Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
  • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
  • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
  • F01N3/18—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control
  • F01N3/20—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by methods of operation; Control specially adapted for catalytic conversion ; Methods of operation or control of catalytic converters
  • F01N3/2066—Selective catalytic reduction [SCR]
  • F01N3/208—Control of selective catalytic reduction [SCR], e.g. dosing of reducing agent
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N9/00—Electrical control of exhaust gas treating apparatus
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
  • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
  • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
  • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
  • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
  • F02D41/146—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration
  • F02D41/1463—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an NOx content or concentration of the exhaust gases downstream of exhaust gas treatment apparatus
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
  • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
  • F01N2560/021—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting ammonia NH3
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
  • F01N2560/02—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor
  • F01N2560/026—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics the means being an exhaust gas sensor for measuring or detecting NOx
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N2560/00—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics
  • F01N2560/14—Exhaust systems with means for detecting or measuring exhaust gas components or characteristics having more than one sensor of one kind
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N2610/00—Adding substances to exhaust gases
  • F01N2610/02—Adding substances to exhaust gases the substance being ammonia or urea
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
  • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F01N2900/00—Details of electrical control or of the monitoring of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
  • F01N2900/06—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing
  • F01N2900/14—Parameters used for exhaust control or diagnosing said parameters being related to the exhaust gas
  • F01N2900/1402—Exhaust gas composition
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
  • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
  • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
  • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
  • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
  • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
  • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
  • F02D2041/1468—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an ammonia content or concentration of the exhaust gases
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
  • Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
  • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
  • Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
  • Y02T10/40—Engine management systems

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a method for determining a corrected nitrogen oxide value and ammonia value in an internal combustion engine, more particularly to a method of determining a corrected nitrogen oxide value and ammonia value in an internal combustion engine having an SCR catalyst in which a nitrogen oxide sensor and an ammonia sensor are disposed downstream of the SCR catalyst ,
• SCR selective catalytic reduction
• a urea upstream of the SCR catalyst is injected into the exhaust gas, which then at least partially decomposes into ammonia, which can rea ⁇ greieren with the exhaust gas to water and nitrogen within the SCR catalyst ⁇ .
• nitrogen oxide sensors and ammonia sensors are used to determine the respective proportions in the outlet tract of the
• SCR catalyst arranged urea sensor by the combination of both signals to adapt.
• a method for determining a corrected nitrogen oxide value in an internal combustion engine which comprises an SCR catalytic converter, downstream of the
• the method according to the invention comprises determining that the internal combustion engine is in a fuel cut-off phase, interrupting the fuel injection injection of urea by means of the urea injection device during the fuel cut-off phase, determining a nitrogen oxide reference value from a nitrogen oxide signal generated by the nitrogen oxide sensor during the fuel cut-off phase and determining a corrected nitrogen oxide value from one of
• fuel injection into the cylinders of the internal combustion engine is interrupted, thereby substantially passing air through the engine.
• urea injection for example AdBlue dosing
• urea injection is also interrupted, as a result of which nitrogen oxide emissions and urea emissions fall.
• the respective signals from both the nitrogen oxide sensor upstream of the SCR catalyst and the signals from the nitrogen oxide sensor downstream of the SCR catalyst are also reduced.
• the signal of the sensor reduces ammonia downstream of the SCR catalyst.
• the downstream of the SCR catalyst disposed nitrogen oxide sensor is cross-sensitive to ammonia, that is, the signal (hereinafter referred to as "nitrogen oxide signal”) of the embroidery ⁇ oxidsensors the sum of NOx and Ammoni ⁇ ak Indicates concentrations.
• According to the invention is another method for determining a corrected value ammonia in an internal combustion engine of ⁇ fenbart that an SCR catalyst, an upstream of the SCR catalyst disposed urea injection device, and a arranged downstream of the SCR catalyst Ammoni ⁇ aksensor.
• the inventive method according to this aspect of the present invention comprises determining that the internal combustion engine is in a fuel cut-off phase, interrupting the injection of urea by means of the urea injection device during Schubabschal ⁇ tion phase, determining an ammonia reference value from one of the ammonia sensor during the fuel cut-off phase generated ammonia signal and determining a corrected ammonia value from a generated by the ammonia sensor during normal operation of the ⁇ combustion ⁇ ammonia signal, taking into account the ammonia reference value.
