization path, it is thus possible to increase the heat flow transferred from the vapor phase in the condensation path to the gas located in the vaporization route.
  • the absolute pressure in the vaporization path is greater than 120 mbar absolute. It is indeed preferable for the pressure inside the vaporization path to be higher than the pressure corresponding to the triple point of the methane phase diagram so as to avoid solidification of the natural gas inside the vaporization path. .
  • the pressure in the vaporization path can in particular be between 500 mbar absolute and 980 mbar absolute.
  • the installation further comprises a vacuum pump or vacuum pump connected to the vaporization path to place the vaporization path of the heat exchanger at a pressure lower than the pressure prevailing in the vapor phase of the waterproof and thermally insulating tank
  • such a vacuum pump can be controlled as a function of a flow rate setpoint or a pressure setpoint.
  • a flow or pressure setpoint can be predetermined or generated by the gas consuming member.
  • connection between the outlet of the vaporization channel and the gas consuming member can be direct or indirect, depending on the requirements of the consuming member.
  • the aforementioned vacuum pump is arranged between the outlet of the vaporization path and the gas consuming member.
  • a compressor is arranged between the outlet of the vaporization path and the gas consuming member to supply a flow of gas in the vapor phase at a pressure higher than the storage pressure in the tank.
  • the heat exchanger comprises a sealed and thermally insulating envelope delimiting an interior space containing the condensation channel, the envelope being arranged above the sealed and thermally insulating tank and comprising a lower opening communicating with the interior space of the sealed and thermally insulating tank and constituting the outlet of the condensation channel.
  • Such a sealed and thermally insulating envelope can be produced in different ways, for example in one piece with a top wall of the tank or else in the form of an assembly attached to the top wall of the tank.
  • a top wall of the sealed and thermally insulating tank has an opening connected to the lower opening of the envelope, the envelope further comprising a fixing flange arranged around the lower opening of the envelope, the fixing flange being attached to the top wall of the sealed and thermally insulating tank around the opening of the top wall.
  • the heat exchanger further comprises a collecting pipe extending from the lower opening of the envelope to near a top wall of the envelope and having a lower end opening into the interior space of the tank and an upper end opening into the interior space of the casing, the collecting pipe delimiting within the interior space of the casing an interior space of the collecting pipe forming the vapor collector circuit and an outer space of the collecting pipe forming the condensation path of the heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger and the vapor collecting circuit can be produced in a relatively space-saving integrated form and having a relatively reduced exchange surface with the external environment, which limits the heat flows liable to increase natural evaporation.
  • the installation comprises a plurality of sealed and thermally insulating tanks comprising an interior space intended to be filled with combustible gas in a liquid-vapor two-phase equilibrium state, said vapor collector circuit being a collector circuit common connecting the inlet of the condensation channel to each of said tanks to collect the gases from evaporation in each of the tanks. It is thus possible to operate the heat exchanger jointly for a set of tanks.
  • the inlet distributor is disposed higher than the upper end of the collecting pipe.
  • the parallel tubes can extend over almost the same length as the collecting pipe.
  • the tubes parallel to the manifold have heat exchange fins arranged on the outer surface of the tubes parallel to the manifold.
  • the first flow of combustible gas cooled by the heat exchange can flow by natural convection, ie by gravity, towards the interior space of the tank, which favors the production of a suction in the vapor collector circuit, thus maintaining the first flow without additional mechanical work.
  • this method is implemented so as to vaporize all or almost all of the second flow of combustible gas in the vaporization path.
  • the content of the most volatile compounds is substantially equal to that of the liquid phase of the gas stored in the tank.
  • the concentration of the most volatile compounds in the vaporized gas flow is therefore limited and substantially constant over time.
  • the vaporization of the liquefied gas can be carried out without the aid of an external heat source, as opposed to forced vaporization installations using a heat exchange with sea water, a intermediate liquid or combustion gases from the engine or specific burners.
  • the gas present in the upper portion of the interior space of the tank thus acts as a hot source for the flow to be vaporized. Also, the installation allows both to produce a flow of vapor and to cool and condense the vapor phase resulting from natural evaporation present in the gaseous sky of the tank, so as to limit natural evaporation.
