EP3427840B1 - Liquid dispenser - Google Patents

Description

AREA OF APPLICATION AND STATE OF THE ART

The invention relates to a discharge head for a liquid dispenser for discharging pharmaceutical or cosmetic liquids according to the preamble of claim 1 and a liquid dispenser according to claim 14 equipped therewith.

A discharge head of the generic type has a base and an actuating handle which can be pressed down on the other hand and by means of which a pump device can be actuated. Such a discharge head usually has a number of valves, in particular at least one of the following valves. A pressure-dependent opening outlet valve between the pump chamber and the discharge opening serves the purpose of opening the liquid in the pump chamber when the pump chamber is reduced in size during actuation by the liquid pressure, so that the liquid can be discharged through a discharge opening, but closes on the return stroke. A pressure-dependent opening inlet valve between the liquid inlet and the pump chamber opens in the course of the return stroke after actuation under the impression of the negative pressure in the pump chamber in order to suck liquid into the pump chamber for the next discharge process. It is closed while the liquid is being discharged. A pressure-dependent opening ventilation valve serves the purpose of opening a ventilation channel when a negative pressure has set in the liquid reservoir after a discharge. When the discharge head is at rest, the ventilation valve must be closed so that no contamination can penetrate.

All these valves should be closed in certain phases of operation and open in other phases. The opening is primarily controlled by the applied liquid pressure and / or gas pressure. If a certain excess pressure, which is caused by the design of the valve, is exceeded, this leads to a deflection of a valve body, in particular a valve flap, so that liquid or air can flow through until the excess pressure falls below the limit and the respective valve closes again .

The problem with known configurations is that the design of the valve often involves a conflict of objectives. For example, it is desired that the excess pressure limit for opening the outlet valve is as low as possible so that even a slight actuation of the actuating handle causes a continuous flow of liquid. At the same time, however, it is also desired that it be in one Resting the discharge head requires a high excess pressure to open so that in a situation of low ambient pressure, for example in the cargo hold of an aircraft or in a filling device operating in a negative pressure atmosphere, no unintentional opening of the outlet valve takes place. In a similar way, it is provided with the ventilation valve that this closes the liquid reservoir very securely in the absence of a negative pressure in the liquid reservoir, but opens it reliably during or after actuation so that no negative pressure remains in the liquid reservoir. In the case of the inlet valve, similar to the outlet valve, it is important that it closes securely when the discharge head is in the idle state so that a negative pressure situation in the vicinity cannot cause any opening. Nevertheless, if there is a negative pressure in the pump chamber, the inlet valve should open as soon as possible.

From the prior art, for example from EP 2210674 A2 , dispensers are known in which for the purpose of so-called "priming", i.e. the initial filling of the pump chamber with liquid, a forced opening of the inlet valve takes place at the end of the stroke in order to push the air contained therein in the delivery state back into the liquid reservoir. A pin provided in a stationary manner for the actuation handle serves as a type of driver which runs up against a dome-like valve towards the end of the actuation stroke and, with continued movement, deforms it and thereby opens it. From the EP 2763796 B1 , the WO 2006/031110 A1 and the WO 2010/106256 A1 Various dispensers are known in which the pumping chamber is formed by a hose-like, elastically deformable pumping chamber body which also has an inlet valve flap or an outlet valve flap in a one-piece manner. These dispensers are each designed in such a way that the valve flaps are otherwise decoupled from the deformation of the body. The application of force to the valve flaps for the purpose of opening thus takes place solely under the impression of the gas or liquid pressures applied on both sides of the valve flaps. The respective limit overpressure which is required to open the respective valves therefore does not depend on the degree of deformation of the respective pump chamber body.

US4201317 A discloses another prior art discharge head.

TASK AND SOLUTION

The object of the invention is to develop a generic discharge head in such a way that it advantageously reduces the above-mentioned conflict of objectives that arise with regard to the respective limit overpressures at the valve flaps.

