EP3423554B1 - Schmierölzusammensetzung mit verbesserter luftfreigabe - Google Patents
Schmierölzusammensetzung mit verbesserter luftfreigabe Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3423554B1 EP3423554B1 EP17708135.3A EP17708135A EP3423554B1 EP 3423554 B1 EP3423554 B1 EP 3423554B1 EP 17708135 A EP17708135 A EP 17708135A EP 3423554 B1 EP3423554 B1 EP 3423554B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ethylene
- hydrocarbyl
- additive
- thiophosphoric acid
- acid ester
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Active
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- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 141
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 title claims description 21
- -1 amine salt Chemical class 0.000 claims description 141
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 63
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 claims description 62
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 58
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- 239000004711 α-olefin Substances 0.000 claims description 50
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 49
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 claims description 45
- 125000001183 hydrocarbyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 43
- 230000001050 lubricating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 37
- 229920000089 Cyclic olefin copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 35
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 34
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 claims description 29
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 28
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Thiophosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(S)=O RYYWUUFWQRZTIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 150000003580 thiophosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydridophosphorus(.) (triplet) Chemical compound [PH] BHEPBYXIRTUNPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulphide Chemical compound [S-2] UCKMPCXJQFINFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000004805 propylene group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([*:1])C([H])([H])[*:2] 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009938 salting Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 61
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 37
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 33
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 32
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 32
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 24
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 23
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 21
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 18
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 16
- OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)O OJMIONKXNSYLSR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 16
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 16
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 14
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonic acid Chemical compound OC(O)=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 11
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 10
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 10
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 10
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 9
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 9
- RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetaminophen Chemical compound CC(=O)NC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 RZVAJINKPMORJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 150000004985 diamines Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical compound C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 7
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 7
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 description 6
- 125000001931 aliphatic group Chemical group 0.000 description 6
- 239000007866 anti-wear additive Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 6
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical class C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- NAGJZTKCGNOGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N dithiophosphoric acid Chemical class OP(O)(S)=S NAGJZTKCGNOGPW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 150000002924 oxiranes Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene glycol Chemical compound OCCO LYCAIKOWRPUZTN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VKCLPVFDVVKEKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N S=[P] Chemical class S=[P] VKCLPVFDVVKEKU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 150000003949 imides Chemical group 0.000 description 5
- 239000006281 industrial lubricant additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris Chemical compound OCC(N)(CO)CO LENZDBCJOHFCAS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Butene Chemical compound CCC=C VXNZUUAINFGPBY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dodecane Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCC SNRUBQQJIBEYMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroxylamine Chemical compound ON AVXURJPOCDRRFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene oxide Chemical compound CC1CO1 GOOHAUXETOMSMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tartaric acid Natural products [H+].[H+].[O-]C(=O)C(O)C(O)C([O-])=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000002723 alicyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ether Substances CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XXUJMEYKYHETBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 4-nitrophenyl ethylphosphonate Chemical compound CCOP(=O)(CC)OC1=CC=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1 XXUJMEYKYHETBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 description 4
- 150000002440 hydroxy compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 4
- LSHROXHEILXKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[2-[2-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]ethylamino]ethyl]ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCNCCN LSHROXHEILXKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene Natural products CC=C QQONPFPTGQHPMA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N (9Z)-octadecen-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCO ALSTYHKOOCGGFT-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-dodecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCC=C CRSBERNSMYQZNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N Dextrotartaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)C(O)=O FEWJPZIEWOKRBE-JCYAYHJZSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000002015 acyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006482 condensation reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000005690 diesters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003085 diluting agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000003438 dodecyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000004185 ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000002334 glycols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 125000000740 n-pentyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920000058 polyacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000005077 polysulfide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001021 polysulfide Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000008117 polysulfides Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000003138 primary alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000001424 substituent group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000010689 synthetic lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- VQOXUMQBYILCKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-Tridecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCC=C VQOXUMQBYILCKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-decene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC=C AFFLGGQVNFXPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ADOBXTDBFNCOBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-heptadecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C ADOBXTDBFNCOBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexadecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C GQEZCXVZFLOKMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-hexene Chemical compound CCCCC=C LIKMAJRDDDTEIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-octene Chemical compound CCCCCCC=C KWKAKUADMBZCLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 1-oleoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PJLHTVIBELQURV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-pentadecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C PJLHTVIBELQURV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-tetradecene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCC=C HFDVRLIODXPAHB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-7-methoxychromen-4-one Chemical compound C=1C(OC)=CC(O)=C(C(C=2)=O)C=1OC=2C1=CC=C(OC)C(OC)=C1 HIXDQWDOVZUNNA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethylhexan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)CO YIWUKEYIRIRTPP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-propanol Substances CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1-pentene Chemical compound CC(C)CC=C WSSSPWUEQFSQQG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethylamine Chemical compound CNC ROSDSFDQCJNGOL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylamine Chemical compound CCN QUSNBJAOOMFDIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylamine Chemical compound NC BAVYZALUXZFZLV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Morpholine Chemical compound C1COCCN1 YNAVUWVOSKDBBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QCOGKXLOEWLIDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-methylbutylamine Chemical compound CCCCNC QCOGKXLOEWLIDC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene oxide Chemical compound C1OC1C1=CC=CC=C1 AWMVMTVKBNGEAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical class C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000005037 alkyl phenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Al](Cl)Cl VSCWAEJMTAWNJL-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001565 benzotriazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN HQABUPZFAYXKJW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000000484 butyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001721 carbon Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N catechol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1O YCIMNLLNPGFGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000012612 commercial material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N decan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCO MWKFXSUHUHTGQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002704 decyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 230000000994 depressogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutylamine Chemical compound CCCCNCCCC JQVDAXLFBXTEQA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YLFBFPXKTIQSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxy(oxo)phosphanium Chemical compound CO[P+](=O)OC YLFBFPXKTIQSSY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCO LQZZUXJYWNFBMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
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- JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecylamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCN JRBPAEWTRLWTQC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 239000013020 final formulation Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001030 gas--liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N glycerol monolinoleate Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@H](O)CO RZRNAYUHWVFMIP-HXUWFJFHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000010722 industrial gear oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003879 lubricant additive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000010688 mineral lubricating oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000001280 n-hexyl group Chemical group C(CCCCC)* 0.000 description 2
- NHLUYCJZUXOUBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N nonadec-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C NHLUYCJZUXOUBX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001400 nonyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- CCCMONHAUSKTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N octadec-1-ene Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC=C CCCMONHAUSKTEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N octan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCCCN IOQPZZOEVPZRBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002347 octyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229940055577 oleyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleyl alcohol Natural products CCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCO XMLQWXUVTXCDDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000001117 oleyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003017 phosphorus Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910001392 phosphorus oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
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- 125000002960 margaryl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000005555 metalworking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002780 morpholines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001421 myristyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- TUFJPPAQOXUHRI-KTKRTIGZSA-N n'-[(z)-octadec-9-enyl]propane-1,3-diamine Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCNCCCN TUFJPPAQOXUHRI-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQGNVWRYTKPRMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[2-[2-[2-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]ethylamino]ethylamino]ethyl]ethane-1,2-diamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCNCCNCCN AQGNVWRYTKPRMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Octanol Natural products CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BBDGYADAMYMJNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-butyl-n-ethylbutan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCN(CC)CCCC BBDGYADAMYMJNO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNVRJGIVDSQCOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethyl-n-methylethanamine Chemical compound CCN(C)CC GNVRJGIVDSQCOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSTNFGAKGUERTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-ethylhexan-1-amine Chemical compound CCCCCCNCC WSTNFGAKGUERTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910017464 nitrogen compound Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002830 nitrogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000001196 nonadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000005064 octadecenyl group Chemical group C(=CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000005702 oxyalkylene group Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- 125000000913 palmityl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000002958 pentadecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 1
- PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pent‐4‐en‐2‐one Natural products CC(=O)CC=C PNJWIWWMYCMZRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphinic acid Chemical compound O[PH2]=O ACVYVLVWPXVTIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphite(3-) Chemical class [O-]P([O-])[O-] AQSJGOWTSHOLKH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentachloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)(Cl)(Cl)Cl UHZYTMXLRWXGPK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentasulfide Chemical compound S1P(S2)(=S)SP3(=S)SP1(=S)SP2(=S)S3 CYQAYERJWZKYML-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus pentoxide Inorganic materials O1P(O2)(=O)OP3(=O)OP1(=O)OP2(=O)O3 DLYUQMMRRRQYAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus trichloride Chemical compound ClP(Cl)Cl FAIAAWCVCHQXDN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZHNNJXWQYFUTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus triiodide Chemical compound IP(I)I PZHNNJXWQYFUTD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphorus trioxide Inorganic materials O1P(O2)OP3OP1OP2O3 VSAISIQCTGDGPU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004885 piperazines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003053 piperidines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001200 poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920006389 polyphenyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001451 polypropylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GGHDAUPFEBTORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propane-1,1-diamine Chemical class CCC(N)N GGHDAUPFEBTORZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001436 propyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylenediamine Chemical compound CC(N)CN AOHJOMMDDJHIJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003212 purines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940005657 pyrophosphoric acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003233 pyrroles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003254 radicals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 102220247977 rs758942502 Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 125000000467 secondary amino group Chemical group [H]N([*:1])[*:2] 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium docusate Chemical group [Na+].CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC APSBXTVYXVQYAB-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 238000006467 substitution reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003899 tartaric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl 2,7-diazaspiro[4.5]decane-7-carboxylate Chemical compound C1N(C(=O)OC(C)(C)C)CCCC11CNCC1 ISIJQEHRDSCQIU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butylamine Chemical compound CC(C)(C)N YBRBMKDOPFTVDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003510 tertiary aliphatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetradecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCO HLZKNKRTKFSKGZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004853 tetrahydropyridinyl group Chemical group N1(CCCC=C1)* 0.000 description 1
- VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CSN=N1.C1=CSN=N1 VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004867 thiadiazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004886 thiomorpholines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- LVBXEMGDVWVTGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-2-octenal Natural products CCCCCC=CC=O LVBXEMGDVWVTGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributylamine Chemical compound CCCCN(CCCC)CCCC IMFACGCPASFAPR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBYLVOKEDDQJDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-aminoethyl)amine Chemical compound NCCN(CCN)CCN MBYLVOKEDDQJDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000002948 undecyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001567 vinyl ester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M161/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a mixture of a macromolecular compound and a non-macromolecular compound, each of these compounds being essential
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M169/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by containing as components a mixture of at least two types of ingredient selected from base-materials, thickeners or additives, covered by the preceding groups, each of these compounds being essential
- C10M169/04—Mixtures of base-materials and additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M137/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus
- C10M137/02—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an organic non-macromolecular compound containing phosphorus having no phosphorus-to-carbon bond
- C10M137/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M137/10—Thio derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M143/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being a macromolecular hydrocarbon or such hydrocarbon modified by oxidation
- C10M143/02—Polyethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/1006—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/102—Aliphatic fractions
- C10M2203/1025—Aliphatic fractions used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2203/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds and hydrocarbon fractions as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2203/10—Petroleum or coal fractions, e.g. tars, solvents, bitumen
- C10M2203/108—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks
- C10M2203/1085—Residual fractions, e.g. bright stocks used as base material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/022—Ethene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/024—Propene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2205/00—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2205/02—Organic macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds or fractions, whether or not modified by oxidation as ingredients in lubricant compositions containing acyclic monomers
- C10M2205/026—Butene
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2219/02—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds
- C10M2219/022—Sulfur-containing compounds obtained by sulfurisation with sulfur or sulfur-containing compounds of hydrocarbons, e.g. olefines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/043—Ammonium or amine salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/047—Thioderivatives not containing metallic elements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/12—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of organic compounds, e.g. with PxSy, PxSyHal or PxOy
- C10M2223/121—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions obtained by phosphorisation of organic compounds, e.g. with PxSy, PxSyHal or PxOy of alcohols or phenols
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2020/00—Specified physical or chemical properties or characteristics, i.e. function, of component of lubricating compositions
- C10N2020/01—Physico-chemical properties
- C10N2020/02—Viscosity; Viscosity index
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/18—Anti-foaming property
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/04—Oil-bath; Gear-boxes; Automatic transmissions; Traction drives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
- C10N2040/08—Hydraulic fluids, e.g. brake-fluids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2060/00—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition
- C10N2060/14—Chemical after-treatment of the constituents of the lubricating composition by boron or a compound containing boron
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the use of an additive combination for improving air release of a functional fluid, such as a lubricating oil.
- lubricants In order to reduce the friction and wear of moving parts, lubricants must have sufficient viscosity at the normal operating temperature of the moving parts. When lubricating films are too thin, parts are not adequately protected leading to reduced operable lifespan. Further, low viscosity at maximum operating temperatures can cause equipment to seize or wear unacceptably. Sufficient viscosity is also necessary to protect hydraulic pumps and keep them operating efficiently by preventing leakage or internal pump recycling.
- Air release properties of functional fluids or lubricants affect the maximum fluid viscosity of the lubricant. As functional fluids or lubricants move through a system of moving parts, air becomes trapped in the fluid. Often systems are designed with additional fluid reservoirs to allow functional fluids or lubricants to rest and release trapped air. Sometimes the inclusions of these reservoirs are impractical due to sizing constraints for the equipment or the amount of additional fluid or lubricant necessary to keep the system operating continuously.
- US 6,251,840 B1 discloses lubricating/functional fluid compositions with antiwear and antifoaming properties that comprise 2,5-dimercapto-1,3,4-thiadiazole and derivatives thereof together with silicone and/or fluorosilicone antifoam agents.
- Certain fluid and lubricant additives are known to negatively impact air release from the fluid. Typically, air release is improved by reducing the viscosity of the fluid. It would be desirable to have an additive that can improve the air release of a functional fluid while maintaining desired viscosity grades.
- One objective of the present invention is to improve the air release of a functional fluid or lubricating oil by mixing a base oil with an ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymer. Also disclosed is a lubricating composition having a desired lubricating viscosity with improved air release over the base oil alone.
- the objectives are achieved by the use of a combination of 2 to 17% by weight of an ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymer and 0.04 to 0.2% by weight of an additive comprising an amine salt of a hydrocarbyl thiophosphoric acid ester to improve the ability of an oil of lubricating viscosity to release entrapped air.
- the additive comprising an amine salt of a hydrocarbyl thiophosphoric acid ester is obtained by reacting a phosphorous sulfide with one or more alcohols having about 3 to about 13 carbon atoms to form a thiophosphoric acid ester, further reacting the thiophosphoric acid ester with an alkylene oxide to form a hydroxyl-substituted ester of thiophosphoric acid, and further reacting said hydroxyl-substituted ester of thiophosphoric acid with a phosphorous oxide to form an acidic phosphoric acid intermediate, and salting said acidic phosphoric acid intermediate with one or more amines wherein said amines contain one or more hydrocarbyl groups having from 2 to 30 carbon atoms.
- the ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymer comprises ethylene monomer units and one or more ⁇ -olefin units other than ethylene monomer, wherein the amount of ethylene monomer units is greater than 5 weight percent, wherein the ⁇ -olefin monomer units contain 3 to 20, or 3 to 6, or 3 to 4, or 3 carbon atoms or mixtures thereof.
- the ⁇ -olefin monomer units of the ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymer comprise propylene units and monomer units containing 4 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymer has a kinematic viscosity at 100 °C of at least 35 mm 2 /s or at least 500 mm 2 /s.
- the lubricating oil composition comprises 5% to 17% by weight of the ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymer.
- the lubricating oil composition comprises 0.10% to 0.15% by weight of the additive comprising an amine salt of a hydrocarbyl thiophosphoric acid ester.
- the transitional term "comprising”, which is synonymous with “including”, “containing”, or “characterized by”, is inclusive or open-ended and does not exclude additional, un-recited elements or method steps.
- the term also encompasses, as alternative embodiments, the phrases “consisting essentially of' and “consisting of', where “consisting of' excludes any element or step not specified and “consisting essentially of' permits the inclusion of additional un-recited elements or steps that do not materially affect the basic and novel characteristics of the composition or method under consideration.
- hydrocarbyl substituent or “hydrocarbyl group” is used in its ordinary sense, which is well-known to those skilled in the art. Specifically, it refers to a group having a carbon atom directly attached to the remainder of the molecule and having predominantly hydrocarbon character.
- hydrocarbyl groups include: hydrocarbon substituents, including aliphatic, alicyclic, and aromatic substituents; substituted hydrocarbon substituents, that is, substituents containing non-hydrocarbon groups which, in the context of this invention, do not alter the predominantly hydrocarbon nature of the substituent; and hetero substituents, that is, substituents which similarly have a predominantly hydrocarbon character but contain other than carbon in a ring or chain.
- the present invention provides the use of a combination of 2 to 17% by weight of an ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymer and 0.04 to 0.2% by weight of an additive comprising an amine salt of a hydrocarbyl thiophosphoric acid ester to improve the ability of an oil of lubricating viscosity to release entrapped air.
- an additive comprising an amine salt of a hydrocarbyl thiophosphoric acid ester to improve the ability of an oil of lubricating viscosity to release entrapped air.
- the base oil may be selected from any of the base oils in Groups I-V of the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines, namely Base Oil Category Sulfur (%) Saturates (%) Viscosity Index Group I >0.03 and/or ⁇ 90 80 to 120 Group II ⁇ 0.03 and ⁇ 90 80 to 120 Group III ⁇ 0.03 and ⁇ 90 >120 Group IV All polyalphaolefins (PAOs) Group V All others not included in Groups I, II, III or IV Groups I, II and III are mineral oil base stocks.
- the oil of lubricating viscosity can include natural or synthetic oils and mixtures thereof. Mixtures of mineral oil and synthetic oils, e.g., polyalphaolefin oils and/or polyester oils, may be used.
- Natural oils include animal oils and vegetable oils (e.g. vegetable acid esters) as well as mineral lubricating oils such as liquid petroleum oils and solvent-treated or acid treated mineral lubricating oils of the paraffinic, naphthenic, or mixed paraffinicnaphthenic types. Hydrotreated or hydrocracked oils are also useful oils of lubricating viscosity. Oils of lubricating viscosity derived from coal or shale are also useful.
- Synthetic oils include hydrocarbon oils and halosubstituted hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins and mixtures thereof, alkylbenzenes, polyphenyl, alkylated diphenyl ethers, and alkylated diphenyl sulfides and their derivatives, analogs and homologues thereof.
- Alkylene oxide polymers and interpolymers and derivatives thereof, and those where terminal hydroxyl groups have been modified by, e.g., esterification or etherification, are other classes of synthetic lubricating oils.