• the two methods according to the invention are combined, that is to say that the method for determining a corrected nitrogen oxide value and the method for determining a corrected ammonia value run simultaneously.
• the respective processes are preferably executed only when the nitrogen oxide reference value is smaller than a certain nitrogen oxide before ⁇ threshold or if the ammonia reference value is smaller than a predetermined Ammoniakschwel ⁇ lenwert.
• an absolute change gradient describes the change in time within a predetermined time interval briefly in succession detected signals.
• the method further comprises determining an ammonia difference between an ammonia value determined during the normal operation of the internal combustion engine from the ammonia signal generated by the ammonia sensor and a further ammonia value determined during normal operation of the internal combustion engine from the nitrogen oxide signal generated by the nitrogen oxide sensor.
• the ammonia difference may be an indication of drift of the ammonia sensor.
• the following steps during a subsequent fuel cut phase are executed when that is, during normal operation of the internal ⁇ combustion engine ammonia difference is higher than a predetermined ammonia difference threshold value: activating the urea injector for injecting a predetermined amount of urea during a predetermined period, determining at least a first ammonia value of from Ammonia sensor generated ammonia signals, determining at least a second ammonia value from signals generated by the nitrogen oxide sensor, determining that the change gradient of the first ammonia signals is less than a first change ⁇ threshold, determining that the change gradient of the second ammonia values is less than a second change threshold and Adaptation of a slope of the characteristic curve of the ammonia sensor by means of the second ammonia values, if the gradients of change of the first and second ammonia w each are smaller than the associated change threshold.
• the nitrogen oxide sensor is cross-sensitive to ammonia, that is, the signal of the nitrogen oxide sensor indicative of the sum of nitrogen oxide and Ammoni ⁇ ak concentrations.
• the signal of the downstream of the nitrogen oxide sensor is cross-sensitive to ammonia, that is, the signal of the nitrogen oxide sensor indicative of the sum of nitrogen oxide and Ammoni ⁇ ak concentrations.
• such a design from ⁇ from a functioning SCR catalyst and at high Ammonia slip is preferred, in which the signal of the downstream of the
• SCR catalyst arranged nitrogen oxide sensor substantially indicates an ammonia value, since the nitrogen oxides are converted in the SCR catalyst and the concentration downstream of the
• the nitrogen oxide reference value is determined as follows:
• Nitrogen oxide reference value for the correction nitrogen oxide reference value of a previous correction
• Weighting factor between 0 and 1 depending on the operating time of the internal combustion engine between two corrections
• Ammonia reference value for the correction NH 3 ammonia reference value of a previous correction
• Weighting factor between 0 and 1 depending on the
• the weighting factors Ki (T t i t 2) and K 2 (T t i t 2) are dependent on the engine operating state and the engine operating time between two adaptations and are preferably in a range between 0 and 1.
• the internal combustion engine comprises a further nitrogen oxide sensor, which is arranged upstream of the SCR catalytic converter.
• the method further comprises determining another
• NO Xnetto corrected and adjusted ammonia nitrogen oxide value NO x nitrogen oxide determined from a value produced by the nitrogen oxide sensor nitric oxide signal, and NH 3 determined from a signal generated from the ammonia sensor signal ammonia ammonia value.
• an exhaust duct for an internal combustion engine is disclosed, to produce the one SCR catalyst, a downstream of the SCR catalyst at ⁇ parent nitrogen oxide sensor which is adapted to a nitrogen oxide value indicative of nitric oxide signal, upstream of the SCR Catalyst disposed urea injection device, which is designed to inject a predetermined amount of urea, one downstream of the
• the SCR catalyst arranged ammonia sensor, which is formed to the ammonia value downstream of the
• SCR catalyst indicating ammonia signal
• control unit which is adapted to receive the nitrogen oxide signal and the ammonia signal and to carry out a method according to the present disclosure.