For this purpose, a discharge head is proposed which, in accordance with generic discharge heads, has a base and an operating handle that can be depressed in one operating direction between an unactuated end position and an actuated end position. The discharge head also has a liquid inlet for connection to a liquid reservoir and a discharge opening for dispensing liquid in an environment and has a pumping device with a pump chamber arranged between the actuating handle and the base, by means of which liquid can be conveyed from the liquid reservoir to the discharge opening.

A generic discharge head has at least one of the three following valves. An outlet valve between the pump chamber and the discharge opening, which opens as a function of pressure, opens when the pump chamber is reduced in size by the liquid pressure of the liquid in the pump chamber. A pressure-dependent opening inlet valve between the liquid inlet and the pump chamber opens when the pump chamber is enlarged by the negative pressure in the pump chamber. A pressure-dependent ventilation valve opens when there is negative pressure in the liquid reservoir.

According to the invention, it is provided that at least one of these valves has a variable limit overpressure from which it opens, this variable limit overpressure depending on the position of the actuating handle relative to the base. This means that the force with which the respective valve is structurally kept closed at the same pressure on both sides of the valve is different in the respective end positions, namely lower in the actuated end position of the actuating handle compared to the non-actuated end position of the actuating handle.

In the case of the outlet valve, this concerns the overpressure limit required for opening the valve in the pump chamber compared to a surrounding atmosphere into which the discharge is to take place. In the case of the inlet valve, it is about the excess pressure limit in the surrounding atmosphere compared to the liquid reservoir. In the case of the inlet valve, it is about the excess pressure limit in the liquid reservoir compared to the pumping chamber.

To achieve the variable limit overpressure, the discharge head has an active member which rests against the actuating handle and the base and is preferably fastened there so that it deforms when the actuating handle is pressed down. This deformation of the active member made of an elastic material such as an elastomer acts on a valve flap of the outlet valve, the inlet valve and / or the ventilation valve, which is attached to the active member, this effect being in the application of a force or moment through which the force with the respective For structural reasons, the valve is kept closed at the same pressure on both sides of the valve, and the required overpressure limit also falls. So that the associated desired positive effects are shown sufficiently, the design of the active member and / or the respective valve flap and the attachment of the valve flap to the active member is such that the excess pressure limit is reduced by at least 10%.

The effect that can be achieved in this way is different for the various valve types.

In the case of the outlet valve, the overpressure limit for opening the valve, which drops when actuated, reduces the risk of an oscillating opening and closing of the outlet valve occurring during slow actuation, which makes metered discharge difficult. The overpressure limit in the unactuated end position can also be selected to be higher, so that the risk of the dispenser leaking in a surrounding atmosphere of low ambient pressure, for example an aircraft hold, is reduced.

In the case of the inlet valve, which opens as intended on the return stroke, liquid is sucked in more quickly at the beginning of the return stroke and the actuating handle returns more quickly to its unactuated end position and can accordingly be reused more quickly. In addition, it also applies to the inlet valve that the overpressure limit in the unactuated end position can be selected to be greater, so that the probability that a surrounding negative pressure will draw liquid out of the dispenser through the inlet and outlet valves decreases.

In the case of the ventilation valve, it is achieved that this opens reliably approximately at the same time as the opening of the inlet valve in order to immediately ensure pressure equalization in the liquid reservoir. In the unactuated end position, on the other hand, the ventilation valve is reliably closed, so that the penetration of contaminants into the liquid reservoir is prevented if the dispenser is idle for a long time.

With regard to all three valve types, the mode of action is basically identical. A compressible active member is placed or fastened with opposite ends on the base and on the actuating handle, so that it is compressively deformed when actuated. The respective valve flap is attached to the active member, preferably by a one-piece design, that this deformation of the active member also causes a force or moment coupling into the valve flap, this force or this moment being directed in the direction in which the valve flap is intended opening the respective Valve is relocated. Thus, the force with which the valve flap is pressed against its associated opposing surface and the excess pressure limit required to open the valve decreases.

To achieve measurable advantages, the above-mentioned lowering of the excess pressure limit by at least 10% is aimed for. However, it is advantageous if the excess pressure limit drops to an even greater extent, in particular by at least 30% or even by at least 40%.