- suitable synthetic lubricating oils comprise esters of dicarboxylic acids and those made from C5 to C12 monocarboxylic acids and polyols or polyol ethers.
- Other synthetic lubricating oils include liquid esters of phosphorus-containing acids, polymeric tetrahydrofurans, silicon-based oils such as polyalkyl-, polyaryl-, polyalkoxy-, or polyaryloxy-siloxane oils, and silicate oils.
- oils include those produced by Fischer-Tropsch reactions, typically hydroisomerized Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons or waxes.
- oils may be prepared by a Fischer-Tropsch gas-to-liquid synthetic procedure as well as other gas-to-liquid oils.
- Unrefined, refined and rerefined oils either natural or synthetic (as well as mixtures thereof) of the types disclosed hereinabove can be used.
- Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a natural or synthetic source without further purification treatment.
- Refined oils are similar to the unrefined oils except they have been further treated in one or more purification steps to improve one or more properties.
- Rerefined oils are obtained by processes similar to those used to obtain refined oils applied to refined oils which have been already used in service. Rerefined oils often are additionally processed to remove spent additives and oil breakdown products.
- the industrial lubricant composition may also include a minor amount of one or more non-synthetic base oils.
- non-synthetic base oils include any of those described herein, including API Group I, Group II, or Group III base oils.
- the amount of the oil of lubricating viscosity present is typically the balance remaining after subtracting from 100 wt % the sum of the amount of the compounds used in the invention and the other performance additives. In one embodiment, the amount of the oil of lubricating viscosity present is typically the balance remaining after subtracting from 100% by weight the sum of the amount of the ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymer and the additive comprising an amine salt of a hydrocarbyl phosphoric acid ester and any other optional performance additives in the composition.
- the oil of lubricating viscosity can be present in a major amount, for a lubricant composition, or in a concentrate forming amount, for a concentrate and/or additive composition.
- the industrial lubricant compositions described herein may be either lubricant compositions or concentrate and/or additive compositions.
- the oil of lubricating viscosity is generally present in a major amount (i.e. an amount greater than 50 percent by weight). Typically, the oil of lubricating viscosity is present in an amount of 75 to 98 percent by weight, and often greater than 80 percent by weight of the overall composition.
- the various described oils of lubricating viscosity may be used alone or in combinations.
- the oil of lubricating viscosity (considering all oil present) may be used in the described industrial lubricant compositions in the range of about 40 or 50 percent by weight to about 99 percent by weight, or from a minimum of 49.8, 70, 85, 93, 93.5 or even 97 up to a maximum of 99.8, 99, 98.5, 98 or even 97 percent by weight.
- the oil of lubricating viscosity may be used from 60 to 97, or from 80 to 97, or even from 85 to 97 percent by weight.
- the compositions described herein may contain at least 60, 80, or even 85 percent by weight oil of lubricating viscosity.
- concentrate compositions typically the amount of additives and other components remains the same, but the amount of oil of lubricating viscosity is reduced, in order to make the composition more concentrated and more efficient to store and/or transport.
- a person skilled in the art would be able to easily adjust the amount of oil of lubricating viscosity present in order to provide a concentrate and/or additive composition.
- the ethylene ⁇ -olefin copolymer includes those with a backbone containing 1 to 3 different ⁇ -olefin monomers (beside the ethylene monomer), in one embodiment 1 to 3 different ⁇ -olefin monomers and in yet another embodiment 1 ⁇ -olefin monomer in addition to the ethylene monomer.
- the ⁇ -olefin monomers include 3 to 20, and in other embodiments 3 to 12, or 3 to 10, or 3 to 6, or 3 to 4 carbon atoms, and in another embodiment 3 carbon atoms (i.e., propylene).
- the olefin may be an alpha olefin of the above listed number of carbon atoms.
- the ethylene ⁇ -olefin copolymer may have greater than 5 percent by weight ethylene monomer units, and in some embodiments at least 10 percent and up to 90 percent, or 15 to 85, or 20 to 80, or 30 to 50 percent by weight ethylene monomer units. In certain embodiments the amount of ethylene monomer will be 30-50 weight percent; in other embodiments the amount of ethylene monomer will be 75 to 85, or 79 to 81, weight percent. Otherwise expressed, the amount of ethylene monomer may be 15 to 90 or 25 to 85 or 40 to 60 or 45 to 55 mole percent.
- R 3 is a hydrocarbyl group, in one embodiment an alkyl radical containing 1 to 18, 1 to 12, 1 to 10, 1 to 6 or 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- the hydrocarbyl group includes an alkyl radical that has a straight chain, a branched chain, or mixtures thereof.
- co-monomers examples include propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 1-octene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-decene, 1-dodecene, 1-tridecene, 1-tetradecene, 1-pentadecene, 1-hexadecene, 1-heptadecene, 1-octadecene, 1-nonadecene or mixtures thereof.
- the co-monomer may be 1-butene, propylene or mixtures thereof.
- ⁇ -olefin copolymers examples include ethylene-propylene copolymers and ethylene-1-butene copolymers and mixtures thereof.
- the ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymer may have a kinematic viscosity at 100 °C of at least 35 or at least 50 or at least 100 or at least 500 mm 2 /s at 100°C. In certain embodiments the ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymer may have a kinematic viscosity at 100°C of at least about 500 or at least about 1000 mm 2 /s or 1500 mm 2 /s or 2000 mm 2 /s, which feature will distinguish it from similar materials of much lower viscosity that might be used as base oils.
- the ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymer may have a number average molecular weight of 1000 to 8000, or 1000 to 5000, or 1300 to 8000, or 1500 to 3000, or 1800 to 2500, or about 2000, or 2500 to 5000, or 3500 to 4500, or about 4000.
- Its polydispersity (Mw/Mn) may be in the range of 1.3 to 4 or 1.4 to 3 or 1.4 to 2. It may be prepared by known methods by polymerization of (typically) ethylene and an alpha olefin such as propylene using an AlCl 3 or BF 3 catalyst or by other known methods.
- the combination used in the present invention also includes an additive comprising an amine salt of a hydrocarbyl thiophosphoric acid ester.
- the thiophosphoric acid ester has one or more sulfur to phosphorus bonds.
- the thiophosphoric acid ester has one or more ester groups.
- Inorganic phosphorus agents include phosphorus acids, phosphorus oxides or phosphorus halides.
- the hydroxyl-substituted ester of thiophosphoric acid may be derived from mono- or dithiophosphoric acid esters containing one or more ester groups.
- the amine salt of a hydrocarbyl thiophosphoric acid ester has one or more sulfur to phosphorus bonds.
- the amine salt of a hydrocarbyl thiophosphoric acid ester may contain one or more ester groups.
- the sulfur-containing phosphorus acid ester is referred to as a thiophosphorus acid salt thereof.
- the thiophosphoric acid ester or salt may be prepared by reacting one or more phosphorus sulfides with alcohols, such as those described above.
- Useful phosphorus sulfide-containing sources include phosphorus pentasulfide, phosphorus sesquisulfide, and phosphorus heptasulfide.
- Dithiophosphoric acid esters are also referred to generally as dithiophosphates.
- the thiophosphoric acid ester may be prepared by reacting one or more phosphorus sulfide sources with alcohols.
- Useful phosphorus sulfides sources include phosphorus sulfide, phosphorus sesquisulfide, and phosphorus heptasulfide.
- the alcohols generally contain from one to about 30, or from two to about 24, or from about 3 to about 12, or up to about 8 carbon atoms.
- Alcohols used to prepare the thiophosphoric acid esters include butyl, amyl, 2-ethylhexyl, hexyl, octyl, oleyl, and cresol alcohols.
- Alfol 810 a mixture of primarily straight chain, primary alcohols having from 8 to 10 carbon atoms
- Alfol 1218 a mixture of synthetic, primary, straight-chain alcohols containing 12 to 18 carbon atoms
- Alfol 20+ alcohols mixture of C18-C28 primary alcohols having mostly C20 alcohols as determined by GLC (gas-liquid-chromatography)
- Alfol 22+ alcohols C18-C28 primary alcohols containing primarily C22 alcohols.
- Alfol alcohols are available from Continental Oil Company.
- a variety of mixtures of monohydric fatty alcohols derived from naturally occurring triglycerides and ranging in chain length of from C8 to C18 are available from Procter & Gamble Company. These mixtures contain various amounts of fatty alcohols containing mainly 12, 14, 16 or 18 carbon atoms.
- CO-1214 is a fatty alcohol mixture containing 0.5% of C10 alcohol, 66.0% of C12 alcohol, 26.0% of C14 alcohol and 6.5% of C16 alcohol.
- Neodol 23 is a mixture of C12 and C13 alcohols
- Neodol 25 is a mixture of C12 and C15 alcohols
- Neodol 45 is a mixture of C14 to C15 linear alcohols
- Neodol 91 is a mixture of C9, C10 and C11 alcohols.
- Fatty vicinal diols also are useful and these include those available from Ashland Oil under the general trade designation Adol 114 and Adol 158.
- the former is derived from a straight chain alpha-olefin fraction of C11-C14, and the latter is derived from a C15-C18 alpha-olefin fraction.
- the thiophosphoric acid is a monothiophosphoric acid.
- Monothiophosphoric acids may be prepared by the reaction of a sulfur source with a dihydrocarbyl phosphite.
- the sulfur source may for instance be elemental sulfur, or a sulfide, such as a sulfur-coupled olefin or a sulfur-coupled dithiophosphate. Elemental sulfur is a good sulfur source.
