EP3423693B1 - Cylinder liner and anti-polishing ring - Google Patents
Cylinder liner and anti-polishing ring Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3423693B1 EP3423693B1 EP16713504.5A EP16713504A EP3423693B1 EP 3423693 B1 EP3423693 B1 EP 3423693B1 EP 16713504 A EP16713504 A EP 16713504A EP 3423693 B1 EP3423693 B1 EP 3423693B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- piston
- cylinder liner
- hole
- polishing ring
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
Links
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 title claims description 33
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B77/00—Component parts, details or accessories, not otherwise provided for
- F02B77/08—Safety, indicating, or supervising devices
- F02B77/085—Safety, indicating, or supervising devices with sensors measuring combustion processes, e.g. knocking, pressure, ionization, combustion flame
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F1/004—Cylinder liners
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F02F1/00—Cylinders; Cylinder heads
- F02F2001/006—Cylinders; Cylinder heads having a ring at the inside of a liner or cylinder for preventing the deposit of carbon oil particles, e.g. oil scrapers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an anti-polishing ring for a cylinder liner as defined i in claim 1.
- Cylinder pressure can be measured either directly using a pressure sensor that is exposed to the pressure inside a cylinder, or indirectly using strain gages, force sensors or similar devices monitoring deformation or displacement of a component of the engine. If direct pressure measuring is used, the pressure sensors are typically arranged in the cylinder heads of the engine. A disadvantage of direct pressure monitoring is that the lifetime of the pressure sensors is limited due to the high temperatures and the vibrations occurring in the cylinder heads.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an improved anti-polishing ring for a cylinder liner.
- the characterizing features of the anti-polishing ring are given in the characterizing part of claim 1.
- the wall of the cylinder liner ; of the engine according to the invention comprises a through hole, which is configured to allow transmission of pressure from the cylinder to a pressure sensor and arranged in the wall of the cylinder liner at such a height that when the cylinder liner is mounted in an engine for forming a cylinder and a piston inside the cylinder is at top dead center, the hole opens inside the cylinder at a location that is above all the piston rings of the piston.
- cylinder pressure can be measured directly via the wall of the cylinder liner. Temperature and vibration levels in the cylinder liner are lower than in a cylinder head. The lifetime of pressure sensors is thus increased.
- the hole is configured to receive a pressure sensor.
- the diameter of the hole can increase in steps towards the outer surface of the cylinder liner.
- the upper end of the cylinder liner comprises a recess for receiving an anti-polishing ring.
- the hole of the cylinder liner opens to the area of the recess.
- a pressure sensor to be arranged behind an anti-polishing ring, which protects the pressure sensor from heat.
- the outer surface of the anti-polishing ring comprises a groove, which extends in the axial direction from the upper end of the anti-polishing ring towards the lower end and is configured to allow transmission of pressure from the cylinder to the through hole of the cylinder liner.
- a piston engine according to the invention comprises at least one cylinder and a piston that is configured to move in the cylinder in a reciprocating manner between bottom dead center and top dead center, the piston comprising at least one piston ring.
- the cylinder is formed by a cylinder liner defined above.
- the engine comprises a cylinder liner having at the upper end a recess for accommodating an anti-polishing ring and an anti-polishing ring defined above.
- FIG 1 is shown schematically an internal combustion engine 1 with a cylinder pressure monitoring arrangement.
- the engine 1 is a large piston engine, such as a main or an auxiliary engine of a ship or an engine that is used at a power plant for producing electricity.
- the cylinder bore of the engine 1 is at least 150 mm.
- four cylinders 2 are shown.
- the engine 1 can comprise any reasonable number of cylinders 2, which can be arranged in line or in a V-configuration.
- each cylinder of the engine 1 is provided with a pressure sensor 3.
- the pressure sensors 3 are arranged to measure the cylinder pressures directly. Each pressure sensor 3 is thus exposed to the cylinder pressure in the respective cylinder 2.
- Each pressure sensor 3 is connected to a control unit 4.
- Figure 2 shows a simplified cross-sectional view of a cylinder liner 5 according to an embodiment of the invention.
- the cylinder liner 5 is arranged at least partly inside an engine block and forms one of the cylinders 2 of the engine 1.
- a piston 6 is arranged inside the cylinder 2.
- the piston 6 is connected via a connecting rod 8 to a crankshaft (not shown).
- the piston 6 is configured to move in a reciprocating manner between bottom dead center and top dead center.