The overpressure limit of the outlet valve in the unactuated end position can be, for example, over 800 mbar and in the actuated end position less than 700 mbar. In the case of the inlet valve, the excess pressure limit in the non-actuated end position can be, for example, over 100 mbar and in the actuated end position less than 90 mbar. In the case of the ventilation valve, the excess pressure limit in the non-actuated end position can be, for example, over 200 mbar and in the actuated end position less than 180 mbar.

Since the active member is attached to the base as well as to the actuating handle, its deformation begins almost immediately with the start of the displacement of the actuating handle. Since this deformation leads to a lowering of the excess pressure limit, this also preferably drops immediately when actuation begins. It is considered to be advantageous if at least a 5% reduction in the overpressure limit has already been achieved by moving the actuating handle into a central position between the non-actuated end position and the actuated end position, in particular preferably at least 15% or even at least 20%.

In the case of the outlet valve and the inlet valve, in particular, it is advantageous if there is a relevant reduction in the excess pressure over the major part of the path between the end positions, since this enables the outlet valve to open without interruption or, due to the easy opening of the inlet valve, the quick return of the operating handle in the unactuated end position. In the case of the ventilation valve, facilitated opening over a large part of the path between the end positions is advantageous because pressure equalization is necessary in the phase in which liquid is sucked from the liquid reservoir into the pump chamber. The ventilation valve should therefore be reliably open over the major part of the return stroke and only close reliably towards the end.

The overpressure limit at the valves of different valve types decreases when the respective valve flap is acted upon when moving from the unactuated end position to the actuated end position preferably by less than 100%. Even in the actuated end position, an overpressure is therefore preferably required in order to open the respective valve. In the case of the outlet valve, this is advantageous because otherwise the suction taking place during the return stroke under the impression of a negative pressure in the pump chamber would be disturbed and there would be the risk that air would flow into the pump chamber through the discharge opening during the return stroke. In the case of the inlet valve and the ventilation valve, it is also considered to be desirable that they are not opened solely due to the deformation of the active member in the actuated end position. In this case, however, opening the respective valve as a result of the end position is less damaging and can even be advantageous in individual cases for sucking liquid into the pump chamber or air into the liquid reservoir.

By definition, the active member is placed against the base and the actuating handle and, in particular, fastened, which is to be understood as meaning that it is inevitably deformed when the actuating handle approaches the base. The active member is preferably fixed to the base and the actuating handle by a clamp connection or the like.

If several valves are present, which have a valve flap attached to the active member in accordance with the invention, provision can be made for the valve flaps to be attached to a common active member as well as to be attached to different active members. The active element for acting on a valve flap can serve as a dedicated active element solely for acting on one or more valve flaps and, moreover, be designed separately from the pumping device.

However, a design is advantageous in which the pump device itself has an elastically compressible component which at the same time also forms the active member. The pumping device has a pumping chamber wall which surrounds the pumping chamber and which is formed by a deformable hose-like pumping chamber component which is fastened to the base with an open input side and is fastened to the actuating handle with an open output side. The active member is integrally connected to the pump chamber component, the active member in particular preferably being formed by the pump chamber wall or a part thereof.

The effect of the deformation of the active member on the valve flap can be implemented in various ways. A design is advantageous in which the active member has a shape that is bent or kinked several times in opposite directions, which when the actuating handle is operated in the manner of a Accordion shortened. In the event that the active member is formed by the pump chamber wall, this can be implemented in such a way that the pump chamber wall is designed at least in sections in the form of a bellows with a shape that is repeatedly bent or kinked in opposite directions.

Such a shape is advantageous for the intended influencing of the excess pressure limit of a valve, since this ensures a readily reproducible deformation of the active member. In addition, in the accordion or zigzag design, the sub-sections pivoting in opposite directions as intended are well suited for direct or indirect coupling of moments into the valve flaps. This design is therefore particularly suitable for pivotable valve flaps.