- the preparation of monothiophosphoric acids is disclosed in U.S. Patent 4,755,311 and PCT Publication WO 87/07638 , which disclose monothiophosphoric acids, sulfur sources, and the process for making monothiophosphoric acids.
- Monothiophosphoric acids may also be formed in the lubricant blend by adding a dihydrocarbyl phosphite to a lubricating composition containing a sulfur source, such as a sulfurized olefin.
- a sulfur source such as a sulfurized olefin.
- the phosphite may react with the sulfur source under blending conditions (i.e., temperatures from about 30°C to about 100°C, or higher) to form the monothiophosphoric acid.
- the hydroxyl-substituted ester of thiophosphoric acid is a dithiophosphoric acid or phosphorodithioic acid.
- the dithiophosphoric acid may be represented by the formula (R7O)2PSSH, wherein each R7 is independently a hydrocarbyl group containing from about 3 to about 30, or from about 3 up to about 18, or from about 4 up to about 12, or up to about 8 carbon atoms.
- R7 examples include isopropyl, isobutyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, amyl, n-hexyl, methylisobutyl carbinyl, heptyl, 2-ethylhexyl, isooctyl, nonyl, behenyl, decyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, alkylphenyl groups, or mixtures thereof.
- Illustrative lower alkylphenyl R7 groups include butylphenyl, amylphenyl, and heptylphenyl and mixtures thereof.
- mixtures of R7 groups include: 1-butyl and 1-octyl; 1-pentyl and 2-ethyl-1-hexyl; isobutyl and n-hexyl; isobutyl and isoamyl; 2-propyl and 2-methyl-4-pentyl; isopropyl and sec-butyl; and isopropyl and isooctyl.
- the hydroxyl-substituted ester of thiophosphoric acid is a phosphorus ester prepared by reacting one or more dithiophosphoric acid esters with an epoxide or a glycol. This reaction product may be used alone, or further reacted with a phosphorus acid, anhydride, or lower ester.
- the epoxide is generally an aliphatic epoxide or a styrene oxide. Examples of useful epoxides include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butene oxide, octene oxide, dodecene oxide, styrene oxide, etc. Propylene oxide is particularly useful.
- the glycols may be aliphatic glycols, having from 1 to about 12, or from about 2 to about 6, or from about 2 to about 3 carbon atoms, or aromatic glycols.
- Glycols include ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, catechol, resorcinol, and the like.
- the inorganic phosphorus reagent useful in the reaction with the hydroxyl-substituted ester of thiophosphoric acid is preferably phosphorus pentoxide.
- Other phosphorus oxides such as phosphorus trioxide and phosphorus tetroxide likewise are useful.
- Also useful are phosphorus acids, and phosphorus halides.
- phosphoric acid pyrophosphoric acid, metaphosphoric acid, hypophosphoric acid, phosphorous acid, pyrophosphorous acid, metaphosphorous acid, hypophosphorous acid, phosphorus trichloride, phosphorus tribromide, phosphorus pentachloride, monobromophosphorus tetrachloride, phosphorus oxychloride, and phosphorus triiodide.
- the reaction of the hydroxyl-substituted ester of thiophosphoric acid with the inorganic phosphorus reagent results in an acidic phosphoric acid intermediate.
- the chemical constitution of the acidic phosphoric acid intermediate depends to a large measure on the nature of the inorganic phosphorus reagent used.
- the amine salt of a hydrocarbyl thiophosphoric acid ester is prepared by reacting the acidic phosphoric acid intermediate with ammonia or a basic nitrogen compound, such as an amine or a nitrogen containing dispersant.
- the salts may be formed separately, and then the salt of the hydrocarbyl thiophosphoric acid ester may be added to the lubricating composition.
- the salts may also be formed in situ when the acidic phosphorus acid ester is blended with other components to form a fully formulated lubricating composition.
- the monoamines generally contain from 1 to about 24, or from 1 to about 12, or from 1 to about 6 carbon atoms.
- monoamines include methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, 2-ethylhexylamine, octylamine, and dodecylamine.
- secondary amines include dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, dibutylamine, methylbutylamine, and ethylhexylamine.
- Tertiary amines include trimethylamine, tributylamine, methyldiethylamine, and ethyldibutylamine.
- the amine is a fatty (C8-30) amine such as n-octylamine, n-decylamine, n-dodecylamine, n-hexadecylamine, n-octadecylamine, oleyamine, etc.
- fatty amines include "Armeen” amines (products available from Akzo Chemicals, Chicago, Illinois), such Armeen C, Armeen O, Armeen T, and Armeen S, wherein the letter designates the fatty group, such as coco, oleyl, tallow, or stearyl groups.
- R"(ORN)xNH2 a primary ether amine
- RN is a divalent alkylene group having about 2 to about 6 carbon atoms
- x is a number from 1 to about 150, or from about 1 to about 5, or 1
- R" is a hydrocarbyl group of about 5 to about 150 carbon atoms.
- An example of an ether amine is available under the name SURFAM ® amines produced and marketed by Mars Chemical Company, Atlanta, Georgia.
- Useful etheramines are exemplified by those identified as SURFAM P14B (decyloxypropylamine), SURFAM P16A (linear C16), SURFAM P17B (tridecyloxypropylamine).
- the carbon chain lengths (i.e., C14, etc.) of the SURFAMS described above and used hereinafter are approximate and include the oxygen ether linkage.
- the amine is a tertiary-aliphatic primary amine.
- the aliphatic group generally an alkyl group, contains from about 4 to about 30, or from about 6 to about 24, or from about 8 to about 22 carbon atoms.
- Such amines are illustrated by t-butylamine, t-hexylamine, 1-methyl-1-amino-cyclohexane, t-octylamine, t-decylamine, t-dodecylamine, t-tetradecylamine, t-hexadecylamine, t-octadecylamine, t-tetracosanylamine, and t-octacosanylamine.
- the amine may be mixtures of tertiary aliphatic amines such as "Primene 81R” (a mixture of C11-C14 tertiary alkyl primary amines) and “Primene JMT” (a mixture of C18-C22 tertiary alkyl primary amines). These amines are available from Rohm and Haas Company.
- the tertiary aliphatic primary amine useful for the purposes of this invention and methods for their preparation are described in U.S. Pat. 2,945,749 .
- the amine may be a hydroxyamine.
- the hydroxyamines are primary, secondary, or tertiary alkanol amines or mixtures thereof.
- Such amines can be represented by the formulae: H2)N)R')OH, H(R'1)N)R')OH, and (R'1)2)N)R')OH, wherein each R'1 is independently a hydrocarbyl group having from 1 to about 8 carbon atoms or hydroxyhydrocarbyl group having from one to about eight carbon atoms, or from one to about four, and R' is a divalent hydrocarbyl group of about 2 to about 18 carbon atoms, or from 2 to about 4.
- R' can be an acyclic, alicyclic or aromatic group.
- R' is an acyclic straight or branched alkylene group, such as an ethylene, 1,2-propylene, 1,2-butylene, and 1,2-octadecylene groups.
- two R'1 groups are present in the same molecule they can be joined by a direct carbon-to-carbon bond or through a heteroatom (e.g., oxygen, nitrogen or sulfur) to form a 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-membered ring structure.
- N-(hydroxyhydrocarbyl) amines can be conveniently prepared by reaction of one or more of the epoxides described herein with afore-described amines and may be represented by the formulae: H2N)(R'O)x)H, H(R'1))N)(R'O)x)H, and (R'1)2)N)(R'O)x)H, wherein x is a number from about 2 to about 15 and R'1 and R' are as described above.
- R'1 may also be a hydroxypoly(hydrocarbyloxy) group.
- Useful hydroxyhydrocarbyl amines include 2-hydroxyethylhexylamine; 2-hydroxyethyloctylamine; 2-hydroxyethylpentadecylamine; 2-hydroxyethyloleylamine; 2-hydroxyethylsoyamine; bis(2-hydroxyethyl)hexylamine; bis(2-hydroxyethyl)oleylamine; and mixtures thereof.
- the amine may be a hydroxyhydrocarbyl amine.
- hydroxyhydrocarbyl amines are available from the Akzo Chemical Division of Akzona, Inc., Chicago, Illinois, under the general trade designations "Ethomeen” and "Propomeen.” Specific examples of such products include: Ethomeen C/15; Ethomeen C/20 and C/25; Ethomeen O/12; Ethomeen S/15 and S/20; Ethomeen T/12, T/15 and T/25; and Propomeen O/12.
- the amine is an alkylenepolyamine.
- Alkylenepolyamines are represented by the formula HR4N-(Alkylene-N)n-(R4)2, wherein each R4 is independently hydrogen; or an aliphatic or hydroxy-substituted aliphatic group of up to about 30 carbon atoms; n is a number from 1 to about 10, or from about 2 to about 7, or from about 2 to about 5; and the "Alkylene" group has from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms, or from about 2 to about 6, or from about 2 to about 4.
- R4 is defined the same as R'1 above.
- alkylenepolyamines include methylenepolyamines, ethylenepolyamines, butylenepolyamines, propylenepolyamines, and pentylenepolyamines.
- Specific examples of such polyamines are ethylenediamine, triethylenetetramine, tris-(2-aminoethyl)amine, propylenediamine, trimethylenediamine, tripropylenetetramine, triethylenetetriamine, tetraethylenepentamine, hexaethyleneheptamine, and pentaethylenehexamine.
