EP3414201B1 - Lifting device - Google Patents
Lifting device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3414201B1 EP3414201B1 EP17705307.1A EP17705307A EP3414201B1 EP 3414201 B1 EP3414201 B1 EP 3414201B1 EP 17705307 A EP17705307 A EP 17705307A EP 3414201 B1 EP3414201 B1 EP 3414201B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- lifting
- winding apparatus
- drive
- roller
- winding
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 58
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
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- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 6
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- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 2
- 240000006829 Ficus sundaica Species 0.000 description 1
- VXKCPBPQEKKERH-IUCAKERBSA-N Gly-Arg-Pro Chemical compound NC(N)=NCCC[C@H](NC(=O)CN)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(O)=O VXKCPBPQEKKERH-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005286 illumination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003562 lightweight material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004904 shortening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012791 sliding layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000013519 translation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C19/00—Cranes comprising trolleys or crabs running on fixed or movable bridges or gantries
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66C—CRANES; LOAD-ENGAGING ELEMENTS OR DEVICES FOR CRANES, CAPSTANS, WINCHES, OR TACKLES
- B66C13/00—Other constructional features or details
- B66C13/04—Auxiliary devices for controlling movements of suspended loads, or preventing cable slack
- B66C13/06—Auxiliary devices for controlling movements of suspended loads, or preventing cable slack for minimising or preventing longitudinal or transverse swinging of loads
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
- B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
- B66F7/00—Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts
- B66F7/06—Lifting frames, e.g. for lifting vehicles; Platform lifts with platforms supported by levers for vertical movement
- B66F7/0616—Suspended platforms, i.e. the load platform hangs from the base
Definitions
- a generic device is from the DE 43 26 673 A1 known. Similar and further solutions show the DE 697 19 001 T2 that FR 2 757 441 A1 that DE 101 32 350 A1 and the DE 102 57 108 A1 .
- vehicle parts can be conveyed along an electric monorail system, the height of the vehicle part to be transported being adjustable above the floor. Chains or ropes are used as traction elements, which are wound on appropriate rope drums or a chain hoist to adjust the height of the vehicle part above the ground.
- a separate device is used to stabilize the lifting element relative to the carrier.
- This known solution disadvantageously has a relatively large overall length and has a relatively high weight. Furthermore, the position of the lifting element varies with the lifting height.
- EP 1 794 078 B1 Another solution shows that EP 1 794 078 B1 .
- This device also has a relatively large overall length and a high weight.
- the structure is relatively complex and offers a variety of setting options.
- a further disadvantage here is the relatively complex manufacture and assembly of the device and poor accessibility for maintenance purposes.
- the lifting device and the stabilizing device are designed separately.
- the FR 2 295 904 A1 discloses a similar device that provides ropes for lifting a lifter; a motor drives all lifting elements.
- two motors are provided according to this document, which are coupled together via a differential gear.
- the present invention is therefore based on the object of developing a device of the type mentioned in such a way that a light and universally usable lifting device of the generic type is created, which has compact dimensions and allows stable guidance of the lifting element relative to the carrier.
- the concept used should continue to be largely independent of the lifting height and the application.
- the solution to this problem by the invention is characterized in that a first drive for driving the at least one first winding device and a second drive for driving the at least one second winding device are provided, the first drive comprising a drive motor which is connected via an angular gear , preferably via a bevel gear, drives at least one shaft which drives a roller of the first winding device via a gear element, and wherein the second drive comprises a drive motor which drives a roller of the second winding device via a spur gear, parallel shaft or planetary gear.
- the width is preferably at least 200 times, particularly preferably at least 300 times and very particularly preferably at least 500 times the thickness. However, the width is often at least 1,000 times the thickness.
- a band-shaped structure is to be used as the tension element, which results in the previously known solutions with ropes or chains, possibly also with narrow belts.
- Wide flat belts for example, or other sheet-like and windable webs, which in particular are limp in bending, are used as tension elements.
- the tension elements do not have a constant width over the entire height to be used, in order to take into account the structural conditions.
- the traction elements are in particular widened towards one end.
- the tension elements do not have a constant thickness over the entire height that is used.
- the tension element on the end attachment can be reinforced and thus be made thicker than in the other area.
- the basis for the width-thickness ratio mentioned is the flat base material of the tension element.
- a further preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the width of the tension elements is selected as a function of the external dimensions of the carrier or lifting element. Accordingly, the width of the tension elements is at least 50% of the external dimensions of the carrier and / or the lifting element at the location of the tension element. In this regard, optimal values for the width of the tension element are between 50% and 100% of said external dimensions. Especially when using drums with an integrated drive, the upper area can be easily realized.
- rollers of two winding devices each being arranged parallel to one another Have axes of rotation and wherein the axes of rotation of the rollers of two winding devices are perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rollers of two further winding devices.
- first drive for driving two winding devices and the second drive for driving two further winding devices are provided.
- Another preferred embodiment of the invention provides that three winding devices are provided, two rollers of the first and second winding device having axes of rotation arranged parallel to one another and the axis of rotation of the roller of the third winding device being perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the first and second winding device.
- the rollers of the first and second winders and the roller of the third winders preferably form an H-shaped structure when viewed from above.
- the tension elements consist of textile material, in particular of a fabric web, or of metal, in particular of sheet metal or a mesh.
- a further preferred embodiment of the invention provides that a synchronization element for the synchronous movement of the two drives is arranged between the first drive and the second drive.
- a synchronization element for the synchronous movement of the two drives is arranged between the first drive and the second drive.
- four drives are also conceivable. The same applies to four slip-on gears.
- the transmission element is preferably a belt transmission or a chain transmission.
- the spur gear is preferably a parallel shaft gear.
- a gear element in particular a belt gear or a chain gear, is preferably arranged between the spur gear and the two rollers of the winding device.
- Helical gearboxes and parallel shaft gearboxes can be used, each with shafts with parallel axes.
- the present invention thus aims to provide an advantageous lifting sling of an electric monorail system with which it is possible to lift loads in a stable manner, primarily relating to vehicle parts (bodies, engines) which are to be conveyed in assembly lines; however, other applications, e.g. B. lifting devices for containers possible.
- a suitable mounting element is attached to the carrier, for example a 4-arm hanger or a 2-arm hanger with corresponding mounting areas for the component to be carried (e.g. body mount).
- Elements can also be provided here which allow the component to be conveyed to be pivoted about the desired axes.
- the present invention relates to a device for lifting and stabilizing loads, in particular a hanger for vehicles or vehicle parts, comprising a carrier (upper frame) and a lifting element arranged underneath (lower frame), a load-bearing load-bearing device, which is preferably attached to the lower frame wide straps or textiles (tension elements) is adjustable in height and which can be raised or lowered by means of at least two (or, for safety reasons, preferably at least three) rollers (drums), which are arranged orthogonally to one another in the case of three or four rollers.
- a load-bearing load-bearing device which is preferably attached to the lower frame wide straps or textiles (tension elements) is adjustable in height and which can be raised or lowered by means of at least two (or, for safety reasons, preferably at least three) rollers (drums), which are arranged orthogonally to one another in the case of three or four rollers.
- the device is particularly suitable for movable devices, e.g. coupled to an electric monorail system, a so-called “power & free conveyor” or to hanging platforms, so that autonomous, self-propelled units are created.
- the attachment of the tension elements (straps) to the subframe is preferably statically determined, so that a uniform or defined distribution of the load on the tension elements (straps or textiles) is achieved.
- the tension elements can also be realized using a wide, thin metal band or metal mesh.
- the lifting means can be equipped with vertical and diagonal tension members for targeted power transmission. They can be provided with a sliding layer and / or a wear-resistant layer.
- the lifting means can be provided with one or more conical, round or rectangular guide grooves for centering purposes.
- the rollers (drums) for winding up the tension elements can be designed spherically and / or be provided with conical ends in order to achieve a central winding of the tension elements.
- rollers drums
- the rollers can be mechanically coupled to one another.
- the lifting drives are coupled on the primary side in order to reduce the torques.
- the individual rollers can be driven individually, but can also be coupled to one another via a so-called electronic shaft.
- the drive or drives for the rollers can also be integrated into these.
- the subframe can be equipped with an interchangeable adapter, which allows the attachment of different hangers.
- the hanger receptacles can also be designed so that they can be swung out to the side.
- An embodiment is also possible in such a way that the load to be carried can be pivoted about its longitudinal or vertical axis.
- the lifting device can also be equipped with one or more safety brakes.
- a load measuring or limiting device can be integrated.
- the lifting means can also be provided with a load measuring device.
- an orthogonal arrangement of the rollers (lifting drums) in combination with one or more spur, parallel shaft or planetary gears and / or with one or more angular gears for driving them is possible. This makes it possible to dispense with a separate angular gear.