• the outlet tract further comprises a further nitrogen oxide sensor, which is arranged upstream of the SCR catalytic converter, and which is designed to accommodate the nitrogen oxide sensor
• FIG. 2 shows a flow chart according to an example method for determining a corrected nitrogen oxide value or a corrected ammonia value
• Fig. 3 is a Flussidagramm for adjusting the slope of a
• the exhaust tract 10 has an SCR catalytic converter 20, which is designed to carry out a chemical reaction so that the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas can be reduced.
• SCR catalytic converter 20 Upstream of the SCR catalyst 20 is a particulate filter, such as a diesel particulate filter. Downstream of the SCR catalyst 20
• SCR catalyst 20 a nitrogen oxide sensor 22 and a Am ⁇ moniaksensor 24 are arranged, which are adapted to generate ent ⁇ speaking signals.
• the stick ⁇ oxide sensor 22 is adapted to generate a nitrogen oxide value to a ⁇ pointing nitric oxide signal.
• the ammonia sensor 24 is configured to generate an ammonia signal indicative of ammonia value.
• the nitrogen oxide sensor 22 and the ammonia sensor 24 are integrated in a sensor.
• a urea injection device 26 Upstream of the SCR catalyst 20 is disposed a urea injection device 26 adapted to inject a predetermined amount of urea at predetermined times.
• the urea solution is designed to be from Exhaust gas to be decomposed so that at least partially ammonia is formed, which can react chemically in the SCR catalyst 20 and thus reduce the nitrogen oxides in the exhaust gas.
• a further nitrogen oxide sensor 32 is additionally provided upstream of the particle filter 20, which is designed to generate a further nitrogen oxide signal indicating a nitrogen oxide value.
• a control unit 40 which may be part of the control of the internal combustion engine, for example, is with the
• Nitrous oxide sensor 22 the ammonia sensor 24, the urea injection device 26 and the other nitrogen oxide sensor 32 connected and adapted to receive signals from these devices or to send them to control the same.
• the controller 40 is configured to execute a method according to FIG. 2.
• the method according to FIG. 2 begins at step 200 and determines at step 210 whether the internal combustion engine is in a fuel cut-off phase . If it is determined at step 200 that the focal ⁇ combustion engine is in a normal operation with thrust, the procedure moves to step 270 where it is terminated.
• step 210 determines that the focal ⁇ combustion engine is in a fuel cut-off phase, downhill at ⁇ play, at a drive
• the method moves to step 220, at the next interruption of the Kraftstoffe- the urea feed inspritzung additionally by means of the urea injection device 26 during the fuel cut-off phase is interrupted.
• a reference value nitric oxide from a nitric oxide produced by the sensor 22 during the overrun cut-off phase reference signal nitric oxide and / or a Ammoniakrefe be at step 230 ⁇ Limit value of one from the ammonia sensor 24 during the
• step 240 it is checked whether the nitrogen oxide value and the ammonia value downstream of the SCR catalyst 20 are smaller than a nitrogen oxide threshold value and smaller than a predetermined ammonia threshold, respectively. If only one of the two values is above the respective threshold value, the process goes to step 270, where it is terminated.
• the linear sensor characteristics at step 240 instead of comparing the values with a predetermined threshold, the signals produced by the respective sensors may be directly compared to a corresponding predetermined threshold signal. However, the two values are less than their associated predetermined threshold, then the method proceeds to step 250, at which it is queried whether an absolute change ⁇ gradient of the respective values is smaller than a threshold value are associated.
• step 270 If only one of the two absolute change gradients is above its corresponding predetermined change Threshold, the process proceeds to step 270, where the process is terminated.
• step 250 determines that both change ⁇ gradient is smaller than their respective change threshold value.
• step 260 both of the nitrogen oxide reference value according to the formula (1) and the Ammo ⁇ niakreferenzschwellenwert according to the following formula (2 ) be adjusted.
• Ki (T tl _ t2 ) Weighting factor between 0 and 1 depending on the
• Fuel cut-off phase of the internal combustion engine is determined from a nitrogen oxide signal generated by the nitrogen oxide sensor
• a query is made as to whether the internal combustion engine is in normal operation. It is meant with the normal operation that the
• step 310 If it is determined at step 310 that no normal operation of the internal combustion engine, such as a fuel cut ⁇ phase is present, the process moves to step 390 and ends there.