A partial section of the active member, in particular a first or last partial section of such an accordion-like active member, can already be oriented at an angle to the direction of actuation in the non-actuated end position of the actuating handle in a preferred configuration. The subsection is arranged on the active member in such a way that, when the actuating handle is actuated, it is pivoted into a more angled orientation relative to the actuating direction by a kind of pivoting movement. The valve flap can be arranged on this subsection or on an adjacent subsection that pivots with this subsection to a somewhat lesser extent, so that when the actuating handle is depressed, a moment acting in the open position is brought about.

The active member preferably has a fastening section, in particular a circumferential fastening section, at at least one end, which is fastened to the actuating handle or to the base, in particular by means of a clamp connection or a clamp connection. An easily deformable tilting web can be formed on this fastening section, in particular a circumferential, collar-like tilting web, which preferably extends approximately in the plane whose normal vector coincides with the actuation direction. At the end of the tilting web facing away from the fastening section, a deformable part of the active member extends in or against the actuation direction and the valve flap extends in the opposite direction, so that when the actuation handle is actuated, a moment acting on the active member through the actuation is coupled into the valve flap in the direction of its open position becomes.

In such a design, the tilting web acts as a decoupling means, which allows a coupled translative and / or rotative mobility of the valve flap with the end of the self-deformable Part of the active member is permitted and thus enables the coupling of a relief torque into the valve flap.

A related type of applying a torque and / or a force to a valve flap provides that the active member has a fastening section of the type mentioned for connection to the base and / or to the operating handle, in particular again a circumferential fastening section. This fastening section merges into a deformable push web, in particular a circumferential push web, at the end of which is opposite the fastening section and offset from the valve flap, a pushing force is coupled by the depression. In contrast, the valve flap is formed offset towards the fastening section, so that when the actuating handle is actuated, the shifted thrust force on an outside of the valve flap causes a tensile force that couples a tilting moment in the relief direction into the valve flap.

The invention further relates to a liquid dispenser for dispensing pharmaceutical or cosmetic liquids with a liquid reservoir and a dispensing head of the type described.

The liquid dispenser is particularly suitable for pharmaceutical or cosmetic liquids. As a result of the mode of operation described above, such a dispenser is well suited for transport, since there is usually no risk of leakage. By designing the outlet valve in the manner described above, a very metered and predictable discharge is possible even when the operating handle is operated slowly.

In the application case for cosmetic liquids, the liquid reservoir of the dispenser is preferably filled with lotions or gels, lotions with a solid content or soap or shampoo. An outlet valve of the type according to the invention has proven itself particularly in the case of lotions with a solid content, as is not uncommon in the field of facial cosmetics, since it also closes well when a solid granule is in the area of the sealing surface.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

• Fig. 1 zeigt einen erfindungsgemäßen Flüssigkeitsspender in Gesamtdarstellung.
• Fig. 2 zeigt den Austragkopf des Flüssigkeitsspenders der Fig. 1 in geschnittener Darstellung.
• Fig. 3A bis 3C zeigen den Austragkopf gemäß Figur 2 in einer unbetätigten Endlage, einer Mittellage sowie in einer betätigten Endlage.

Further advantages and aspects of the invention emerge from the claims and from the following description of a preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention, which is explained below with reference to the figures.

• Fig. 1 shows a liquid dispenser according to the invention in an overall representation.
• Fig. 2 shows the discharge head of the liquid dispenser Fig. 1 in cut representation.
• Figures 3A to 3C show the discharge head according to Figure 2 in a non-actuated end position, a central position and in an actuated end position.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

Fig. 1 shows a liquid dispenser 100 according to the invention, in the present case a liquid dispenser for dispensing cosmetic lotions. The liquid dispenser 100 has a liquid reservoir 110 in the form of a bottle, at the upper end of which an outlet nozzle is arranged. The liquid reservoir 110 is screwed into a discharge head 10, which in turn has a base 20 on which an actuating handle 40 designed as a pusher for the purpose of dispensing liquid through a discharge opening 44 is slidably mounted in an actuating direction 2.

The discharge head 10 has an in Fig. 1 Pump device 60, not shown, with which liquid can be conveyed from the liquid reservoir 110 to a discharge opening 44.

