EP3412754B1 - Fine coal charge for a fixed bed pressure gasifier - Google Patents

Fine coal charge for a fixed bed pressure gasifier Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3412754B1
EP3412754B1 EP17400030.7A EP17400030A EP3412754B1 EP 3412754 B1 EP3412754 B1 EP 3412754B1 EP 17400030 A EP17400030 A EP 17400030A EP 3412754 B1 EP3412754 B1 EP 3412754B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
density
heavy
fixed
coal
heavy material
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EP17400030.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3412754A1 (en
Inventor
Nicolás Spiegl
Frederic Judas
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Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Air Liquide SA
LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude
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Application filed by Air Liquide SA, LAir Liquide SA pour lEtude et lExploitation des Procedes Georges Claude filed Critical Air Liquide SA
Priority to EP17400030.7A priority Critical patent/EP3412754B1/en
Priority to PCT/EP2018/025142 priority patent/WO2018224186A1/en
Priority to CN201820875258.XU priority patent/CN209652248U/en
Priority to CN201810576476.8A priority patent/CN109022039B/en
Publication of EP3412754A1 publication Critical patent/EP3412754A1/en
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Publication of EP3412754B1 publication Critical patent/EP3412754B1/en
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20Apparatus; Plants
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L9/00Treating solid fuels to improve their combustion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03BSEPARATING SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS
    • B03B9/00General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B03B9/005General arrangement of separating plant, e.g. flow sheets specially adapted for coal
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20Apparatus; Plants
    • C10J3/30Fuel charging devices
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L5/00Solid fuels
    • C10L5/02Solid fuels such as briquettes consisting mainly of carbonaceous materials of mineral or non-mineral origin
    • C10L5/04Raw material of mineral origin to be used; Pretreatment thereof
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10JPRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J2300/00Details of gasification processes
    • C10J2300/09Details of the feed, e.g. feeding of spent catalyst, inert gas or halogens
    • C10J2300/0913Carbonaceous raw material
    • C10J2300/093Coal
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/04Gasification
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/24Mixing, stirring of fuel components
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/28Cutting, disintegrating, shredding or grinding
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10LFUELS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NATURAL GAS; SYNTHETIC NATURAL GAS OBTAINED BY PROCESSES NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C10G, C10K; LIQUEFIED PETROLEUM GAS; ADDING MATERIALS TO FUELS OR FIRES TO REDUCE SMOKE OR UNDESIRABLE DEPOSITS OR TO FACILITATE SOOT REMOVAL; FIRELIGHTERS
    • C10L2290/00Fuel preparation or upgrading, processes or apparatus therefore, comprising specific process steps or apparatus units
    • C10L2290/54Specific separation steps for separating fractions, components or impurities during preparation or upgrading of a fuel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a plant for producing a fine coal insert from raw coal associated with bedrock as a starting material for a fixed bed pressure gasifier of the FBDB type.
  • Synthesis gases are gas mixtures containing hydrogen and carbon oxides, which are used in various synthesis reactions. Examples of this are methanol synthesis, the production of ammonia by the Haber-Bosch process or the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.
  • a common process for the production of synthesis gases is the gasification of coal by means of fixed-bed pressure gasification reactors using water vapor (hereinafter simply referred to as steam) and oxygen or air as a gasification agent in a shaft reactor under excess pressure to give a synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, depending on the procedure solid ashes or liquid slag are obtained as by-products from gasification.
  • steam water vapor
  • oxygen or air as a gasification agent in a shaft reactor under excess pressure to give a synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, depending on the procedure solid ashes or liquid slag are obtained as by-products from gasification.
  • the gasification medium therefore moves through the bed made of granular or particulate fuel or feedstock.
  • This type of gasifier has excellent thermal efficiency, as discharged ash heats the incoming gases and the discharged product gas heats up the solid feed.
  • the long residence times of solid particles moving through the bed typically 1 to 2 hours, together with the typical temperature profile of the countercurrent system, enable high carbon conversion efficiency.
  • a widely used version of the moving bed gasifier is the Lurgi pressure gasifier with dry ash bed (Lurgi FBDB (fixed bed dry bottom) gasifier), which has been used commercially since the 1930s.
  • the carburetor is surrounded by a water jacket for cooling, in which process steam is generated.
  • Storage tanks and a lock system for feeding the coal used as feed material are mounted on top of the carburetor.
  • a motor driven distributor is used to evenly distribute the coal entering the reaction chamber over the coal bed.
  • a mechanical stirrer is included in some versions to allow the use of baking coals.
  • a motorized rotating grate on the bottom of the carburetor is used to draw off the ash that has been created, which is discharged via a corresponding lock system and fed to a storage container.
  • Steam and oxygen or air are introduced at the bottom of the carburetor as a gasifying agent and distributed into the carbon bed via the rotating grate.
  • the grate supports the carbon bed and is constantly rotated to ensure a constant, even discharge of the ashes.
  • Raw synthesis gas as the product gas is at the top of the gasifier with a typical temperature between 400 and 600 ° C discharged and flows through a washer-cooler, where it is cooled and washed. A further cooling, cleaning and conditioning of the gas takes place depending on the desired application.
  • coal which are intended for use in gasification processes such as the FBDB process, contain a more or less high proportion of minerals as bedrock or - according to mining terminology - mountains.
  • the ash content is normally reduced by a washing process, the so-called coal washing.
  • the main advantages of a reduced ash content are reduced transport costs and the associated reduced emissions from transport, as well as a reduced wear of the equipment and associated lower maintenance costs and a higher thermal efficiency of the process.
  • the ash content is reduced by density separation processes such as coal washing, in which the raw coal is separated into a fraction with a high ash content and a high relative density and into a fraction with a low ash content and a relatively low density.
  • a stable operation of an FBDB coal gasifier also requires an ash bed that is stable enough to support the weight of the coal bed and also enables a uniform and homogeneous distribution of the gas flow through the fixed bed. To achieve this, it is necessary to optimize the ratio of liquid slag and solid minerals in the hottest zone of the gasification reactor by adjusting the vapor-to-oxygen ratio in the gasification agent accordingly.
  • a reduction in the coal ash content is also of interest in order to reduce the wear and maintenance costs of the gasification reactor. It can be done by a known density separation before gasification, which is also referred to as coal washing.
  • the U.S. patent US 8906122 B2 teaches a process for producing a coal insert for coal gasification, in which the raw coal used is subjected to a coal wash, whereby coal fractions with different densities and mineral contents are obtained.
  • the light fraction obtained is fed to entrained-flow gasification and the heavy fraction to fixed-bed pressure gasification.
  • the disadvantage here is that two different gasification technologies have to be used.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to propose a method and a plant for producing a fine coal insert for a fixed bed pressure gasifier which does not have the disadvantages mentioned of the methods known from the prior art.
  • the invention also relates to a system for carrying out the method according to the invention, and further refinements of the system according to the invention.
  • the method according to the invention permits the production of a fine coal insert for a fixed bed pressure gasifier of the FBDB type and the use of this fine coal insert for producing a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon oxides.
  • reaction conditions of fixed-bed pressure gasification are to be understood as the reaction and process conditions known per se to the person skilled in the art, in particular of temperature, pressure and residence time, as are discussed in detail in the relevant literature and in which at least a partial conversion, but preferably technically relevant conversions, of the use of fine coal with the gasification agents in synthesis gas products such as CO and hydrogen.
  • a modified coal washing and coal mixing process and a suitable plant which, on the one hand, reduce the amount of rock or ash in the coal and, on the other hand, ensure that the required ratio of liquid slag to solid minerals can be achieved in order to to achieve the desired binding effect, with which smaller ash or clinker particles are combined to form larger and stable particles.
  • This will make it cheap Gassing and support properties of the ash support on the carburetor grate are preserved and the mechanical wear of the gasification reactor is reduced.
  • the lightest fraction is a fine coal fraction as light material with a high carbon content, low proportion of rock and relatively low density
  • the heaviest fraction is a heavy material with low carbon content, high proportion of rock and relatively high density, which can be further processed by homogenization and classification .
  • the latter also speaks of mountains or the mountain fraction.
  • the fine coal fraction is then mixed with the homogenized recovery fraction.
  • the invention is now based on the knowledge that the heavy material or the recovery fraction obtained has a comparatively high proportion of minerals which at least partially melt under the reaction conditions of fixed-bed pressure gasification or - at least on their surface - soften.
  • This fraction is therefore very suitable as a binder, with which smaller ash or clinker particles can be combined to form larger and stable particles.
  • the liquid material acts as a binder or adhesive if it solidifies again at lower temperatures on the underside of the reactor. Larger ash particles or clinker particles form when solid ash particles are connected to one another by means of the liquid slag.
  • the ratio of liquid slag to solid ash particles for a specific coal depends on the maximum temperature, which can be influenced by adjusting the steam-to-oxygen ratio in the gasifying agent.
  • the ratio of liquid slag to solid particles defines not only the size of the clinker particles that are formed, but also their stability. In general a higher proportion of liquid slag leads to the formation of stronger and larger clinker particles.
  • the clinker particles must be stable enough to be able to bear the weight of the carbon bed on them and at the same time their particle size distribution must be such that it ensures a homogeneous and uniform distribution of the gasification agent over the cross section of the gasification reactor.
  • a light fraction which is characterized by a low ash content and a low relative density and which contains the particles which consist of a carbon matrix which is intimately mixed with clay mineral particles.
  • Particles that consist of pure mineral content (so-called bedrock or mountains) and particles with a very high content of minerals and only a very low content of coal are separated into a waste fraction that has a high ash content and a high relative density. If necessary, a so-called medium-good fraction is also obtained, which has a medium ash content and a medium specific density.
  • the majority of the minerals in the light fraction consist of clay minerals, especially kaolinite. At high temperatures, kaolinite converts to mullite, which has a melting temperature of 1840 ° C and therefore remains solid under the reaction conditions in the gasification reactor.
  • the proportion of kaolinite is very high compared to the other remaining minerals, a situation can arise in the light fraction in which there is not enough material available that can serve as an adhesive, i.e. can form liquid slag that acts as a binder between the kaolinite or mullite particles can serve. A stable clinker bed can therefore not be formed.
  • the proportion of minerals which are converted into liquid slag and can thus serve as an adhesive or binder is increased.
  • the ash portion of the fine coal insert for the fixed-bed pressure gasifier is also significantly reduced compared to the raw coal, which also reduces the mechanical wear of the gasifier during operation with the fine coal insert produced according to the invention.
  • the crushing and mixing action of the rotating grate from the fine coal insert obtained according to the invention results in an ash bed with gasification conditions obtained under gasification conditions, which is improved compared to ash beds which are obtained from fine coal inserts according to the prior art are.
  • the raw coal is associated with bedrock that contains at least two different mineral types, the first mineral type at least partially melting or softening under the reaction conditions of the fixed bed pressure gasification and the second mineral type remaining solid under the same reaction conditions and the second mineral type being stronger attached to the coal or more intimately associated with it. It is advantageous that mechanical processing and separation processes such as crushing and subsequent density separation, separation or at least enrichment of the two mineral types can take place.
  • the first type of mineral is enriched due to its relatively higher density in the heavy material, the mountain fraction; the second type of mineral remains in the light fraction due to its intimate association with coal.
  • a light fraction is obtained which is characterized by a low ash content and a low relative density and which contains the particles which consist of a carbon matrix which is intimately mixed with clay mineral particles, especially kaolinite. Walks at high temperatures kaolinite turns into mullite, which has a melting temperature of 1840 ° C and therefore remains solid under the reaction conditions in the gasification reactor.
  • the proportion of kaolinite is very high compared to the other remaining minerals, a situation can arise in the light fraction in which there is not enough material available that can serve as an adhesive, i.e. can form liquid slag that acts as a binder between can serve the kaolinite or mullite particles. A stable clinker bed can therefore not be formed.
  • the proportion of minerals which are converted into liquid slag and can thus serve as an adhesive or binder is increased.
  • the ash portion of the fine coal insert for the fixed-bed pressure gasifier is also significantly reduced compared to the raw coal, which also reduces the mechanical wear of the gasifier during operation with the fine coal insert produced according to the invention.
  • the second mineral type is therefore formed from clay minerals, in particular from kaolinite.
  • the first defined limit density is preferably between 1.8 and 2.1 g / cm 3 , preferably 1.9 g / cm 3 . It is further preferred if, in the method according to the invention, the second defined limit density is between 1.4 and 1.8 g / cm 3 , preferably 1.6 g / cm 3 .
  • common raw coal can be separated with certain density separation steps into a carbon-enriched light material, a heavy material enriched with minerals of the first type and a medium-density medium material, the latter, for example, being discarded as a waste fraction.
  • At least one, preferably both, density separation stages is designed as heavy turbidity separation devices, and the respective cloud density corresponds to the first and / or second defined limit density.
  • Appropriate devices are provided by the trade.
  • the setting of the respective cloud density by using suitable heavy substances is known from the prior art.
  • Further crushing of the first light material is preferably carried out before being fed to the second density separation stage. In this way, a larger proportion of the first light goods can be transferred to the second light goods and the proportion of the medium goods is reduced.
  • the heavy goods processing includes the intermediate storage, homogenization and classification and the heavy goods fine fraction obtained in this way is removed from the heavy goods processing and at least partially mixed with the second light goods to the fine coal insert.
  • the heavy goods processing includes the intermediate storage, homogenization and classification and the heavy goods fine fraction obtained in this way is removed from the heavy goods processing and at least partially mixed with the second light goods to the fine coal insert.
  • the fixed-bed pressure gasifier is particularly preferably an FBDB-type gasifier, the feedstock and / or the ash resting on a rotating grate during operation of the gasifier.
  • a stable operation of an FBDB coal gasifier requires an ash bed that is stable enough to support the weight of the coal bed and allows an even and homogeneous distribution of the gas flow through the fixed bed. This is made possible by ash or clinker particles which form from the use of fine coal according to the invention under gasification conditions.
  • a further embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the middle goods obtained are further comminuted and at least partially returned to method step 1 (a). In this way, portions of the middle goods can be transferred to the light goods and / or the heavy goods and the waste fraction is reduced.
  • At least one, preferably both, density separation stages is designed as heavy turbidity separation devices and the respective cloud density corresponds to the first and / or second defined limit density.
  • Appropriate devices are provided by the trade.
  • the setting of the respective cloud density by using suitable heavy substances is known from the prior art.
  • the system further comprises a comminution device which is spatially and / or connected to the first and the second density separation stage in terms of the process sequence and is suitable for further comminuting the first light material before it is fed to the second density separation stage.
  • a comminution device which is spatially and / or connected to the first and the second density separation stage in terms of the process sequence and is suitable for further comminuting the first light material before it is fed to the second density separation stage.
  • the plant according to the invention is designed such that the heavy goods processing stage further comprises the following plant components: an intermediate store, a homogenization device, a classification device, means for discharging the heavy goods fine fraction obtained from the heavy goods processing stage, means for at least partially Mixing the heavy goods fine fraction with the second light goods to the fine coal insert.
  • the heavy goods processing stage further comprises the following plant components: an intermediate store, a homogenization device, a classification device, means for discharging the heavy goods fine fraction obtained from the heavy goods processing stage, means for at least partially Mixing the heavy goods fine fraction with the second light goods to the fine coal insert.
  • the term "line” is to be understood in a generalized manner and includes not only pipelines in the narrower sense, but also all other conveying methods and conveying devices known per se to those skilled in mechanical process engineering, such as conveyor belts, screw conveyors, trough chain conveyors, pneumatic conveying systems, etc .; they are not explained further here and are shown in detail. Depending on the nature of the material to be conveyed, the person skilled in the art will be able to select the most suitable funding method.
  • Fig. 1 schematically illustrated, preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention or the system according to the invention is introduced into system 1 for producing the fine coal insert for a fixed bed pressure gasifier of the FBDB type with rotating grate via line 2 comminuted raw coal.
  • the raw coal used here is associated with bedrock that includes different mineral types. These also include kaolinite, which is particularly intimately associated with the coal it contains and runs through it as fine passages or veins.
  • the raw coal reaches the first density separation stage 3 via line 2, which is equipped as a heavy turbidity separation device.
  • the cloud density is set to a first defined limit density between 1.8 and 2.1 g / cm 3 , preferably 1.9 g / cm 3 .
  • the mountains or the heavy material enriched in bedrock, i.e. the mineral or bedrock fraction, which contains only a small proportion of coal are separated from the remaining raw coal and discharged via line 11 from the first density separation stage.
  • the solid fraction with a density lower than the first defined limit density is discharged via line 4 as the first light material enriched in carbon from the first density separation stage and fed to the second density separation stage 5.
  • the cloud density is set to a second defined limit density between 1.4 and 1.8 g / cm 3 , preferably to 1.6 g / cm 3 .
  • this second density separation stage which in turn is designed as a heavy turbidity separation device, a solid fraction with a density lower than the second specified limit density as carbon-enriched second light material and a solid fraction with a density greater than the second specified limit density as medium value are discharged via line 6 which is discharged from the process via line 7 and discarded as waste.
  • the second light material is fed to a storage container 8 and temporarily stored therein.
  • the heavy material discharged via line 11 from the first density separation stage is fed to a homogenization and intermediate storage device 12. From this it is discharged via line 13 and fed to a classification device 14 equipped with a series of sieves of different mesh sizes.
  • the coarse fraction obtained during classification is discharged from the classification device via line 16 and discarded as waste.
  • the heavy material fine fraction obtained during the classification is discharged via line 15, to a homogenization device 10 and in this at least partially with the second light material, which comes via line 9 from the storage container 8 is discharged and also led to the homogenization device, mixed with the fine coal insert, which is discharged via line 17 from the plant 1 and can now be fed to a fixed-bed pressure gasification reactor.
  • the invention proposes a method and a system for producing a fine coal insert for a fixed-bed pressure gasifier from raw coal associated with bedrock, which forms an ash or clinker layer under gasification conditions, which has very good support and gasification properties.
  • the crushing and mixing action of the rotating grate from the fine coal insert obtained according to the invention results in an ash bed with gasification conditions obtained under gasification conditions, which is improved compared to ash beds which are obtained from fine coal inserts according to the prior art are.