  • the invention provides a ship comprising an aforementioned installation.
  • the invention also provides a method of loading or unloading such a ship, in which combustible gas is conveyed through insulated pipes from or to a floating or terrestrial storage installation towards or from the tank. waterproof and thermally insulating of the ship.
  • the invention also provides a transfer system for a combustible gas, the system comprising the abovementioned ship, isolated pipes arranged so as to connect the tank installed in the hull of the ship to a floating storage installation or terrestrial and a pump for driving a flow of combustible gas through the insulated pipes from or to the floating or terrestrial storage installation towards or from the watertight and thermally insulating vessel of the ship.
  • combustion gas is generic in nature and is intended equally to refer to a gas consisting of a single pure body or to a gas mixture consisting of a plurality of components.
  • an installation 1 aiming, on the one hand, at supplying combustible gas to one or more gas consuming members and, on the other hand, at liquefying combustible gas is illustrated.
  • Such an installation 1 can be installed on land or on a floating structure.
  • the installation 1 can be intended for a liquefaction or regasification barge, for a liquefied natural gas transport vessel, such as an LNG carrier, or more generally for any equipped vessel. of a gas consuming organ.
  • Installation 1 illustrated on the figure 1 comprises a steam outlet line 3 which can supply directly or indirectly different types of fuel gas consuming devices not shown, namely in particular a burner, an electric generator and / or an engine for the propulsion of a ship.
  • Such a burner is integrated into an energy production installation.
  • the energy production installation may in particular include a steam production boiler.
  • the steam can be used to power steam turbines for energy production and / or to power a ship's heating network.
  • Such an electric generator comprises for example a thermal engine with mixed diesel / natural gas supply, for example of DFDE technology for “Dual Fuel Diesel Electric” in English.
  • a thermal engine with mixed diesel / natural gas supply for example of DFDE technology for “Dual Fuel Diesel Electric” in English.
  • Such an engine can burn a mixture of diesel and natural gas or use either of these two fuels.
  • the natural gas supplying such a heat engine must have a pressure of the order of a few bars to a few tens of bars, for example of around 6 to 8 bars absolute.
  • one or more compressors 4 can be provided on the steam outlet line 3.
  • Such an engine for propelling the ship is, for example, a low-speed two-stroke dual-fuel engine of “ME-GI” technology, developed by the company MAN.
  • Such an engine uses natural gas as fuel and a small amount of pilot fuel which is injected before the injection of natural gas so that it ignites.
  • natural gas must first be compressed under a high pressure of between 150 and 400 bar absolute, and more particularly between 250 and 300 bar absolute.
  • one or more compressors 4 can be provided on the steam outlet line 3.
  • the installation 1 comprises a sealed and thermally insulating tank 2.
  • the tank 2 is a membrane tank.
  • membrane tanks are described in patent applications WO14057221 , FR2691520 and FR2877638 .
  • Such membrane tanks are intended to store combustible gas at pressures substantially equal to atmospheric pressure or slightly higher.
  • the tank 2 can also be a self-supporting tank and can in particular have a parallelepiped, prismatic, spherical, cylindrical or multi-lobic shape. Certain types of tank 2 allow gas to be stored at pressures substantially higher than atmospheric pressure.
  • the tank 2 has an internal space 7 intended to be filled with combustible gas.
  • the combustible gas can in particular be a liquefied natural gas (LNG), that is to say a gaseous mixture mainly comprising methane as well as one or more other hydrocarbons, such as ethane, propane, n-butane , i-butane, n-pentane i-pentane, neopentane, and nitrogen in small proportion.
  • LNG liquefied natural gas
  • the combustible gas can also be ethane or a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), that is to say a mixture of hydrocarbons resulting from the refining of petroleum comprising essentially propane and butane.
  • the combustible gas is stored in the internal space 7 of the tank 2 in a liquid-vapor two-phase equilibrium state.
  • the gas is therefore present in the vapor phase, in the upper part 8 of the tank 2 and in the liquid phase in the lower part 9 of the tank 2.