- the lifting drums can be made of lightweight materials such as aluminum, GRP or carbon.
- the transmissions can reduce the torques of the drives by means of an appropriate gear ratio and act like reeving.
- the lifting means for reducing the torque of the lifting drives can be reeved one or more times.
- the device can also be equipped with a detection of the lifting height.
- the lifting means can also be printed with a visual display of the lifting height to check the lifting height.
- the lifting means can continue permanently or temporarily with additional information such. B. printed on assembly steps, the vehicle type.
- the lifting means can also be equipped with illuminants and / or with a reflective layer and thus contribute to the illumination of the work areas.
- the upper and / or lower frame can be made accessible for easier maintenance.
- the proposed solution thus enables a compact and light construction by combining suspension means and stabilizing device and the drive-technical integration of the lifting device in the upper frame.
- the preferably three or four tension elements are each designed, in particular, as wide, thin winding belts and are wound onto three rollers arranged in an H shape or four all around.
- a carbon version of the rollers enables further weight savings without adversely affecting durability or stability.
- the stabilizing effect is achieved through a membrane effect of the tension elements, which is generated by the weight of the lower frame and the load to be carried.
- Different lifting paths adapted to the respective application can be realized simply by lengthening or shortening the tension elements without the basic construction of the proposed device having to be changed or adapted. This enables a high degree of standardization to be realized, a requirement that is repeatedly raised in the automotive industry.
- the number of tension elements is manageable with three or four, whereby two tension elements or combinations of tension elements are arranged redundantly and can take over the securing of the complete lifting load in the event of failure of a tension element or a drive train.
- a flat or spur gear and a bevel gear motor are preferably combined to actuate the lifting device.
- the two drives are preferably coupled on the primary side via an elastic or cardan shaft. This ensures that both drives run synchronously.
- a limitation of the lowering speed, for. B. executed as a centrifugal brake be provided and / or attack an additional safety brake.
- the moments on the primary side remain low, which has a positive effect on the dimensioning of the power transmission elements or the safety elements and also contributes to a reduction in weight.
- the power transmission between drives and winding rollers enables an additional ratio to be introduced. As a result of this and due to the relatively small diameter of the winding rollers, the required drive torque is reduced to the lifting drives, as a result of which the gearbox size and thus the weight can be reduced.
- Both 2-arm hangers, 4-arm hangers, swivel arms or a swivel frame can be adapted to the subframe.
- the solution can be integrated in stationary facilities as well as in various conveyor technology concepts. So both monorail monorail and double monorail solutions are conceivable.
- the facility could also be integrated into so-called "power & free systems" or hanging push platform concepts.
- step mats or step plates in the lower and / or upper frame in order to improve the accessibility for maintenance work. Since the inner frame of the subframe otherwise has no built-in components due to the design, it can also be inserted with a dimensioned lifting platform between the mounting crossbeams, which considerably simplifies maintenance work on the lifting device - especially in contrast to the previously known solutions.
- the axes of rotation of the rollers of the winding devices mentioned are perpendicular to one another. This is of course to be understood to mean that said rectangularity is given in one of the views, in particular in the top view of the device. It should also be mentioned that, of course, slight deviations from the rectangularity are also covered by the inventive concept, for example if the axes enclose an angle of only 87 °.
- a lifting device 1 is shown, which is arranged to be movable in a horizontal direction along a track 2 in the form of a rail. Components can be conveyed in the horizontal direction with the lifting device 1, for which purpose the lifting device 1 is moved along the path 2. Said movement can be active or passive, i. H. 2 motorized or non-motorized drive rollers can be provided in the area of the web.
- the lifting device 1 essentially comprises a carrier wagon 3 arranged at the top (upper frame) and a lifting element 4 arranged at the bottom (subframe). H. raise or lower.
- a hanger 31 is fastened to the lifting element 4 and serves to receive a component, for example a body part.
- the lifting device 5 comprises four winding devices 10, 11, 12 and 13, each of which comprises a driven roller 14, 15, 16 and 17, each roller 14, 15, 16, 17 opening and closing a pulling element 6, 7, 8 and 9 unwinds when it is rotated about its respective axis of rotation a 1 , a 2 , a 3 or a 4 (see here Figure 4 ).
- the tension elements 6, 7, 8 and 9 are designed as flat webs and in particular as wide belts, which can for example consist of textile material or a metallic mesh.
- Figure 1 is shown schematically that each tension element 6, 7, 8, 9 a Width B and a thickness D.
- the width mentioned is preferably at least 100 times as large as the thickness D, in particular at least 500 times as large.
- a first drive 18 which has a drive motor 21 which drives a bevel gear 22. From the bevel gear 22, two shafts 23 and 24 are driven, via which in turn one gear element 25 and 26 is driven; the gear element 25, 26 is preferably a chain or belt transmission. Hereby the rollers 14 and 15 are rotated synchronously.
- a second drive 19 which has a drive motor 27 with which a spur gear 28 is driven.
- the spur gear 28 in turn drives two gear elements 29 and 30 - again preferably designed as chain or belt gears - with which the rollers 16 and 17 are rotated synchronously.
- the two drives 18 and 19 are in turn synchronized relative to one another, for which purpose a synchronization element 20 is provided.
- a shaft section is provided for this purpose, which connects the two drive motors 21 and 27 to one another, so that their shafts can only rotate synchronously.
- a special embodiment of the invention described below deals with a statically determined belt length compensation, which can be provided as an option in the lifting device described.
- the lifting device 1 (lifting sling) consists - as described - of the carrier 3 (upper frame) and the lifting element 4 (lower frame).
- the subframe is held by the tension elements 6, 7, 8, 9.
- the winding devices are expediently arranged in the upper frame 3. This means that the belt end is attached to the subframe 4. Thickness tolerances of the tension elements (lifting belts), differences in diameter of the winding drums, small translation errors, etc. can result in different belt lengths. Furthermore, during assembly it is difficult to adjust the belt length so that a desired load distribution is achieved.
- the configuration described below ensures a predefined load distribution on the tension elements, small differences in length of the tension elements being compensated for.
- the belt end attachment both by winding several layers on a roll, as well as by forming loops in the belts.
- a type A solution is referred to below that in Figure 7 is shown as a solution according to type B that in Figure 8 is shown.
- Figure 9 a detail of the arrangement is shown. It is in the Figures 7 to 9 the concept described above is provided, with three tension elements 6, 7, 8 (in the Figures 7 and 8th only indicated with regard to their position) are wound on rollers in an H-shaped manner
- type A and type B are not equally suitable for both types of belt end attachment. While type A can be used with both types of belt end attachment mentioned, with type B the belt must be wound up on a rotating belt end reel.
- the central element of the belt length compensation are two eccentrics 32, which are mounted centrally in the subframe 4.
- the longitudinally arranged belt end roller 33 is mounted in a rocker 34, the axis of rotation W of which is mounted eccentrically to the axis of rotation E of the eccentric 32.
- the belt tensile force on the longitudinally arranged belt end roller 33 creates a left-turning torque on the eccentrics 32. This torque is in equilibrium with a right-turning torque which two pull rods 35, 36 exert.
- These tie rods 35, 36 are each either with two further rockers 37, 38 of the transversely arranged belt end rollers 39, 40 (according to type A Fig.
- the torque direction can also act in the opposite direction to the description (cf. Fig. 7 and Fig. 8 ).
- the tensile force of the tie rods 35, 36 increases proportionally with the belt tensile force of the transverse belts 6, 7 and thus the clockwise torque.
- the anti-clockwise torque in turn is proportional to the tensile force of the longitudinal belt 8 (s. Fig. 5 ).
- the balance of the eccentrics 32 is established with a certain division of the lifting load between the longitudinal belt 8 and the two transverse belts 6, 7. If the lever ratios are identical, the longitudinal belt 8 takes up half the lifting load. The other half is shared by the two cross belts 6, 7.
- a tractive force distribution can be specified 30% across / 40% lengthways / 30% across.
- the desired position of the eccentric 32 is given when the axis of rotation of the eccentric E and the axis of rotation W of the rocker of the longitudinally arranged belt end roller 33 lie in a horizontal plane.
- Small changes in the belt length during the winding process or due to different belt stretches can compensate for the eccentric 32 by a small rotary movement.
- the longitudinally arranged belt end roller 33 and the two transverse belt end rollers 39, 40 behave in an equivalent manner. This means that an expansion of the longitudinal belt 8 can be compensated for by a rightward rotation of the eccentric 32, which corresponds to a lifting movement of the belt end rollers on the transverse belts 6, 7. As a result, a new balance can be achieved while largely maintaining the specified load distribution.