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  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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Description

Gebiet der ErfindungField of the Invention

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Anlage zum Herstellen eines Feinkohleeinsatzes aus mit Nebengestein vergesellschafteter Rohkohle als Einsatzstoff für einen Festbettdruckvergaser des FBDB-Typs.The invention relates to a method and a plant for producing a fine coal insert from raw coal associated with bedrock as a starting material for a fixed bed pressure gasifier of the FBDB type.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Als Synthesegase bezeichnet man Wasserstoff und Kohlenoxide enthaltende Gasgemische, die in verschiedenen Synthesereaktionen Verwendung finden. Beispiele hierfür sind die Methanolsynthese, die Herstellung von Ammoniak nach dem Haber-Bosch-Verfahren oder die Fischer-Tropsch-Synthese.Synthesis gases are gas mixtures containing hydrogen and carbon oxides, which are used in various synthesis reactions. Examples of this are methanol synthesis, the production of ammonia by the Haber-Bosch process or the Fischer-Tropsch synthesis.

Ein gängiges Verfahren zur Herstellung von Synthesegasen ist die Vergasung von Kohle mittels Festbettdruckvergasungsreaktoren unter Verwendung von Wasserdampf (nachfolgend vereinfachend als Dampf bezeichnet) und Sauerstoff oder Luft als Vergasungsmittel in einem Schachtreaktor unter Überdruck zu einem Kohlenmonoxid und Wasserstoff enthaltendem Synthesegas, wobei je nach Verfahrensführung der Vergasung eine feste Asche oder flüssige Schlacke als Nebenprodukte erhalten werden. Da die als Einsatzgut zugegebene Kohle während des Vergasungsvorgangs kontinuierlich aufgezehrt wird, wodurch das Kohlefestbett fortwährend schwerkraftbedingt nach unten sinkt, während gleichzeitig von oben frisches Einsatzgut zugegeben wird, handelt es sich in Bezug auf das Feststoffbett eher um ein Wanderbettverfahren, da sich das Feststoffbett im Gegenstrom zu den an der Unterseite des Vergasungsreaktors zugegebenen, gasförmigen Vergasungsmitteln bewegt.A common process for the production of synthesis gases is the gasification of coal by means of fixed-bed pressure gasification reactors using water vapor (hereinafter simply referred to as steam) and oxygen or air as a gasification agent in a shaft reactor under excess pressure to give a synthesis gas containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, depending on the procedure solid ashes or liquid slag are obtained as by-products from gasification. Since the coal added as feedstock is continuously consumed during the gasification process, which causes the fixed coal bed to sink continuously due to the force of gravity, while at the same time fresh feedstock is added from above, the solid bed is more of a moving bed process, since the solid bed is in countercurrent to the gaseous gasifying agents added to the underside of the gasification reactor.

Bei Wanderbettvergasern bewegt sich das Vergasungsmedium demnach durch das Bett aus körnigem oder stückigem Brennstoff bzw. Einsatzgut. Dieser Vergasertyp weist ausgezeichnete thermische Wirkungsgrade auf, da ausgetragene Asche die ankommenden Gase heizt und das ausgeleitete Produktgas das eingebrachte feste Einsatzgut erwärmt. Die langen Verweilzeiten von festen Partikeln, die sich durch das Bett bewegen (typischerweise 1 bis 2 h), ermöglichen zusammen mit dem typischen Temperaturprofil des Gegenstromsystems eine hohe Kohlenstoffumwandlungseffizienz.In the case of moving bed gasifiers, the gasification medium therefore moves through the bed made of granular or particulate fuel or feedstock. This type of gasifier has excellent thermal efficiency, as discharged ash heats the incoming gases and the discharged product gas heats up the solid feed. The long residence times of solid particles moving through the bed (typically 1 to 2 hours), together with the typical temperature profile of the countercurrent system, enable high carbon conversion efficiency.