  • This stratification is obtained naturally due to the specific density of each phase.
  • the location of the liquid-vapor interface naturally depends on the filling level of the tank 2.
  • the equilibrium temperature of the liquefied natural gas corresponding to its two-phase liquid-vapor equilibrium state is approximately -162 ° C when it is stored at atmospheric pressure.
  • a heat exchanger 10 which jointly makes it possible to re-liquefy gas in the vapor phase originating from natural evaporation in the upper part 8 of the tank 2 while forcibly vaporizing gas in the liquid phase taken from the lower part 9 of the tank 2.
  • the vapor collector circuit 13 and the condensate return circuit 14 pass through the top wall 5 of the tank 2, but other arrangements are possible, in particular for the condensate return circuit 14, for example by crossing the wall lateral 6 in the upper portion 8 of the tank 2.
  • the steam collector circuit 13 may include several branches connected to several tanks to serve as a common collector connecting a set of tanks to the condensation path of the heat exchanger 10. Valves, not shown, can be provided on each branch to keep the possibility of isolating the tanks from each other in this case.
  • the condensate return circuit 14 could be connected to several tanks.
  • the heat exchanger 10 also has a vaporization circuit 15 which is arranged in the interior space 12, shown here in the form of a helical coil but the shape of which can vary to a large extent.
  • the vaporization circuit 15 is supplied with combustible gas in liquid phase from the lower part 9 of the tank 2 by a circulation pump 16 and an inlet pipe 17 joining the inlet of the vaporization circuit 15 by passing through seals the outer envelope 11.
  • the gas in the liquid phase circulating in the vaporization circuit 15 is vaporized and the vapor phase thus formed flows towards the outlet line 3, which is connected to the outlet of the vaporization circuit 15 by sealingly passing through the external envelope 11.
  • the outlet of the vaporization circuit 15 is preferably located lower than the inlet of the vaporization circuit 15.
  • a vacuum pump 51 can be used, for example in place of the compressor 4.
  • the vacuum pump 51 must be a cryogenic pump, that is to say a pump capable of withstanding cryogenic temperatures below -150 ° vs. It must also comply with ATEX regulations, that is to say designed to eliminate any risk of explosion.
  • a pressure drop member for example an expansion valve 45, is placed at the inlet of the vaporization circuit 15, preferably inside the external envelope 11.
  • the figure 1 shows in broken lines another possible arrangement of the vapor collecting circuit, in the form of a collecting pipe 113 concentrically disposed in the condensate return circuit 14 from the upper part 8 of the tank 2 to the top of the interior space 12.
  • the admission of gas in the vapor phase takes place from the interior of the collecting pipe 113, while the condensate return flows in the annular space around the collecting pipe 113 in the condensate return circuit 14.
  • the operation is identical.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a heat exchanger whose vaporization path is contained and bathed in the fluid of the condensation path
  • a reverse configuration is also possible, namely a condensation path contained and bathed in the fluid of the vaporization path.
  • Other configurations are also possible, for example with a heat exchanger in which the two channels have substantially the same volume.
  • the outer casing 111 has the general shape of a cylindrical bottle with a vertical axis, turned upside down with the neck. More specifically, the main body delimiting the interior space 112 has a larger diameter than the condensate return tube 114.
  • the watertight and thermally insulating walls are here formed of two parallel layers of mutually spaced metal sheets, with a vacuum space between the two. Other forms of thermal insulation could be used.
  • the condensate return tube 114 has bellows for absorbing thermal contraction when the temperature of the outer casing 111 changes, especially when it is put into service. It is terminated at its lower end by a fixing flange 21 for fixing to the top wall of the tank 2.
  • the collecting pipe 213 is arranged concentrically in the condensate return tube 114 from the end of the condensate return tube 114 and enters the interior space 112 over a large part of its height.
  • the upper end of the collecting pipe 213 is open and opens into the upper part of the interior space 112.
  • fixing members can be provided to link the collecting pipe 213 to the external envelope 111.
  • fixing lugs 22 are here provided at the upper end of the collecting pipe 213 and attached to the vaporization circuit 115, itself fixed to the external envelope 111.