- the rocker 37, 38 of the transversely arranged belt end roller 39, 40 ensures that the longitudinal belt 8 is loaded symmetrically, even if, for example, the two transverse belts 6, 7 wind up slightly asymmetrically or stretch slightly differently due to an asymmetrical load distribution in the longitudinal direction. Longitudinal forces acting on the longitudinal belt 8 can nevertheless be absorbed via the transverse rigidity of the longitudinal belt.
- the tie rods 35, 36 are each connected to a rocker 37, 38 of the transverse rollers 39, 40.
- the cross rollers can be rotated during the assembly process to wind up the cross belts. About three windings are customary to relieve the belt end fastening on the belt end rollers via friction. After the assembly process, the rollers 39, 40 are firmly screwed to the rocker 37, 38.
- This design makes it possible to fasten the belt ends using several windings or belt loops.
- the former maintains full belt strength, while loops at the connection point (seam, clamping) weaken the belt.
- the tie rods 35, 36 are each directly connected to the rotatably mounted transversely arranged belt end rollers 39, 40.
- the tangentially arranged cross belts exert a moment on the belt end rollers. These moments each generate a tensile force in the tie rods 35, 36.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Carriers, Traveling Bodies, And Overhead Traveling Cranes (AREA)
- Replacement Of Web Rolls (AREA)
- Winding Of Webs (AREA)
- Transmission Devices (AREA)
- Devices For Conveying Motion By Means Of Endless Flexible Members (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Hubvorrichtung, umfassend
- einen entlang einer Bahn verfahrbaren Tragwagen,
- ein Hubelement zur Aufnahme einer Last,
- eine Hebeeinrichtung, mit der das Hubelement relativ zum Tragwagen in vertikale Richtung angehoben und abgesenkt werden kann,
wobei die Hebeeinrichtung mindestens zwei, vorzugsweise vier, Zugelemente umfasst, wobei jedes Zugelement mit einem Ende am Hubelement und am Tragwagen befestigt ist und am Tragwagen oder am Hubelement über jeweils eine Aufwickelvorrichtung aufwickelbar ist,
wobei jedes Zugelement als flächige Bahn ausgebildet ist und jede Aufwickelvorrichtung mindestens eine Walze umfasst, mit der das Zugelement aufgewickelt werden kann, wobei jedes Zugelement eine Dicke und eine Breite aufweist, wobei die Breite mindestens 100 Mal die Dicke beträgt,
wobei mindestens eine erste Aufwickelvorrichtung und mindestens eine zweite Aufwickelvorrichtung vorhanden ist, wobei eine Walze der ersten Aufwickelvorrichtung und eine Walze der zweiten Aufwickelvorrichtung senkrecht zueinander angeordnete Drehachsen aufweisen.
- a wagon that can be moved along a track,
- a lifting element for receiving a load,
- a lifting device with which the lifting element can be raised and lowered in the vertical direction relative to the carrier,
wherein the lifting device comprises at least two, preferably four, pulling elements, each pulling element being fastened at one end to the lifting element and to the carrying carriage and being able to be wound up on the carrying carriage or on the lifting element in each case by means of a winding device,
wherein each tension element is designed as a flat web and each winding device comprises at least one roller with which the tension element can be wound, each tension element having a thickness and a width, the width being at least 100 times the thickness,
at least one first winding device and at least one second winding device being present, one roller of the first Have winding device and a roller of the second winding device perpendicular to each other arranged axes of rotation.
Eine gattungsgemäße Vorrichtung ist aus der
Eine andere Lösung zeigt die
Die
Eine weitere ähnliche Lösung wird in der
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art so fortzubilden, dass eine leichte und universell nutzbare Hubvorrichtung der gattungsgemäßen Art geschaffen wird, die kompakte Abmessungen aufweist und eine stabile Führung des Hubelements relativ zum Tragwagen erlaubt. Das zum Einsatz kommende Konzept soll weiterhin weitgehend unabhängig von der Hubhöhe und der Anwendung sein.The present invention is therefore based on the object of developing a device of the type mentioned in such a way that a light and universally usable lifting device of the generic type is created, which has compact dimensions and allows stable guidance of the lifting element relative to the carrier. The concept used should continue to be largely independent of the lifting height and the application.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe durch die Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein erster Antrieb für den Antrieb der mindestens einen ersten Aufwickelvorrichtung und ein zweiter Antrieb für den Antrieb der mindestens einen zweiten Aufwickelvorrichtung vorhanden sind, wobei der erste Antrieb einen Antriebsmotor umfasst, der über ein Winkelgetriebe, vorzugsweise über ein Kegelradgetriebe, mindestens eine Welle antreibt, die über ein Getriebeelement eine Walze der ersten Aufwickelvorrichtung antreibt, und wobei der zweite Antrieb einen Antriebsmotor umfasst, der über ein Stirnrad-, Flach- oder Planetengetriebe eine Walze der zweiten Aufwickelvorrichtung antreibt.The solution to this problem by the invention is characterized in that a first drive for driving the at least one first winding device and a second drive for driving the at least one second winding device are provided, the first drive comprising a drive motor which is connected via an angular gear , preferably via a bevel gear, drives at least one shaft which drives a roller of the first winding device via a gear element, and wherein the second drive comprises a drive motor which drives a roller of the second winding device via a spur gear, parallel shaft or planetary gear.
Bevorzugt beträgt die Breite mindestens 200 Mal, besonders bevorzugt mindestens 300 Mal und ganz besonders bevorzugt mindestens 500 Mal die Dicke. Oft beträgt die Breite indes mindestens 1.000 Mal die Dicke.The width is preferably at least 200 times, particularly preferably at least 300 times and very particularly preferably at least 500 times the thickness. However, the width is often at least 1,000 times the thickness.
Mit dieser Angabe ist definiert, das als Zugelement eine bandförmige Struktur zum Einsatz kommen soll, was sich zu den vorbekannten Lösungen mit Seilen oder Ketten, eventuell auch von schmalen Gurten, entsprechend absetzt. Als Zugelemente kommen also beispielsweise breite Flachgurte zum Einsatz bzw. andere flächig ausgebildete und aufwickelbare Bahnen, die insbesondere biegeschlaff sind.With this specification it is defined that a band-shaped structure is to be used as the tension element, which results in the previously known solutions with ropes or chains, possibly also with narrow belts. Wide flat belts, for example, or other sheet-like and windable webs, which in particular are limp in bending, are used as tension elements.
Dabei besteht auch die Möglichkeit, dass die Zugelemente nicht über die gesamte zum Einsatz kommende Höhe eine gleichbleibende Breite aufweisen, um konstruktiven Gegebenheiten Rechnung zu tragen. Insofern besteht beispielsweise die Möglichkeit, dass die Zugelemente insbesondere zum einen Ende hin verbreitert ausgebildet sind. Des Weiteren besteht auch die Möglichkeit, dass die Zugelemente nicht über die gesamte zum Einsatz kommende Höhe eine gleichbleibende Dicke aufweisen. So kann beispielsweise das Zugelement an der Endbefestigung verstärkt und damit dicker ausgeführt sein, als im sonstigen Bereich. Die Basis für das genannte Breiten-Dicken-Verhältnis stellt insofern das flächige Grundmaterial des Zugelements dar.There is also the possibility that the tension elements do not have a constant width over the entire height to be used, in order to take into account the structural conditions. In this respect, for example, there is the possibility that the traction elements are in particular widened towards one end. Furthermore, there is also the possibility that the tension elements do not have a constant thickness over the entire height that is used. For example, the tension element on the end attachment can be reinforced and thus be made thicker than in the other area. The basis for the width-thickness ratio mentioned is the flat base material of the tension element.
Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass die Breite der Zugelemente in Abhängigkeit der äußeren Abmessungen des Tragwagens bzw. des Hubelements gewählt werden. Demgemäß beträgt die Breite der Zugelemente mindestens 50 % der äußeren Abmessungen des Tragwagens und/oder des Hubelements am Ort des Zugelements. Diesbezüglich optimale Werte für die Breite des Zugelements liegen zwischen 50 % und 100 % besagter äußerer Abmessungen. Insbesondere beim Einsatz von Trommeln mit integriertem Antrieb kann der obere Bereich leicht realisiert werden.A further preferred embodiment of the invention provides that the width of the tension elements is selected as a function of the external dimensions of the carrier or lifting element. Accordingly, the width of the tension elements is at least 50% of the external dimensions of the carrier and / or the lifting element at the location of the tension element. In this regard, optimal values for the width of the tension element are between 50% and 100% of said external dimensions. Especially when using drums with an integrated drive, the upper area can be easily realized.
