EP3414830A1 - Ermitteln eines betriebszustands einer an eine brennkraftmaschine gekoppelten elektrischen maschine - Google Patents
Ermitteln eines betriebszustands einer an eine brennkraftmaschine gekoppelten elektrischen maschineInfo
- Publication number
- EP3414830A1 EP3414830A1 EP16820295.0A EP16820295A EP3414830A1 EP 3414830 A1 EP3414830 A1 EP 3414830A1 EP 16820295 A EP16820295 A EP 16820295A EP 3414830 A1 EP3414830 A1 EP 3414830A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electric machine
- speed
- rotational speed
- combustion engine
- internal combustion
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 88
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 14
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 14
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 14
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 13
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 7
- 230000006870 function Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001174 ascending effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006399 behavior Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009795 derivation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/06—Control effected upon clutch or other mechanical power transmission means and dependent upon electric output value of the generator
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B67/00—Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for
- F02B67/04—Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for of mechanically-driven auxiliary apparatus
- F02B67/06—Engines characterised by the arrangement of auxiliary apparatus not being otherwise provided for, e.g. the apparatus having different functions; Driving auxiliary apparatus from engines, not otherwise provided for of mechanically-driven auxiliary apparatus driven by means of chains, belts, or like endless members
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16H—GEARING
- F16H7/00—Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members
- F16H7/02—Gearings for conveying rotary motion by endless flexible members with belts; with V-belts
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P9/00—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
- H02P9/008—Arrangements for controlling electric generators for the purpose of obtaining a desired output wherein the generator is controlled by the requirements of the prime mover
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for determining freewheeling phases of an electric machine coupled to a freewheel to an internal combustion engine, as well as a computing unit, preferably a controller for an electrical machine, and a computer program for its implementation.
- electrical machines for regulating the vehicle electrical system voltage in vehicles, electrical machines, in particular externally excited electrical machines, can be used. These have a controller which regulates the excitation current of the electric machine as a function of the vehicle electrical system voltage.
- the electric machine is coupled to the internal combustion engine with a coupling element, typically with a belt drive, wherein the coupling element is subjected to different torques both by the internal combustion engine and by the electric machine, depending on the respective operating state.
- the electric machine typically has a freewheeling element in order to reduce the abrasion of the belt drive caused by the application of torque to the electric machine or the internal combustion engine.
- the electric machine can thus have freewheeling phases in which the freewheeling element is active and thus the electric machine is decoupled from the internal combustion engine.
- the freewheeling element is particularly active when the rotational speed of the electric machine is greater than that of the internal combustion engine.
- an electrical machine can also be an electric machine which can be operated as a generator and / or motor, for example a so-called starter generator.
- a method for determining an operating state of a freewheeling state coupled to a freewheel to an internal combustion engine and a computer unit and a computer program for carrying it out with the features of the independent claims.
- Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims and the following description.
- the method is used to determine freewheeling phases of a coupled to a freewheel to an internal combustion engine electric machine.
- the determined freewheeling phases can be used in particular for determining a deceleration torque of an electric machine coupled to a freewheel to an internal combustion engine.
- operating states of the electrical machine can also be determined by means of the method in which no free-wheeling phases are present.
- the electric machine can be driven by the internal combustion engine, wherein the electric machine with the internal combustion engine via a freewheel and an engaging belt drive are coupled together. Due to the coupling between the electric machine and the internal combustion engine, depending on the operating state of the electric machine, torque can be transmitted to the electric machine by the internal combustion engine. On the part of the electric machine, the torque of the internal combustion engine is counteracted by a deceleration moment, which should be overcome, in particular in the idling state, in order not to impair the operation of the internal combustion engine.
- the most accurate possible knowledge of the torque absorbed by an electric machine is therefore generally of general interest, in particular in order to regulate accordingly a control of an internal combustion engine driving the electric machine.
- the knowledge of this torque absorption of the electric machine is also of special interest, in particular when the internal combustion engine is in a control-critical operating condition, such as the idle state.