- a cylinder head 7 closes the upper end of the cylinder 2.
- the expression "upper end” refers here to the end that is farther from the crankshaft, i.e. the top dead center end of the cylinder 2.
- the cylinder 2 does not need to be arranged in a vertical position.
- the piston 6 is shown at top dead center.
- the piston 6 is provided with piston rings 10.
- the piston 6 comprises three piston rings 10.
- the main functions of the piston rings 10 are sealing of the combustion chamber for preventing escaping of combustion gases, heat transfer from the piston 6 to the cylinder liner 5 and regulation of the oil film on the inner surface of the cylinder liner 5.
- the outer diameter of the piston 6 above the piston rings 10 is smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder liner 5. In a gap 14 between the piston 6 and the cylinder liner 5 above the piston rings 10, the pressure is thus substantially the same as above the piston 6.
- the wall of the cylinder liner 5 is provided with a through hole 9.
- the hole 9 is arranged at such a height that when the cylinder liner 5 is arranged in the engine 1 for forming the cylinder 2 and the piston 6 is at top dead center, the hole 9 opens onto the inner surface of the cylinder liner 5 at a location, which is above all the piston rings 10 of the piston 6. The cylinder pressure is thus transmitted to the hole 9 regardless of the position of the piston 6.
- the diameter of the hole 9 increases in steps towards the outer surface of the cylinder liner 5.
- the innermost end of the hole has thus a smaller diameter than the outermost end of the hole 9.
- the outermost end of the hole 9 can be configured to receive a pressure sensor 3.
- the innermost end of the hole 9 can function as a conduit transmitting pressure from the cylinder 2 to the pressure sensor 3.
- the hole 9 can be provided with a thread for attaching the pressure sensor 3 to the cylinder liner 5.
- Figure 3 shows another embodiment of the invention.
- the cylinder liner 5 of figure 2 differs from the cylinder liner 5 of figure 2 in that it is provided with a recess 13 for receiving an anti-polishing ring 11.
- the recess 13 is located at the upper end of the cylinder liner 13.
- the anti-polishing ring 11 is a sleeve-like element, which is used for removing carbon deposits from a piston 6.
- the inner diameter of the anti-polishing ring 11 is smaller than the inner diameter of the cylinder liner 5, but larger than the outer diameter of the piston 6 in the area above the piston rings 10.
- the lower end of the anti-polishing ring 11 is at such a height that when the piston 6 is at top dead center, the lower end of the anti-polishing ring 11 is above all the piston rings 10 of the piston 6, but the upper end of the piston 6 is above the lower end of the anti-polishing ring 11.
- the anti-polishing ring 11 can thus scrape carbon deposits from a piston crown above the piston rings 10.
- the hole 9 of the cylinder liner 5 is arranged at the area of the recess 13. The hole 9 is thus behind the anti-polishing ring 11.
- the anti-polishing ring 11 is provided with a groove 12.
- the groove 12 is arranged on the outer surface of the anti-polishing ring 11.
- the groove 12 extends from the upper end of the anti-polishing ring 11 to such a location that fluid communication is established between the cylinder 2 and the hole 9 of the cylinder liner 5.
- the groove 12 is vertical.
- the anti-polishing ring 11 is not in contact with the cylinder head 7, but a small gap 15 is formed between the cylinder head 7 and the anti-polishing ring 11.
- Cylinder pressure can thus be transmitted through the gap to the groove 12.
- pressure can be transmitted to a pressure sensor 3 but the pressure sensor 3 is protected from the most extreme heat.
- the anti-polishing ring 11 can be provided with a locking pin and the cylinder liner 5 or the cylinder head 7 with a cooperating recess for keeping the groove 12 of the anti-polishing ring 11 aligned with the hole 9 of the cylinder liner 5.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
Description
- The present invention relates to an anti-polishing ring for a cylinder liner as defined i in claim 1.
- Large internal combustion engines, such as ship and power plant engines, are often provided with means for monitoring cylinder pressures. Cylinder pressure can be measured either directly using a pressure sensor that is exposed to the pressure inside a cylinder, or indirectly using strain gages, force sensors or similar devices monitoring deformation or displacement of a component of the engine. If direct pressure measuring is used, the pressure sensors are typically arranged in the cylinder heads of the engine. A disadvantage of direct pressure monitoring is that the lifetime of the pressure sensors is limited due to the high temperatures and the vibrations occurring in the cylinder heads.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an improved anti-polishing ring for a cylinder liner. The characterizing features of the anti-polishing ring are given in the characterizing part of claim 1.