- Higher homologs obtained by condensing two or more of the above-noted alkyleneamines are similarly useful as are mixtures of two or more of the aforedescribed polyamines.
- the polyamine is an ethylenepolyamine.
- ethylenepolyamine Such polyamines are described in detail under the heading Ethylene Amines in Kirk Othmer's "Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology," 2d Edition, Vol. 7, pages 22-37, Interscience Publishers, New York (1965 ).
- Ethylenepolyamines are often a complex mixture of polyalkylenepolyamines including cyclic condensation products.
- Other useful types of polyamine mixtures are those resulting from stripping of the above-described polyamine mixtures to leave, as residue, what is often termed "polyamine bottoms".
- alkylenepolyamine bottoms can be characterized as having less than 2%, usually less than 1% (by weight) material boiling below about 200°C.
- a typical sample of such ethylenepolyamine bottoms obtained from the Dow Chemical Company of Freeport, Texas designated "E-100" has a specific gravity at 15.6°C of 1.0168, a percent nitrogen by weight of 33.15 and a viscosity at 40°C of 121 centistokes. Gas chromatography analysis of such a sample contains about 0.93% "Light Ends” (most probably diethylenetriamine), 0.72% triethylenetetriamine, 21.74% tetraethylenepentamine and 76.61% pentaethylenehexamine and higher analogs.
- These alkylenepolyamine bottoms include cyclic condensation products such as piperazine and higher analogs of diethylenetriamine, and triethylenetetramine. These alkylenepolyamine bottoms may be reacted solely with the acylating agent or they may be used with other amines, polyamines, or mixtures thereof.
- Another useful polyamine is a condensation reaction between at least one hydroxy compound with at least one polyamine reactant containing at least one primary or secondary amino group.
- the hydroxy compounds include polyhydric alcohols and amines. The polyhydric alcohols are described below. In one embodiment, the hydroxy compounds are polyhydric amines.
- Polyhydric amines include any of the above-described monoamines reacted with an alkylene oxide (e.g., ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butylene oxide) having from two to about 20 carbon atoms, or from 2 to about 4.
- polyhydric amines examples include tri-(hydroxypropyl)amine, tris-(hydroxymethyl)amino methane, 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, N,N,N',N'-tetrakis (2-hydroxypropyl) ethylenediamine, and N,N,N',N'-tetrakis (2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine.
- Tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane (THAM) is particularly useful.
- Polyamines that may react with the polyhydric alcohol or amine to form the condensation products or condensed amines, are described above.
- Preferred polyamines include triethylenetetramine (TETA), tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA), pentaethylenehexamine (PEHA), and mixtures of polyamines such as the above-described "amine bottoms.”
- TETA triethylenetetramine
- TEPA tetraethylenepentamine
- PEHA pentaethylenehexamine
- the condensation reaction of the polyamine reactant with the hydroxy compound is conducted at an elevated temperature, usually from about 60°C to about 265°C, or from about 220°C to about 250°C in the presence of an acid catalyst.
- amine condensates and methods of making the same are described in PCT publication WO 86/05501 and U.S. Pat. 5,230,714 (Steckel ).
- a particularly useful amine condensate is prepared from HPA Taft Amines (amine bottoms available commercially from Union Carbide Co. with typically 34.1% by weight nitrogen and a nitrogen distribution of 12.3% by weight primary amine, 14.4% by weight secondary amine and 7.4% by weight tertiary amine), and tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane (THAM).
- the polyamines are polyoxyalkylene polyamines, e.g. polyoxyalkylene diamines and polyoxyalkylene triamines, having average molecular weights ranging from about 200 to about 4000, or from about 400 to about 2000.
- the polyoxyalkylene polyamines are commercially available and may be obtained, for example, from the Jefferson Chemical Company, Inc. under the trade name "Jeffamines D-230, D-400, D-1000, D-2000, T-403, etc.”
- U.S. Patents 3,804,763 and 3,948,800 disclose such polyoxyalkylene polyamines and acylated products made therefrom.
- the polyamines are hydroxy-containing polyamines.
- Hydroxy-containing polyamine analogs of hydroxy monoamines particularly alkoxylated alkylenepolyamines, e.g., N,N-(diethanol)ethylene diamines can also be used.
- Such polyamines can be made by reacting the above-described alkylene amines with one or more of the alkylene oxides described herein.
- Similar alkylene oxide-alkanol amine reaction products may also be used such as the products made by reacting the above described primary, secondary or tertiary alkanol amines with ethylene, propylene or higher epoxides in a 1.1 to 1.2 molar ratio.
- hydroxy-containing polyamines include N-(2-hydroxyethyl) ethylenediamine, N,N'-bis(2-hydroxyethyl)-ethylenediamine, 1-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine, mono(hydroxypropyl)-substituted tetraethylenepentamine, and N-(3-hydroxybutyl)-tetramethylene diamine.
- the polyamine is a heterocyclic polyamine.
- the heterocyclic polyamines include aziridines, azetidines, azolidines, tetra- and dihydropyridines, pyrroles, indoles, piperidines, imidazoles, di- and tetrahydroimidazoles, piperazines, isoindoles, purines, morpholines, thiomorpholines, N-aminoalkylmorpholines, N-aminoalkylthiomorpholines, N-aminoalkylpiperazines, N,N'-diaminoalkylpiperazines, azepines, azocines, azonines, anovanes and tetra-, di- and perhydro derivatives of each of the above and mixtures of two or more of these heterocyclic amines.
- the additive may be referred to as an anti-wear additive.
- Viscosity grades are used to describe the various categories of fluid viscosity as summarized in Table 1 below: Viscosity Limits of ISO VG Categories According to ISO 3448 Iso 3448 Typical Minimum Maximum Viscosity Viscosity Viscosity Viscosity Grades cSt @ 40°C cSt @ 40°C cSt @ 40°C ISO VG 15 15.0 13.5 16.5 ISO VG 22 22.0 19.8 24.2 ISO VG 32 32.0 28.8 35.2 ISO VG 46 46.0 41.4 50.6 ISO VG 68 68.0 61.2 74.8 ISO VG 100 100.0 90.0 110.0 ISO VG 150 150.0 135.0 165.0 ISO VG 220 220.0 198.0 242.0 ISO VG 320 320.0 288.0 352.0
- Air release performance may be measured by a number of tests, for example ASTM D3427, which measures air release from a lubricating oil at 50°C. Viscosity may be measured by a number of tests including ASTM D445 and DIN EN ISO 3104.
- the lubricating oil compositions comprising an oil of lubricating viscosity, an ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymer, as described herein, and an additive comprising an amine salt of a hydrocarbyl thiophosphoric acid ester, in particular wherein the additive is obtained by reacting a phosphorous sulfide with one or more alcohols having about 3 to about 13 carbon atoms to form a thiophosphoric acid ester, further reacting the thiophosphoric acid ester with an alkylene oxide to form a hydroxyl-substituted ester of thiophosphoric acid, and further reacting said hydroxyl-substituted ester of thiophosphoric acid with a phosphorous oxide to form a an acidic phosphoric acid intermediate, and salting said acidic phosphoric acid intermediate with one or more amines wherein said amines contain one or more hydrocarbyl groups having from 2 to 30 carbon atoms unexpectedly show improved air release properties
- compositions described herein in which the combination according to the invention may be used may include other performance additives or an industrial additive package, which may also be referred to as an industrial lubricant additive package.
- the compositions described herein are designed to be industrial lubricants, or additive packages for making the same.
- the present invention does not relate to automotive gear lubricants or other lubricating compositions.
- the industrial lubricant additive package includes a demulsifier, a dispersant, and a metal deactivator. Any combination of conventional additive packages designed for industrial application may be used.
- the additives which may be present in the industrial additive package include a foam inhibitor, a demulsifier, a pour point depressant, an antioxidant, a dispersant, a metal deactivator (such as a copper deactivator), an antiwear agent, an extreme pressure agent, a viscosity modifier, or some mixture thereof.
- the additives may each be present in the range from 50, 75, 100 or even 150 ppm up to 5, 4, 3, 2 or even 1.5 percent by weight, or from 75 ppm to 0.5 percent by weight, from 100 ppm to 0.4 percent by weight, or from 150 ppm to 0.3 percent by weight, where the percent by weight values are with regards to the overall lubricant composition.
- the overall industrial additive package is present from 1 to 20, or from 1 to 10 percent by weight of the overall lubricant composition.
- some additives, including viscosity modifying polymers, which may alternatively be considered as part of the base fluid, may be present in higher amounts including up to 30, 40, or even 50% by weight when considered separate from the base fluid.
- the additives may be used alone or as mixtures thereof.
- compositions described herein may also include antifoams, also known as foam inhibitors, which include but are not limited to organic silicones and non-silicon foam inhibitors.
- organic silicones include dimethyl silicone and polysiloxanes.
- non-silicon foam inhibitors include but are not limited to polyethers, polyacrylates and mixtures thereof as well as copolymers of ethyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexylacrylate, and optionally vinyl acetate.
- the antifoam is a polyacrylate.
- Antifoams may be present in the composition from 0.001 to 0.012 or 0.004 pbw or even 0.001 to 0.003 pbw.
- compositions described herein may also include demulsifiers, which include but are not limited to derivatives of propylene oxide, ethylene oxide, polyoxyalkylene alcohols, alkyl amines, amino alcohols, diamines or polyamines reacted sequentially with ethylene oxide or substituted ethylene oxides or mixtures thereof.
