EP3417109A1 - Paving element - Google Patents
Paving elementInfo
- Publication number
- EP3417109A1 EP3417109A1 EP17710066.6A EP17710066A EP3417109A1 EP 3417109 A1 EP3417109 A1 EP 3417109A1 EP 17710066 A EP17710066 A EP 17710066A EP 3417109 A1 EP3417109 A1 EP 3417109A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- paving
- recesses
- paving element
- foregoing
- recess
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 36
- 239000011358 absorbing material Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 239000010426 asphalt Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000011465 paving brick Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011384 asphalt concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000005802 health problem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011796 hollow space material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002045 lasting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C3/00—Foundations for pavings
- E01C3/006—Foundations for pavings made of prefabricated single units
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C1/00—Design or layout of roads, e.g. for noise abatement, for gas absorption
- E01C1/002—Design or lay-out of roads, e.g. street systems, cross-sections ; Design for noise abatement, e.g. sunken road
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
- E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
- E01C5/00—Pavings made of prefabricated single units
Definitions
- the invention relates to a block-like, sound-absorbing paving element, to a paving comprising a number of such paving elements and to a method for arranging such paving elements on a ground surface.
- Road traffic noise as a result of motor vehicles such as cars, trucks, motorbikes and the like generally comprises the following components: rolling noise resulting from wheels rolling over the road surface, engine noise resulting from operation of the engines of the passing vehicles, and noise resulting from the interaction between the moving vehicles and the air.
- paving elements are not sound-absorbing, and the drawback of using paving elements is therefore that they cause a relatively large amount of noise.
- the paving elements cause a relatively large amount of rolling noise because they are placed relatively far apart and the tyres can easily hit the edges of the paving elements and/or because the paving elements are made of acoustically hard material and therefore strongly reflect the rolling noise, the remaining traffic noise is also reflected by the hard surface of the paving elements and causes noise nuisance in the area.
- a number of acoustic resonators in the upper surface of the paving elements (i.e. the surface over which the traffic travels), with the object of partially absorbing the sound incident on the upper surface.
- These resonators could at the very least reduce the noise which finds its way into the surrounding area from the engine, from the rolling noise and from the interaction with the air.
- a drawback of such a solution would however be that precipitation which has found its way into the resonators, for instance as a result of rain, wholly or partially eliminates the sound-absorbing effect of the resonators.
- the road surface will therefore absorb little or no sound during or immediately after a downpour of rain.
- the paving element could also be possible to make the paving element of a water-permeable or porous material. Such material however tends to become soiled eventually, this reducing the water- draining effect. A water-permeable paving element is further less robust. Such paving elements can cause problems, certainly during frost and thaw. It is thus recommended to use a non-porous material. A drawback of using non-porous material is that it could only absorb sound if use is made of cavities (i.e. hollow portions) in which acoustic resonance occurs.
- DE 10 2004 017 534 Al describes a system of concrete block-like paving bricks which can be employed as paving of a verge adjacently of a road.
- the paving bricks can be mutually coupled via connecting means in the form of an upright protrusion and upright recesses.
- Each of the paving bricks comprises a number of openings arranged in a side surface and running all the way from the underside of the paving brick to the upper side thereof in order to enable plants to take root therein.
- These recesses are not dimensioned to absorb sound incident on the upper surface. All the openings are further of equal length, i.e. not suitable for absorbing the incident sound in different frequency ranges and thus in a relatively wide frequency range (for instance consisting of a number of overlapping frequency ranges).
- the invention has for its object to provide a paving element wherein at least one of the stated and/or other drawbacks is at least partially obviated.
- a block-like sound-absorbing paving element comprising:
- recesses are provided in one or more of the side surfaces.
- the recesses are configured to be able to form resonators with which the incident sound can be absorbed. Because the resonators have different depths and/or shapes, the sound can be absorbed over a relatively wide frequency spectrum. Because the recesses are further arranged in one or more side surfaces, water which has found its way into a recess can flow out via the underside of the recess and the intermediate space between adjoining paving elements. This means that the recesses will empty quickly and the absorbing effect is not affected, or hardly so (and only for a very short period of time).