- the torque absorbed by the electric machine in tips can assume very high values, the power output of the internal combustion engine or the associated torque being rather small or fluctuating, which can result in considerable speed instabilities of the internal combustion engine. In extreme cases, this can even lead to the generator 'stalling' the combustion engine with its torque, that is to say stopping the rotation of the internal combustion engine. This is due to the fact that the internal combustion engine only outputs its torque in a pulse-like manner, ie in each of the power strokes. In the intermediate phases, the internal combustion engine can not control its torque.
- a time profile of a phase signal of the electric machine is detected and based on the phase signal, a time profile of a rotational speed of the electrical machine is determined.
- the phase signal of the electrical machine in particular comprises at least one of the phase voltages and / or at least one of the phase currents of the electrical machine.
- the use of the phase signal for determining the rotational speed is advantageous since the rotational speed can be determined directly from measured variables already available in the electrical machine, without requiring a further sensor, for example a rotational speed sensor, which determines the rotational speed of the electrical machine ,
- At least one freewheeling phase is determined by evaluating the time change of the rotational speed of the electric machine, at least in the time range of a falling edge of an oscillating speed oscillation of the electric machine.
- the internal combustion engine gives its respective torque, due to the working cycles of the individual cylinders, impulsively to the crankshaft.
- the frequency of the torque output is essentially determined by the current speed and the number of cylinders of the internal combustion engine, in particular an internal combustion engine.
- the frequency of the pulse-like torque output is coupled into the electric machine such that they are reflected as the average speed signal superimposed oscillations.
- These oscillations are interrupted in active freewheeling accordingly by the onset of the freewheel. This is given in particular in time ranges in which the speed curve of the electric machine has speed slopes with decreasing slope.
- a delay variable influencing the manipulated variable is varied to vary the speed curve of the electric machine, which is then closed on a freewheeling phase when a falling edge of a oscillating speed oscillation of the electric machine of the the deceleration moment influencing manipulated variable is dependent.
- the amplitude of the torque influencing the deceleration torque is to be chosen so that the speed curve of the internal combustion engine, especially in the freewheeling state, is not disturbed appreciably.
- the resulting speed change is particularly well determined in a freewheeling phase of the electric machine.
- the change in the manipulated variable influencing the deceleration torque of the electrical machine takes place in a clocked manner.
- the pulsed influencing of the exciter current is especially preferred in the present case, since such a change can be implemented particularly easily.
- a pulsed loading of the electrical machine with a change of the excitation current is particularly advantageous, as this the rotational speed of the electric machine can be superimposed on a "disturbance signal" unique and characteristic signature, whereby the freewheeling states of the electrical machine are particularly easy to determine based on the signature.
- the clock frequency is greater, preferably at least by a factor of two, more preferably at least by a factor of four greater than a frequency of the oscillating speed fluctuations of the internal combustion engine or the speed fluctuation coupled into the electric machine.
- the magnitude variation of the manipulated variable influencing the deceleration moment of the electrical machine is regulated in a value range having a lower threshold value and an upper threshold value, the lower threshold value passing through a detection threshold of the speed fluctuations caused by the variation of the electric machine is given and the upper threshold value is determined such that the change in the rotational speed of the electric machine caused thereby is below a tolerance threshold.
- the detection threshold is the threshold at which the amplitude or the magnitude of the manipulated variable influencing the deceleration torque of the electrical machine is so great that this disturbance, under normal circumstances, can be detected in the rotational speed signal.
- the tolerance threshold is determined in such a way that the amplitude or the amount of the manipulated variable influencing the deceleration torque of the electrical machine is at most so great that the internal combustion engine and / or the vehicle electrical system, in particular the voltage of the electrical system, are not appreciably disturbed.
- the freewheeling phase of the electric machine is determined by detecting a time interval of the rotational speed from the time course of the rotational speed and detecting a characteristic of the freewheeling state curve of the rotational speed of the electric machine, wherein the time interval is a maximum speed, a minimum speed and a has falling edge of the speed arranged between the maximum speed and minimum speed.