Bei Gegenstrom-Wanderbettvergasern durchläuft das Einsatzgut vier nicht streng getrennte Zonen mit variierenden Temperaturen und Gaszusammensetzungen, wo mit zunehmender Feststofftemperatur die folgenden chemischen Reaktionen auftreten können:

  • Trocken- und Pyrolysezone. Rohes Einsatzgut kommt mit heißen Produktgasen in Berührung und Feuchtigkeit wird ausgetrieben. Anschließend erfolgt eine Pyrolyse des kohlenstoffhaltigen Materials zu gasförmigen Produkten.
  • Vergasungszone. Pyrolysiertes Einsatzgut aus der Pyrolysezone kommt in Kontakt mit heißen Verbrennungsprodukten und Dampf aus der Zone direkt unterhalb. Reaktionen der Kohle treten vorwiegend mit Dampf, Kohlendioxid und in geringerem Maße Wasserstoff auf, so dass die Gesamtreaktion endotherm ist.
  • Verbrennungszone. Die Verbrennungszone liefert die Wärmeenergie für die direkt darüber angeordnete Vergasungszone. Die Schlüsselreaktion ist die Umsetzung des Kohlenstoffs in der nach der Vergasung verbliebenen Kohle mit Sauerstoff, wobei Wärme und Kohlenoxide erzeugt werden. Dabei steigt die Temperatur auf ein Maximum an und muss daher bei der nichtverschlackenden Vergasung mit trockenem Aschebett unterhalb des Ascheschmelzpunktes gehalten werden, was durch das Zuführen von Überschussdampf erfolgt, dessen Menge über die stöchiometrisch benötigte Menge hinausgeht.
  • Aschezone. Bei nichtverschlackenden Vergasungsverfahren mit trockenem Aschebett heizt das an der Unterseite der Reaktionskammer befindliche Aschenbett, das auf einem Rost oder Drehrost aufliegt, das einströmende Vergasungsmedium durch direkten Wärmeaustausch auf und wirkt zusätzlich als Gasverteiler und als Auflage für das darüber befindliche Brennstoff- bzw. Einsatzgutbett.
In countercurrent moving bed gasifiers, the feed passes through four not strictly separate zones with varying temperatures and gas compositions, where the following chemical reactions can occur with increasing solids temperature:
  • Dry and pyrolysis zone. Raw input material comes into contact with hot product gases and moisture is expelled. This is followed by pyrolysis of the carbonaceous material into gaseous products.
  • Gasification zone. Pyrolysed feed from the pyrolysis zone comes into contact with hot combustion products and steam from the zone directly below. Coal reactions mainly occur with steam, carbon dioxide and to a lesser extent hydrogen, so that the overall reaction is endothermic.
  • Combustion zone. The combustion zone provides the thermal energy for the gasification zone located directly above. The key reaction is the conversion of carbon in the coal remaining after gasification with oxygen, generating heat and carbon oxides. The temperature rises to a maximum and must therefore be kept below the ash melting point in the non-slagging gasification with dry ash bed, which is done by supplying excess steam, the amount of which exceeds the stoichiometrically required amount.
  • Ash zone. In non-slagging gasification processes with a dry ash bed, the ash bed located on the underside of the reaction chamber, which rests on a grate or rotating grate, heats up the incoming gasification medium through direct heat exchange and also acts as a gas distributor and as a support for the fuel or feed material bed above it.

Eine weit verbreitete Version des Wanderbettvergasers Ist der Lurgi-Druckvergaser mit trockenem Aschebett (Lurgi-FBDB- (fixed bed dry bottom) -Vergaser), der seit den 1930er Jahren kommerziell eingesetzt wird. Der Vergaser ist von einem Wassermantel zur Kühlung umgeben, in dem Prozessdampf erzeugt wird. Vorratsbehälter und ein Schleusensystem zum Zuführen der als Einsatzgut dienenden Kohle (typischerweise Partikel der Größe 3 bis 50 mm) sind oben auf dem Vergaser montiert. Ein motorgetriebener Verteiler wird verwendet, um die in die Reaktionskammer eintretende Kohle gleichmäßig über das Kohlebett zu verteilen. In einigen Ausführungen ist ein mechanischer Rührer enthalten, um den Einsatz backender Kohlen zu ermöglichen. Ein motorbetriebener Drehrost am Boden des Vergasers wird verwendet, um die entstandene Asche abzuziehen, die über ein entsprechendes Schleusensystem ausgetragen und einem Vorratsbehälter zugeführt wird. Dampf und Sauerstoff oder Luft werden am Boden des Vergasers als Vergasungsmittel eingeführt und über den Drehrost in das Kohlebett verteilt. Der Rost stützt das Kohlebett und wird ständig gedreht, um einen konstanten, gleichmäßigen Austrag der Asche zu gewährleisten. Rohsynthesegas als Produktgas wird an der Oberseite des Vergasers mit einer typischen Temperatur zwischen 400 und 600 °C ausgeleitet und strömt durch einen Wäscher-Kühler, wo es gekühlt und gewaschen wird. Eine weitere Kühlung, Reinigung und Konditionierung des Gases erfolgt je nach gewünschter Anwendung.A widely used version of the moving bed gasifier is the Lurgi pressure gasifier with dry ash bed (Lurgi FBDB (fixed bed dry bottom) gasifier), which has been used commercially since the 1930s. The carburetor is surrounded by a water jacket for cooling, in which process steam is generated. Storage tanks and a lock system for feeding the coal used as feed material (typically particles of size 3 to 50 mm) are mounted on top of the carburetor. A motor driven distributor is used to evenly distribute the coal entering the reaction chamber over the coal bed. A mechanical stirrer is included in some versions to allow the use of baking coals. A motorized rotating grate on the bottom of the carburetor is used to draw off the ash that has been created, which is discharged via a corresponding lock system and fed to a storage container. Steam and oxygen or air are introduced at the bottom of the carburetor as a gasifying agent and distributed into the carbon bed via the rotating grate. The grate supports the carbon bed and is constantly rotated to ensure a constant, even discharge of the ashes. Raw synthesis gas as the product gas is at the top of the gasifier with a typical temperature between 400 and 600 ° C discharged and flows through a washer-cooler, where it is cooled and washed. A further cooling, cleaning and conditioning of the gas takes place depending on the desired application.

Viele Kohlearten, die für den Einsatz in Vergasungsverfahren wie dem FBDB-Verfahren vorgesehen sind, enthalten einen mehr oder weniger hohen Anteil an Mineralien als Nebengestein oder - gemäß der bergmännischen Fachsprache - Berge. Bevor solche Kohlearten im FBDB-Vergasungsverfahren eingesetzt werden können, wird der Ascheanteil normalerweise durch einen Waschprozess, die sogenannte Kohlewäsche, verringert. Als Hauptvorteile eines reduzierten Ascheanteils ergeben sich reduzierte Transportkosten und damit einhergehend reduzierte Emissionen durch den Transport, sowie ein reduzierter Verschleiß der Ausrüstungen und damit verbunden geringere Wartungskosten und eine höhere thermische Effizienz des Verfahrens. Die Reduzierung des Ascheanteils erfolgt durch Dichtetrennverfahren wie die Kohlewäsche, bei dem die Rohkohle in eine Fraktion mit hohem Ascheanteil und einer hohen relativen Dichte und in eine Fraktion mit geringem Ascheanteil und einer relativ geringen Dichte getrennt wird.Many types of coal, which are intended for use in gasification processes such as the FBDB process, contain a more or less high proportion of minerals as bedrock or - according to mining terminology - mountains. Before such types of coal can be used in the FBDB gasification process, the ash content is normally reduced by a washing process, the so-called coal washing. The main advantages of a reduced ash content are reduced transport costs and the associated reduced emissions from transport, as well as a reduced wear of the equipment and associated lower maintenance costs and a higher thermal efficiency of the process. The ash content is reduced by density separation processes such as coal washing, in which the raw coal is separated into a fraction with a high ash content and a high relative density and into a fraction with a low ash content and a relatively low density.

Ein stabiler Betrieb eines FBDB-Kohlevergasers setzt ferner ein Aschebett voraus, dass einerseits stabil genug ist, um das Gewicht des Kohlebettes zu tragen und auf der anderen Seite eine gleichmäßige und homogene Verteilung der Gasströmung durch das Festbett hindurch ermöglicht. Um dies zu erreichen, ist es erforderlich, das Verhältnis flüssiger Schlacke und fester Mineralien in der heißesten Zone des Vergasungsreaktors zu optimieren, indem man das Dampf-zu-Sauerstoff-Verhältnis im Vergasungsmittel entsprechend einstellt.A stable operation of an FBDB coal gasifier also requires an ash bed that is stable enough to support the weight of the coal bed and also enables a uniform and homogeneous distribution of the gas flow through the fixed bed. To achieve this, it is necessary to optimize the ratio of liquid slag and solid minerals in the hottest zone of the gasification reactor by adjusting the vapor-to-oxygen ratio in the gasification agent accordingly.

Zudem wird angestrebt, die Ascheschmelztemperatur der in den FBDB-Reaktor eingebrachten Kohle zu vergrößern. Dies gestattet es, ein stabiles Aschebett bei einem geringeren Dampf-zu-Sauerstoff-Verhältnis im Vergasungsmittel zu erreichen und führt daher zu einer insgesamt besseren Gasverteilung und Vergasungsleistung sowie zu einem reduzierten Dampfverbrauch. Um die Ascheschmelztemperatur zu vergrößern, wird entweder vorgeschlagen, die Kohle in verschiedene Fraktionen mit unterschiedlichem Ascheanteil aufzutrennen, die dann auch verschiedene Ascheschmelzeigenschaften aufweisen, oder Additive zuzuführen, die die allgemeinen Ascheschmelzeigenschaften beeinflussen und insbesondere die Ascheschmelztemperatur erhöhen.In addition, efforts are being made to increase the ash melting temperature of the coal introduced into the FBDB reactor. This makes it possible to achieve a stable ash bed with a lower steam-to-oxygen ratio in the gasification agent and therefore leads to an overall better gas distribution and gasification performance and to a reduced steam consumption. To increase the ash melting temperature, it is either proposed to separate the coal into different fractions with different Separate ash content, which then also have different ash melting properties, or add additives that influence the general ash melting properties and in particular increase the ash melting temperature.

Eine Reduzierung des Kohle-Aschegehaltes ist auch deshalb von Interesse, um die Verschleiß- und Wartungskosten des Vergasungsreaktors zu reduzieren. Sie kann durch eine an sich bekannte Dichtetrennung vor der Vergasung erfolgen, die auch als Kohlenwäsche bezeichnet wird.A reduction in the coal ash content is also of interest in order to reduce the wear and maintenance costs of the gasification reactor. It can be done by a known density separation before gasification, which is also referred to as coal washing.