- the paving element comprises a first side and a second side (opposite side or adjoining side), wherein one or more recesses in the first side extend at peripheral positions differing from the peripheral positions at which the one or more recesses in the second side extend.
- the positioning of the recesses is such that when the first side of a first paving element and a second side of a second paving element are placed opposite each other during use, the recesses of the first paving element lie at different peripheral positions than the recesses in the second paving element. This achieves that two recesses of different paving elements will never connect (this is because the porosity is twice as great when two recesses of the same depth are placed opposite each other), so that the porosity always has the predetermined correct value. An optimal absorption is in this way achieved.
- the paving elements such that the recesses of adjoining paving elements do lie precisely opposite each other.
- Each of the recesses must then be half the size of the recess in the above stated embodiments in order to together form a recess of the desired dimensions.
- the porosity can also have the predetermined correct value. It is important that the recesses of adjoining paving elements always lie at predetermined, fixed positions relative to each other when the paving elements are arranged on the ground, and that these fixed relative positions are taken into account in the dimensioning of the recesses.
- the recess in a side surface is further preferably wholly or partially open on the side.
- the side of an adjoining paving element lies opposite this open side of the recess.
- Said side of the other paving element preferably takes a flat form at the position of the recess in the original paving element.
- a resonator is constructed from the side of the recess, for instance a curved side in the case of a tubular or even cylindrical recess, in a side of the one paving element, and the flat side of the other paving element.
- the resonator is however preferably open to some extent on the underside, or a water-permeable joint filler is applied, so that there is always the possibility of discharging water.
- one or more side surfaces however take a form with a curved (for instance a sinusoidal), stepped or other form of profile.
- a curved for instance a sinusoidal
- the resonators can be formed in similar manner as in the case of flat sides.
- the thus formed resonators are so-called 1 ⁇ 4-wavelength resonators.
- the walls and bottom of these resonators are manufactured from acoustically hard (non-absorbing) material, and absorption material is preferably not arranged in the space of the resonator either.
- the resonators are however partially or wholly provided with acoustically absorbing material. This material is moreover water-permeable so that precipitation which has found its way into the recess can be discharged quickly.
- filling strips of water-permeable and acoustically absorbing material for instance in the form of needle felt strips of PP and PE, are arranged in the intermediate spaces between the paving elements.
- the recess extends substantially from the (upper) side to be driven over to the underside of the paving element to be placed on the ground.
- the recess can more particularly extend substantially parallel to the relevant side surface, for instance upright or obliquely in the plane of the element.
- a recess can particularly extend from the upper surface to a position between the upper surface and lower surface. The recess then thus has both a side wall and a bottom formed by the material from which the paving element is constructed.
- the bottoms of different recesses can be situated at different distances relative to the upper surface in order to create resonators of different depths.
- resonators are placed at positions other than in the sides of the paving elements, for instance somewhere in the upper surface at a distance from a side surface. In practice, such resonators would have few or no absorbing properties when filled, for instance with precipitation. It is however advantageous in some cases to arrange resonators which run through the whole of the paving element at a position other than on the sides. Such resonators then drain through the paving element, but resonate at a resonance frequency at which the corresponding wavelength is roughly equal to four times the overall thickness of the brick. In other embodiments resonators are however wholly absent at positions other than in the sides. In these embodiments the recesses are provided only in side surfaces.
- At least one recess is in each case arranged in each of two opposite side surfaces, this preferably at different positions.
- the paving element is preferably partially or wholly manufactured from acoustically hard material.
- This material is generally also structurally robust, so that relatively little wear occurs.
- Examples of acoustically and structurally hard material are concrete, brick, hard plastic and the like.
- a material can for instance be referred to as acoustically hard when the absorption coefficient of the material (without the resonators described herein) is smaller than 0.4, preferably smaller than 0.1 and still more preferably smaller than 0.05 in the relevant frequency ranges.
- the block-like paving element can take different geometric forms.
- all side surfaces have a rectangular shape (rectangular block).
- the block forms a three-dimensional body whose angles are all right angles. Non-right angles also occur in other embodiments, such as an embodiment with more or fewer side surfaces than the four side surfaces of the rectangular block.