- a freewheeling phase can be determined on the basis of the gradient of the falling edge of the rotational speed (time change or gradient) of the electric machine become. This gradient largely depends on the deceleration torque of the electrical machine. With knowledge of the deceleration torque of the electric machine can be directly on the gradient of the rotational speed of the electric machine in an undisturbed, decoupled from the internal combustion engine state closed.
- the time interval is selected such that this additionally has an ascending edge of the rotational speed, wherein the freewheeling phase is determined by comparing the rising edge of the rotational speed and the descending edge of the rotational speed.
- the rising edge of the electric machine is usually forcibly coupled to the engine.
- Associated with the forced coupling is thus a fixed slope or a fixed gradient of the rotational speed of the electric machine.
- This gradient at a rising edge of the rotational speed corresponds approximately to the magnitude of the same gradient, but with the opposite sign, in the region of the falling edge of the rotational speed, provided that the electric machine is also coupled in the region of the falling edge with the internal combustion engine. If this is not the case, there is a significant difference in the gradient or gradient of the ascending and descending edge of the rotational speed, which also makes it possible to conclude that a freewheeling state is present.
- a freewheeling phase upon detection of a freewheeling phase, its duration can be determined by analyzing the rotational speed, in particular the analysis of the sloping regions of the rotational speed.
- the freewheeling phases occur in time ranges of the rotational speed at which the gradient of the rotational speed has a negative slope. By temporally locating these speed ranges of "negative" slope or falling speed edges, the exact time position and / or the duration of the freewheeling phases can be determined even more accurately be localized with increasing speed flanks.
- the determination of the freewheeling state or the freewheeling phase based on the analysis of the characteristic course of the falling Edge can be alternatively or cumulatively used by the comparison of rising and falling edge as well as by influencing the falling edge of the speed with the delay torque of the electrical machine influencing variable and provide respective uses corresponding benefits.
- they can be combined with each other in any form, resulting in corresponding advantages in terms of a particularly simple Umsetzbar- or an adjustment and a determination of a freewheeling phase on different data basis (redundancy) result.
- a further advantageous embodiment of the invention manifests itself in a computing unit, in particular a controller for an electrical machine, which is set up to carry out a method according to the above statements.
- Figure la shows a via a freewheel to an internal combustion engine
- coupled electric machine in schematic representation; shows an exemplary course of the electrical power, the mechanical power and the deceleration torque of an electric machine as a function of the rotational speed;
- FIG. 2a shows a further electrical machine coupled to a freewheel to an internal combustion engine in a schematic
- FIG. 2b shows a schematic representation of a
- Figure 2c shows a time course of a phase voltage and the speed derived therefrom
- Figure 3a shows a time course of a rotational speed of an electric
- Figure 3b shows the time course of the rotational speed of an electrical
- Figure 4a shows a schematic representation of the speed characteristics of an electric machine with different load application
- Figure 4b shows a schematic representation of the delay torque of the electrical machine influencing control variable
- FIG. 5 shows a chronological comparison of different torques applied to an electrical machine at different loads of the electric machine.
- FIG. 1 a shows a system known from the prior art from a motor vehicle electrical system 10 and an electric machine 14 coupled to an internal combustion engine 12 by means of a freewheel 11, wherein the electric machine 14 feeds the vehicle electrical system 10 with energy.
- the electric machine 14 is by means of a coupling element 16 - typically a Belt drive - driven, wherein the coupling element 16 is fixed on the side of the internal combustion engine 12 on a crankshaft 17 and on the side of the electric machine 14 on a provided with the freewheel 11 role.
- a computing unit 18 in the form of a controller 20 is provided, which adjusts the excitation current IE IT of the electric machine 14 as a function of the voltage of the electrical system 10.
- FIG. 1b This is illustrated, for example, in FIG. 1b.