Fig. 2 shows the discharge head 10 in an enlarged and sectioned representation. The discharge head is constructed from only a few components for the purpose of inexpensive design, namely in the core only from a component forming the base 20, a component forming the actuating handle 40 and a pump chamber component 66, which at the same time delimits a pump chamber 64 on the outside and the valve flaps 72, 82 92 forms three valves 70, 80, 90, namely an inlet valve 80 between the liquid reservoir 110 and the pump chamber 64, an outlet valve 70 between the pump chamber 64 and an environment and a vent valve 90 between the environment and the liquid reservoir 110 The liquid dispenser 100 can have a discharge head made of only three parts, a riser pipe 102, a seal 104 in the form of a sealing ring between the discharge head 10 and the liquid reservoir 110 and a cap not shown in the figures. The entire dispenser can thus be made up of only 4 to 7 parts, which greatly simplifies production and assembly.

The base 20 of the in Fig. 2 The discharge head shown has a coupling device 24 in the manner of an internal thread, an end face 25 provided with ventilation openings 26 and an outer sleeve 27 in which the actuating handle 40 is guided so as to be movable to a limited extent. The end face 25 is pierced by a liquid inlet 22 with an inlet sleeve 23, which at the end has an opening 28 for the exit of liquid into the pump chamber 64 and serves to clamp the pump chamber component 66. The inlet valve 80 and its circumferential valve flap 82 are provided between this opening 28 and the pump chamber 64, an end-side annular surface at the end of the inlet sleeve 23 forming a valve surface 84 of the inlet valve. A ring structure is also provided on the base, the inside of which forms a valve surface 94 of the ventilation valve 90.

The actuation handle 40 of the in Fig. 2 The discharge head shown is guided displaceably on the base 20 by means of a jacket 45. The discharge opening 44 is arranged at the upper end of the jacket 45. An end face of the actuating handle 40 forms the actuating surface 42. On the inside of the actuating handle 40, an annular holding structure 46 for clamping the pump chamber component 66 is provided. A further annular web is provided within the holding structure 46, the outside of which forms a valve surface 74 of the outlet valve 70.

With the same pressure on both sides, the valve flaps 72, 82 are inwardly biased against the respective valve surface 74, 84. A third valve flap 92 of the ventilation valve 90 rests against the valve surface 94 in an outwardly biased manner with the same pressure on both sides. All three valve flaps 72, 82, 92 are designed circumferentially and therefore have a conical section-shaped or cylindrical shape.

At the upper end of the pump chamber component 66, a circumferential fastening section 54 is provided, by means of which the pump chamber component 66 is clamped into the holding structure 46, thereby creating a tight coupling of the pump chamber to the discharge opening 44. A thin tilting web 56 extends radially inward from the fastening section 54, with a notch 56A being provided in the present exemplary embodiment so that the tilting web develops the decoupling effect explained below. On the inside of the tilting web 56, the valve flap 72 adjoins the actuating direction 2, while the bellows-like pump chamber wall 62 extends in the direction of the base 20 in the opposite direction.

The lower end of the pump chamber component 66 forms a circumferential fastening section 55 which is clamped onto the inlet sleeve 23. The valve flap 82 is integrally formed on this fastening section 55. Pointing outwards, a tilting and pushing web 57, 58 adjoins the fastening section 55, which in turn is made comparatively thin by means of a circumferential notch 57A. On the outside of the tilting and pushing web 57, 58, the lower end of the bellows-like pump chamber wall 62 adjoins this in the direction of the actuating handle 40. The valve flap 92 of the ventilation valve 90 connects in the opposite direction.

The design of the pump chamber component 66 with the elements mentioned and in particular the valve flaps 72, 82, 92 serves the purpose of influencing the force with which the ends of the valve flaps 72, 82, 92 due to their connection to other parts of the pump chamber component 66 against the valve surfaces 74, 84, 94 are pressed. The pump chamber component 66 and in particular its bellows-like pump chamber wall 62 form an active member 50 for controlling this respective force.

In the upper end position of the actuating handle 40, which is shown in Fig. 2 As is shown in FIG. 3A, all valve flaps 72, 82, 92 are pressed against the valve surfaces 74, 84, 94 with the maximum force in each case.