Bevorzugt sind vier Aufwickelvorrichtungen vorhanden, wobei jeweils die Walzen zweier Aufwickelvorrichtungen parallel zueinander angeordnete Drehachsen aufweisen und wobei die Drehachsen der Walzen zweier Aufwickelvorrichtungen zur Drehachse der Walzen zweier weiterer Aufwickelvorrichtungen senkrecht stehen.There are preferably four winding devices, the rollers of two winding devices each being arranged parallel to one another Have axes of rotation and wherein the axes of rotation of the rollers of two winding devices are perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rollers of two further winding devices.
Dabei ist bevorzugt vorgesehen, dass der erste Antrieb für den Antrieb zweier Aufwickelvorrichtungen und der zweite Antrieb für den Antrieb zweier weiterer Aufwickelvorrichtungen vorhanden sind.It is preferably provided that the first drive for driving two winding devices and the second drive for driving two further winding devices are provided.
Eine andere bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung sieht vor, dass drei Aufwickelvorrichtungen vorhanden sind, wobei zwei Walzen der ersten und zweiten Aufwickelvorrichtung parallel zueinander angeordnete Drehachsen aufweisen und die Drehachse der Walze der dritten Aufwickelvorrichtung zur Drehachse der ersten und zweiten Aufwickelvorrichtung senkrecht steht. In diesem Falle bilden die Walzen der ersten und der zweiten Aufwickelvorrichtung und die Walze der dritten Aufwickelvorrichtung in der Draufsicht vorzugsweise eine H-förmige Struktur.Another preferred embodiment of the invention provides that three winding devices are provided, two rollers of the first and second winding device having axes of rotation arranged parallel to one another and the axis of rotation of the roller of the third winding device being perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the first and second winding device. In this case, the rollers of the first and second winders and the roller of the third winders preferably form an H-shaped structure when viewed from above.
Die Zugelemente bestehen gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform der Erfindung aus textilem Material, insbesondere aus einer Gewebebahn, oder aus Metall, insbesondere aus einem Blech oder einem Geflecht.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the tension elements consist of textile material, in particular of a fabric web, or of metal, in particular of sheet metal or a mesh.
Eine weitere bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung sieht vor, dass zwischen dem ersten Antrieb und dem zweiten Antrieb ein Synchronisationselement für das synchrone Bewegen der beiden Antriebe angeordnet ist. Bei Anwendung einer elektronischen Welle und Trommelmotoren mit integriertem Antrieb sind auch vier Antriebe vorstellbar. Gleiches gilt für vier Aufsteckgetriebe.A further preferred embodiment of the invention provides that a synchronization element for the synchronous movement of the two drives is arranged between the first drive and the second drive. When using an electronic shaft and drum motors with an integrated drive, four drives are also conceivable. The same applies to four slip-on gears.
Das Getriebeelement ist dabei bevorzugt ein Riemengetriebe oder ein Kettengetriebe.The transmission element is preferably a belt transmission or a chain transmission.
Das Stirnradgetriebe ist dabei bevorzugt ein Flachgetriebe.The spur gear is preferably a parallel shaft gear.
Zwischen dem Stirnradgetriebe und den beiden Walzen der Aufwickelvorrichtung ist bevorzugt je ein Getriebeelement, insbesondere ein Riemengetriebe oder ein Kettengetriebe, angeordnet. Dabei können Stirnradgetriebe und Flachgetriebe wahlweise eingesetzt werden, die jeweils Wellen mit parallelen Achsen aufweisen.A gear element, in particular a belt gear or a chain gear, is preferably arranged between the spur gear and the two rollers of the winding device. Helical gearboxes and parallel shaft gearboxes can be used, each with shafts with parallel axes.
Die vorliegende Erfindung zielt somit auf die Schaffung eines vorteilhaften Hubgehänges einer Elektrohängebahn ab, mit dem es möglich ist, Lasten stabil zu heben, wobei es in erster Linie um Fahrzeugteile (Karosserien, Motoren) geht, die in Montagelinien zu fördern sind; allerdings sind auch andere Anwendungen, z. B. Hubeinrichtungen für Container, möglich.The present invention thus aims to provide an advantageous lifting sling of an electric monorail system with which it is possible to lift loads in a stable manner, primarily relating to vehicle parts (bodies, engines) which are to be conveyed in assembly lines; however, other applications, e.g. B. lifting devices for containers possible.
Am Tragwagen wird ein geeignetes Aufnahmeelement befestigt, beispielsweise ein 4-Arm-Gehänge oder ein 2-Arm-Gehänge mit entsprechenden Aufnahmebereichen für das zu tragende Bauteil (z. B. Karosserieaufnahme). Hier können auch Elemente vorgesehen werden, die ein Schwenken des zu fördernden Bauteils um die gewünschten Achsen erlauben.A suitable mounting element is attached to the carrier, for example a 4-arm hanger or a 2-arm hanger with corresponding mounting areas for the component to be carried (e.g. body mount). Elements can also be provided here which allow the component to be conveyed to be pivoted about the desired axes.
Demgemäß betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung also eine Vorrichtung zum Heben und Stabilisieren von Lasten, insbesondere ein Gehänge für Fahrzeuge oder Fahrzeugteile, umfassend einen Tragwagen (Oberrahmen) sowie ein darunter angeordnetes Hubelement (Unterrahmen), eine die Last aufnehmende Lastaufnahmeeinrichtung, die über am Unterrahmen befestigte vorzugsweise breite Gurte oder Textilien (Zugelemente) höhenverstellbar ist und die mittels mindestens zwei (bzw. aus Sicherheitsgründen vorzugsweise mindestens drei) Walzen (Trommeln), - die im Falle von drei oder vier Walzen insbesondere orthogonal zueinander angeordnet sind - angehoben bzw. abgesenkt werden kann. Damit wird erreicht, dass über eine Membranwirkung der Gurte bzw. Textilien der Unterrahmen relativ zum Oberrahmen in der Lage stabilisiert wird, was namentlich dadurch erreicht wird, dass die Gute bzw. Textilen (Zugelemente) eine ausreichende, weit über die für die reine Hubfunktion hinausgehende Breite aufweisen und dadurch keine weitere mechanische Stabilisierungseinrichtung wie Scheren, Teleskope etc. benötigt werden, um die Relativbewegung des Unterrahmens zum Oberrahmen in Horizontalrichtung zu stabilisieren.Accordingly, the present invention relates to a device for lifting and stabilizing loads, in particular a hanger for vehicles or vehicle parts, comprising a carrier (upper frame) and a lifting element arranged underneath (lower frame), a load-bearing load-bearing device, which is preferably attached to the lower frame wide straps or textiles (tension elements) is adjustable in height and which can be raised or lowered by means of at least two (or, for safety reasons, preferably at least three) rollers (drums), which are arranged orthogonally to one another in the case of three or four rollers. This ensures that the lower frame is stabilized in relation to the upper frame by a membrane effect of the belts or textiles, which is achieved in particular by the fact that the good or textiles (traction elements) have a sufficient, far beyond that for the pure lifting function Have width and thus no further mechanical stabilization device such as scissors, telescopes etc. are required to stabilize the relative movement of the lower frame to the upper frame in the horizontal direction.
Die Vorrichtung ist dabei insbesondere an verfahrbare Einrichtungen, z.B. an eine Elektrohängebahn, einen sog. "Power&Free-Förderer" oder an hängende Plattformen angekoppelt, so dass autonome selbstfahrende Einheiten entstehen.The device is particularly suitable for movable devices, e.g. coupled to an electric monorail system, a so-called "power & free conveyor" or to hanging platforms, so that autonomous, self-propelled units are created.
Die Befestigung der Zugelemente (Gurte) am Unterrahmen erfolgt dabei vorzugsweise statisch bestimmt, so dass eine gleichmäßige bzw. definierte Verteilung der Last auf die Zugelemente (Gurte bzw. Textilien) erreicht wird.The attachment of the tension elements (straps) to the subframe is preferably statically determined, so that a uniform or defined distribution of the load on the tension elements (straps or textiles) is achieved.
Die Zugelemente können auch durch ein breites, dünnes Metallband oder Metallgewebe realisiert werden.The tension elements can also be realized using a wide, thin metal band or metal mesh.
Die Hubmittel können zur zielgerichteten Kraftübertragung mit vertikalen und diagonalen Zugträgern ausgestattet sein. Sie können mit einer Gleitschicht und/oder einer verschleißfesten Schicht versehen sein.The lifting means can be equipped with vertical and diagonal tension members for targeted power transmission. They can be provided with a sliding layer and / or a wear-resistant layer.
Die Hubmittel können zwecks Zentrierung mit einer oder mehreren konischen, runden oder rechteckigen Führungsnuten versehen sein.The lifting means can be provided with one or more conical, round or rectangular guide grooves for centering purposes.