- The wall of the cylinder liner ; of the engine according to the invention comprises a through hole, which is configured to allow transmission of pressure from the cylinder to a pressure sensor and arranged in the wall of the cylinder liner at such a height that when the cylinder liner is mounted in an engine for forming a cylinder and a piston inside the cylinder is at top dead center, the hole opens inside the cylinder at a location that is above all the piston rings of the piston.
- With the cylinder liner of the engine according to the invention, cylinder pressure can be measured directly via the wall of the cylinder liner. Temperature and vibration levels in the cylinder liner are lower than in a cylinder head. The lifetime of pressure sensors is thus increased.
- According to an embodiment of the invention, the hole is configured to receive a pressure sensor. The diameter of the hole can increase in steps towards the outer surface of the cylinder liner.
- According to ; the invention, the upper end of the cylinder liner comprises a recess for receiving an anti-polishing ring.
- According to the invention, the hole of the cylinder liner opens to the area of the recess. This allows a pressure sensor to be arranged behind an anti-polishing ring, which protects the pressure sensor from heat. In an anti-polishing ring according to the invention, the outer surface of the anti-polishing ring comprises a groove, which extends in the axial direction from the upper end of the anti-polishing ring towards the lower end and is configured to allow transmission of pressure from the cylinder to the through hole of the cylinder liner.
- A piston engine according to the invention comprises at least one cylinder and a piston that is configured to move in the cylinder in a reciprocating manner between bottom dead center and top dead center, the piston comprising at least one piston ring. The cylinder is formed by a cylinder liner defined above.
- According to the invention, the engine comprises a cylinder liner having at the upper end a recess for accommodating an anti-polishing ring and an anti-polishing ring defined above.
- Embodiments of the invention are described below in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which
-
Fig. 1 shows schematically a cylinder pressure monitoring arrangement of a piston engine, -
Fig. 2 shows a cylinder liner of a piston engine according to an embodiment of the invention, and -
Fig. 3 shows a cylinder liner of a piston engine according to another embodiment of the invention. - In
figure 1 is shown schematically an internal combustion engine 1 with a cylinder pressure monitoring arrangement. The engine 1 is a large piston engine, such as a main or an auxiliary engine of a ship or an engine that is used at a power plant for producing electricity. The cylinder bore of the engine 1 is at least 150 mm. Infigure 1 , fourcylinders 2 are shown. However, the engine 1 can comprise any reasonable number ofcylinders 2, which can be arranged in line or in a V-configuration. For monitoring pressures in thecylinders 2, each cylinder of the engine 1 is provided with apressure sensor 3. Thepressure sensors 3 are arranged to measure the cylinder pressures directly. Eachpressure sensor 3 is thus exposed to the cylinder pressure in therespective cylinder 2. Eachpressure sensor 3 is connected to acontrol unit 4. -
Figure 2 shows a simplified cross-sectional view of acylinder liner 5 according to an embodiment of the invention. Thecylinder liner 5 is arranged at least partly inside an engine block and forms one of thecylinders 2 of the engine 1. Apiston 6 is arranged inside thecylinder 2. Thepiston 6 is connected via a connectingrod 8 to a crankshaft (not shown). Thepiston 6 is configured to move in a reciprocating manner between bottom dead center and top dead center. Acylinder head 7 closes the upper end of thecylinder 2. The expression "upper end" refers here to the end that is farther from the crankshaft, i.e. the top dead center end of thecylinder 2. Thecylinder 2 does not need to be arranged in a vertical position. Infigure 2 , thepiston 6 is shown at top dead center. Thepiston 6 is provided withpiston rings 10. In the example offigure 2 , thepiston 6 comprises threepiston rings 10. However, the number ofpiston rings 10 could also be different. The main functions of thepiston rings 10 are sealing of the combustion chamber for preventing escaping of combustion gases, heat transfer from thepiston 6 to thecylinder liner 5 and regulation of the oil film on the inner surface of thecylinder liner 5. The outer diameter of thepiston 6 above thepiston rings 10 is smaller than the inner diameter of thecylinder liner 5. In agap 14 between thepiston 6 and thecylinder liner 5 above thepiston rings 10, the pressure is thus substantially the same as above thepiston 6. - For monitoring pressure inside the