If actuation now takes place by depressing the actuating handle 40, the pump chamber component 66 is compressed, the change in length being largely completely due to the pump chamber wall 62 forming the active member 50 and the fold-like superposition of its subsections. Two end-side subsections 52, 53 of the active member 50 formed by the pump chamber wall 62 are pivoted further in the direction of the arrows 3, 4 from a position previously angled with respect to the actuation direction 2. Due to the decoupling from the respective fastening sections 54, 55 by means of the tilting webs 56, 57, this pivoting leads to a rectified moment being coupled into the valve flaps 72, 92 in the direction of the arrows 5, 6, which is not sufficient to move the valve flaps 72 To release 92 from the valve surfaces 74, 94, but the contact pressure acting there is reduced.

The tilting and pushing web 58 also has the effect that the section 53 and the valve flap 92 are slightly displaced in relation to the fastening section 54 in the direction of the arrow 7. This results in a tensile force in the side of the valve flaps 82 of the inlet valve 80 facing the pump chamber 64, as a result of which a moment is also coupled into this, which acts in the direction of arrow 8 and also reduces the contact pressure on the valve surface 84 on this valve flap 82.

The in Figure 3B The achieved state represents an intermediate position of the operating handle 40. The respectively reduced contact force of the valve flaps 72, 82, 92 on the valve surfaces 74, 84, 94 in this state causes the limit overpressure required to open the valve to be reduced on each of the valves becomes. In the present embodiment, the excess pressure limit at the outlet valve 70 is already reduced by about 30%. At the inlet valve 80, the excess pressure limit is reduced by approximately 20%. The limit overpressure is reduced by approximately 50% at the ventilation valve 90.

With continued movement in the direction of the actuated end position, which is indicated in Figure 3C is shown, the deformations are each increased so that the contact pressure of the valve flaps 72, 82, 94 on the valve surfaces 74, 84, 94 decreases further. Upon reaching the actuated end position according to Figure 3C the excess pressure limit at the outlet valve 70 and at the inlet valve 80 is reduced to approximately 50% and approximately 30% of the original excess pressure limit in the unactuated end position. The overpressure limit at the ventilation valve 90 has fallen to 0 bar, so that the valve flap 92 has detached itself from the valve surface 94 and the ventilation valve 90 is thus open.

If the actuating handle 40 is released, the pumping chamber wall 62 effects a restoring force by which the actuating handle 40 over the state of the Figure 3B back to the state of Figure 3A is pressed.

The description of the process when pressing down the operating handle 40 with reference to FIG Figures 3A to 3C has been explained so far without reference to the liquid to be discharged and the compensating air flowing into the liquid reservoir 110.

In normal operation with a connected filled liquid reservoir, the behavior is as follows: Based on the state of the Figure 3A the actuation handle is actuated against a resistance that is maximum at the beginning, since the valve flap 72 of the outlet valve 70 is pressed against the valve surface 74 with maximum force in this state. After overcoming the starting resistance caused in this way, the valve flap 72 is opened as the movement begins due to the overpressure in the pump chamber 64 and the pressure required to keep the outlet valve 70 open is reduced as the pump chamber wall 62 and thus the active member 50 begin to deform. Thus, even if the actuation slows down, the exhaust valve 70 remains open. It only closes when it comes to a standstill, regardless of the partial stroke that has taken place up to that point. The inlet valve 80 and the ventilation valve 90 are meanwhile already closed due to the shape of the pump chamber component 66, wherein the inlet valve is additionally pressed into the closed position by the pressure in the pump chamber 64.

When the actuated end position of the Figure 3C the outlet valve closes in spite of the reduced limit overpressure, since the overpressure in the pump chamber 64 falls to 0 bar compared to the environment. The ventilation valve 90 has already opened while the valve flap 82 of the inlet valve 80 is still in contact with the valve surface 84 and is pressed against it, so that the inlet valve is still closed.