Aus Sicherheitsgründen bzw. aus Gründen der Flexibilität können bei den Zugelementen auch mehrere Lagen eingesetzt werden.For safety reasons or for reasons of flexibility, several layers can also be used for the tension elements.
Die Walzen (Trommeln) zum Aufwickeln der Zugelemente können ballig ausgestaltet und/oder mit konischen Enden versehen sein, um ein zentrisches Aufwickeln der Zugelemente zu erreichen.The rollers (drums) for winding up the tension elements can be designed spherically and / or be provided with conical ends in order to achieve a central winding of the tension elements.
Zur Sicherstellung eines synchronen Hubbetriebs können die Walzen (Trommeln) mechanisch miteinander gekoppelt sein.To ensure synchronous lifting operation, the rollers (drums) can be mechanically coupled to one another.
Weiterhin kann vorgesehen werden, dass eine Kopplung der Hubantriebe zwecks Reduzierung der Drehmomente primärseitig erfolgt.It can further be provided that the lifting drives are coupled on the primary side in order to reduce the torques.
Die einzelnen Walzen (Trommeln) können einzeln angetrieben, aber auch über eine sog. elektronische Welle miteinander gekoppelt sein.The individual rollers (drums) can be driven individually, but can also be coupled to one another via a so-called electronic shaft.
Der Antrieb bzw. die Antriebe für die Walzen können auch in diese integriert sein.The drive or drives for the rollers can also be integrated into these.
Der Unterrahmen kann mit einem Wechseladapter ausgestattet sein, der die Aufnahme unterschiedlicher Gehänge ermöglicht.The subframe can be equipped with an interchangeable adapter, which allows the attachment of different hangers.
Die Gehängeaufnahmen können dabei gemäß einer Fortbildung auch so ausgebildet sein, dass sie seitlich ausgeschwenkt werden können.According to a further training, the hanger receptacles can also be designed so that they can be swung out to the side.
Eine Ausgestaltung ist dabei auch in der Weise möglich, dass die zu tragende Last um Ihre Längs- oder Hochachse geschwenkt werden kann.An embodiment is also possible in such a way that the load to be carried can be pivoted about its longitudinal or vertical axis.
Die Hubvorrichtung kann weiterhin mit einer oder mit mehreren Sicherheitsbremsen ausgestattet sein.The lifting device can also be equipped with one or more safety brakes.
Weiterhin kann eine Lastmess- oder -begrenzugseinrichtung integriert sein. Auch die Hubmittel können mit einer Lastmesseinrichtung versehen sein.Furthermore, a load measuring or limiting device can be integrated. The lifting means can also be provided with a load measuring device.
Als besonders bevorzugte Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist eine orthogonale Anordnung der Walzen (Hubtrommeln) in Kombination mit einem oder mehreren Stirn-, Flach- oder Planetengetriebe und/oder mit einem oder mehreren Winkelgetriebe für deren Antrieb möglich. Hierdurch kann auf separates Winkelgetriebe verzichtet werden.As a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, an orthogonal arrangement of the rollers (lifting drums) in combination with one or more spur, parallel shaft or planetary gears and / or with one or more angular gears for driving them is possible. This makes it possible to dispense with a separate angular gear.
Die einzelnen Bauteile der vorgeschlagenen Vorrichtung, z. B. die Hubtrommeln, können aus Leichtbaumaterialien wie Aluminium, GFK oder Kohlenstoff (Carbon) gefertigt sein.The individual components of the proposed device, for. B. the lifting drums can be made of lightweight materials such as aluminum, GRP or carbon.
Die Transmissionen können die Drehmomente der Antriebe durch eine entsprechende Übersetzung reduzieren und so wie eine Einscherung wirken. Die Hubmittel zur Drehmomentreduzierung der Hubantriebe können dabei ein- oder mehrfach eingeschert sein.The transmissions can reduce the torques of the drives by means of an appropriate gear ratio and act like reeving. The lifting means for reducing the torque of the lifting drives can be reeved one or more times.
Die Vorrichtung kann weiterhin mit einer Erfassung der Hubhöhe ausgestattet sein. Die Hubmittel können weiterhin zur Überprüfung der Hubhöhe mit einer optischen Anzeige der Hubhöhe bedruckt sein.The device can also be equipped with a detection of the lifting height. The lifting means can also be printed with a visual display of the lifting height to check the lifting height.
Die Hubmittel können weiterhin dauerhaft oder temporär mit Zusatzinformationen, z. B. über Montageschritte, den Fahrzeugtyp, bedruckt sein.The lifting means can continue permanently or temporarily with additional information such. B. printed on assembly steps, the vehicle type.
Die Hubmittel können auch mit Leuchtmitteln und/oder mit einer reflektierenden Schicht ausgestattet sein und so zur Ausleuchtung der Arbeitsbereiche beitragen.The lifting means can also be equipped with illuminants and / or with a reflective layer and thus contribute to the illumination of the work areas.
Der Ober- und/oder Unterrahmen kann zur erleichterten Wartung begehbar ausgeführt sein.The upper and / or lower frame can be made accessible for easier maintenance.
Die vorgeschlagene Lösung ermöglicht somit durch eine Zusammenfassung von Tragmittel und Stabilisierungseinrichtung sowie die antriebstechnische Integration der Hubeinrichtung in den Oberrahmen einen kompakten und leichten Aufbau. Die vorzugsweise drei oder vier Zugelemente sind jeweils insbesondere als breite dünne Wickelgurte ausgeführt und werden auf drei in H-Form oder vier rundum angeordneten Walzen aufgewickelt. Eine Karbonausführung der Walzen ermöglicht eine weitere Gewichtseinsparung, ohne die Haltbarkeit oder die Stabilität nachteilig zu beeinflussen.The proposed solution thus enables a compact and light construction by combining suspension means and stabilizing device and the drive-technical integration of the lifting device in the upper frame. The preferably three or four tension elements are each designed, in particular, as wide, thin winding belts and are wound onto three rollers arranged in an H shape or four all around. A carbon version of the rollers enables further weight savings without adversely affecting durability or stability.
Die Stabilisierungswirkung erfolgt über eine Membranwirkung der Zugelemente, die durch das Eigengewicht des Unterrahmens sowie der zu tragenden Last erzeugt wird. Unterschiedliche, an die jeweilige Anwendung angepasste Hubwege können einfach durch eine Verlängerung oder Kürzung der Zugelemente realisiert werden, ohne dass die Grundkonstruktion der vorgeschlagenen Vorrichtung verändert oder angepasst werden muss. Dies ermöglicht die Realisierung eines hohen Standardisierungsgrades, einer Forderung, die gerade in der Automobilindustrie immer wieder erhoben wird. Die Anzahl der Zugelemente ist mit drei oder vier überschaubar, wobei jeweils zwei Zugelemente oder Kombinationen von Zugelementen redundant angeordnet sind und bei Ausfall eines Zugelements oder eines Antriebsstrangs die Sicherung der kompletten Hublast übernehmen können. Weiterhin werden vorzugsweise ein Flach- bzw. Stirnrad- und ein Kegelradgetriebemotor zu Betätigung der Hubvorrichtung kombiniert. Dadurch wird neben der Redundanz auch eine Diversität im Antriebsstrang erreicht, was die Sicherheit weiter erhöht. Die beiden Antriebe sind primärseitig vorzugsweise über eine elastische oder kardanische Welle gekoppelt. Dies stellt sicher, dass beide Antriebe synchron laufen. Hier kann im gegebenen Falle auch eine Begrenzung der Senkgeschwindigkeit, z. B. als Fliehkraftbremse ausgeführt, vorgesehen werden und/oder eine zusätzliche Sicherheitsbremse angreifen. Durch die primärseitige Kopplung bleiben die Momente gering, was sich positiv auf die Dimensionierung der Kraftübertragungselemente bzw. der Sicherheitselemente auswirkt und ebenfalls zu einer Gewichtsminderung beiträgt.The stabilizing effect is achieved through a membrane effect of the tension elements, which is generated by the weight of the lower frame and the load to be carried. Different lifting paths adapted to the respective application can be realized simply by lengthening or shortening the tension elements without the basic construction of the proposed device having to be changed or adapted. This enables a high degree of standardization to be realized, a requirement that is repeatedly raised in the automotive industry. The number of tension elements is manageable with three or four, whereby two tension elements or combinations of tension elements are arranged redundantly and can take over the securing of the complete lifting load in the event of failure of a tension element or a drive train. Furthermore, a flat or spur gear and a bevel gear motor are preferably combined to actuate the lifting device. In addition to redundancy, this also achieves diversity in the drive train, which further increases safety. The two drives are preferably coupled on the primary side via an elastic or cardan shaft. This ensures that both drives run synchronously. Here, a limitation of the lowering speed, for. B. executed as a centrifugal brake, be provided and / or attack an additional safety brake. The moments on the primary side remain low, which has a positive effect on the dimensioning of the power transmission elements or the safety elements and also contributes to a reduction in weight.