• step 310 it is determined at step 310 whether the ammonia slip of the SCR catalyst is above a predetermined threshold, for example, above 40 ppm. Since the nitric oxide sensor is cross-sensitive to ammonia, the nitric oxide sensor measures the sum of nitrogen oxides and ammonia. Accordingly, it can be assumed with a sufficiently high ammonia slip that the signal of the ammonia sensor 24 is substantially equal to the signal of the nitrogen oxide sensor 32, provided that the SCR catalyst is operating properly and can decorate the nitrogen oxide significantly redu ⁇ . If it is determined at step 310 that the engine is in normal operation and that the ammonia slip is greater than a predetermined threshold, at step 320, both the nitrogen oxide sensor 22 and the ammonia sensor 24 generate corresponding signals.
• a predetermined threshold for example, above 40 ppm. Since the nitric oxide sensor is cross-sensitive to ammonia, the nitric oxide sensor measures the sum of nitrogen oxides and ammonia. Accordingly, it can be assumed with a sufficiently high ammoni
• step 330 an ammonia difference between the ammonia value determined from the nitrogen oxide signal and the ammonia value determined from the ammonia signal is formed.
• step 330 it is further queried whether this ammonia difference exceeds a predetermined ammonia difference threshold. If it is determined at step 330 that the ammonia difference threshold value is not exceeded, ge ⁇ reached the process to step 390 and is ended. However, if at step 330 determines that the ammonia difference exceeds the ammonia difference threshold value, the process proceeds to step reaches 340.
• determining whether the signal generated by the ammonia sensor 24 sig ⁇ cantly is oxidsignal of the generated from the nitrogen oxide sensor 22 of nitrogen, at step 330, which during indicates the prevailing operating state of the internal combustion engine substantially ammonia, deviates. This deviation can be checked, for example, with the ammonia difference.
• step 340 it is determined whether the engine has changed from the normal operation to the fuel cut operation. If it is determined at step 340 that the internal combustion engine continues ⁇ in normal operation, the process moves to step 390 and is ended.
• step 340 determines that the internal combustion engine from normal operation is open ⁇ changes to a fuel cut operation
• the process moves to step 350 at which the urea injection device 26 is controlled such that it despite the overrun cut-off phase for a predetermined period (for example a few seconds ) injects a predetermined amount of urea, so that at a position downstream of the SCR catalyst 20, an ammonia concentration from above a threshold, for example greater than about 40 ppm.
• a predetermined period for example a few seconds
• the nitrogen oxide sensor 22 and the ammonia sensor 24 produce corresponding signals during the Schubab ⁇ shifting phase at step 360th It should be noted that due to the fuel cut-off phase, the signals of the nitrogen oxide sensor 22 substantially indicate an ammonia value, since there are essentially no nitrogen oxides.
• step 370 it is determined that the first ammonia values determined from the signals of the nitrogen oxide sensor 22 and the second ammonia values determined from the ammonia signals of the ammonia sensor 24 are at least partially stable, ie that the gradients of the first and second ammonia values are each less than a predetermined first or second ammonia value second change threshold. If at step 370 be true ⁇ that the first and second ammonia levels are at least partly unstable, the process moves to step 390 and is ended.
• step 370 determines that the first and second ammonia levels are at least partially stable
• the process moves to step 380 at which the signals of the embroidery ⁇ oxidsensors 22, indicating the levels of ammonia, used for adapting the slope of the characteristic of the ammonia sensor 24 becomes.
• the fact is taken into account that the nitrogen oxide sensor 22 can measure more accurately than the ammonia sensor 24.
• the activated at step 350 the urine ⁇ fuel injection is then terminated, and the method for adapting the characteristic of the ammonia sensor 24 by means of the signals of the nitrogen oxide sensor 22 is completed.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
• Toxicology (AREA)
• Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
• Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

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• 2016
  • 2016-03-16 DE DE102016204323.4A patent/DE102016204323B4/de active Active
• 2017
  • 2017-02-02 EP EP17703718.1A patent/EP3430249A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2017-02-02 US US16/085,512 patent/US10738677B2/en active Active
  • 2017-02-02 WO PCT/EP2017/052307 patent/WO2017157569A1/de active Application Filing
  • 2017-02-02 CN CN201780017570.3A patent/CN108779696B/zh active Active

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