When the return stroke of the actuating handle 40 begins, the inlet valve opens immediately, since the restoring force is at a maximum at this moment and because the excess pressure limit for opening the inlet valve is minimal. The refilling of the pump chamber 64 therefore begins immediately. The vent valve 90, which was already open, allows equalizing air to flow in unhindered through the vent openings 26 into the liquid reservoir and remains reliably open during the predominant return stroke. The result is a very rapid resetting of the actuating handle 40 when the pump chamber 64 is completely refilled. After the unactuated end position of the Figure 3A the next actuation stroke can follow immediately.

Claims (15)

1. Discharge head (10) for a liquid dispenser (100) for discharging pharmaceutical or cosmetic liquids, having the following features:

   a. the discharge head (10) has a base (20) and an actuation handle (40) able to be pushed down in an actuation direction (2) in relation to the base (20) between a non-actuated end position and an actuated end position, and

   b. the discharge head (10) has a liquid inlet (22) for connection to a liquid store and has a discharge opening (44) for dispensing liquid to surroundings, and

   c. the discharge head (10) has a pump device (60) having a pump chamber (64) which is arranged between the actuation handle and the base and by means of which liquid can be conveyed from the liquid store to the discharge opening (44), and

   d. the discharge head (10) has

   - an outlet valve (70), opening in a pressure-dependent manner, between the pump chamber (64) and the discharge opening (44), which outlet valve, upon reduction in size of the pump chamber (64), opens by way of the liquid pressure of the liquid in the pump chamber (64), and/or

   - an inlet valve (80), opening in a pressure-dependent manner, between the liquid inlet (22) and the pump chamber (64), which inlet valve, upon enlargement of the pump chamber (64), opens by way of the negative pressure in the pump chamber (64), and/or

   - an aeration valve (90), opening in a pressure-dependent manner, in an aeration channel connecting the surroundings to the liquid store (110), which aeration valve opens when there is a negative pressure in the liquid store (110), and

   e. the outlet valve (70) and/or the inlet valve (80) and/or the aeration valve (90) have/has a valve flap (72, 82, 92) which closes off a valve channel in a closed position and which, by way of a limit positive pressure-exceeding positive pressure

   - in the pump chamber (64) in relation to the surroundings or

   - in the liquid store (110) in relation to the pump chamber (64) or

   - in the surroundings in relation to the liquid store (110),

   is able to be transferred into an open position, and

   f. the discharge head (10) has an actuator (50) which bears against the actuation handle (40) and against the base (20) so as to deform when the actuation handle (40) is pushed down, and

   g. the valve flap (72, 82, 92) is configured and attached to the actuator (50) in such a way that, by way of the deformation of the actuator (50), it is acted on in such a way that the limit positive pressure, beyond which the valve flap (72, 82, 92) leaves its closed position, is at least 10% lower in the actuated end position than in the non-actuated end position,

   characterized by the additional features:

   h. the pump device (60) has a pump chamber wall (62) surrounding the pump chamber (64) and formed by a hose-like pump chamber component (66) which is fastened with an open inlet side to the base (20) and which is fastened with an open outlet side to the actuation handle (40), and

   i. the actuator (50) is integrally connected to the pump chamber component (66).
2. Discharge head (10) according to Claim 1, having the following additional feature:

   a. the valve flap (72, 82, 92) is configured and attached to the actuator (50) in such a way that, by way of the deformation of the actuator (50), it is acted on in such a way that the limit positive pressure, beyond which the valve flap (72, 82, 92) leaves its closed position, is at least 30%, preferably at least 40%, lower in the actuated end position than in the non-actuated end position.
3. Discharge head (10) according to Claim 1 or 2, having the following additional feature:

   a. the valve flap (72, 82, 92) is configured and attached to the actuator (50) in such a way that, by way of the deformation of the actuator (50), it is acted on in such a way that the limit positive pressure, beyond which the valve flap (72, 82, 92) leaves its closed position, is at least 5%, preferably at least 15%, particularly preferably at least 20%, lower in a mid-position between the non-actuated end position and the actuated end position than in the non-actuated end position.
4. Discharge head (10) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following additional feature:

   a. the valve flap (72, 82) and the attachment thereof to the actuator (50) are configured in such a way that the limit positive pressure, beyond which the valve flap (72, 82, 92) leaves its closed position, does not drop to a value of 0 bar or below this value even in the actuated end position.
5. Discharge head (10) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following additional feature:

   a. the valve flap (72, 82, 92) is integrally connected to the actuator (50).
6. Discharge head (10) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following additional feature:

   a. the actuator (50) is formed by the pump chamber wall (62) or a part thereof.
7. Discharge head (10) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following additional feature:

   a. the actuator (50) has a shape which is curved or bent in a back-and-forth manner multiple times and which, upon actuation of the actuation handle (40), is shortened in the manner of a concertina.
8. Discharge head (10) according to Claim 7, having the following additional feature:

   a. the actuator (50) is formed by the pump chamber wall (62) or a part thereof, wherein the pump chamber wall (62) is at least sectionally in the form of a bellows with a shape which is curved or bent in a back-and-forth manner multiple times.
9. Discharge head (10) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following additional features:

   a. the actuator (50) has a sub-portion (52, 53) which is already oriented at an angle to the actuation direction (2) in the non-actuated end position of the actuation handle (40), and

   b. the sub-portion (52, 53) is arranged on the actuator (50) in such a way that, upon actuation of the actuation handle (40), it is pivoted into a more highly angled orientation by a pivoting movement, and

   c. the valve flap (72, 92) is arranged on the sub-portion (52, 53) and is consequently acted on by a moment acting in the open position.
10. Discharge head (10) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following additional features:

    a. the actuator (50) has a fastening portion (54, 55), in particular an encircling fastening portion (54, 55), and

    b. the actuator (50) has an easily deformable tilting web (56, 57), in particular an encircling tilting web (56, 57), which extends approximately at right angles, and consequently at an angle of between 70° and 110°, to the actuation direction (2), and

    c. a deformable part of the actuator (50) extends in or counter to the actuation direction (2), and the valve flap (72, 92) extends in the opposite direction, from an end of the tilting web (56, 57) facing away from the fastening portion (54, 55), such that, upon actuation of the actuation handle (40), a moment acting on the actuator (50) by way of the actuation is coupled into the valve flap (72, 92) in the direction of its open position.
11. Discharge head (10) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following additional features:

    a. the actuator (50) has a fastening portion 55), in particular an encircling fastening portion (55), and

    b. the actuator (50) has a deformable shearing web (58), in particular an encircling shearing web (58), at whose end opposite the fastening portion a shearing force is coupled in by the downward pushing in a manner offset from the valve flap (82), and

    c. the valve flap (82) is integrally formed on that end of the shearing web (58) facing the fastening portion (55), such that, upon actuation of the actuation handle (40), the shearing force, which acts in an offset manner, brings about a tensile force at an outer side of the valve flap (82), which brings about a tilting moment in the valve flap.
12. Discharge head (10) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following additional feature:

    a. a component forming the base (20) and a component forming the actuation handle (40) together delimit an interior of the discharge head, in which a one-piece pump chamber component (66) is arranged as the sole component.
13. Discharge head (10) according to one of the preceding claims, having the following additional feature:

    a. the discharge head (10) has at least two valve flaps (72, 82, 92) which are configured and attached to the actuator (50) in such a way that, by way of the deformation of at least one actuator (50), they are acted on in such a way that the respective limit positive pressure, beyond which the valve flaps (72, 82, 92) leave their closed position, is in each case at least 10% lower in the actuated end position than in the non-actuated end position.
14. Liquid dispenser (100) for discharging pharmaceutical or cosmetic liquids, having the following features:

    a. the liquid dispenser (100) has a liquid store (110), and

    b. the liquid dispenser (100) has a discharge head (10),

    characterized by the following additional features:
    c. the discharge head is designed according to one of the preceding claims.
15. Liquid dispenser according to Claim 14, having the following additional features:

    a. the liquid dispenser is filled with a cosmetic liquid, in particular with

    - lotions or gels,

    - lotions with a solids fraction, or

    - soap or shampoo.

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