Die Kraftübertragung zwischen Antrieben und Wickelwalzen ermöglicht das Einbringen einer zusätzlichen Übersetzung. Dadurch und durch einen relativ kleinen Durchmesser der Wickelwalzen reduziert sich das erforderliche Antriebsmoment auf die Hubantriebe, wodurch diese in der Getriebegröße und damit im Gewicht reduziert werden können.The power transmission between drives and winding rollers enables an additional ratio to be introduced. As a result of this and due to the relatively small diameter of the winding rollers, the required drive torque is reduced to the lifting drives, as a result of which the gearbox size and thus the weight can be reduced.
Um die Einstellung zu vereinfachen und einen dauerhaft sicheren Betrieb zu ermöglichen, ist es denkbar, die Krafteinleitung der Flachgurte in den Unterrahmen statisch bestimmt auszulegen. Dadurch ist sichergestellt, dass immer alle (vorzugsweise) drei oder vier Flachgurte gleichmäßig belastet werden.In order to simplify the setting and to ensure permanent, safe operation, it is conceivable to design the force transmission of the flat belts in the subframe to be statically determined. This ensures that all (preferably) three or four flat belts are always equally loaded.
An den Unterrahmen können sowohl 2-Armgehänge, 4-Armgehänge, Schwenkarme oder ein Schwenkrahmen adaptiert werden. Die Lösung kann sowohl in stationäre Einrichtungen als auch in verschiedene Fördertechnikkonzepte eingebunden werden. So sind sowohl Elektrohängebahn-Einspur-, als auch Elektrohängebahn-Doppelspurlösungen denkbar. Auch könnte die Einrichtung in sog. "Power- & Free-Anlagen" oder hängende Schubplattformkonzepte integriert werden.Both 2-arm hangers, 4-arm hangers, swivel arms or a swivel frame can be adapted to the subframe. The solution can be integrated in stationary facilities as well as in various conveyor technology concepts. So both monorail monorail and double monorail solutions are conceivable. The facility could also be integrated into so-called "power & free systems" or hanging push platform concepts.
Weiterhin ist es denkbar, im Unter- und/oder Oberrahmen Trittmatten oder Trittbleche anzuordnen, um die Zugänglichkeit für Wartungsarbeiten zu verbessern. Da der Unterrahmen im inneren Bereich ansonsten konzeptionsbedingt keine Einbauten aufweist, kann gegebenenfalls auch mit einer maßlich angepassten Hebebühne zwischen die Aufnahmetraversen eingefahren werden, wodurch Wartungsarbeiten an der Hubeinrichtung - insbesondere im Gegensatz zu den vorbekannten Lösungen - erheblich vereinfacht werden.Furthermore, it is conceivable to arrange step mats or step plates in the lower and / or upper frame in order to improve the accessibility for maintenance work. Since the inner frame of the subframe otherwise has no built-in components due to the design, it can also be inserted with a dimensioned lifting platform between the mounting crossbeams, which considerably simplifies maintenance work on the lifting device - especially in contrast to the previously known solutions.
Wie erwähnt, stehen die Drehachsen der Walzen der genannten Aufwickelvorrichtungen senkrecht zueinander. Hierunter ist natürlich zu verstehen, dass besagte Rechtwinkeligkeit in einer der Ansichten, insbesondere in der Draufsicht auf die Vorrichtung, gegeben ist. Ferner sei erwähnt, dass natürlich auch geringfügige Abweichungen von der Rechtwinkeligkeit vom Erfindungsgedanken erfasst sind, wenn also beispielsweise die Achsen einen Winkel von nur 87° einschließen.As mentioned, the axes of rotation of the rollers of the winding devices mentioned are perpendicular to one another. This is of course to be understood to mean that said rectangularity is given in one of the views, in particular in the top view of the device. It should also be mentioned that, of course, slight deviations from the rectangularity are also covered by the inventive concept, for example if the axes enclose an angle of only 87 °.
In der Zeichnung sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dargestellt. Es zeigen:
- Fig. 1
- in perspektivischer Darstellung eine Hubvorrichtung, die entlang einer Bahn in horizontaler Richtung beweglich angeordnet ist, wobei sich ein Hubelement (Unterrahmen) relativ zu einem Tragwagen (Oberrahmen) in einer abgesenkten Position befindet,
- Fig. 2
- in der Darstellung gemäß
Figur 1 - allerdings von einer tieferen Position aus betrachtet - die Hubvorrichtung, wobei sich das Hubelement relativ zum Tragwagen in einer angehobenen Position befindet, - Fig. 3
- in perspektivischer Darstellung die Hubvorrichtung ohne Bahn (Schiene) von einer oberen Position aus betrachtet,
- Fig. 4
- die Draufsicht auf die
Anordnung gemäß Figur 3 , - Fig. 5
- in perspektivischer Darstellung eine alternative Ausführungsform der Erfindung in der Darstellung gemäß
Figur 3 , - Fig. 6
- die Draufsicht auf die
Anordnung gemäß Figur 5 , - Fig. 7
- in perspektivischer Darstellung den Unterrahmen der Hubvorrichtung mit einem Gurtlängenausgleich gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform,
- Fig. 8
- in perspektivischer Darstellung den Unterrahmen der Hubvorrichtung mit einem Gurtlängenausgleich gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform und
- Fig. 9
- in perspektivischer Darstellung einen Ausschnitt aus
Figur 7 bzw. , wobei ein Exzenter dargestellt ist.Figur 8
- Fig. 1
- a perspective view of a lifting device which is arranged to be movable along a track in the horizontal direction, a lifting element (lower frame) being in a lowered position relative to a carrier (upper frame),
- Fig. 2
- in the representation according to
Figure 1 - but viewed from a lower position - the lifting device, the lifting element being in a raised position relative to the carrier, - Fig. 3
- a perspective view of the lifting device without a track (rail) viewed from an upper position,
- Fig. 4
- the top view of the arrangement according
Figure 3 , - Fig. 5
- a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the invention in the representation according to
Figure 3 , - Fig. 6
- the top view of the arrangement according
Figure 5 , - Fig. 7
- a perspective view of the lower frame of the lifting device with a belt length compensation according to a first embodiment,
- Fig. 8
- in a perspective view the subframe of the lifting device with a belt length compensation according to a second embodiment and
- Fig. 9
- a perspective view of a section
Figure 7 or.Figure 8 , with an eccentric is shown.
In den Figuren ist eine Hubvorrichtung 1 dargestellt, die entlang einer Bahn 2 in Form einer Schiene in eine horizontale Richtung beweglich angeordnet ist. Mit der Hubvorrichtung 1 können Bauteile in horizontaler Richtung gefördert werden, wozu die Hubvorrichtung 1 entlang der Bahn 2 verfahren wird. Besagte Verfahrbewegung kann aktiv oder passiv erfolgen, d. h. es können im Bereich der Bahn 2 motorisierte oder nicht motorisierte Antriebsrollen vorgesehen werden.In the figures, a lifting device 1 is shown, which is arranged to be movable in a horizontal direction along a
Die Hubvorrichtung 1 umfasst im wesentlichen einen oben angeordneten Tragwagen 3 (Oberrahmen) und ein unten angeordnetes Hubelement 4 (Unterrahmen), wobei eine Hebeeinrichtung 5 vorgesehen ist, um das Hubelement 4 in Richtung der Vertikalen V relativ zum Tragwagen 3 zu bewegen, d. h. anzuheben oder abzusenken. Am Hubelement 4 ist ein Gehänge 31 befestigt, das zur Aufnahme eines Bauteils, beispielsweise eines Karosserieteils, dient.The lifting device 1 essentially comprises a
Die Hebeeinrichtung 5 umfasst vier Aufwickelvorrichtungen 10, 11, 12 und 13, die jeweils eine angetriebene Walze 14, 15, 16 und 17 umfassen, wobei jede Walze 14, 15, 16, 17 ein Zugelement 6, 7, 8 und 9 auf- bzw. abwickelt, wenn sie um ihre jeweilige Drehachse a1, a2, a3 bzw. a4 gedreht wird (siehe hierzu
Die Zugelemente 6, 7, 8 und 9 sind dabei als flächige Bahnen und insbesondere als breite Gurte ausgebildet, die beispielsweise aus Textilmaterial oder auch aus einem metallischen Geflecht bestehen können. In
Insbesondere in den
Hiernach ist ein erster Antrieb 18 vorgesehen, der einen Antriebsmotor 21 aufweist, der ein Kegelradgetriebe 22 antreibt. Vom Kegelradgetriebe 22 werden zwei Wellen 23 und 24 angetrieben, über die wiederum je ein Getriebeelement 25 und 26 angetrieben wird; bei dem Getriebeelement 25, 26 handelt es sich bevorzugt um ein Ketten- oder Riemengetriebe. Hiermit werden die Walzen 14 bzw. 15 synchron gedreht.Thereafter, a
Weiterhin ist ein zweiter Antrieb 19 vorhanden, der einen Antriebsmotor 27 aufweist, mit dem ein Stirnradgetriebe 28 angetrieben wird. Das Stirnradgetriebe 28 treibt seinerseits zwei Getriebeelemente 29 und 30 an - auch wieder bevorzugt ausgebildet als Ketten- oder Riemengetriebe -, mit denen die Walzen 16 und 17 synchron gedreht werden.Furthermore, there is a
Die beiden Antriebe 18 und 19 sind wiederum relativ zueinander synchronisiert, wozu ein Synchronisationselement 20 vorgesehen ist. Im Ausführungsbeispiel ist hierfür ein Wellenabschnitt vorgesehen, der die beiden Antriebsmotoren 21 und 27 miteinander verbindet, so dass deren Wellen nur synchron drehen können.The two drives 18 and 19 are in turn synchronized relative to one another, for which purpose a
In den
Eine spezielle und nachfolgend beschriebene Ausgestaltung der Erfindung beschäftigt sich mit einem statisch bestimmten Gurtlängenausgleich, die als Option bei der beschriebenen Hubvorrichtung vorgesehen werden kann.A special embodiment of the invention described below deals with a statically determined belt length compensation, which can be provided as an option in the lifting device described.