Die Patentschriften DE 38 13 927 A1 und DE 27 36 801 A1 offenbaren jeweils Verfahren zur Aufbereitung von Rohkohle mittels zweistufiger Dichtetrennung.The patent specifications DE 38 13 927 A1 and DE 27 36 801 A1 each disclose processes for processing raw coal by means of two-stage density separation.

Die US-Patentschrift US 8906122 B2 lehrt ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Kohleeinsatzes für die Kohlevergasung, bei dem die eingesetzte Rohkohle einer Kohlenwäsche unterzogen wird, wobei Kohlefraktionen mit unterschiedlichen Dichten und Mineralienanteilen erhalten werden. Die erhaltene Leichtfraktion wird dabei einer Flugstromvergasung, die Schwerfraktion einer Festbettdruckvergasung zugeführt. Von Nachteil ist es dabei, dass zwei verschiedene Vergasungstechnologien eingesetzt werden müssen.The U.S. patent US 8906122 B2 teaches a process for producing a coal insert for coal gasification, in which the raw coal used is subjected to a coal wash, whereby coal fractions with different densities and mineral contents are obtained. The light fraction obtained is fed to entrained-flow gasification and the heavy fraction to fixed-bed pressure gasification. The disadvantage here is that two different gasification technologies have to be used.

Nachteilig ist es ferner, dass bei der Kohlenwäsche in unerwünschter Weise diejenigen mineralischen Kohlebestandteile entfernt werden, die unter den Bedingungen im Vergasungsreaktor eine zumindest teilflüssige Schlacke bilden oder an ihrer Oberfläche erweichen. Dieses teilverflüssigte bzw. erweichte Material wirkt als Binder oder Klebemittel, wenn es bei geringeren Temperaturen im unteren Bereich des Vergasungsreaktors wieder erstarrt. Es bilden sich somit größere Aschepartikel bzw. Klinkerpartikel durch Verbinden fester, kleiner Aschepartikel mittels der (teil)flüssigen Schlacke. Das Verhältnis von flüssiger Schlacke zu festen Aschepartikeln für eine spezifische Kohle hängt von der Maximaltemperatur ab, die durch Einstellen des Dampf-zu-Sauerstoff-Verhältnisses im Vergasungsmittel beeinflusst werden kann. Das Verhältnis von flüssiger Schlacke zu festen Partikeln definiert nicht nur die Größe der Klinkerpartikel, die gebildet werden, sondern auch deren Stabilität. Im Allgemeinen führt ein höherer Anteil an flüssiger Schlacke zur Bildung nicht nur größerer, sondern auch festerer Klinkerpartikel. Die Klinkerpartikel müssen stabil genug sein, um das Gewicht des auf ihnen lastenden Kohlebettes tragen zu können und gleichzeitig muss ihre Partikelgrößen-Verteilung derart beschaffen sein, dass sie eine homogene und gleichmäßige Verteilung des Vergasungsmittels über den Querschnitt des Vergasungsreaktors gewährleistet.It is also a disadvantage that those coal components which form an at least partially slag under the conditions in the gasification reactor or soften on their surface are undesirably removed during coal washing. This partially liquefied or softened material acts as a binder or adhesive when it solidifies again at lower temperatures in the lower region of the gasification reactor. Larger ash particles or clinker particles are thus formed by connecting solid, small ash particles by means of the (partially) liquid slag. The ratio of liquid slag to solid ash particles for a specific coal depends on the maximum temperature, which can be influenced by adjusting the steam-to-oxygen ratio in the gasifying agent. The ratio of liquid slag to solid particles not only defines the size of the clinker particles that are formed, but also their stability. In general a higher proportion of liquid slag leads to the formation of not only larger but also stronger clinker particles. The clinker particles must be stable enough to be able to bear the weight of the carbon bed on them and at the same time their particle size distribution must be such that it ensures a homogeneous and uniform distribution of the gasification agent over the cross section of the gasification reactor.

Beschreibung der ErfindungDescription of the invention

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht daher darin, ein Verfahren sowie eine Anlage zur Herstellung eines Feinkohleeinsatzes für einen Festbettdruckvergaser vorzuschlagen, das die erwähnten Nachteile der aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Verfahren nicht aufweist.The object of the present invention is therefore to propose a method and a plant for producing a fine coal insert for a fixed bed pressure gasifier which does not have the disadvantages mentioned of the methods known from the prior art.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Weitere Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen 2 bis 9.This object is achieved by a method with the features of claim 1. Further refinements of the method according to the invention result from subclaims 2 to 9.

Die Erfindung betrifft auch eine Anlage zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens gemäß Anspruch 10, sowie weitere Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Anlage gemäß Anspruch 11 bis 13.The invention also relates to a system for carrying out the method according to the invention, and further refinements of the system according to the invention.

Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren erlaubt die Herstellung eines Feinkohleeinsatzes für einen Festbettdruckvergaser des FBDB-Typs und die Verwendung dieses Feinkohleeinsatzes zum Herstellen eines Wasserstoff und Kohlenoxide umfassenden Synthesegases.The method according to the invention permits the production of a fine coal insert for a fixed bed pressure gasifier of the FBDB type and the use of this fine coal insert for producing a synthesis gas comprising hydrogen and carbon oxides.

Erfindungsgemäßes Verfahren:Method according to the invention:

Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Feinkohleeinsatzes aus mit Nebengestein vergesellschafteter Rohkohle als Einsatzstoff für einen Festbettdruckvergaser, umfassend die folgenden Schritte:

  1. (a) Bereitstellen der zerkleinerten Rohkohle,
  2. (b) Zuführen der zerkleinerten Rohkohle zu einer ersten Dichtetrennstufe, geeignet zur Auftrennung von Feststoffpartikeln in Fraktionen mit Dichten, die kleiner und größer sind als eine erste festgelegte Grenzdichte,
  3. (c) Ausleiten einer Feststofffraktion mit einer Dichte kleiner als die erste festgelegte Grenzdichte als an Kohlenstoff angereichertes erstes Leichtgut und einer Feststofffraktion mit einer Dichte größer als die erste festgelegte Grenzdichte als an Nebengestein angereichertes Schwergut,
  4. (d) Zuführen des ersten Leichtguts zu einer zweiten Dichtetrennstufe, geeignet zur Auftrennung von Feststoffpartikeln in Fraktionen mit Dichten, die kleiner und größer sind als eine zweite festgelegte Grenzdichte,
  5. (e) Ausleiten einer Feststofffraktion mit einer Dichte kleiner als die zweite festgelegte Grenzdichte als an Kohlenstoff weiter angereichertes zweites Leichtgut und einer Feststofffraktion mit einer Dichte größer als die zweite festgelegte Grenzdichte als Mittelgut,
  6. (f) Zuführen des Schwerguts zu einer Schwergut-Aufarbeitung, umfassend mindestens einen Behandlungsschritt, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe: Zwischenspeichern, Zerkleinern, Homogenisieren, Klassieren; Ausleiten eines behandelten Schwerguts aus der Schwergut-Aufarbeitung,
  7. (g) Vermischen mindestens eines Teils des behandelten Schwerguts mit dem zweiten Leichtgut zu dem Feinkohleeinsatz.
Method for producing a fine coal insert from raw coal associated with bedrock as a feedstock for a fixed bed pressure gasifier, comprising the following steps:
  1. (a) providing the comminuted raw coal,
  2. (b) feeding the comminuted raw coal to a first density separation stage, suitable for separating solid particles into fractions with densities that are smaller and larger than a first defined limit density,
  3. (c) discharging a solid fraction with a density less than the first defined limit density as carbon-enriched first light material and a solid fraction with a density greater than the first defined limit density as heavy material enriched with side rocks,
  4. (d) feeding the first light material to a second density separation stage, suitable for separating solid particles into fractions with densities which are smaller and larger than a second defined limit density,
  5. (e) deriving a solid fraction with a density lower than the second defined limit density as second light material further enriched in carbon and a solid fraction with a density higher than the second defined limit density as medium good,
  6. (f) supplying the heavy goods to a heavy goods workup, comprising at least one treatment step, selected from the group: intermediate storage, comminution, homogenization, classification; Deriving a treated heavy goods from the heavy goods processing,
  7. (g) Mixing at least a portion of the treated heavy goods with the second light goods into the fine coal insert.

Erfindungsgemäße Anlage:Plant according to the invention:

Anlage zum Herstellen eines Feinkohleeinsatzes aus mineralienhaltiger Rohkohle als Einsatzstoff für einen Festbettdruckvergaser, umfassend die folgenden Baugruppen und Anlagenbestandteile:

  1. (a) Mittel zum Bereitstellen der zerkleinerten mineralienhaltigen Rohkohle,
  2. (b) eine erste Dichtetrennstufe, geeignet zur Auftrennung von Feststoffpartikeln in Fraktionen mit Dichten, die kleiner und größer sind als eine erste festgelegte Grenzdichte, Mittel zum Zuführen der zerkleinerten mineralienhaltigen Rohkohle zu der ersten Dichtetrennstufe,
  3. (c) Mittel zum Ausleiten einer Feststofffraktion mit einer Dichte kleiner als die erste festgelegte Grenzdichte als erstes Leichtgut und Mittel zum Ausleiten einer Feststofffraktion mit einer Dichte größer als die erste festgelegte Grenzdichte als Schwergut,
  4. (d) eine zweite Dichtetrennstufe, geeignet zur Auftrennung von Feststoffpartikeln in Fraktionen mit Dichten, die kleiner und größer sind als eine zweite festgelegte Grenzdichte, Mittel zum Zuführen des ersten Leichtguts zu der zweiten Dichtetrennstufe,
  5. (e) Mittel zum Ausleiten einer Feststofffraktion mit einer Dichte kleiner als die zweite festgelegte Grenzdichte als zweites Leichtgut und Mittel zum Ausleiten einer Feststofffraktion mit einer Dichte größer als die zweite festgelegte Grenzdichte als Mittelgut,
  6. (f) eine Schwergut-Aufarbeitungsstufe, umfassend mindestens eine Vorrichtung, ausgewählt aus der Gruppe: Zwischenspeicher, Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung, Homogenisierungsvorrichtung, Klassierungsvorrichtung; Mittel zum Zuführen des Schwerguts zu der Schwergut-Aufarbeitungsstufe, Mittel zum Ausleiten eines behandelten Schwerguts aus der Schwergut-Aufarbeitungsstufe,
  7. (g) eine Mischvorrichtung zum Vermischen mindestens eines Teils des behandelten Schwerguts mit dem zweiten Leichtgut zu dem Feinkohleeinsatz.
Plant for producing a fine coal insert from mineral-containing raw coal as a feedstock for a fixed bed pressure gasifier, comprising the following assemblies and system components:
  1. (a) means for providing the comminuted raw coal containing minerals,
  2. (b) a first density separation stage, suitable for separating solid particles into fractions with densities which are smaller and larger than a first defined limit density, means for feeding the comminuted mineral-containing raw coal to the first density separation stage,
  3. (c) means for discharging a solid fraction with a density lower than the first defined limit density as the first light goods and means for discharging a solid fraction with a density greater than the first defined limit density as heavy goods,
  4. (d) a second density separation stage, suitable for separating solid particles into fractions with densities which are smaller and larger than a second defined limit density, means for feeding the first light material to the second density separation stage,
  5. (e) means for discharging a solid fraction with a density less than the second defined limit density as a second light material and means for discharging a solid fraction with a density greater than the second defined limit density as a medium good,
  6. (f) a heavy goods refurbishment stage, comprising at least one device selected from the group: intermediate store, comminution device, homogenization device, classification device; Means for feeding the heavy goods to the heavy goods processing stage, means for discharging a treated heavy goods from the heavy goods processing stage,
  7. (g) a mixing device for mixing at least a part of the treated heavy goods with the second light goods into the fine coal insert.