- the porosity of the recesses defined as the cumulative surface area of the upper outer ends of the recesses of equal form and equal volume (for instance equal depth of a cylindrical tube) divided by the overall surface area of the upper surface, is a maximum of 5%, preferably a maximum of 2% and still more preferably a maximum of 1%.
- Said porosity values apply to recesses which are free of acoustically absorbing material. If acoustically absorbing material is arranged in the recesses, these values generally differ.
- the depth/height of the recesses preferably amounts to 52, 56, 60, 64, 69, 74, 80, 87, 94 and 100 mm in order to optimally absorb sound in a frequency range of 750 Hz to 1500 Hz.
- the depths for the above stated frequency range preferably amount to 52, 56, 61, 66, 72, 79, 88 and 98 mm respectively, while in the case of sixteen recesses the depths preferably amount to 52, 54, 56, 59, 61, 64, 67, 71, 74, 78, 82, 86, 91, 95, 100 and 105 mm.
- the total number of recesses in the side surfaces is six or a multiple thereof, preferably twelve recesses.
- the depths for the above stated frequency range of 750 Hz-1500 Hz are preferably 52, 54, 57, 61, 64, 68, 72, 77, 82, 88, 95 and 102 mm.
- the recesses can be (semi-)tubular. More generally, the recesses can be (semi-)cylindrical (wherein a cylinder is defined as a form having a circular, oval or other form of base surface and having the same cross-section throughout parallel to the base surface, with all centres in a straight line) or, more particularly, be (semi-)prismatic (i.e. a form with an n-sided polygon as base, a translated copy of this base, and n side surfaces connecting these two planes to each other).
- FIG. 5A-5C show several possible embodiments of such Helmholtz resonators.
- the recess is embodied as a (semi-)truncated cone, wherein the (narrow) top of the cone has been removed.
- the base surface and top surface of the (imaginary) cone take a (semi-)circular (figure 5A) or (semi-)oval (figure 5C) form.
- Figure 5B shows a more classical form of a Helmholtz resonator, comprising a (semi-)cylindrical neck with a small diameter and connected directly thereto a (semi-)cylindrical cavity with a much larger diameter.
- the transition between the first and second part can be fairly abrupt, although in other embodiments, such as in the case of conical recesses (with a circular or oval inlet opening), the transition is smoother.
- An advantage of the latter stated embodiments (wherein the second, deeper part is wider than the first part) is that sound with a lower frequency can be absorbed than would be possible with a cylindrical or prismatic recess with a length equal to the height of the paving element.
- the paving element can comprise spacers provided on one or more of the side surfaces in order to ensure that the side surfaces of adjoining paving elements have a mutual distance greater than a determined threshold value (for instance, though not limited to, at least 0.5 mm or more) during use. This enhances the water drainage capacity.
- a determined threshold value for instance, though not limited to, at least 0.5 mm or more
- the upper outer end of a recess has a straight edge.
- this edge also referred to as the chamfer
- Such a chamfered edge is moreover more robust than the straight edge.
- the paving elements are preferably of a type which can be carried by a person, for instance having a maximum mass of 10 kg. The person can easily place the paving elements on a ground surface by hand.
- the traffic will travel directly on the upper side of the paving element.
- the upper surface of the paving element is thus the driving surface here.
- a cover layer is arranged on top of the upper surface.
- This cover layer is for instance an acoustically absorbing layer.
- This layer which can be arranged per element, preferably has a fine texture in order to minimize excitation of the tyre and/or to realize a high structural damping in combination with little lasting deformation.
- the layer is further preferably porous so that little sound is generated.
- An example of a suitable cover layer is a highly elastic layer, such as a rubber cover layer or a porous concrete.
- the cover layer is preferably configured to absorb high-frequency sound, characteristically in the range of 2 kHz to 8 kHz.
- the cover layer has a limited layer thickness, characteristically 0.1- 1.0 cm. Besides, and perhaps even more importantly than, absorbing high-frequency sound, the purpose of this cover layer is reduced excitation and thus reduced generation of sound. The reduced stiffness is important here. If the cover layer is also arranged over the joints between the paving elements, for instance if the cover layer is arranged after the paving elements are placed on the ground, the recesses remain clean and the paving elements produce less rolling noise. This cover layer then does need to be a very open cover layer in order to preserve the desired resonance properties of the recesses. In other embodiments the cover layer is only or only partially arranged on the (upper) side of the paving element to be driven over, and no cover layer is thus present above the recesses and the joints.