Die Hubvorrichtung 1 (Hubgehänge) besteht - wie beschrieben - aus dem Tragwagen 3 (Oberrahmen) und dem Hubelement 4 (Unterrahmen). Der Unterrahmen wird durch die Zugelemente 6, 7, 8, 9 gehalten. Um die Hublast so niedrig wie möglich zu halten, werden die Aufwickelvorrichtungen sinnvollerweise im Oberrahmen 3 angeordnet. Dies bedeutet, dass die Gurtendbefestigung am Unterrahmen 4 erfolgt. Durch Dickentoleranzen der Zugelemente (Hubgurte), Durchmesserunterschiede der Wickeltrommeln, kleine Übersetzungsfehler, etc. können sich unterschiedliche Gurtlängen ergeben. Weiterhin ist es bei der Montage schwierig, die Gurtlänge so einzustellen, dass sich eine gewünschte Traglastverteilung einstellt.The lifting device 1 (lifting sling) consists - as described - of the carrier 3 (upper frame) and the lifting element 4 (lower frame). The subframe is held by the
Die nachfolgend beschriebene Ausgestaltung stellt eine vordefinierte Lastverteilung auf die Zugelemente sicher, wobei kleine Längendifferenzen der Zugelemente ausgeglichen werden. Dabei kann die Gurtendbefestigung sowohl durch das Aufwickeln mehrerer Lagen auf eine Rolle erfolgen, als auch durch das Ausbilden von Schlaufen in den Gurten.The configuration described below ensures a predefined load distribution on the tension elements, small differences in length of the tension elements being compensated for. The belt end attachment both by winding several layers on a roll, as well as by forming loops in the belts.
Besonders bevorzugt sind die beiden nachfolgend beschriebenen alternativen Ausgestaltungen des besagten Gurtlängenausgleichs.The two alternative configurations of the said belt length compensation described below are particularly preferred.
Als Lösung gemäß Typ A wird diejenige nachfolgend bezeichnet, die in
Die Lösungen gemäß Typ A und Typ B sind nicht gleichermaßen für beide Arten der genannten Gurtendbefestigung geeignet. Während Typ A bei beiden genannten Arten der Gurtendbefestigung eingesetzt werden kann, muss bei Typ B der Gurt zwingend auf eine drehbare Gurtendrolle aufgewickelt werden.The solutions according to type A and type B are not equally suitable for both types of belt end attachment. While type A can be used with both types of belt end attachment mentioned, with type B the belt must be wound up on a rotating belt end reel.
Zentrales Element des Gurtlängenausgleichs sind zwei Exzenter 32, die mittig im Unterrahmen 4 gelagert sind. Die längs angeordnete Gurtendrolle 33 ist in einer Wippe 34 gelagert, deren Drehachse W exzentrisch zur Drehachse E des Exzenters 32 in diesem gelagert ist. Durch die Gurtzugkraft auf die längs angeordnete Gurtendrolle 33 entsteht ein linksdrehendes Drehmoment auf die Exzenter 32. Dieses Drehmoment steht im Gleichgewicht mit einem rechtdrehenden Drehmoment, das zwei Zugstangen 35, 36 ausüben. Diese Zugstangen 35, 36 sind jeweils entweder mit zwei weiteren Wippen 37, 38 der quer angeordneten Gurtendrollen 39, 40 (beim Typ A gemäß
Dabei nimmt die Zugkraft der Zugstangen 35, 36 proportional mit der Gurtzugkraft der Quergurte 6, 7 zu und damit das rechtsdrehende Moment. Das linksdrehende Moment wiederum ist proportional mit der Zugkraft des Längsgurtes 8 (s.
Durch eine Vergrößerung der Exzentrizität nimmt beispielsweise die Last auf den Längsgurt 8 ab und die Last auf die beiden Quergurte 6, 7 zu. So kann beispielsweise eine Zugkraftverteilung 30% quer / 40% längs / 30% quer vorgegeben werden.By increasing the eccentricity, for example, the load on the
Die Sollposition des Exzenters 32 ist dann gegeben, wenn die Drehachse des Exzenters E und die Drehachse W der Wippe der längs angeordneten Gurtendrolle 33 in einer horizontalen Ebene liegen. Kleine Änderungen der Gurtlänge beim Aufwickelvorgang oder bedingt durch unterschiedliche Gurtdehnungen können die Exzenter 32 durch eine kleine Drehbewegung ausgleichen. Dabei verhalten sich die längs angeordnete Gurtendrolle 33 und die beiden quer angeordneten Gurtendrollen 39, 40 antivalent. Dies bedeutet, eine Dehnung des Längsgurtes 8 kann durch eine Rechtsdrehung der Exzenter 32 ausglichen werden, was an den Quergurten 6, 7 einer Hubbewegung der Gurtendrollen entspricht. Dadurch kann sich ein neues Gleichgewicht unter weitgehender Wahrung der vorgegeben Lastverteilung einstellen.The desired position of the eccentric 32 is given when the axis of rotation of the eccentric E and the axis of rotation W of the rocker of the longitudinally arranged
Die Wippe 37, 38 der quer angeordneten Gurtendrolle 39, 40 stellt sicher, dass der Längsgurt 8 symmetrisch belastet wird, auch wenn sich beispielsweise die beiden Quergurte 6, 7 leicht asymmetrisch aufwickeln oder sich durch eine in Längsrichtung unsymmetrische Lastverteilung leicht unterschiedlich dehnen. Auf den Längsgurt 8 wirkende Längskräfte können über die Quersteifigkeit des Längsgurtes trotzdem aufgenommen werden.The
Über eine Abfrage der Exzenter-Bewegung, z.B. über Endschalter, können zusätzlich Gurtriss oder Schlaffgurt detektiert werden.By querying the eccentric movement, e.g. Belt breaks or slack can also be detected using limit switches.
Wie für den Typ A (mit Wippen für Querrollen) gemäß
Diese Bauweise ermöglicht es, die Gurtenden über mehrere Wicklungen oder über Gurtschlaufen zu befestigen. Ersteres erhält die volle Gurtfestigkeit, während Schlaufen an der Verbindungsstelle (Naht, Klemmung) den Gurt schwächen.This design makes it possible to fasten the belt ends using several windings or belt loops. The former maintains full belt strength, while loops at the connection point (seam, clamping) weaken the belt.