- the electrical power of the electric machine dashed
- the mechanical power of the electric machine dotted
- the torque absorption solid line
- the torque absorption of the electric machine 14 has a local maximum, especially in the speed range around the idling operation about 800 rpm, which makes the range around the idle mode for the internal combustion engine 12 particularly regular. It may happen that the engine control unit 22 is no longer able to regulate the internal combustion engine 12 accordingly, which is why an erratic increase in the deceleration torque of the electric machine 14, the internal combustion engine can be strangled.
- FIG. 2 shows a method for determining a deceleration torque M of an electric machine 114 on the basis of the electric machine 114 shown in FIG. 2 a, coupled to a freewheeling element 111 to an internal combustion engine 112, which is driven by the internal combustion engine 112 by means of a coupling element 116.
- the combination of electrical machine 114 and internal combustion engine 112, as shown in Figure 2 is similar in many parts to the structure shown in Figure 1, which is why the same reference numerals have been used for identical or similar elements and the function and location of the individual elements is identical.
- the coupling element 116 is operatively connected to the crankshaft 117 of the internal combustion engine 112 on the engine side.
- the internal combustion engine 112 outputs the torque in a pulse-like manner to the crankshaft 117 due to the operating cycles of the respective cylinders of the internal combustion engine 112.
- the pulsed torque output of the internal combustion engine 112 is accompanied by abrasion of the coupling element 116, which is alleviated by the free-wheeling element 111 provided on the electric machine 114.
- the electric machine 114 additionally has a computing unit 118, preferably a controller 120, which regulates the energy fed to the motor vehicle electrical system 100 by specifying an exciter current ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ .
- a communication link 24 may also be provided (shown in dashed lines).
- the controller 120 can also be provided to carry out the method described below for determining the freewheeling phases PhiFi of the electric machine or of the deceleration torque M of the electric machine 114.
- the deceleration torque M of the electric machine 114 is determined on the basis of physical state variables, as described below.
- the moment of inertia is essentially dependent on the mass and the geometry of the rotor. These variables are basically for each runner, which is installed in an electric machine, readily ascertainable.
- the moment of inertia of the rotor does not substantially change in a first approximation during operation of the electric machine and can thus be stored as a constant variable, for example in a characteristic field.
- the torque is generally defined as the time derivative of the angular momentum.
- the equation of state of all existing in the system of the internal combustion engine 112 and electric machine 114 torques results from the sum of all applied torques, this by given is.
- the torque of the drive MBI ⁇ M that is, the part of the torque of the internal combustion engine 112, which is transmitted to the electric machine via the belt, can not be determined without further ado.
- the applied decelerating torque M of the electric machine 114 can be determined, which is summarily influenced by magnetic forces, frictional losses, aerodynamic losses, etc.
- phase signal 121 is one of the phase voltages 121a of the electric machine 114. It is understood that basically any desired phase voltage of one or more phases of the electric machine 114, but also the respective phase currents, can be used to generate the speed signal 122 the electrical machine 114 to determine. When using more than one phase voltage, a correspondingly higher temporal resolution of the speed signal 122 can be achieved (not shown).
- the phase voltage 121a extends in a generator with current output in a first approximation rectangular.
- An average phase time or pulse width Tphase can be detected at this signal of the phase voltage 121a, which can best be determined on the steep edges of the phase voltage 121a.
- the generator speed thus results from the formula: where nGen is the rotational speed of the electric machine 114 in revolutions per minute, and PPZ is the pole pair number of the electric machine 114.
- the time interval can in particular be selected such that it is averaged over several oscillations.
- the speed can preferably be determined digitally. By means of a measurement of the time intervals Tphase of the amplitudes in the phase signal 121 of the electric machine 114, as already described, the instantaneous speed ⁇ can be determined.
- the controller 118 may store a fixed number of rotational speed values in a memory, for example in a shift register (not shown) and at least one maximum within each one oscillation cycle and determine a minimum instantaneous speed.
- the maximum and minimum instantaneous speeds are preferably the peak speeds in the respectively detected time range. The difference between these speeds is a measure of the torque output by the engine 112.