cylinder 2, the wall of thecylinder liner 5 is provided with athrough hole 9. Thehole 9 is arranged at such a height that when thecylinder liner 5 is arranged in the engine 1 for forming thecylinder 2 and thepiston 6 is at top dead center, thehole 9 opens onto the inner surface of thecylinder liner 5 at a location, which is above all thepiston rings 10 of thepiston 6. The cylinder pressure is thus transmitted to thehole 9 regardless of the position of thepiston 6. The diameter of thehole 9 increases in steps towards the outer surface of thecylinder liner 5. The innermost end of the hole has thus a smaller diameter than the outermost end of thehole 9. The outermost end of thehole 9 can be configured to receive apressure sensor 3. The innermost end of thehole 9 can function as a conduit transmitting pressure from thecylinder 2 to thepressure sensor 3. Thehole 9 can be provided with a thread for attaching thepressure sensor 3 to thecylinder liner 5. By arranging thepressure sensor 3 in thecylinder liner 5, thepressure sensor 3 is not subjected to as high temperatures and vibration levels as a pressure sensor that is arranged in acylinder head 7. -
Figure 3 shows another embodiment of the invention. Thecylinder liner 5 offigure 2 differs from thecylinder liner 5 offigure 2 in that it is provided with arecess 13 for receiving ananti-polishing ring 11. Therecess 13 is located at the upper end of thecylinder liner 13. Theanti-polishing ring 11 is a sleeve-like element, which is used for removing carbon deposits from apiston 6. The inner diameter of theanti-polishing ring 11 is smaller than the inner diameter of thecylinder liner 5, but larger than the outer diameter of thepiston 6 in the area above the piston rings 10. The lower end of theanti-polishing ring 11 is at such a height that when thepiston 6 is at top dead center, the lower end of theanti-polishing ring 11 is above all the piston rings 10 of thepiston 6, but the upper end of thepiston 6 is above the lower end of theanti-polishing ring 11. Theanti-polishing ring 11 can thus scrape carbon deposits from a piston crown above the piston rings 10. - The
hole 9 of thecylinder liner 5 is arranged at the area of therecess 13. Thehole 9 is thus behind theanti-polishing ring 11. For allowing transmission of pressure from thecylinder 2 to thehole 9 of thecylinder liner 5, theanti-polishing ring 11 is provided with agroove 12. Thegroove 12 is arranged on the outer surface of theanti-polishing ring 11. Thegroove 12 extends from the upper end of theanti-polishing ring 11 to such a location that fluid communication is established between thecylinder 2 and thehole 9 of thecylinder liner 5. In the embodiment offigure 3 , thegroove 12 is vertical. Theanti-polishing ring 11 is not in contact with thecylinder head 7, but asmall gap 15 is formed between thecylinder head 7 and theanti-polishing ring 11. Cylinder pressure can thus be transmitted through the gap to thegroove 12. By locating thehole 9 of thecylinder liner 5 behind theanti-polishing ring 11, pressure can be transmitted to apressure sensor 3 but thepressure sensor 3 is protected from the most extreme heat. Theanti-polishing ring 11 can be provided with a locking pin and thecylinder liner 5 or thecylinder head 7 with a cooperating recess for keeping thegroove 12 of theanti-polishing ring 11 aligned with thehole 9 of thecylinder liner 5. - It will be appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the embodiments described above, but may vary within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (4)
- An anti-polishing ring (11) for a cylinder liner (5), which cylinder liner (5) can form a cylinder (2) of a piston engine (1), which engine (1) comprises a piston (6) that is configured to move in the cylinder (2) in a reciprocating manner between bottom dead center and top dead center, the piston (6) comprising at least one piston ring (10), wherein the wall of the cylinder liner (5) comprises a through hole (9), which is configured to allow transmission of pressure from the cylinder (2) to a pressure sensor (3), the hole (9) being arranged in the wall of the cylinder liner (5) at such a height that when the cylinder liner (5) is mounted in an engine (1) for forming a cylinder (2) and a piston (6) inside the cylinder (2) is at top dead center, the hole (9) opens inside the cylinder (2) at a location that is above all the piston rings (10) of the piston (6), and wherein the upper end of the cylinder liner (5) comprises a recess (13) for receiving an anti-polishing ring (11) and the hole (9) opens to the area of the recess (13), characterized in that the outer surface of the anti-polishing ring (11) comprises a groove (12), which extends in the axial direction from the upper end of the anti-polishing ring (11) towards the lower end and is configured to allow transmission of pressure from the cylinder (2) to the through hole (9) of the cylinder liner (5).