- a paving comprising a number of paving elements which are placed or can be placed adjacently of each other on a ground surface, wherein the paving elements are embodied to allow one or more recesses in a side surface of a first paving element together with a remaining part of the side surface of a second, opposite paving element to form one or more resonators for absorbing the sound incident on the upper surfaces, and are embodied to discharge precipitation from the resonators via the intermediate space between the paving elements.
- the recesses are arranged at different (peripheral) positions along the periphery of the upper surfaces such that opposite a recess in a first paving element there is no recess in the paving element lying opposite.
- a resonator is thus formed by the recess in one of the two adjoining paving elements and the flat side of the paving element lying opposite.
- a method for surfacing a ground surface with the paving elements described herein comprising of:
- the joint material removed from the recesses can serve as joint material between those positions in the joint where there are no recesses.
- Figure 1 shows a perspective view as seen at an angle from the upper side of an embodiment of a paving element according to the invention
- Figure 2 shows a perspective view as seen at an angle from the underside of the paving element of figure 1 ;
- Figure 3 shows a perspective view of a paving comprising a number of bricks according to the embodiment of figures 1 and 2 placed adjacently of each other;
- Figure 4 shows a top view of the paving elements arranged on the ground, and a detail of the mutual connection of adjoining paving elements
- Figures 5A-5C show outlines of alternative forms of a recess in the paving element.
- Figures 1 and 2 show respectively the upper side and underside of a block-like paving element 1 according to an embodiment of the invention.
- Paving element 1 has an upper surface 2, a lower surface 3, two end side surfaces 5, 6 and two elongate side surfaces 4 and 7.
- Recesses 10, 10' are arranged distributed over the whole periphery of upper surface 2. These recesses extend in side surfaces 4-7, from upper surface 2 to positions at different heights or depths (h l5 h 2 , wherein generally hj ⁇ h 2 ) relative to upper surface 2.
- the reason for forming the resonators with different depths is that the incident sound field has to be absorbed over a relatively wide frequency spectrum (for instance from 750 Hz to 1500 Hz for road traffic) and the individual resonators realize only a narrow-band absorption, i.e.
- recesses 10, 10' extend in upward direction, perpendicularly of upper surface 2, although in the other embodiments the recesses can also be formed (slightly) obliquely relative to upper surface 2.
- Each recess 10 further has on the upper side an inlet mouth 13, into which the traffic noise incident on upper surface 2 can enter recess 10 from the upper side.
- each recess 10 has a semi-cylindrical shape (with oval cross- section), i.e. the shape of a cylinder with a part of its wall removed.
- the recess is bounded by wall 11 and bottom 12.
- Paving element 1 is preferably wholly manufactured from acoustically hard material. In other embodiments it is however also possible to manufacture the paving element only partially from acoustically hard material. In the embodiment shown in figures 1 and 2 upper surface 2 onto which the traffic noise is incident and wall 11 and/or bottom 12 of each of the recesses 10 is manufactured from acoustically hard (i.e. substantially non-sound-absorbing) material.
- the paving element can take a solid form, although hollow embodiments of the paving element (for instance in order to reduce mass and save material) are also possible.
- Figures 1 and 2 show that edge 14 takes an acute form on the upper side of recess 10, i.e. at the position of inlet mouth 13. In other embodiments this edge 14 is however chamfered to some extent. This serves to reduce the rolling noise caused by wheels rolling over the upper surface 2 of the paving element.
- Figures 3 and 4 shows the situation in which a number of paving elements 1, 1 I -1 IV is arranged on a ground surface (O).
- This figure clearly shows that opposite each of the recesses 10 of a determined paving element lies a flat side of an adjoining paving element.
- the recesses of adjoining paving elements are more particularly arranged alternately along the side surfaces so that on one occasion recess 10 is situated in the one paving element 1 and on the other occasion recess 25, 26 is situated in the other paving element l m , l v .