- the rotational speed can be determined on the basis of the rising 126 and falling flanks 124 (see FIG. 3) of the phase voltage 121a. In principle, any number of rpm values can be detected in the memory, although approximately one complete cycle of a vibration should be recorded for an evaluation.
- the ratios of the respective frequencies are considered below and compared with the Nyquist criterion.
- Relative to the engine speed results in the generator frequency at inactive freewheeling, ie rigid coupling of the electric machine with the internal combustion engine, or the frequency of the electric machine with where ⁇ is the speed of the internal combustion engine.
- Ung for fmoment _ ⁇ / 60 * number of cylinders / 2 the result is f / f torque- 2 * Ub * PPZ / number of cylinders.
- FIG. 3 the rotational speed curve of the internal combustion engine 112 (dashed line) and the rotational speed curve of the electric machine 114 (solid line) with two different loads of the electric machine 114, in the first case without a load applied to the electric machine 114 (FIGS with a voltage applied to the electric machine 114 load ( Figure 3b) shown.
- the different loads on the electric machine 114 are inevitably accompanied by different deceleration torques M of the electric machine 114. This can be seen from the fact that in the time range of a falling edge 124 of the rotational speed 122, the gradient of the rotational speed 122a of the electric machine 114 without load (see FIG. 3a) is significantly lower than the gradient of the rotational speed 122b of the electric machine 114 with load (FIG. see Figure 3b).
- the load and thus the deceleration torque MGen of the electric machine 114 can accordingly be regulated by a manipulated variable influencing the deceleration torque MGen.
- a manipulated variable for example, the excitation current ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ -.
- the load-sensitive behavior of the rotational speed gradient 122a, 122b in the time range of a falling edge 124 of the rotational speed 122 is significant, in particular in a freewheeling phase Phfi, since in this case the electrical machine is decoupled from the moving masses of the internal combustion engine 112.
- a change in the deceleration torque MGen of the electric machine 114 also has no appreciable influence on the rising edge 126 of FIG Speed 122 because the electric machine 114 is driven at a rising edge 124 of the rotational speed 126 by the internal combustion engine 112 and thus positively coupled thereto. Even if the load of the electric machine 114 should cause a change in the gradient in the time range of the rising edge 126 of the speed 122, this would always be much lower compared to the change in the gradient in the time range of the falling edge 124 of the speed 122 (freewheel phase Phfi) pronounced and therefore well distinguishable. Thus, the load-sensitive behavior of the electric machine 114 in the time range of a falling edge 124 of the rotational speed 122 can be used to detect a freewheeling phase Phfi.
- the freewheeling phase Phfi of the electric machine 114 or an operating state of the electric machine 114 having a freewheeling phase Phfi can either be determined as described above, via a change in a manipulated variable influencing the deceleration torque ⁇ ⁇ , or else in other ways.
- Another possibility here is, for example, a determination of the freewheeling phases based on empirical values, in which it is determined whether - for example, during idling of the internal combustion engine 112 - the freewheel 111 of the electric machine
- the 114 is active. This can be done on the basis of comparative values of the slope (gradients) in the time range of the falling flanks 124 of the rotational speed 122 of the electric machine 114. These gradients can be deposited accordingly for different loads of the electrical machine 112. The gradients or the course of the rotational speed 122 of the electric machine 114 can also be compared with the time profile of the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine 112 in the same time range. This information can be stored for example in the engine control unit 122 and transmitted via the communication interface 124 to the controller 120, which can then cause a determination of the freewheeling phases PIIFL by comparing the stored values of the speed curve with the actual values of the speed curve.
- a direct deposit of the values in the controller 120 is possible, which has the advantage that no transmission of data for detecting the freewheeling phases PIIFL via the communication interface 124 is required.
- Another possibility is the comparison of the rising edges of the speed 122 of the electric machine 114 in the drive phase PhiAnt and the falling edge 124 of the speed 122 of the electric machine 114 in the freewheeling phase PIIFL.