Wie für den Typ B (mit drehbaren Querrollen) gemäß
- 11
- HubvorrichtungLifting device
- 22nd
- Bahn (Schiene)Rail
- 33rd
- Tragwagen (Oberrahmen)Carriage (upper frame)
- 44th
- Hubelement (Unterrahmen)Lifting element (subframe)
- 55
- HebeeinrichtungLifting device
- 66
- Zugelement (Textilbahn, Gurt)Tension element (textile web, belt)
- 77
- Zugelement (Textilbahn, Gurt)Tension element (textile web, belt)
- 88th
- Zugelement (Textilbahn, Gurt)Tension element (textile web, belt)
- 99
- Zugelement (Textilbahn, Gurt)Tension element (textile web, belt)
- 1010th
- AufwickelvorrichtungTake-up device
- 1111
- AufwickelvorrichtungTake-up device
- 1212th
- AufwickelvorrichtungTake-up device
- 1313
- AufwickelvorrichtungTake-up device
- 1414
- Walzeroller
- 1515
- Walzeroller
- 1616
- Walzeroller
- 1717th
- Walzeroller
- 1818th
- erster Antriebfirst drive
- 1919th
- zweiter Antriebsecond drive
- 2020
- SynchronisationselementSynchronization element
- 2121
- Antriebsmotor des ersten AntriebsDrive motor of the first drive
- 2222
- Winkelgetriebe (Kegelradgetriebe)Angular gear (bevel gear)
- 2323
- Wellewave
- 2424th
- Wellewave
- 2525th
- Getriebeelement (Riemengetriebe / Kettengetriebe)Transmission element (belt transmission / chain transmission)
- 2626
- Getriebeelement (Riemengetriebe / Kettengetriebe)Transmission element (belt transmission / chain transmission)
- 2727
- Antriebsmotor des zweiten AntriebsDrive motor of the second drive
- 2828
- StirnradgetriebeHelical gear
- 2929
- Getriebeelement (Riemengetriebe / Kettengetriebe)Transmission element (belt transmission / chain transmission)
- 3030th
- Getriebeelement (Riemengetriebe / Kettengetriebe)Transmission element (belt transmission / chain transmission)
- 3131
- GehängeHangers
- 3232
- Exzentereccentric
- 3333
- Gurtendrolle (längs)Belt end roll (lengthways)
- 3434
- WippeSeesaw
- 3535
- Zugstangepull bar
- 3636
- Zugstangepull bar
- 3737
- WippeSeesaw
- 3838
- WippeSeesaw
- 3939
- Gurtendrolle (quer)Belt end roller (across)
- 4040
- Gurtendrolle (quer)Belt end roller (across)
- VV
- Vertikalevertical
- DD
- Dickethickness
- BB
- Breitewidth
- a1 a 1
- DrehachseAxis of rotation
- a2 a 2
- DrehachseAxis of rotation
- a3 a 3
- DrehachseAxis of rotation
- a4 a 4
- DrehachseAxis of rotation
- WW
-
Drehachse der Wippe 34Axis of rotation of
rocker 34 - EE
- Drehachse des ExzentersAxis of rotation of the eccentric
Claims (11)
- Lifting apparatus (1), comprising- a support carriage (3) which can be moved along a track (2),- a lifting element (4) for holding a load,- a lifting device (5) with which the lifting element (4) can be raised and lowered in the vertical direction (V) relative to the supporting carriage (3),wherein the lifting device (5) comprises at least two tension elements (6, 7, 8, 9), wherein each tension element (6, 7, 8, 9) is fixed with one end at the lifting element (4) and at the supporting carriage (3) and can be wound by means of each one winding apparatus (10, 11, 12, 13) onto the supporting carriage (3) or onto the lifting element (4),
wherein each tension element (6, 7, 8, 9) is designed as plane sheet and each winding apparatus (10, 11, 12, 13) comprises at least one roller (14, 15, 16, 17) by which the tension element (6, 7, 8, 9) can be wound, wherein each tension element (6, 7, 8, 9) comprises a thickness (D) and a width (B), wherein the width (B) is at least 100 times of the thickness (D),
wherein at least one first winding apparatus (10, 11) and at least one second winding apparatus (12, 13) is given, wherein a roller (14, 15) of the first winding apparatus (10, 11) and a roller (16, 17) of the second winding apparatus (12, 13) have axes of rotation (a1, a2, a3, a4) which are arranged perpendicular to another,
characterized in
that a first drive (18) is present for driving of the at least one first winding apparatus (10, 11) and a second drive (19) for driving of the at least one second winding apparatus (12, 13),
wherein the first drive (18) comprises a drive motor (21) which drives at least one shaft (23, 24) via an conical gear mechanism (22), preferably via a bevel gear, which shaft (23, 24) drives a roller (14, 15) of the first winding apparatus (10, 11) via a gear mechanism element (25, 26) and
wherein the second drive (19) comprises a drive motor (27) which drives a roller (16, 17) of the second winding apparatus (12, 13) via a spur gear, a parallel-shaft gear or a planetary gear mechanism (28). - Lifting apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the width (B) is at least 500 times of the thickness (D).
- Lifting apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that four winding apparatus (10, 11, 12, 13) are present, wherein respectively the roller (14, 15, 16, 17) of two winding apparatus (10, 11, 12, 13) have axes of rotation (a1, a2, a3, a4) which are arranged parallel to another and wherein the axes of rotation (a1, a2) of the rollers (14, 15) of two winding apparatus (10, 11) are perpendicular to the axis of rotation (a3, a4) of the rollers (16, 17) of the two further winding apparatus (12, 13).
- Lifting apparatus according to claim 3, characterized in that the first drive (18) for driving of two winding apparatus (10, 11) and the second drive (19) for driving of two further winding apparatus (12, 13) are present.
- Lifting apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that three winding apparatus (10, 11, 12) are present, wherein two rollers (14, 15) of the first and second winding apparatus (10, 11) have axes of rotation (a1, a2) which are arranged parallel to another and the axis of rotation (a3) of the roller (16) of the third winding apparatus (12) is arranged perpendicular to the axis of rotation (a1, a2) of the first and second winding apparatus (10, 11).
- Lifting apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the rollers (14, 15) of the first and second winding apparatus (10, 11) and the roller (16) of the third winding apparatus (12) form a H-shaped structure in the top plan view.
- Lifting apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the tension elements (6, 7, 8, 9) consist of textile material, especially of a textile sheet, or of metal, especially of a metal sheet or of a netting.
- Lifting apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that between the first drive (18) and the second drive (19) a synchronization element (20) is arranged for a synchronal movement of the two drives (18, 19).
- Lifting apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the gear mechanism element (25, 26) is a belt drive or a chain drive.
- Lifting apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the spur gear (28) is a parallel-shaft gear.
- Lifting apparatus according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that between the spur gear (28) and the roller (16, 17) of the second winding apparatus (12, 13) a gear element (29, 30) is arranged, especially a belt drive or a chain drive.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102016001695.7A DE102016001695B4 (en) | 2016-02-13 | 2016-02-13 | lifting device |
PCT/EP2017/000182 WO2017137163A1 (en) | 2016-02-13 | 2017-02-09 | Lifting apparatus |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3414201A1 EP3414201A1 (en) | 2018-12-19 |
EP3414201B1 true EP3414201B1 (en) | 2020-07-22 |
Family
ID=58046613
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP17705307.1A Active EP3414201B1 (en) | 2016-02-13 | 2017-02-09 | Lifting device |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US10934139B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3414201B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN108602652B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102016001695B4 (en) |
HU (1) | HUE051058T2 (en) |
MX (1) | MX2018009730A (en) |
RU (1) | RU2730698C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2017137163A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
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CN108758404A (en) * | 2018-06-06 | 2018-11-06 | 安徽艳阳电气集团有限公司 | A kind of LED projector lamp of transhipment and regulating irradiation angle easy to remove |
CN111731729A (en) * | 2019-04-30 | 2020-10-02 | 北京京东乾石科技有限公司 | Goods shelf shuttle and goods shelf system |
IT201900017144A1 (en) * | 2019-09-24 | 2021-03-24 | Diego Angei | CRANE DEVICE FOR LIFTING AND MOVING A LOAD, AND RELATED EQUIPMENT |
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- 2017-02-09 EP EP17705307.1A patent/EP3414201B1/en active Active
- 2017-02-09 US US16/077,644 patent/US10934139B2/en active Active
- 2017-02-09 MX MX2018009730A patent/MX2018009730A/en unknown
- 2017-02-09 CN CN201780010480.1A patent/CN108602652B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2017-02-09 RU RU2018131726A patent/RU2730698C2/en active
- 2017-02-09 HU HUE17705307A patent/HUE051058T2/en unknown
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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WO2017137163A1 (en) | 2017-08-17 |
EP3414201A1 (en) | 2018-12-19 |
US20190031478A1 (en) | 2019-01-31 |
RU2730698C2 (en) | 2020-08-25 |
CN108602652B (en) | 2021-01-08 |
US10934139B2 (en) | 2021-03-02 |
DE102016001695B4 (en) | 2018-06-07 |
HUE051058T2 (en) | 2021-03-01 |
DE102016001695A1 (en) | 2017-08-17 |
RU2018131726A (en) | 2020-03-13 |
MX2018009730A (en) | 2019-07-08 |
CN108602652A (en) | 2018-09-28 |
RU2018131726A3 (en) | 2020-03-18 |
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