- demulsifiers include polyethylene glycols, polyethylene oxides, polypropylene oxides, (ethylene oxide-propylene oxide) polymers and mixtures thereof.
- the demulsifiers are polyethers. Demulsifiers may be present in the composition from 0.002 to 0. 2 pbw.
- compositions described herein may also include pour point depressants, which include but are not limited to esters of maleic anhydride-styrene copolymers, polymethacrylates; polyacrylates; polyacrylamides; condensation products of haloparaffin waxes and aromatic compounds; vinyl carboxylate polymers; and terpolymers of dialkyl fumarates, vinyl esters of fatty acids, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, alkyl phenol formaldehyde condensation resins, alkyl vinyl ethers and mixtures thereof.
- pour point depressants include but are not limited to esters of maleic anhydride-styrene copolymers, polymethacrylates; polyacrylates; polyacrylamides; condensation products of haloparaffin waxes and aromatic compounds; vinyl carboxylate polymers; and terpolymers of dialkyl fumarates, vinyl esters of fatty acids, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers, alkyl phenol formaldeh
- compositions described herein may also include a rust inhibitor, other than some of the additives described above.
- Suitable rust inhibitors include hydrocarbyl amine salts of dialkyldithiophosphoric acid, hydrocarbyl amine salts of hydrocarbyl arenesulphonic acid, fatty carboxylic acids or esters thereof, an ester of a nitrogen-containing carboxylic acid, an ammonium sulfonate, an imidazoline, mono-thio phosphate salts or esters, or any combination thereof; or mixtures thereof.
- hydrocarbyl amine salts of dialkyldithiophosphoric acid include but are not limited to those described above, as well as the reaction product(s) of diheptyl or dioctyl or dinonyl dithiophosphoric acids with ethylenediamine, morpholine or Primene TM 81R or mixtures thereof.
- Suitable hydrocarbyl amine salts of hydrocarbyl arenesulphonic acids used in the rust inhibitor package are represented by the formula: wherein Cy is a benzene or naphthalene ring.
- R 1 is a hydrocarbyl group with about 4 to about 30, preferably about 6 to about 25, more preferably about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms.
- z is independently 1, 2, 3, or 4 and most preferably z is 1 or 2.
- R 2 , R 3 and R 4 are the same as described above.
- hydrocarbyl amine salts of hydrocarbyl arenesulphonic acid include but are not limited to the ethylenediamine salt of dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid.
- suitable fatty carboxylic acids or esters thereof include glycerol monooleate and oleic acid.
- An example of a suitable ester of a nitrogen-containing carboxylic acid includes oleyl sarcosine.
- the rust inhibitors may be present in the range from 0.02 to 0.2, from 0.03 to 0.15, from 0.04 to 0.12, or from 0.05 to 0.1 percent by weight of the lubricating oil composition.
- the rust inhibitors may be used alone or in mixtures thereof.
- compositions described herein may also include a metal deactivator.
- Metal deactivators are used to neutralise the catalytic effect of metal for promoting oxidation in lubricating oil.
- Suitable metal deactivators include but are not limited to triazoles, tolyltriazoles, a thiadiazole, or combinations thereof, as well as derivatives thereof.
- Examples include derivatives of benzotriazoles other than those described above, benzimidazole, 2-alkyldithiobenzimidazoles, 2-alkyldithiobenzothiazoles, 2-(N,N'-dialkyldithio-carbamoyl)benzothiazoles, 2,5-bis(alkyl-dithio)-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, 2,5-bis(N,N'-dialkyldithiocarbamoyl)-1,3,4-thiadiazoles, 2-alkyldithio-5-mercapto thiadiazoles or mixtures thereof.
- These additives may be used from 0.01 to 0.25 percent by weight in the overall composition.
- the metal deactivator is a hydrocarbyl substituted benzotriazole compound.
- the benzotriazole compounds with hydrocarbyl substitutions include at least one of the following ring positions 1- or 2- or 4- or 5- or 6- or 7- benzotriazoles.
- the hydrocarbyl groups contain about 1 to about 30, preferably about 1 to about 15, more preferably about 1 to about 7 carbon atoms, and most preferably the metal deactivator is 5-methylbenzotriazole used alone or mixtures thereof.
- the metal deactivators may be present in the range from 0.001 to 0.5, from 0.01 to 0.04 or from 0.015 to 0.03 pbw of the lubricating oil composition. Metal deactivators may also be present in the composition from 0.002 or 0.004 to 0.02 pbw. The metal deactivator may be used alone or mixtures thereof.
- compositions described herein may also include antioxidants, including (i) an alkylated diphenylamine, and (ii) a substituted hydrocarbyl mono-sulfide.
- the alkylated diphenylamines are bis-nonylated diphenylamine and bis-octylated diphenylamine.
- the substituted hydrocarbyl monosulfides include n-dodecyl-2-hydroxyethyl sulfide, 1-(tert-dodecylthio)-2-propanol, or combinations thereof.
- the substituted hydrocarbyl monosulfide is 1-(tert-dodecylthio)-2-propanol.
- the antioxidant package may also include sterically hindered phenols.
- suitable hydrocarbyl groups for the sterically hindered phenols include but are not limited to 2-ethylhexyl or n-butyl ester, dodecyl or mixtures thereof.
- methylene-bridged sterically hindered phenols include but are not limited to 4,4'-methylene-bis(6-tert-butyl o-cresol), 4,4'-methylene-bis(2-tert-amyl-o-cresol), 2,2'-methylene-bis(4-methyl-6-tert-butylphenol), 4,4'-methylene-bis(2,6-di-tertbutylphenol) or mixtures thereof.
- compositions described herein may also include nitrogen-containing dispersants, for example a hydrocarbyl substituted nitrogen containing additive.
- Suitable hydrocarbyl substituted nitrogen containing additives include ashless dispersants and polymeric dispersants. Ashless dispersants are so-named because, as supplied, they do not contain metal and thus do not normally contribute to sulfated ash when added to a lubricant. However they may, of course, interact with ambient metals once they are added to a lubricant which includes metal-containing species. Ashless dispersants are characterized by a polar group attached to a relatively high molecular weight hydrocarbon chain. Examples of such materials include succinimide dispersants, Mannich dispersants, and borated derivatives thereof.
- compositions described herein may also include sulfur-containing compounds.
- Suitable sulfur-containing compounds include sulfurized olefins and polysulfides.
- the sulfurized olefin or polysulfides may be derived from isobutylene, butylene, propylene, ethylene, or some combination thereof.
- the sulfur-containing compound is a sulfurized olefin derived from any of the natural oils or synthetic oils described above, or even some combination thereof.
- the sulfurized olefin may be derived from vegetable oil.
- compositions described herein may also include a phosphorus containing compound, such as a fatty phosphite.
- the phosphorus containing compound can include a hydrocarbyl phosphite, a phosphoric acid ester, an amine salt of a phosphoric acid ester, or any combination thereof.
- the phosphorus containing compound includes a hydrocarbyl phosphite, an ester thereof, or a combination thereof.
- the phosphorus containing compound includes a hydrocarbyl phosphite.
- the hydrocarbyl phosphite is an alkyl phosphite.
- alkyl it is meant an alkyl group containing only carbon and hydrogen atoms, however either saturated or unsaturated alkyl groups are contemplated or mixtures thereof.
- the phosphorus containing compound includes an alkyl phosphite that has a fully saturated alkyl group.
- the phosphorus containing compound includes an alkyl phosphite that has an alkyl group with some unsaturation, for example, one double bond between carbon atoms.
- unsaturated alkyl groups may also be referred to as alkenyl groups, but are included within the term "alkyl group" as used herein unless otherwise noted.
- the phosphorus containing compound includes an alkyl phosphite, a phosphoric acid ester, an amine salt of a phosphoric acid ester, or any combination thereof. In some embodiments the phosphorus containing compound includes an alkyl phosphite, an ester thereof, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments the phosphorus containing compound includes an alkyl phosphite. In some embodiments the phosphorus containing compound includes an alkenyl phosphite, a phosphoric acid ester, an amine salt of a phosphoric acid ester, or any combination thereof.
- the phosphorus containing compound includes an alkenyl phosphite, an ester thereof, or a combination thereof. In some embodiments the phosphorus containing compound includes an alkenyl phosphite. In some embodiments the phosphorus containing compound includes dialkyl hydrogen phosphites. In some embodiments the phosphorus-containing compound is essentially free of, or even completely free of, phosphoric acid esters and/or amine salts thereof. In some embodiments the phosphorus-containing compound may be described as a fatty phosphite. Suitable phosphites include those having at least one hydrocarbyl group with 4 or more, or 8 or more, or 12 or more, carbon atoms.
- Typical ranges for the number of carbon atoms on the hydrocarbyl group include 8 to 30, or 10 to 24, or 12 to 22, or 14 to 20, or 16 to 18.
- the phosphite may be a mono-hydrocarbyl substituted phosphite, a dihydrocarbyl substituted phosphite, or a tri-hydrocarbyl substituted phosphite.
- the phosphite is sulphur-free, i.e., the phosphite is not a thiophosphite.
- the phosphite having at least one hydrocarbyl group with 4 or more carbon atoms may be represented by the formulae: wherein at least one of R 6 , R 7 and R 8 may be a hydrocarbyl group containing at least 4 carbon atoms and the other may be hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group. In one embodiment R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are all hydrocarbyl groups.