Unter den Reaktionsbedingungen der Festbettdruckvergasung sind die dem Fachmann an sich bekannten Reaktions- und Verfahrensbedingungen, insbesondere von Temperatur, Druck und Verweilzeit, zu verstehen, wie sie detailliert im einschlägigen Schrifttum erörtert werden und bei denen mindestens ein Teilumsatz, bevorzugt allerdings technisch relevante Umsätze des Feinkohleeinsatzes mit den Vergasungsmitteln in Synthesegasprodukte wie CO und Wasserstoff erfolgt.The reaction conditions of fixed-bed pressure gasification are to be understood as the reaction and process conditions known per se to the person skilled in the art, in particular of temperature, pressure and residence time, as are discussed in detail in the relevant literature and in which at least a partial conversion, but preferably technically relevant conversions, of the use of fine coal with the gasification agents in synthesis gas products such as CO and hydrogen.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung wird ein modifiziertes Kohlewäsche- und Kohlemischverfahren und eine dafür geeignete Anlage vorgeschlagen, das einerseits den Nebengesteins- bzw. Ascheanteil der Kohle reduziert und es andererseits gewährleistet, dass das erforderliche Verhältnis von flüssiger Schlacke zu festen Mineralien erreicht werden kann, um die erwünschte Bindewirkung zu erzielen, mit der kleinere Asche- oder Klinkerpartikel zu größeren und stabilen Partikeln verbunden werden. Hierdurch werden günstige Durchgasungs- und Stützeigenschaften der Ascheauflage auf dem Vergaserrost erhalten und der mechanische Verschleiß des Vergasungsreaktors reduziert.In the context of the invention, a modified coal washing and coal mixing process and a suitable plant are proposed which, on the one hand, reduce the amount of rock or ash in the coal and, on the other hand, ensure that the required ratio of liquid slag to solid minerals can be achieved in order to to achieve the desired binding effect, with which smaller ash or clinker particles are combined to form larger and stable particles. This will make it cheap Gassing and support properties of the ash support on the carburetor grate are preserved and the mechanical wear of the gasification reactor is reduced.

Es wird daher erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen, zwei Dichtetrennstufen so miteinander zu kombinieren, dass die Rohkohle in drei verschiedene Fraktionen gemäß ihrer relativen Dichte aufgetrennt wird, um auf diese Weise einen Kohleeinsatz zu erhalten, der einen geringeren Ascheanteil als die Rohkohle, aber gleichzeitig genügend und die richtigen Mineralien aufweist, die als Bindemittel dienen können. Als leichteste Fraktion wird ein Feinkohlefraktion als Leichtgut mit hohem Kohlenstoffanteil, geringem Anteil an Nebengestein und relativ geringer Dichte erhalten, als schwerste Fraktion ein Schwergut mit geringem Kohlenstoffanteil, hohem Anteil an Nebengestein und relativ hoher Dichte erhalten, die durch Homogenisieren und Klassieren weiter aufbereitet werden kann. In der bergmännischen Fachsprache wird bei letzterer auch von Bergen bzw. der Bergefraktion gesprochen. Sodann wird die Feinkohlefraktion mit der homogenisierten Bergefraktion gemischt. Der Erfindung liegt nunmehr die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass das erhaltene Schwergut bzw. die Bergefraktion einen vergleichsweise hohen Anteil an Mineralien aufweist, die unter den Reaktionsbedingungen der Festbettdruckvergasung mindestens teilweise schmelzen oder - zumindest an ihrer Oberfläche - erweichen. Diese Fraktion eignet sich daher sehr gut als Bindemittel, mit dem kleinere Asche- oder Klinkerpartikel zu größeren und stabilen Partikeln verbunden werden können.It is therefore proposed according to the invention to combine two density separation stages with one another in such a way that the raw coal is separated into three different fractions according to their relative density, in order in this way to obtain a coal insert which has a lower ash content than the raw coal, but at the same time is sufficient and the correct ones Contains minerals that can serve as binders. The lightest fraction is a fine coal fraction as light material with a high carbon content, low proportion of rock and relatively low density, the heaviest fraction is a heavy material with low carbon content, high proportion of rock and relatively high density, which can be further processed by homogenization and classification . In the mining terminology, the latter also speaks of mountains or the mountain fraction. The fine coal fraction is then mixed with the homogenized recovery fraction. The invention is now based on the knowledge that the heavy material or the recovery fraction obtained has a comparatively high proportion of minerals which at least partially melt under the reaction conditions of fixed-bed pressure gasification or - at least on their surface - soften. This fraction is therefore very suitable as a binder, with which smaller ash or clinker particles can be combined to form larger and stable particles.

Das flüssige Material wirkt als Binder oder Klebemittel, wenn es bei geringeren Temperaturen an der Unterseite des Reaktors wieder erstarrt. Größere Aschepartikel bzw. Klinkerpartikel bilden sich, wenn feste Aschepartikel mittels der flüssigen Schlacke miteinander verbunden werden. Das Verhältnis von flüssiger Schlacke zu festen Aschepartikeln für eine spezifische Kohle hängt von der Maximaltemperatur ab, die durch Einstellen des Dampf-zu-Sauerstoff-Verhältnisses im Vergasungsmittel beeinflusst werden kann.The liquid material acts as a binder or adhesive if it solidifies again at lower temperatures on the underside of the reactor. Larger ash particles or clinker particles form when solid ash particles are connected to one another by means of the liquid slag. The ratio of liquid slag to solid ash particles for a specific coal depends on the maximum temperature, which can be influenced by adjusting the steam-to-oxygen ratio in the gasifying agent.

Das Verhältnis von flüssiger Schlacke zu festen Partikeln definiert nicht nur die Größe der Klinkerpartikel, die gebildet werden, sondern auch deren Stabilität. Im Allgemeinen führt ein höherer Anteil an flüssiger Schlacke zur Bildung festerer und größerer Klinker-partikel. Die Klinkerpartikel müssen stabil genug sein, um das Gewicht des auf ihnen lastenden Kohlebettes tragen zu können und gleichzeitig muss ihre Partikelgrößen-Verteilung derart beschaffen sein, dass sie eine homogene und gleichmäßige Verteilung des Vergasungsmittels über den Querschnitt des Vergasungsreaktors gewährleistet.The ratio of liquid slag to solid particles defines not only the size of the clinker particles that are formed, but also their stability. In general a higher proportion of liquid slag leads to the formation of stronger and larger clinker particles. The clinker particles must be stable enough to be able to bear the weight of the carbon bed on them and at the same time their particle size distribution must be such that it ensures a homogeneous and uniform distribution of the gasification agent over the cross section of the gasification reactor.

Ein nennenswerter Anteil der Kohlen, die momentan und noch stärker zukünftig für den Einsatz im FBDB-Vergasungsreaktor zur Verfügung stehen, weisen einen hohen Gehalt an Tonmineralien auf. Ein Teil der Tonmineralien liegt separat von der Kohlematrix vor, während mehrheitlich eine intensive Vermischung oder Vergesellschaftung der Tonmineralien mit der Kohlematrix vorliegt.A significant proportion of the coals that are currently and even more in the future available for use in the FBDB gasification reactor have a high content of clay minerals. Some of the clay minerals are separate from the coal matrix, while the majority are intensely mixed or combined with the clay minerals.

Als Ergebnis der Dichtetrennung solcher Rohkohlen wird eine Leichtfraktion erhalten, die sich durch einen geringen Ascheanteil und eine geringe relative Dichte auszeichnet und die Partikel enthält, die aus einer Kohlematrix bestehen, die innig mit Tonmineralien-Partikeln vermischt ist. Partikel, die aus reinem Mineralanteil bestehen (sogenanntes Nebengestein oder Berge) und Partikel mit einem sehr hohen Anteil an Mineralien und nur sehr geringem Anteil an Kohle werden in eine Abfallfraktion getrennt, die einen hohen Ascheanteil und eine hohe relative Dichte aufweist. Gegebenenfalls wird noch zusätzlich eine sog. Mittelgutfraktion erhalten, die eine mittleren Ascheanteil und eine mittlere spezifische Dichte aufweist.As a result of the density separation of such raw coal, a light fraction is obtained which is characterized by a low ash content and a low relative density and which contains the particles which consist of a carbon matrix which is intimately mixed with clay mineral particles. Particles that consist of pure mineral content (so-called bedrock or mountains) and particles with a very high content of minerals and only a very low content of coal are separated into a waste fraction that has a high ash content and a high relative density. If necessary, a so-called medium-good fraction is also obtained, which has a medium ash content and a medium specific density.

Die Mehrzahl der Mineralien in der Leichtfraktion besteht aus Tonmineralien, vor allem Kaolinit. Bei hohen Temperaturen wandelt sich Kaolinit in Mullit um, der eine Schmelztemperatur von 1840° C aufweist und daher unter den Reaktionsbedingungen im Vergasungsreaktor fest bleibt.The majority of the minerals in the light fraction consist of clay minerals, especially kaolinite. At high temperatures, kaolinite converts to mullite, which has a melting temperature of 1840 ° C and therefore remains solid under the reaction conditions in the gasification reactor.

Wenn der Anteil von Kaolinit im Vergleich zu den anderen verbliebenen Mineralien sehr hoch ist, kann in der Leichtfraktion daher eine Situation eintreten, in der nicht ausreichend Material zur Verfügung steht, dass als Klebemittel dienen kann, also flüssige Schlacke bilden kann, das als Bindemittel zwischen den Kaolinit- bzw. Mullit-Teilchen dienen kann. Es kann daher kein stabiles Klinkerbett gebildet werden. Durch das erfindungsgemäße Zuführen der Bergefraktion zu der Feinkohlefraktion wird der Anteil von Mineralien, die in flüssige Schlacke umgewandelt und somit als Klebe- oder Bindemittel dienen können, erhöht. Durch Entfernen des aschereichen Mittelguts wird darüber hinaus der Ascheanteil des Feinkohleeinsatzes für den Festbettdruckvergaser gegenüber der Rohkohle signifikant verringert, wodurch auch der mechanische Verschleiß des Vergasers beim Betrieb mit dem erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Feinkohleeinsatz reduziert wird.If the proportion of kaolinite is very high compared to the other remaining minerals, a situation can arise in the light fraction in which there is not enough material available that can serve as an adhesive, i.e. can form liquid slag that acts as a binder between the kaolinite or mullite particles can serve. A stable clinker bed can therefore not be formed. By supplying the recovery fraction to the fine coal fraction according to the invention, the proportion of minerals which are converted into liquid slag and can thus serve as an adhesive or binder is increased. By removing the ash-rich medium, the ash portion of the fine coal insert for the fixed-bed pressure gasifier is also significantly reduced compared to the raw coal, which also reduces the mechanical wear of the gasifier during operation with the fine coal insert produced according to the invention.