- A piston engine (1) comprising at least one cylinder (2) and a piston (6) that is configured to move in the cylinder (2) in a reciprocating manner between bottom dead center and top dead center, the piston (6) comprising at least one piston ring (10), wherein the cylinder (2) is formed by a cylinder liner (5), the wall of the cylinder liner (5) comprises a through hole (9), which is configured to allow transmission of pressure from the cylinder (2) to a pressure sensor (3), the hole (9) being arranged in the wall of the cylinder liner (5) at such a height that when the piston (6) inside the cylinder (2) is at top dead center, the hole (9) opens inside the cylinder (2) at a location that is above all the piston rings (10) of the piston (6), wherein the upper end of the cylinder liner (5) comprises a recess (13) for receiving an anti-polishing ring (11), and the hole (9) opens to the area of the recess (13), characterized in that the engine (1) comprises an anti-polishing ring (11) according to claim 1 arranged in the recess (13).
- A piston engine (1) according to claim 2, wherein the hole (9) is configured to receive a pressure sensor (3).
- A piston engine (1) according to claim 2 or 3, wherein the diameter of the hole (9) increases in steps towards the outer surface of the cylinder liner (5).
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
PCT/FI2016/050132 WO2017149190A1 (en) | 2016-03-04 | 2016-03-04 | Cylinder liner and anti-polishing ring |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3423693A1 EP3423693A1 (en) | 2019-01-09 |
EP3423693B1 true EP3423693B1 (en) | 2021-02-17 |
Family
ID=55646628
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP16713504.5A Active EP3423693B1 (en) | 2016-03-04 | 2016-03-04 | Cylinder liner and anti-polishing ring |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3423693B1 (en) |
KR (1) | KR102084346B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN108699967B (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017149190A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP6868584B2 (en) * | 2018-03-16 | 2021-05-12 | 株式会社Ihi原動機 | engine |
US11280291B2 (en) | 2019-12-31 | 2022-03-22 | Mahle International Gmbh | Cylinder liner with temperature sensor |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ES2000360A6 (en) | 1985-07-19 | 1988-02-16 | Orbital Eng Pty | Direct injection of a two-stroke engine |
US5156123A (en) * | 1989-09-30 | 1992-10-20 | Isuzu Motors Limited | Engine with variable combustion chamber |
JPH0526095A (en) * | 1991-07-22 | 1993-02-02 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Misfire inspecting device |
FI95830C (en) | 1994-05-27 | 1996-03-25 | Waertsilae Diesel Int | antipolishingring |
DE10207123A1 (en) * | 2002-02-20 | 2003-08-28 | Delphi Tech Inc | Ignition process for fuel mixtures in a combustion engine, injects fuel into center of cylinder and nebulizes it under high pressure |
US7360511B2 (en) * | 2004-06-10 | 2008-04-22 | Achates Power, Inc. | Opposed piston engine |
DE102006060330A1 (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-06-26 | Mahle International Gmbh | Insert for a cylinder liner or a cylinder of an internal combustion engine |
CN102434278B (en) * | 2011-07-26 | 2013-07-03 | 郑安庆 | Three-stroke reciprocating piston type engine |
EP2602453A1 (en) * | 2011-12-07 | 2013-06-12 | Wärtsilä Schweiz AG | Piston and cylinder assembly for a reciprocating compressor combustion machine and method for removing deposits from a piston |
CN203809137U (en) * | 2014-03-25 | 2014-09-03 | 扬州华铁铁路配件有限公司 | Cylinder sleeve with carbon-proof protection sleeve and for engine |
-
2016
- 2016-03-04 WO PCT/FI2016/050132 patent/WO2017149190A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-03-04 EP EP16713504.5A patent/EP3423693B1/en active Active
- 2016-03-04 KR KR1020187028436A patent/KR102084346B1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2016-03-04 CN CN201680083010.3A patent/CN108699967B/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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None * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
WO2017149190A1 (en) | 2017-09-08 |
CN108699967B (en) | 2023-04-25 |
KR20180118200A (en) | 2018-10-30 |
EP3423693A1 (en) | 2019-01-09 |
KR102084346B1 (en) | 2020-03-03 |
CN108699967A (en) | 2018-10-23 |
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