- the hydrocarbyl groups may be alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, acyclic or mixtures thereof.
- the compound may be a tri-hydrocarbyl substituted phosphite i.e., R 6 , R 7 and R 8 are all hydrocarbyl groups and in some embodiments may be alkyl groups.
- the alkyl groups may be linear or branched, typically linear, and saturated or unsaturated, typically saturated.
- alkyl groups for R 6 , R 7 and R 8 include octyl, 2-ethylhexyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, tridecyl, tetradecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, heptadecyl, octadecyl, octadecenyl, nonadecyl, eicosyl or mixtures thereof.
- the fatty phosphite component, and/or the composition overall is essentially free of, or even completely free of phosphoric acid ester and/or amine salts thereof.
- the fatty phosphite comprises an alkenyl phosphite or esters thereof, for example esters of dimethyl hydrogen phosphite.
- the dimethyl hydrogen phosphite may be esterified, and in some embodiments transesterified, by reaction with an alcohol, for example oleyl alcohol.
- compositions described herein may also include one or more phosphorous amine salts, but in amounts such that the additive package, or in other embodiments the resulting industrial lubricant compositions, contains no more than 1.0 percent by weight of such materials, or even no more than 0.75 or 0.6 percent by weight.
- the industrial lubricant additive packages, or the resulting industrial lubricant compositions are essentially free of or even completely free of phosphorous amine salts.
- compositions described herein may also include one or more antiwear additives and/or extreme pressure agents, one or more rust and/or corrosion inhibitors, one or more foam inhibitors, one or more demulsifiers, or any combination thereof.
- the industrial gear lubricant additive packages, or the resulting industrial gear lubricant compositions are essentially free of or even completely free of phosphorous amine salts, dispersants, or both.
- the industrial lubricant additive packages, or the resulting industrial lubricant compositions include a demulsifier, a corrosion inhibitor, a friction modifier, or combination of two or more thereof.
- the corrosion inhibitor includes a tolyltriazole.
- the industrial additive packages, or the resulting industrial lubricant compositions include one or more sulfurized olefins or polysulfides; one or more phosphorus amine salts; one or more thiophosphate esters, one or more thiadiazoles, tolyltriazoles, polyethers, and/or alkenyl amines; one or more ester copolymers; one or more carboxylic esters; one or more succinimide dispersants, or any combination thereof.
- the industrial lubricant additive package may be present in the overall industrial lubricant from 1 to 5 percent by weight, or in other embodiments from 1, 1.5, or even 2 percent by weight up to 2, 3, 4, 5, 7 or even 10 percent by weight.
- Amounts of the industrial gear additive package that may be present in the industrial gear concentrate compositions described herein are the corresponding amounts to the weight percent above, where the values are considered without the oil present (i.e. they may be treated as pbw values along with the actual amount of oil present).
- compositions described herein may also include a derivative of a hydroxy-carboxylic acid.
- Suitable acids may include from 1 to 5 or 2 carboxy groups or from 1 to 5 or 2 hydroxy groups.
- the friction modifier is derivable from a hydroxy-carboxylic acid represented by the formula: wherein: a and b may be independently integers of 1 to 5, or 1 to 2; X may be an aliphatic or alicyclic group, or an aliphatic or alicyclic group containing an oxygen atom in the carbon chain, or a substituted group of the foregoing types, said group containing up to 6 carbon atoms and having a+b available points of attachment; each Y may be independently -O-, >NH, or >NR 3 or two Y's together representing the nitrogen of an imide structure R 4 -N ⁇ formed between two carbonyl groups; and each R 3 and R 4 may be independently hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, provided that at least one R 1 and R 3 group may be a hydro
- the hydroxy-carboxylic acid is reacted with an alcohol and/or an amine, via a condensation reaction, forming the derivative of a hydroxy-carboxylic acid, which may also be referred to herein as a friction modifier additive.
- the hydroxy-carboxylic acid used in the preparation of the derivative of a hydroxy-carboxylic acid is represented by the formula: wherein each R 5 is independently H or a hydrocarbyl group, or wherein the R 5 groups together form a ring.
- the condensation product is optionally further functionalized by acylation or reaction with a boron compound.
- the friction modifier is not borated.
- the hydroxy-carboxylic acid may be tartaric acid, citric acid, or combinations thereof, and may also be a reactive equivalent of such acids (including esters, acid halides, or anhydrides).
- the resulting friction modifiers may include imide, di-ester, di-amide, or ester-amide derivatives of tartaric acid, citric acid, or mixtures thereof.
- the derivative of hydroxycarboxylic acid includes an imide, a di-ester, a di-amide, an imide amide, an imide ester or an ester-amide derivative of tartaric acid or citric acid.
- the derivative of hydroxycarboxylic acid includes an imide, a di-ester, a di-amide, an imide amide, an imide ester or an ester-amide derivative of tartaric acid. In one embodiment the derivative of hydroxycarboxylic acid includes an ester derivative of tartaric acid. In one embodiment the derivative of hydroxycarboxylic acid includes an imide and/or amide derivative of tartaric acid.
- the amines used in the preparation of the friction modifier may have the formula RR'NH wherein R and R' each independently represent H, a hydrocarbon-based radical of 1 or 8 to 30 or 150 carbon atoms, that is, 1 to 150 or 8 to 30 or 1 to 30 or 8 to 150 atoms.
- Amines having a range of carbon atoms with a lower limit of 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, or 12 carbon atoms and an upper limit of 120, 80, 48, 24, 20, 18, or 16 carbon atoms may also be used.
- each of the groups R and R' has 8 or 6 to 30 or 12 carbon atoms.
- the sum of carbon atoms in R and R' is at least 8.
- R and R' may be linear or branched.
- the alcohols useful for preparing the friction modifier will similarly contain 1 or 8 to 30 or 150 carbon atoms. Alcohols having a range of carbon atoms from a lower limit of 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, or 12 carbon atoms and an upper limit of 120, 80, 48, 24, 20, 18, or 16 carbon atoms may also be used.
- the number of carbon atoms in the alcohol-derived group may be 8 to 24, 10 to 18, 12 to 16, or 13 carbon atoms.
- the alcohols and amines may be linear or branched, and, if branched, the branching may occur at any point in the chain and the branching may be of any length.
- the alcohols and/or amines used include branched compounds, and in still other embodiments, the alcohols and amines used are at least 50%, 75% or even 80% branched. In other embodiments the alcohols are linear. In some embodiments, the alcohol and/or amine have at least 6 carbon atoms.
- the product prepared from branched alcohols and/or amines of at least 6 carbon atoms may be employed, either as single materials or as mixtures.
- Specific examples include 2-ethylhexanol and isotridecyl alcohol, the latter of which may represent a commercial grade mixture of various isomers.
- the product prepared from linear alcohols of at least 6 carbon atoms for instance, linear C 6-18 or C 8-18 alcohols or linear C 12-16 alcohols, may be employed, either as single materials or as mixtures.
- the tartaric acid used for preparing the tartrates, tartrimides, or tartramides described herein can be the commercially available type (obtained from Sargent Welch), and it exists in one or more isomeric forms such as d- tartaric acid, l -tartaric acid, d,l -tartaric acid or meso-tartaric acid, often depending on the source (natural) or method of synthesis (e.g. from maleic acid). These derivatives can also be prepared from functional equivalents to the diacid readily apparent to those skilled in the art, such as esters, acid chlorides, anhydrides, etc.
- the friction modifier includes glycerol monooleate.
- the additive package includes one or more corrosion inhibitors, one or more dispersants, one or more antiwear and/or extreme pressure additives, one or more extreme pressure agents, one or more antifoam agents, one or more detergents, and optionally some amount of base oil or similar solvent as a diluent.
- the additive package includes at least one friction modifier and at least one demulsifier, and optionally one or more additional additives may be present as well.
- the additional additives may be present in the overall industrial gear lubricant composition from 0.1 to 30 percent by weight, or from a minimum level of 0.1, 1 or even 2 percent by weight up to a maximum of 30, 20, 10, 5, or even 2 percent by weight, or from 0.1 to 30, from 0.1 to 20, from 1 to 20, from 1 to 10, from 1 to 5, or even about 2 percent by weight. These ranges and limits may be applied to each individual additional additive present in the composition, or to all of the additional additives present.
- a lubricant composition may be prepared by adding the ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymer and the additive comprising an amine salt of a hydrocarbyl thiophosphoric acid ester to an oil of lubricating viscosity, optionally in the presence of an industrial additive package (as described herein).
- the an additive comprising an amine salt of a hydrocarbyl thiophosphoric acid ester for example, an additive obtained by reacting a phosphorous sulfide with one or more alcohols having about 3 to about 13 carbon atoms to form a thiophosphoric acid ester, further reacting the thiophosphoric acid ester with an alkylene oxide to form a hydroxyl-substituted ester of thiophosphoric acid, and further reacting said hydroxyl-substituted ester of thiophosphoric acid with a phosphorous oxide to form an acidic phosphoric acid intermediate, and salting said acidic phosphoric acid intermediate with one or more amines wherein said amines contain one or more hydrocarbyl groups having from 2 to 30 carbon atoms acts as the antiwear agent in the lubricating oil composition described herein.
- the lubricating oil composition described herein may comprise an addive comprising an amine salt of a hydrocarbyl thiophosphor
- the invention provides the use of the combination described herein to improve the ability of an oil of lubricating viscosity to release entrapped air. Also described are methods for improving air release in industrial gear lubricant compositions.