Die Erfindung ermöglicht es nicht nur, den Vergasungsreaktor in stabiler Weise mit der gewaschenen Kohle zu betreiben, sondern sie fügt dem Verfahren ferner zwei Freiheitsgrade hinzu, die dazu verwendet werden können, das Verfahren weiter zu optimieren:

  1. 1. Die Bergefraktion wird ganz oder teilweise der Feinkohlefraktion wieder zugeführt. Dieser Wert kann optimiert werden, um den geringstmöglichen Ascheanteil im Einsatz zum Vergasungsreaktor und somit das kleinstmögliche Dampf-zu-Sauerstoff-Verhältnis einzustellen, wobei gleichzeitig ein stabiles Aschebett gewährleistet bleibt.
  2. 2. Durch Einstellen der Partikelgrößen der Bergefraktion, die zur Feinkohlefraktion zurückgeführt wird, wird das Ascheschmelzverhalten beeinflusst und somit das Verfahren weiter optimiert.
The invention not only makes it possible to operate the gasification reactor in a stable manner with the washed coal, but it also adds two degrees of freedom to the process which can be used to further optimize the process:
  1. 1. All or part of the recovery fraction is returned to the fine coal fraction. This value can be optimized in order to set the lowest possible proportion of ash in the gasification reactor and thus the smallest possible steam-to-oxygen ratio, while at the same time ensuring a stable ash bed.
  2. 2. The ash melting behavior is influenced by adjusting the particle sizes of the recovery fraction, which is returned to the fine coal fraction, and the process is thus further optimized.

Der erfindungsgemäß erhaltene Feinkohleeinsatz hat gegenüber dem aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Feinkohleeinsatz folgende neuen und vorteilhaften Eigenschaften:

  • Durch das erfindungsgemäße Zuführen der Bergefraktion zu der Feinkohlefraktion wird der Anteil von Mineralien, die in flüssige Schlacke umgewandelt und somit als Klebe- oder Bindemittel dienen können, erhöht. Es kann daher ein stabiles Asche- bzw. Klinkerbett gebildet werden.
  • Durch Entfernen des aschereichen Mittelguts wird darüber hinaus der Ascheanteil des Feinkohleeinsatzes für den Festbettdruckvergaser gegenüber der Rohkohle signifikant verringert, wodurch auch der mechanische Verschleiß des Vergasers beim Betrieb mit dem erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Feinkohleeinsatz reduziert wird.
The fine coal insert obtained according to the invention has the following new and advantageous properties compared to the fine coal insert known from the prior art:
  • By supplying the recovery fraction to the fine coal fraction according to the invention, the proportion of minerals which are converted into liquid slag and can thus serve as an adhesive or binder is increased. A stable ash or clinker bed can therefore be formed.
  • By removing the ash-rich medium, the ash portion of the fine coal insert for the fixed-bed pressure gasifier is also significantly reduced compared to the raw coal, which also reduces the mechanical wear of the gasifier during operation with the fine coal insert produced according to the invention.

Insbesondere im Zusammenwirken mit einem Festbettdruckvergaser des FBDB-Typs wird durch die Zerkleinerungs- und Vermischungswirkung des Drehrosts aus dem erfindungsgemäß erhaltenen Feinkohleeinsatz unter Vergasungsbedingungen ein Aschebett mit Stütz- und Durchgasungseigenschaften erhalten, die gegenüber Aschebetten, die aus Feinkohleeinsätzen gemäß Stand der Technik erhalten werden, verbessert sind.Particularly in cooperation with a fixed-bed pressure gasifier of the FBDB type, the crushing and mixing action of the rotating grate from the fine coal insert obtained according to the invention results in an ash bed with gasification conditions obtained under gasification conditions, which is improved compared to ash beds which are obtained from fine coal inserts according to the prior art are.

Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der ErfindungPreferred embodiments of the invention

In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist die Rohkohle mit Nebengestein vergesellschaftet, das mindestens zwei verschiedene Mineralientypen enthält, wobei der erste Mineralientyp unter den Reaktionsbedingungen der Festbettdruckvergasung mindestens teilweise schmilzt oder erweicht und der zweite Mineralientyp unter denselben Reaktionsbedingungen fest bleibt und wobei der zweite Mineralientyp stärker an der Kohle anhaftet oder inniger mit dieser vergesellschaftet ist. Dabei ist es vorteilhaft, dass aufgrund mechanischer Aufbereitungs- und Trennverfahren beispielsweise Zerkleinern und nachfolgende Dichtetrennung, eine Trennung oder zumindest Anreicherung der beiden Mineralientypen erfolgen kann. Der erste Mineralientyp wird dabei aufgrund seiner relativ höheren Dichte im Schwergut, der Bergefraktion angereichert; der zweite Mineralientyp verbleibt aufgrund seiner innigen Vergesellschaftung mit der Kohle in der Leichtfraktion.In a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the raw coal is associated with bedrock that contains at least two different mineral types, the first mineral type at least partially melting or softening under the reaction conditions of the fixed bed pressure gasification and the second mineral type remaining solid under the same reaction conditions and the second mineral type being stronger attached to the coal or more intimately associated with it. It is advantageous that mechanical processing and separation processes such as crushing and subsequent density separation, separation or at least enrichment of the two mineral types can take place. The first type of mineral is enriched due to its relatively higher density in the heavy material, the mountain fraction; the second type of mineral remains in the light fraction due to its intimate association with coal.

Als Ergebnis der Dichtetrennung solcher Rohkohlen wird daher eine Leichtfraktion erhalten, die sich durch einen geringen Ascheanteil und eine geringe relative Dichte auszeichnet und die Partikel enthält, die aus einer Kohlematrix bestehen, die innig mit Tonmineralien-Partikeln, vor allem Kaolinit, vermischt ist. Bei hohen Temperaturen wandelt sich Kaolinit in Mullit um, der eine Schmelztemperatur von 1840° C aufweist und daher unter den Reaktionsbedingungen im Vergasungsreaktor fest bleibt.As a result of the density separation of such raw coal, a light fraction is obtained which is characterized by a low ash content and a low relative density and which contains the particles which consist of a carbon matrix which is intimately mixed with clay mineral particles, especially kaolinite. Walks at high temperatures kaolinite turns into mullite, which has a melting temperature of 1840 ° C and therefore remains solid under the reaction conditions in the gasification reactor.

Wenn der Anteil von Kaolinit im Vergleich zu den anderen verbliebenen Mineralien sehr hoch ist, kann in der Leichtfraktion daher eine Situation eintreten, in der nicht ausreichend Material zur Verfügung steht, dass als Klebemittel dienen kann, also flüssige Schlacke bilden kann, das als Bindemittel zwischen den Kaolinit- bzw. Mullit-Teilchen dienen kann. Es kann daher kein stabiles Klinkerbett gebildet werden. Durch das erfindungsgemäße Zuführen der Bergefraktion zu der Feinkohlefraktion wird der Anteil von Mineralien, die in flüssige Schlacke umgewandelt und somit als Klebe- oder Bindemittel dienen können, erhöht. Durch Entfernen des aschereichen Mittelguts wird darüber hinaus der Ascheanteil des Feinkohleeinsatzes für den Festbettdruckvergaser gegenüber der Rohkohle signifikant verringert, wodurch auch der mechanische Verschleiß des Vergasers beim Betrieb mit dem erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Feinkohleeinsatz reduziert wird.If the proportion of kaolinite is very high compared to the other remaining minerals, a situation can arise in the light fraction in which there is not enough material available that can serve as an adhesive, i.e. can form liquid slag that acts as a binder between can serve the kaolinite or mullite particles. A stable clinker bed can therefore not be formed. By supplying the recovery fraction to the fine coal fraction according to the invention, the proportion of minerals which are converted into liquid slag and can thus serve as an adhesive or binder is increased. By removing the ash-rich medium, the ash portion of the fine coal insert for the fixed-bed pressure gasifier is also significantly reduced compared to the raw coal, which also reduces the mechanical wear of the gasifier during operation with the fine coal insert produced according to the invention.

Entsprechend wird in besonders bevorzugter Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird der zweite Mineralientyp daher aus Tonmineralien, insbesondere aus Kaolinit, gebildet.Accordingly, in a particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, the second mineral type is therefore formed from clay minerals, in particular from kaolinite.

Bevorzugt liegt bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren die erste festgelegte Grenzdichte zwischen 1,8 und 2,1 g/cm3, bevorzugt bei 1,9 g/cm3. Weiterhin bevorzugt ist es, wenn bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren die zweite festgelegte Grenzdichte zwischen 1,4 und 1,8 g/cm3, bevorzugt bei 1,6 g/cm3 liegt.In the method according to the invention, the first defined limit density is preferably between 1.8 and 2.1 g / cm 3 , preferably 1.9 g / cm 3 . It is further preferred if, in the method according to the invention, the second defined limit density is between 1.4 and 1.8 g / cm 3 , preferably 1.6 g / cm 3 .

Insbesondere im Zusammenwirken der beiden zuvor erörterten Ausgestaltungen können gängige Rohkohlen anhand entsprechender Dichtetrennschritte sicher in ein an Kohlenstoff angereichertes Leichtgut, in ein an Mineralien des ersten Typs angereichertes Schwergut und in ein Mittelgut mittlerer Dichte aufgetrennt werden, wobei letzteres beispielsweise als Abfallfraktion verworfen werden kann.In particular, in the interaction of the two configurations discussed above, common raw coal can be separated with certain density separation steps into a carbon-enriched light material, a heavy material enriched with minerals of the first type and a medium-density medium material, the latter, for example, being discarded as a waste fraction.

In besonders bevorzugter Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist mindestens eine, bevorzugt beide Dichtetrennstufen als Schwertrübetrennvorrichtungen ausgestaltet und es entspricht die jeweilige Trübedichte der ersten und/oder zweiten festgelegten Grenzdichte. Entsprechende Vorrichtungen werden vom Handel bereitgestellt. Die Einstellung der jeweiligen Trübedichte durch Verwendung geeigneter Schwerstoffe ist aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt.In a particularly preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention, at least one, preferably both, density separation stages is designed as heavy turbidity separation devices, and the respective cloud density corresponds to the first and / or second defined limit density. Appropriate devices are provided by the trade. The setting of the respective cloud density by using suitable heavy substances is known from the prior art.