- the rising flanks 126 in the drive phase PhiAnt and the falling flanks 124 in the freewheeling phase PIIFL of the electrical machine 114 are always asymmetrical to the respective maxima and minima in the time course of the rotational speed 122 of the electrical system Machine 114.
- the gradients of the falling edges 124 and rising edges 126 of the speed 122 are thus different in magnitude.
- the falling edges 124 of the rotational speed 122 would always be symmetrical to the respective corresponding rising edges 126 of the rotational speed 122, ie ascending flanks 126 and the falling flanks 124 would essentially have a magnitude equal gradient of slope but with different signs.
- the freewheeling state PIIFL or the driving state PhiAnt of the electric machine 114 can be determined. The existence of an operating state without free-running phases PhFi_ could equally be determined.
- the time profile of the rotational speed of the internal combustion engine 112 multiplied by the transmission ratiorod is the speed curve 122a of the electric machine 114 at a first load (dotted line) and the speed curve 122b of the electric machine 114 at a second, in comparison to the first load increased load of the electric machine, shown.
- the speed curves 122a, 122b have a substantially periodic oscillation 126a, 126b with low amplitude in the time range of the falling edges 124 of the rotational speed 122a, 122b.
- the periodic oscillations 126a, 126b are effected by a clocking manipulated variable influencing the deceleration torque of the electric machine 114, such as, for example, the excitation current ⁇ ⁇ -.
- the qualitative course of the exciter current IE IT in particular in the time range of a falling edge 124 of the rotational speed 122, is shown qualitatively for the course of the rotational speed 122a in FIG. 4b.
- the amplitude of the excitation current IE IT is smaller than a tolerance threshold ST, by which the degree of a fault is determined, which has no significant influence on the function of the internal combustion engine 112 or on the electrical system, which feeds the electric machine 114 as a generator.
- the amplitude of the excitation current IE IT is also greater than a lower threshold value Si, which defines a detection threshold.
- the upper threshold value S2 is greater than Si and smaller than ST in magnitude and indicates the amplitude of the excitation current IE IT , which should preferably be used for modulation. Basically, it is understood that the waveform of the modulation or its frequency is almost arbitrary selectable. However, it is advisable to select the control frequency of the controller 120, with which the excitation current IE IT is regulated (typically approximately 400 Hz).
- the freewheeling PhiFL the electric machine 114 by the gradient of the speed drop in a falling edge 124 of the rotational speed 122a, 122b and / or by the characteristic signature, in particular their frequency and / or amplitude of the deceleration torque the electrical machine 114 influencing clocked manipulated variable, can be determined. It is also understood that the embodiments described above for determining freewheeling phases of the electric machine 114 can be used both alternatively and cumulatively. A cumulative use would also have the advantage that the freewheeling phases can be detected redundantly and therefore particularly secure.
- FIG. 5 shows speed profiles which are similar to the rotational speed curves from FIG.
- the dashed line also shows the total torques MGi and MG2 applied to the electric machine 114, wherein it can be seen that when the electric machine 114 is decoupled from the internal combustion engine 112 in the freewheeling phases PhiFL, this drops to the respective level of the deceleration torques Mi or M2 and the re-engagement of the internal combustion engine 112 increases accordingly leaps and bounds.
- the torque applied in the freewheeling phases PIIFL corresponds exactly to the decelerating torque M, while in the drive phase PhiAn the deceleration torque of the generator remains the same but is counter-compensated by a high counter-torque on the shaft.
- phase signal 121 of the electric machine 114 is shown, with which the respective rotational speed signals are sampled.
- more torque is applied than is currently required.
- This excess torque is cached in the form of a speed increase in the angular momentum. Since this applied torque can not be meaningfully recognized with the available measuring means, the measurement of the deceleration torque M of the electric machine 114 is meaningfully possible only in the freewheeling phases PIIFL.
- Free running phases PIIFL can be recognized as described above.