- a recess 10 forms together with the side surface of an opposite paving element a resonator, for instance a 1 ⁇ 4-wavelength resonator.
- the walls of this resonator are acoustically hard, since both wall 11 and bottom 12 of the first paving element and the flat side of the second paving element are embodied in acoustically hard material.
- the resonator for absorbing the incident sound is in fact only formed at the moment that the paving elements are placed against each other.
- depressions or indentations 17 are arranged at positions between the recesses. These depressions or indentations 17 extend over the whole height of the paving elements (although in other embodiments, which are not shown, the depressions extend only from the lower surface to a height just above the height of the bottom of the adjoining recess).
- recesses 10 are provided in flat parts 16 of the respective side surfaces, and the indentations/depressions are positioned between flat parts 16.
- the recesses can conversely be provided in the indentations, and the surfaces lying therebetween (protrusions) comprise no recesses. This arrangement is very robust.
- a small intermediate space 30 (with an intermediate distance (a) of 0.5 mm or slightly more (a maximum of several mm)) will in practice always remain between the adjoining paving elements.
- These intermediate spaces 30 are shown schematically in figures 3 and 4.
- the intermediate spaces are filled with joint material in usual manner.
- This joint material is water-permeable so that the intermediate spaces can ensure that liquid, for instance precipitation, which may have entered the resonators from inlet opening 13 does not remain behind in the resonator but can be discharged via this intermediate space to the ground (in direction 28, figure 3).
- This for instance means that the water-filled resonators quickly empty again after a downpour of rain, and the resonators thereby once again fully regain their acoustically absorbing effect.
- the different paving elements can preferably hook into each other such that the paving
- the intermediate space (which will be smaller than 1 mm in many cases) is as small as possible, and is preferably filled with material which is water-permeable. In other embodiments filling strips will be used, as further set forth below.
- the following method can be applied to arrange the paving on the ground surface.
- the paving elements are first placed adjacently of each other in known manner.
- a quantity of joint material which finds its way into the intermediate spaces between the paving elements, is then scattered over the resulting road surface.
- the excess filler material is swept off upper surface 2 of the road surface and each of the resonators is also emptied.
- Joint material thus remains only at the positions where there are no recesses, and filling is thus also carried out under the recesses.
- the joint material can be a grouting mortar/sand, although filling is also possible with damping materials (for instance rubber granulate) so that vibrations of the paving elements are damped.
- the joint material forms a porous layer along which water can be discharged to the ground.
- an (optional) cover layer of very porous material 21 (figure 3) is arranged on top of the thus realized road surface.
- This material has to be wholly or almost wholly acoustically transparent in order to preserve the resonator effect of the recesses.
- the cover layer is arranged over the whole surface area of the paving elements and over the intermediate space arranged between the paving elements.
- the layer is preferably formed from acoustically absorbing material, for instance very open asphalt concrete (ZOAB), so that this layer per se already has some acoustically absorbing effect, for instance an absorption particularly in the high frequency spectrum.
- ZOAB very open asphalt concrete
- a drawback is of course that the presence of the layer can affect the absorbing effect of the resonators per se.
- An advantage is however that the inner side of the resonators remains clean at all times by arranging a layer on top of the paving elements. No solid parts, such as mud and dirt, will be able to find their way into the resonator.
- the cover layer further takes a porous form such that water which has come to lie on the cover layer will seep downward into the resonators, after which the water can flow away via the intermediate space between the paving elements in the above stated manner.
- the recesses are preferably provided at asymmetrical positions relative to an axis of symmetry 31 in the longitudinal direction (figure 4) and axis of symmetry 32 in the width direction.
- the paving element further preferably takes a point-symmetrical form in respect of the positioning of the recesses, more particularly the outlets of the recesses in the surface of the paving element on which it is possible to drive (so that the paving element coincides with itself after moving through a half rotation. This is of course not the case for the depths of the recesses). This achieves that use can be made of one type of paving element to realize a paving wherein two recesses never come to lie precisely opposite each other.
- Optimal use can hereby be made of the space available along the periphery of the paving elements.
- a repeating pattern of resonators can be created for the whole road surface (paving), so that the whole road surface can realize a uniform absorption of the incident sound.