Bevorzugt erfolgt vor dem Zuführen zu der zweiten Dichtetrennstufe ein weiteres Zerkleinern des ersten Leichtguts. Auf diese Weise kann ein größerer Anteil des ersten Leichtguts in das zweite Leichtgut überführt werden und der Anteil des Mittelguts wird reduziert.Further crushing of the first light material is preferably carried out before being fed to the second density separation stage. In this way, a larger proportion of the first light goods can be transferred to the second light goods and the proportion of the medium goods is reduced.

In besonderer Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens umfasst die Schwergut-Aufarbeitung das Zwischenspeichern, Homogenisieren und Klassieren und es wird der dabei erhaltene Schwergut-Feinanteil aus der Schwergut-Aufarbeitung ausgeleitet und mindestens teilweise mit dem zweiten Leichtgut zu dem Feinkohleeinsatz vermischt. Durch das Zwischenspeichern des Schwerguts können Fluktuationen in der Rohkohle-Zufuhr und hinsichtlich der Abnahme durch die nachgeschalteten Verfahrensschritte ausgeglichen werden. Durch das Homogenisieren und Klassieren kann ein Anteil des Schwerguts gewonnen werden, der aufgrund seiner geringen Partikelgröße ein inniges Vermischen mit dem zweiten Leichtgut gewährleistet.In a particular embodiment of the method according to the invention, the heavy goods processing includes the intermediate storage, homogenization and classification and the heavy goods fine fraction obtained in this way is removed from the heavy goods processing and at least partially mixed with the second light goods to the fine coal insert. By temporarily storing the heavy goods, fluctuations in the raw coal supply and in terms of the decrease can be compensated for by the subsequent process steps. By homogenizing and classifying, a proportion of the heavy goods can be obtained, which, because of its small particle size, ensures intimate mixing with the second light goods.

Besonders bevorzugt handelt es sich bei dem Festbettdruckvergaser um einen Vergaser des FBDB-Typs, wobei beim Betrieb des Vergasers der Einsatzstoff und/oder die Asche auf einem Drehrost aufliegen. Ein stabiler Betrieb eines FBDB-Kohlevergasers setzt ein Aschebett voraus, dass einerseits stabil genug ist, um das Gewicht des Kohlebettes zu tragen und auf der anderen Seite eine gleichmäßige und homogene Verteilung der Gasströmung durch das Festbett hindurch ermöglicht. Dies wird durch Asche- bzw. Klinkerpartikel, die sich aus dem erfindungsgemäßen Feinkohleeinsatz unter Vergasungsbedingungen bilden, ermöglicht.The fixed-bed pressure gasifier is particularly preferably an FBDB-type gasifier, the feedstock and / or the ash resting on a rotating grate during operation of the gasifier. A stable operation of an FBDB coal gasifier requires an ash bed that is stable enough to support the weight of the coal bed and allows an even and homogeneous distribution of the gas flow through the fixed bed. This is made possible by ash or clinker particles which form from the use of fine coal according to the invention under gasification conditions.

Eine weitere Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das erhaltene Mittelgut weiter zerkleinert und mindestens teilweise zum Verfahrensschritt 1 (a) zurückgeführt wird. Auf diese Weise können Anteile des Mittelguts in das Leichtgut und/oder das Schwergut überführt werden und die Abfallfraktion wird reduziert.A further embodiment of the method according to the invention is characterized in that the middle goods obtained are further comminuted and at least partially returned to method step 1 (a). In this way, portions of the middle goods can be transferred to the light goods and / or the heavy goods and the waste fraction is reduced.

In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Anlage ist mindestens eine, bevorzugt beide Dichtetrennstufen als Schwertrübetrennvorrichtungen ausgestaltet und es entspricht die jeweilige Trübedichte der ersten und/oder zweiten festgelegten Grenzdichte. Entsprechende Vorrichtungen werden vom Handel bereitgestellt. Die Einstellung der jeweiligen Trübedichte durch Verwendung geeigneter Schwerstoffe ist aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt.In a preferred embodiment of the system according to the invention, at least one, preferably both, density separation stages is designed as heavy turbidity separation devices and the respective cloud density corresponds to the first and / or second defined limit density. Appropriate devices are provided by the trade. The setting of the respective cloud density by using suitable heavy substances is known from the prior art.

In besonderer Ausgestaltung der erfindungsgemäßen Anlage umfasst diese ferner eine Zerkleinerungsvorrichtung, die räumlich und/oder hinsichtlich des Verfahrensablaufs mit der ersten und der zweiten Dichtetrennstufe verbunden und geeignet ist, das erste Leichtgut vor dem Zuführen zu der zweiten Dichtetrennstufe weiter zu zerkleinern. Auf diese Weise kann ein größerer Anteil des ersten Leichtguts in das zweite Leichtgut überführt werden und der Anteil des Mittelguts wird reduziert,In a special embodiment of the system according to the invention, it further comprises a comminution device which is spatially and / or connected to the first and the second density separation stage in terms of the process sequence and is suitable for further comminuting the first light material before it is fed to the second density separation stage. In this way, a larger proportion of the first light goods can be transferred to the second light goods and the proportion of the medium goods is reduced,

In einem weiteren Aspekt der Erfindung wird die erfindungsgemäße Anlage so ausgestaltet, dass die Schwergut-Aufarbeitungsstufe ferner folgende Anlagenbestandteile umfasst: Einen Zwischenspeicher, eine Homogenisierungsvorrichtung, eine Klassierungsvorrichtung, Mittel zum Ausleiten des erhaltenen Schwergut-Feinanteils aus der Schwergut-Aufarbeitungsstufe, Mittel zum mindestens teilweisen Vermischen des Schwergut-Feinanteils mit dem zweiten Leichtgut zu dem Feinkohleeinsatz. Durch das Zwischenspeichern des Schwerguts können Fluktuationen in der Rohkohle-Zufuhr und hinsichtlich der Abnahme durch die nachgeschalteten Verfahrensschritte ausgeglichen werden. Durch das Homogenisieren und Klassieren kann ein Anteil des Schwerguts gewonnen werden, der aufgrund seiner geringen Partikelgröße ein inniges Vermischen mit dem zweiten Leichtgut gewährleistet.In a further aspect of the invention, the plant according to the invention is designed such that the heavy goods processing stage further comprises the following plant components: an intermediate store, a homogenization device, a classification device, means for discharging the heavy goods fine fraction obtained from the heavy goods processing stage, means for at least partially Mixing the heavy goods fine fraction with the second light goods to the fine coal insert. By temporarily storing the heavy goods, fluctuations in the raw coal supply and in terms of the decrease can be compensated for by the subsequent process steps. By homogenizing and classifying a portion of the heavy goods can be obtained, which ensures intimate mixing with the second light material due to its small particle size.

AusführungsbeispielEmbodiment

Weiterbildungen, Vorteile und Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der Erfindung ergeben sich auch aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung von Ausführungsbeispielen und der Zeichnung.Further developments, advantages and possible uses of the invention also result from the following description of exemplary embodiments and the drawing.

Es zeigt die einzige Figur:

Fig. 1
eine bevorzugte Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bzw. der erfindungsgemäßen Anlage.
It shows the only figure:
Fig. 1
a preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention or the system according to the invention.

In dem nachfolgend erörterten Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß Fig. 1 ist der Begriff "Leitung" verallgemeinernd zu verstehen und umfasst nicht nur Rohrleitungen im engeren Sinne, sondern auch alle anderen, dem Fachmann der mechanischen Verfahrenstechnik an sich bekannten Förderverfahren und Fördervorrichtungen wie Förderbänder, Förderschnecken, Trogkettenförderer, pneumatische Förderanlagen usw.; sie werden hier nicht weiter erläutert und detailliert bildlich dargestellt. Der Fachmann wird je nach Beschaffenheit des Förderguts in der Lage sein, das jeweils geeignete Förderverfahren auszuwählen.In the exemplary embodiment discussed below according to Fig. 1 the term "line" is to be understood in a generalized manner and includes not only pipelines in the narrower sense, but also all other conveying methods and conveying devices known per se to those skilled in mechanical process engineering, such as conveyor belts, screw conveyors, trough chain conveyors, pneumatic conveying systems, etc .; they are not explained further here and are shown in detail. Depending on the nature of the material to be conveyed, the person skilled in the art will be able to select the most suitable funding method.

In der in Fig. 1 schematisch dargestellten, bevorzugten Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bzw. der erfindungsgemäßen Anlage wird in die Anlage 1 zum Herstellen des Feinkohleeinsatzes für einen Festbettdruckvergaser des FBDB-Typs mit Drehrost über Leitung 2 zerkleinerte Rohkohle eingeführt. Die hierbei verwendete Rohkohle ist mit Nebengestein vergesellschaftet, das unterschiedliche Mineralientypen umfasst. Zu diesen gehört auch Kaolinit, der besonders innig mit der enthaltenen Kohle vergesellschaftet ist und diese als feine Gänge oder Adern durchzieht.In the in Fig. 1 schematically illustrated, preferred embodiment of the method according to the invention or the system according to the invention is introduced into system 1 for producing the fine coal insert for a fixed bed pressure gasifier of the FBDB type with rotating grate via line 2 comminuted raw coal. The raw coal used here is associated with bedrock that includes different mineral types. These also include kaolinite, which is particularly intimately associated with the coal it contains and runs through it as fine passages or veins.

Über Leitung 2 gelangt die Rohkohle in die erste Dichtetrennstufe 3, die als Schwertrübetrennvorrichtung ausgestattet ist. In dieser ist die Trübedichte auf eine erste festgelegte Grenzdichte zwischen 1,8 und 2,1 g/cm3, bevorzugt auf 1,9 g/cm3 festgelegt. In dieser ersten Dichtetrennstufe werden die Berge bzw. das an Nebengestein angereicherte Schwergut, also die Mineral- bzw. Nebengesteinsfraktion, die nur einen kleinen Anteil an Kohle enthält, von der restlichen Rohkohle getrennt und über Leitung 11 aus der ersten Dichtetrennstufe ausgeleitet.The raw coal reaches the first density separation stage 3 via line 2, which is equipped as a heavy turbidity separation device. In this, the cloud density is set to a first defined limit density between 1.8 and 2.1 g / cm 3 , preferably 1.9 g / cm 3 . In this first density separation stage, the mountains or the heavy material enriched in bedrock, i.e. the mineral or bedrock fraction, which contains only a small proportion of coal, are separated from the remaining raw coal and discharged via line 11 from the first density separation stage.