  • the finned tubes 25 each have an upper end 27 opening into the annular chamber 26 of the inlet distributor 23 through the bottom wall thereof and a lower end 28 opening into the annular chamber 29 of the outlet housing 24 to through the cover wall of it. They constitute the heat exchange walls of the heat exchanger 110, which make it possible to jointly carry out the vaporization of the liquid phase flowing downwards in the finned tubes 25 and the condensation of the gaseous phase flowing down in the interior space 112.
  • the finned tubes 25 are distributed throughout the interior space 112 all around the collecting pipe 213, as partially shown in the figure 3 , in order to maximize the exchange surface between the two flows and to homogenize the heat transfers.
  • the figure 4 shows two embodiments of the finned tubes 25.
  • the tube body 30 is surrounded by fins 31 in the form of discs extending transversely to the tube body 30 and distributed in a mutually spaced manner over the entire length of tube body 30.
  • the tube body 30 is surrounded by fins 32 in the form of rectangular or polygonal blades extending parallel to the tube body 30 over the entire length of the tube body 30 and distributed in a mutually spaced manner all around of the tube body 30.
  • the fins are eliminated, which makes it possible to reduce the lateral size of each tube and therefore to increase the number of tubes, to also obtain a high exchange surface.
  • the annular chamber 26 of the inlet distributor 23 has here a square cross section and extends in line with the fin tubes 25, therefore at the periphery of the collecting pipe 213. Furthermore, a conical wall is arranged in the center of the distributor inlet 23, with its top facing the upper end of the collecting pipe 213 to close the center of the inlet distributor 23, and thus force the vapor phase to flow laterally towards the top of the fin tubes 25 in leaving the collecting pipe 213.
  • An inlet tube 117 extends laterally from the annular chamber 26 to the outside of the outer casing 111. Sealed welds or seals, not shown, are provided around the inlet tube 117 at the level of the crossing of the outer casing 111 to maintain the sealing thereof.
  • the inlet tube 117 is connected to the circulation pump 16 by any suitable pipe, preferably provided with thermal insulation.
  • the outlet casing 24 has a hollow toroidal shape around and away from the collecting pipe 213. Its bottom wall 33 is concave in order to form a phase separation tank which makes it possible to collect by gravity the non-vaporized part of the flow of gas in liquid phase injected from the inlet tube 117.
  • a purge pipe 34 opening at the bottom of the bottom wall 33 makes it possible to evacuate this liquid fraction, for example to reinject it into the tank 2.
  • an outlet tube 103 extends laterally from the annular chamber 29 to the outside of the envelope 111. The outlet tube 103 opens into the annular chamber 29 above the concave bottom wall 33, in order to avoid collecting the liquid phase.
  • the filling level of the bottom wall 33 must be kept relatively low to avoid an overflow of the liquid phase towards the outlet tube 103. Sealed welds or seals not shown are provided around the tube. exit 103 at the crossing of the outer casing 111 to maintain the seal thereof.
  • the outlet tube 103 is connected to the fuel gas consuming members, directly or via other gas processing equipment, for example, compressor, heater, etc.
  • the latter relatively hot compared to the liquid phase located in the lower part 9 of the tank 2, enters through the collecting pipe 213 and arrives at the top of the heat exchanger 110.
  • the architecture shown here with an inlet at the top and an outlet at the bottom uses a film falling technique.
  • the operation to be obtained is that this film has lost all of the components which can vaporize during the time between its entering chamber 26 and arriving in chamber 29, subject to the low volatility bodies which it is likely to contain and which will then arrive in liquid phase on the bottom wall 33.
  • a valve 49 is preferably arranged on the purge pipe 34, to close the purge pipe 34 during normal operation of the installation and open the purge pipe 34 intermittently to evacuate the liquid fraction rich in heavy bodies.
  • the evacuation of the liquid fraction can be brought about either by injection of gas under pressure into the inlet tube 117, or by gravity under the sole effect of the hydrostatic pressure of the accumulated heavy bodies. This purge operation can thus be done even when the installation is in operation.