- the present data is based on the typical time ratios for a four-cylinder engine having a transmission ratio between the electric machine and the engine of FIG. 3 on the belt drive 116 and a pole pair number of 8 on the electric machine 114.
- a rigid coupling no active freewheel
- the number of voltage pulses 121 a for example, between two minima of the speed curve, set. If the number of phase voltage pulses with respect to the number of phase voltage pulses for a rigid Coupling between the electric machine 114 and the internal combustion engine 112 would be expected deviates, in particular increases, can also be concluded that there is a free-running phase PhiFi. This can also be used as a redundant data source to determine the freewheeling phases (see description of Figures 3 or 4).
- the number of expected voltage pulses can be stored accordingly, for example in a memory.
- the number of expected voltage pulses 121a is twelve, since the number of pulses with a transmission ratio of 3 and a pole pair number of 8 and a cylinder number of 4 was determined.
- this is an arbitrary number, which is essentially dependent on the transmission ratio Ü B, the pole pair number and the number of cylinders of the internal combustion engine 112.
- the derivation for this is in particular the description of Figure 2c) refer.
- the numerical values given serve to serve the qualitative description of the invention and that there is no compelling restriction to these numerical values.
- the efficiency ⁇ of the electric machine 114 can be determined in a very simple manner by recognizing a freewheeling phase PhiFi, as described above in FIGS. 3 and 4.
- the electric power P e i is by means of the excitation current IE IT of the rotational speed 122 (nGen) of the electric machine 114 and the generator voltage UGen z. B. determinable from a map or by a model.
- the rotational speed 122 of the electric machine 114 and the rotational speed (nGen) can be used analogously on the basis of the above description.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Control Of Vehicle Engines Or Engines For Specific Uses (AREA)
- Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102016201958.9A DE102016201958A1 (de) | 2016-02-10 | 2016-02-10 | Ermitteln eines Betriebszustands einer an eine Brennkraftmaschine gekoppelten elektrischen Maschine |
| PCT/EP2016/082686 WO2017137133A1 (de) | 2016-02-10 | 2016-12-27 | Ermitteln eines betriebszustands einer an eine brennkraftmaschine gekoppelten elektrischen maschine |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP3414830A1 true EP3414830A1 (de) | 2018-12-19 |
Family
ID=57708595
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP16820295.0A Withdrawn EP3414830A1 (de) | 2016-02-10 | 2016-12-27 | Ermitteln eines betriebszustands einer an eine brennkraftmaschine gekoppelten elektrischen maschine |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP3414830A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN108604873A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102016201958A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2017137133A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102016212955A1 (de) | 2016-07-15 | 2018-01-18 | Robert Bosch Gmbh | Ermitteln eines Betriebszustand einer mit einem Freilauf an eine Brennkraftmaschine gekoppelten elektrischen Maschine |
| CN109633442A (zh) * | 2018-12-27 | 2019-04-16 | 新疆金风科技股份有限公司 | 发电机转速波动的检测方法、装置、设备及存储介质 |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2779331B2 (ja) * | 1995-03-08 | 1998-07-23 | バンドー化学株式会社 | エンジン用補機のベルト伝動装置 |
| JP4449263B2 (ja) * | 2001-07-18 | 2010-04-14 | 株式会社デンソー | 車両用交流発電機 |
| AT515003B1 (de) * | 2013-11-08 | 2017-05-15 | MAN Truck & Bus Österreich AG | Verfahren und System zur Überwachung einer Freilaufriemenscheibe |
-
2016
- 2016-02-10 DE DE102016201958.9A patent/DE102016201958A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-12-27 EP EP16820295.0A patent/EP3414830A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2016-12-27 WO PCT/EP2016/082686 patent/WO2017137133A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2016-12-27 CN CN201680081340.9A patent/CN108604873A/zh active Pending
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2017137133A1 (de) | 2017-08-17 |
| DE102016201958A1 (de) | 2017-08-10 |
| CN108604873A (zh) | 2018-09-28 |
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