- the porosity of the resonators in a paving element i.e. the ratio of the overall (cumulative) cross-sectional surface area of the upper side (inlet opening 13) of those resonators having an equal volume or equal depth (this being in many cases the surface area of only one resonator) divided by the overall surface area of upper surface 2 of the relevant paving element, is preferably smaller than 5%, preferably a maximum of 2% and still more preferably a maximum of 1%.
- the paving element can be used not only for road traffic.
- the paving elements can likewise be used as surfacing for parking garages, runways of airports, footpaths for pedestrians, floors for exhibition areas, music venues, concert halls, festivals and the like, or similar surfacings. It is also possible to arrange the absorbing paving elements between and/or laterally of the rails of a railway track.
- the resonators can realize a wide-band absorption, it is advisable to tune the resonators to the spectrum of the sound to be absorbed.
- Railway traffic for instance has a different characteristic frequency spectrum than road traffic, and so on.
- Rail traffic has slightly lower frequencies than the above stated road traffic (cars and the like) and the resonators therefore generally have a slightly greater depth so as to be able to also provide a high sound absorption at lower frequencies.
- the paving elements it is also possible to use the paving elements as building blocks for upright structures, such as noise barriers and the like.
- filling strips of water-permeable and acoustically absorbing material are arranged between the paving elements.
- These filling strips can for instance be formed by needle felt strips, for instance of PP and PE, and ensure that the paving elements remain placed more firmly on the ground surface, which reduces the chance of "rattling" of the paving elements.
- Use can for instance be made of a filling strip with a thickness of 4 mm with a water-permeability per running metre amounting to about 150 litres per hour
- filling strips also extend partially into the recesses (resonators) so that acoustically absorbing material is in this case present in the recesses in order to increase the absorption of the resonators.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Road Paving Structures (AREA)
- Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
NL2016280A NL2016280B1 (en) | 2016-02-18 | 2016-02-18 | Pavement element. |
PCT/NL2017/050091 WO2017142404A1 (en) | 2016-02-18 | 2017-02-15 | Paving element |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3417109A1 true EP3417109A1 (en) | 2018-12-26 |
EP3417109B1 EP3417109B1 (en) | 2020-10-28 |
Family
ID=55949034
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17710066.6A Active EP3417109B1 (en) | 2016-02-18 | 2017-02-15 | Paving element |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP3417109B1 (en) |
NL (1) | NL2016280B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017142404A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN107988929A (en) * | 2017-12-01 | 2018-05-04 | 中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司 | High speed railway sound barrier, contact net and cutting supporting and retaining system Trinity structure |
EP3604674B1 (en) * | 2018-07-31 | 2022-10-12 | Betonwerk Pfenning GmbH | Plaster lining |
CN113529618B (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2022-06-10 | 中交路桥南方工程有限公司 | Device for reinforcing strength of roadbed and preventing ramp from collision |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5980010U (en) * | 1982-11-22 | 1984-05-30 | チヤン・ユウル・リ− | Architectural and civil engineering blocks |
US5797698A (en) * | 1996-04-10 | 1998-08-25 | F. Von Langsdorff Licensing Ltd. | Paving elements for the water-permeable reinforcement of surfaces |
NL1023270C2 (en) * | 2003-04-25 | 2004-03-25 | Den Bosch Beton B V Van | Paving element for sides of roads, has slanting lateral side surface to provide smooth transition between road and verge |
DE202009008254U1 (en) * | 2009-06-16 | 2009-11-12 | Müller-BBM GmbH | Absorption device for a roadway |
ES2834404T3 (en) * | 2013-07-07 | 2021-06-17 | 4Silence B V | Diffractor to diffract a sound |
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2016
- 2016-02-18 NL NL2016280A patent/NL2016280B1/en active
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2017
- 2017-02-15 WO PCT/NL2017/050091 patent/WO2017142404A1/en active Application Filing
- 2017-02-15 EP EP17710066.6A patent/EP3417109B1/en active Active
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Publication number | Publication date |
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NL2016280B1 (en) | 2017-09-20 |
NL2016280A (en) | 2017-08-24 |
EP3417109B1 (en) | 2020-10-28 |
WO2017142404A1 (en) | 2017-08-24 |
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