  • a valve 149 is used on the purge pipe 34 instead of the valve 49, in order to be able to close the purge pipe 34 if necessary and open the purge pipe 34 intermittently or continuously to evacuate the liquid fraction rich in heavy bodies .
  • the evacuation of the liquid fraction can be caused by gravity when the valve is in the open position, under the sole effect of the hydrostatic pressure of the accumulated heavy bodies. This purge operation can also be done when the installation is in operation.
  • a pump external to the tank can be used to evacuate this remaining liquid fraction, intermittently or continuously.
  • a pump external to the tank can be used to evacuate this remaining liquid fraction, intermittently or continuously.
  • One of the advantages of this architecture is that the risk of saturation of the vaporization circuit 115 by the liquid phase is relatively limited: if the heat supplied by the vapor is insufficient to vaporize the liquid, the remaining liquid phase can be evacuated as it arrives without interrupting the spraying process. This would not be the case with a boiling vessel fed from below and in which a liquid heel is brought to the boil.
  • valves 52 and 149 When the vaporization circuit 115 is placed under vacuum, a second valve 52 is added to the purge pipe 34 upstream of the valve 149 in order to create a buffer volume 53 which can take the form of a pipe or a reservoir.
  • the operation of valves 52 and 149 is alternative: we start by opening the second valve 52 to let the buffer space 53 fill with heavy bodies. Then close the second valve 52 before opening the valve 149 to empty the buffer volume by gravity before closing the valve 149.
  • the opening of the valves 52 and 149 can be caused either by gas injection or by electric control as for solenoid valves.
  • the opening frequency of valves 52 and 149 is directly linked to the composition of the LNG, so the more the LNG contains a large fraction of heavy compounds the greater the opening frequency of the valves 52 and 149.
  • the architecture of the heat exchanger 110 makes it possible to carry out a heat exchange with parallel currents or co-currents. In theory, this form of heat exchange has less efficiency than counter-current heat exchange.
  • this form of heat exchange has less efficiency than counter-current heat exchange.
  • the two fluids enter the exchanger with a given temperature difference between the two fluids. If the heat exchange is done against the current, the outlet temperature of one of the fluids tends towards the inlet temperature of the other and vice versa.
  • the two fluids tend towards a mixing temperature.
  • the proportion of sensible heat to bring this vapor to -160 ° C is approximately 130 kJ / kg while the latent heat necessary to condense it is 510kJ / kg.
  • the majority of the heat transfer isothermal. It is the same for the liquid phase in the vaporization circuit 115.
  • FIG. 6 there is a cutaway view of an LNG tanker 70 equipped with a fuel gas supply installation for gas consuming bodies and liquefaction of said fuel gas as described above.
  • the figure 6 shows a sealed and insulated tank 71 of generally prismatic shape mounted in the double hull 72 of the ship.
  • the wall of the tank 71 comprises a primary waterproof barrier intended to be in contact with the LNG contained in the tank, a secondary waterproof barrier arranged between the primary waterproof barrier and the double hull 72 of the ship, and two insulating barriers arranged respectively between the primary waterproof barrier and the secondary waterproof barrier and between the secondary waterproof barrier and the double shell 72.
  • loading / unloading lines 73 arranged on the upper deck of the ship can be connected, using appropriate connectors, to a maritime or port terminal to transfer a cargo of LNG from or to the tank 71.
  • the figure 6 represents an example of a maritime terminal comprising a loading and unloading station 75, an underwater pipe 76 and a shore installation 77.
  • the loading and unloading station 75 is a fixed offshore installation comprising a movable arm 74 and a tower 78 which supports the movable arm 74.
  • the movable arm 74 carries a bundle of insulated flexible pipes 79 which can be connected to the loading / unloading pipes 73.
  • the movable arm 74 can be adjusted to suit all sizes of LNG carriers.
  • a connection pipe, not shown, extends inside the tower 78.
  • the loading and unloading station 75 allows the loading and unloading of the LNG carrier 70 from or to the onshore installation 77.
  • This comprises liquefied gas storage tanks 80 and connecting pipes 81 connected by the subsea pipe 76 to the loading or unloading station 75.