- the industrial lubricant compositions are industrial gear lubricant compositions.
- the various ranges for the components described above can be applied to concentrate compositions by maintaining the same relative ratios between the ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymer and the additive comprising an amine salt of a hydrocarbyl thiophosphoric acid ester, while adjustment the amount of the oil of lubricating viscosity, (that is the amount of the oil of lubricating viscosity will be much lower in a concentrate composition compared to a lubricant composition).
- the percent by weight values for the ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymer and the additive comprising an amine salt of a hydrocarbyl thiophosphoric acid ester may be treated as parts by weight (pbw), with oil making up the balance of the concentrate composition, including anywhere from 0 or 0.1 or 0.5 or even 1 pbw up to 10, 20, 30 or even 40 or 50 pbw oil and/or base fluid.
- each chemical component described is presented exclusive of any solvent or diluent oil, which may be customarily present in the commercial material, that is, on an active chemical basis, unless otherwise indicated.
- each chemical or composition referred to herein should be interpreted as being a commercial grade material which may contain the isomers, by-products, derivatives, and other such materials which are normally understood to be present in the commercial grade.
- the lubricant composition is an industrial gear oil.
- the industrial gear oil may be a Group I, Group II or Group III basestock as defined by the American Petroleum Institute.
- the metal working oil may be mixed with Group IV or Group V basestock.
- the lubricating oil composition contains about 2% to about 17% by weight, for example, about 5% to about 17% or about 5% to about 11% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition of a ethylene/ ⁇ -olefin copolymer and about 0.04% to about 0.20%, for example, about 0.04 to about 0.15% or even about 0.10% to about 0.15% by weight, based on the total weight of the lubricating oil composition of an additive comprising an an amine salt of a hydrocarbyl thiophosphoric acid ester.
- the lubricating composition of the present invention releases all entrapped air in about 25 minutes or less as measured by ASTM D3427 at 50°C. In another embodiment, the lubricating composition of the present invention releases all entrapped air from the lubricating composition in about 18 minutes or less as measured by ASTM D3427 at 50°C.
- each chemical or composition referred to herein should be interpreted as being a commercial grade material which may contain the isomers, by-products, derivatives, and other such materials which are normally understood to be present in the commercial grade.
- the amount of each chemical component is presented exclusive of any solvent or diluent oil, which may be customarily present in the commercial material, unless otherwise indicated. It is to be understood that the upper and lower amount, range, and ratio limits set forth herein may be independently combined. Similarly, the ranges and amounts for each element of the invention may be used together with ranges or amounts for any of the other elements.
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Claims (7)
- Verwendung einer Kombination aus 2 bis 17 Gew.-% eines Ethylen/α-Olefin-Copolymers und 0,04 bis 0,2 Gew.-% eines Hilfstoffs, umfassend ein Aminsalz eines Hydrocarbylthiophosphorsäureesters, um die Fähigkeit eines Öls mit Schmierviskosität zu verbessern, um eingeschlossene Luft zu befreien.
- Verwendung einer Kombination aus einem Ethylen/α-Olefin-Copolymer und einem Hilfsstoff, umfassend ein Aminsalz eines Hydrocarbylthiophosphorsäureesters nach Anspruch 1, wobei der Hilfsstoff, umfassend ein Aminsalz eines Hydrocarbylthiophosphorsäureesters, durch Umsetzen von einem Phosphorsulfid mit einem oder mehreren Alkoholen erhalten wird, die etwa 3 bis etwa 13 Kohlenstoffatome aufweisen, um einen Thiophosphorsäureester auszubilden, ferner Umsetzen des Thiophosphorsäureesters mit einem Alkylenoxid, um einen Hydroxyl-substituierten Ester von Thiophosphorsäure auszubilden, und ferner Umsetzen des Hydroxyl-substituierten Esters von Thiophosphorsäure mit einem Phosphoroxid, um ein saures Phosphorsäurezwischenprodukt auszubilden, und Salzen des sauren Phosphorsäurezwischenprodukts mit einem oder mehreren Aminen, wobei die Amine eine oder mehrere Hydrocarbylgruppen enthalten, die von 2 bis 30 Kohlenstoffatome aufweisen.
- Verwendung einer Kombination aus einem Ethylen/α-Olefin-Copolymer und einem Hilfsstoff, umfassend ein Aminsalz eines Hydrocarbylthiophosphorsäureesters nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, wobei das Ethylen/α-Olefin-Copolymer Ethylenmonomereinheiten und eine oder mehrere α-Olefinmonomereinheiten anders als ein Ethylenmonomer umfasst, wobei die Menge an Ethylenmonomereinheiten über 5 Gew.-% liegt, wobei die α-Olefinmonomereinheiten 3 bis 20, oder 3 bis 6, oder 3 bis 4, oder 3 Kohlenstoffatome oder Mischungen davon enthalten.
- Verwendung einer Kombination aus einem Ethylen/α-Olefin-Copolymer und einem Hilfsstoff, umfassend ein Aminsalz eines Hydrocarbylthiophosphorsäureesters nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei die α-Olefinmonomereinheiten des Ethylen/α-Olefin-Copolymers Propyleneinheiten und Monomereinheiten umfassen, die 4 bis 20 Kohlenstoffatome enthalten.
- Verwendung einer Kombination aus einem Ethylen/α-Olefin-Copolymer und einem Hilfsstoff, umfassend ein Aminsalz eines Hydrocarbylthiophosphorsäureesters nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei das Ethylen/α-Olefin-Copolymer eine kinematische Viskosität bei 100 °C von mindestens 35 mm2/s oder mindestens 500 mm2/s aufweist.
- Verwendung einer Kombination aus einem Ethylen/α-Olefin-Copolymer und einem Hilfsstoff, umfassend ein Aminsalz eines Hydrocarbylthiophosphorsäureesters nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei die Schmierölzusammensetzung 5 bis 17 Gew.-% des Ethylen/α-Olefin-Copolymers umfasst.
- Verwendung einer Kombination aus einem Ethylen/α-Olefin-Copolymer und einem Hilfsstoff, umfassend ein Aminsalz eines Hydrocarbylthiophosphorsäureesters nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei die Schmierölzusammensetzung 0,10 bis 0,15 Gew.-% des Hilfsstoffs umfasst, umfassend ein Aminsalz eines Hydrocarbylthiophosphorsäureesters.
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US4755311A (en) | 1986-08-14 | 1988-07-05 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Phosphorus-, sulfur- and boron-containing compositions, and lubricant and functional fluid compositions containing same |
US5254272A (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1993-10-19 | Ethyl Petroleum Additives Limited | Lubricant compositions with metal-free antiwear or load-carrying additives and amino succinate esters |
AU710294B2 (en) * | 1995-09-12 | 1999-09-16 | Lubrizol Corporation, The | Lubrication fluids for reduced air entrainment and improved gear protection |
US20070142248A1 (en) * | 2005-11-09 | 2007-06-21 | Degonla David J | Lubricant composition |
CN101583702B (zh) * | 2006-12-21 | 2013-11-13 | 卢布里佐尔公司 | 用于氢燃料发动机的润滑剂 |
KR101496484B1 (ko) | 2007-05-24 | 2015-03-09 | 더루우브리졸코오포레이션 | 하이드록시폴리카르복시산 유도체 및 몰리브덴 화합물을 기반으로 하는 무회분 내마모제를 함유하는 윤활 조성물 |
JP5475981B2 (ja) * | 2007-12-12 | 2014-04-16 | 昭和シェル石油株式会社 | 潤滑油組成物 |
JP5502356B2 (ja) * | 2009-03-27 | 2014-05-28 | 出光興産株式会社 | ギヤ油組成物 |
EP2675875B1 (de) * | 2011-02-16 | 2017-09-13 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Schmierstoffzusammensetzung für einen antriebsstrang |
FR2984348B1 (fr) * | 2011-12-16 | 2015-02-27 | Total Raffinage Marketing | Compositions lubrifiantes pour transmissions |
CN102676282B (zh) * | 2012-03-22 | 2013-08-14 | 东昊石油集团有限公司 | Amt自动变速器专用油 |
WO2014047017A1 (en) * | 2012-09-24 | 2014-03-27 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Lubricant comprising a mixture of an olefin-ester copolymer with an ethylene alpha-olefin copolymer |
CN104194889A (zh) * | 2014-08-30 | 2014-12-10 | 广西大学 | 一种开式齿轮润滑脂组合物 |
CN104962363A (zh) * | 2015-07-20 | 2015-10-07 | 广西大学 | 钽丝拉拔润滑剂组合物 |
-
2017
- 2017-02-20 WO PCT/US2017/018587 patent/WO2017151334A1/en active Application Filing
- 2017-02-20 EP EP17708135.3A patent/EP3423554B1/de active Active
- 2017-02-20 CA CA3016139A patent/CA3016139A1/en active Pending
- 2017-02-20 US US16/081,160 patent/US20190062666A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2017-02-20 CN CN201780026701.4A patent/CN109072122B/zh active Active
-
2020
- 2020-06-18 US US16/904,658 patent/US20200318027A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN109072122B (zh) | 2022-03-04 |
WO2017151334A1 (en) | 2017-09-08 |
US20190062666A1 (en) | 2019-02-28 |
CN109072122A (zh) | 2018-12-21 |
EP3423554A1 (de) | 2019-01-09 |
US20200318027A1 (en) | 2020-10-08 |
CA3016139A1 (en) | 2017-09-08 |
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