  • the subsea pipe 76 allows the transfer of the liquefied gas between the loading or unloading station 75 and the shore installation 77 over a long distance, for example 5 km, which makes it possible to keep the LNG carrier 70 at a great distance from the coast during the loading and unloading operations.
  • pumps on board the ship 70 and / or pumps fitted to the shore installation 77 and / or pumps fitted to the loading and unloading station 75 are used.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Filling Or Discharging Of Gas Storage Vessels (AREA)
  • Feeding And Controlling Fuel (AREA)
EP17716958.8A 2016-03-22 2017-03-21 Installation d'alimentation en gaz combustible d'un organe consommateur de gaz et de liquefaction dudit gaz combustible Active EP3433530B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL17716958T PL3433530T3 (pl) 2016-03-22 2017-03-21 Instalacja zasilająca gazem palnym człon zużywający gaz i skraplająca wspomniany gaz palny

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1652456A FR3049331B1 (fr) 2016-03-22 2016-03-22 Installation d'alimentation en gaz combustible d'un organe consommateur de gaz et de liquefaction dudit gaz combustible
PCT/FR2017/050657 WO2017162977A1 (fr) 2016-03-22 2017-03-21 Installation d'alimentation en gaz combustible d'un organe consommateur de gaz et de liquefaction dudit gaz combustible

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EP3433530A1 EP3433530A1 (fr) 2019-01-30
EP3433530B1 true EP3433530B1 (fr) 2020-04-22

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EP (1) EP3433530B1 (zh)
JP (1) JP6942143B2 (zh)
KR (1) KR102302436B1 (zh)
CN (1) CN109154421B (zh)
ES (1) ES2802601T3 (zh)
FR (1) FR3049331B1 (zh)
PL (1) PL3433530T3 (zh)
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WO (1) WO2017162977A1 (zh)

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GB201719399D0 (en) 2017-11-22 2018-01-03 Bennamann Services Ltd Liquid methane storage and fuel delivery system
KR102450533B1 (ko) * 2018-01-25 2022-10-05 한국조선해양 주식회사 휘발성 유기화합물 처리 시스템 및 선박
FR3093785B1 (fr) * 2019-03-15 2021-06-04 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Système de contrôle de pression dans une cuve de gaz naturel liquéfié.
FR3108167B1 (fr) * 2020-03-11 2022-02-11 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Système de traitement d’un gaz naturel issu d’une cuve d’un ouvrage flottant configuré pour alimenter en gaz naturel en tant que carburant un appareil consommateur de gaz naturel
EP4222366A1 (fr) * 2020-10-02 2023-08-09 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Système d'alimentation en gaz pour appareils consommateurs de gaz à haute et basse pression
FR3114797B1 (fr) * 2020-10-02 2023-03-03 Gaztransport Et Technigaz Système d’alimentation en gaz pour appareils consommateurs de gaz à haute et basse pression
FR3119420B1 (fr) * 2021-01-29 2023-01-13 Safran Ensemble pour turbomachine
WO2023107062A2 (en) * 2021-12-06 2023-06-15 Aygaz Dogal Gaz Toptan Satis A.S. A double-tank mobile lng filling station and a filling method thereof
FR3130928A1 (fr) * 2021-12-22 2023-06-23 Faurecia Systemes D'echappement Dispositif de stockage et d’alimentation en hydrogène et ensemble correspondant

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Publication number Publication date
WO2017162977A1 (fr) 2017-09-28
ES2802601T3 (es) 2021-01-20
EP3433530A1 (fr) 2019-01-30
JP6942143B2 (ja) 2021-09-29
CN109154421A (zh) 2019-01-04
FR3049331A1 (fr) 2017-09-29
CN109154421B (zh) 2020-12-04
JP2019512651A (ja) 2019-05-16
SG11201808311PA (en) 2018-10-30
PL3433530T3 (pl) 2020-10-19
KR102302436B1 (ko) 2021-09-16
FR3049331B1 (fr) 2018-09-14
KR20180133859A (ko) 2018-12-17

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