Über Leitung 4 wird die Feststofffraktion mit einer Dichte kleiner als die erste festgelegte Grenzdichte als an Kohlenstoff angereichertes erstes Leichtgut aus der ersten Dichtetrennstufe ausgeleitet und der zweiten Dichtetrennstufe 5 aufgegeben. In dieser ist die Trübedichte auf eine zweite festgelegte Grenzdichte zwischen 1,4 und 1,8 g/cm3, bevorzugt auf 1,6 g/cm3 festgelegt. In dieser zweiten Dichtetrennstufe, die wiederum als Schwertrübetrennvorrichtung ausgestaltet ist, erfolgt über Leitung 6 das Ausleiten einer Feststofffraktion mit einer Dichte kleiner als die zweite festgelegte Grenzdichte als an Kohlenstoff weiter angereichertem zweiten Leichtgut und einer Feststofffraktion mit einer Dichte größer als die zweite festgelegte Grenzdichte als Mittelgut, das über Leitung 7 aus dem Verfahren ausgeleitet und als Abfall verworfen wird.The solid fraction with a density lower than the first defined limit density is discharged via line 4 as the first light material enriched in carbon from the first density separation stage and fed to the second density separation stage 5. In this, the cloud density is set to a second defined limit density between 1.4 and 1.8 g / cm 3 , preferably to 1.6 g / cm 3 . In this second density separation stage, which in turn is designed as a heavy turbidity separation device, a solid fraction with a density lower than the second specified limit density as carbon-enriched second light material and a solid fraction with a density greater than the second specified limit density as medium value are discharged via line 6 which is discharged from the process via line 7 and discarded as waste.

Über Leitung 6 wird das zweite Leichtgut zu einem Vorratsbehälter 8 geführt und in diesem zwischengelagert.Via line 6, the second light material is fed to a storage container 8 and temporarily stored therein.

Das über Leitung 11 aus der ersten Dichtetrennstufe ausgeleitete Schwergut wird einer Homogenisierungs- und Zwischenlagerungsvorrichtung 12 zugeführt. Aus dieser wird es über Leitung 13 ausgeleitet und einer mit einer Reihe von Sieben unterschiedlicher Maschenweite bestückten Klassierungsvorrichtung 14 aufgegeben. Die beim Klassieren erhaltene Grobfraktion wird über Leitung 16 aus der Klassierungsvorrichtung ausgeleitet und als Abfall verworfen. Der beim Klassieren erhaltene Schwergut-Feinanteil wird über Leitung 15 ausgeleitet, zu einer Homogenisierungsvorrichtung 10 geführt und in dieser mindestens teilweise mit dem zweiten Leichtgut, das über Leitung 9 aus dem Vorratsbehälter 8 ausgeleitet und ebenfalls zu der Homogenisierungsvorrichtung geführt wird, zu dem Feinkohleeinsatz vermischt, der über Leitung 17 aus der Anlage 1 ausgeleitet wird und nunmehr einem Festbettdruckvergasungsreaktor zugeführt werden kann.The heavy material discharged via line 11 from the first density separation stage is fed to a homogenization and intermediate storage device 12. From this it is discharged via line 13 and fed to a classification device 14 equipped with a series of sieves of different mesh sizes. The coarse fraction obtained during classification is discharged from the classification device via line 16 and discarded as waste. The heavy material fine fraction obtained during the classification is discharged via line 15, to a homogenization device 10 and in this at least partially with the second light material, which comes via line 9 from the storage container 8 is discharged and also led to the homogenization device, mixed with the fine coal insert, which is discharged via line 17 from the plant 1 and can now be fed to a fixed-bed pressure gasification reactor.

Gewerbliche AnwendbarkeitIndustrial applicability

Mit der Erfindung wird ein Verfahren und eine Anlage zum Herstellen eines Feinkohleeinsatzes für einen Festbettdruckvergaser aus mit Nebengestein vergesellschafteter Rohkohle vorgeschlagen, der unter Vergasungsbedingungen eine Asche bzw. Klinkerschicht bildet, die sehr gute Stütz- und Durchgasungseigenschaften aufweist. Durch Entfernen des aschereichen Mittelguts aus dem Kohleneinsatz wird der Ascheanteil des Feinkohleeinsatzes für den Festbettdruckvergaser gegenüber der Rohkohle signifikant verringert, wodurch auch der mechanische Verschleiß des Vergasers beim Betrieb mit dem erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Feinkohleeinsatz reduziert wird. Insbesondere im Zusammenwirken mit einem Festbettdruckvergaser des FBDB-Typs wird durch die Zerkleinerungs- und Vermischungswirkung des Drehrosts aus dem erfindungsgemäß erhaltenen Feinkohleeinsatz unter Vergasungsbedingungen ein Aschebett mit Stütz- und Durchgasungseigenschaften erhalten, die gegenüber Aschebetten, die aus Feinkohleeinsätzen gemäß Stand der Technik erhalten werden, verbessert sind.The invention proposes a method and a system for producing a fine coal insert for a fixed-bed pressure gasifier from raw coal associated with bedrock, which forms an ash or clinker layer under gasification conditions, which has very good support and gasification properties. By removing the ash-rich medium from the coal insert, the ash portion of the fine coal insert for the fixed-bed pressure gasifier is significantly reduced compared to the raw coal, which also reduces the mechanical wear of the gasifier during operation with the fine coal insert produced according to the invention. Particularly in cooperation with a fixed-bed pressure gasifier of the FBDB type, the crushing and mixing action of the rotating grate from the fine coal insert obtained according to the invention results in an ash bed with gasification conditions obtained under gasification conditions, which is improved compared to ash beds which are obtained from fine coal inserts according to the prior art are.

BezugszeichenlisteReference list

[1][1]
Anlageinvestment
[2][2]
Leitungmanagement
[3][3]
erste Dichtetrennstufefirst density separation stage
[4][4]
Leitungmanagement
[5][5]
zweite Dichtetrennstufesecond density separation stage
[6][6]
Leitungmanagement
[7][7]
Leitungmanagement
[8][8th]
VorratsbehälterStorage container
[9][9]
Leitungmanagement
[10][10]
HomogenisierungsvorrichtungHomogenizer
[11][11]
Leitungmanagement
[12][12]
Homogenisierungs- und ZwischenlagerungsvorrichtungHomogenization and intermediate storage device
[13][13]
Leitungmanagement
[14][14]
KlassierungsvorrichtungClassifying device
[15][15]
Leitungmanagement
[16][16]
Leitungmanagement
[17][17]
Leitungmanagement

Claims (13)

  1. Method for producing a fine coal feed from raw coal associated with accompanying rock as feed material for a fixed-bed pressure gasifier, comprising the following steps:
    (a) provision of the comminuted raw coal,
    (b) introduction of the comminuted raw coal into a first density separation stage suitable for separating solid particles into fractions having densities which are less than and greater than a first fixed delimiting density,
    (c) discharge of a solid fraction having a density less than the first fixed delimiting density as first light material enriched with carbon and a solid fraction having a density greater than the first fixed delimiting density as heavy material enriched with accompanying rock,
    (d) introduction of the first light material into a second density separation stage suitable for separating solid particles into fractions having densities which are less than and greater than a second fixed delimiting density,
    (e) discharge of a solid fraction having a density less than the second fixed delimiting density as second light material further enriched with carbon and a solid fraction having a density greater than the second fixed delimiting density as intermediate material,
    (f) introduction of the heavy material into a heavy material work-up comprising at least one treatment step selected from the group: intermediate storage, comminution, homogenisation, classification; discharge of a treated heavy material from the heavy material workup,
    (g) mixing of at least a part of the treated heavy material with the second light material to yield the fine coal feed.
  2. Method according to Claim 1, characterised in that the raw coal is associated with accompanying rock that contains at least two different types of minerals, wherein the first type of mineral at least partially melts or softens under the reaction conditions of the fixed-bed pressure gasification and the second type of mineral remains solid under the same reaction conditions and wherein the second type of mineral adheres more strongly to the coal or is more intimately associated therewith.
  3. Method according to Claim 2, characterised in that the second type of mineral is formed of clay minerals, in particular of kaolinite.
  4. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the first fixed delimiting density is between 1.8 and 2.1 g/cm3, preferably 1.9 g/cm3.
  5. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the second fixed delimiting density is between 1.4 and 1.8 g/cm3, preferably 1.6 g/cm3.
  6. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one, and preferably both density separation stages are configured as heavy medium separation devices and the respective heavy medium density corresponds to the first and/or second fixed delimiting density.
  7. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the first light material is further comminuted before introduction into the second density separation stage.
  8. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the heavy material work-up comprises intermediate storage, homogenisation and classification and in that the heavy material fine portion so obtained is discharged from the heavy material work-up and at least partly mixed with the second light material to yield the fine coal feed.
  9. Method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the fixed-bed pressure gasifier is a gasifier of the FBDB type and in that during operation of the gasifier the feed material and/or the ash rest on a rotary grating.
  10. Plant for producing a fine coal feed from mineral-containing raw coal as feed material for a fixed-bed pressure gasifier, comprising the following sub-assemblies and plant components:
    (a) means for providing the comminuted mineral-containing raw coal,
    (b) a first density separation stage suitable for separating solid particles into fractions having densities which are less than and greater than a first fixed delimiting density, means for introducing the comminuted mineral-containing raw coal into the first density separation stage,
    (c) means for discharging a solid fraction having a density less than the first fixed delimiting density as first light material and means for discharging a solid fraction having a density greater than the first fixed delimiting density as heavy material,
    (d) a second density separation stage suitable for separating solid particles into fractions having densities which are less than and greater than a second fixed delimiting density, means for introducing the first light material into the second density separation stage,
    (e) means for discharging a solid fraction having a density less than the second fixed delimiting density as second light material and means for discharging a solid fraction having a density greater than the second fixed delimiting density as intermediate material,
    (f) a heavy material work-up stage comprising at least one device selected from the group: intermediate store, comminution device, homogenisation device, classification device; means for introducing the heavy material into the heavy material work-up stage, means for discharging a treated heavy material from the heavy material work-up stage,
    (g) a mixing device for mixing at least a part of the treated heavy material with the second light material to yield the fine coal feed.
  11. Plant according to Claim 10, characterised in that at least one, and preferably both density separation stages, are configured as heavy medium separation devices and the respective heavy medium density corresponds to the first and/or second fixed delimiting density.
  12. Plant according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that it further comprises a comminution device that is connected to the first density separation stage and the second density separation stage and is suitable for further comminuting the first light material before introduction into the second density separation stage.
  13. Plant according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the heavy material work-up stage further comprises the following plant components: an intermediate store, a homogenisation device, a classification device, means for discharging the heavy material fine portion obtained from the heavy material work-up stage, means for at least partly mixing the heavy material fine portion with the second light material to yield the fine coal feed.
EP17400030.7A 2017-06-08 2017-06-08 Fine coal charge for a fixed bed pressure gasifier Active EP3412754B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17400030.7A EP3412754B1 (en) 2017-06-08 2017-06-08 Fine coal charge for a fixed bed pressure gasifier
PCT/EP2018/025142 WO2018224186A1 (en) 2017-06-08 2018-05-18 Fine coal feed for a fixed-bed pressure gasifier
CN201820875258.XU CN209652248U (en) 2017-06-08 2018-06-06 Equipment for being fed from raw coal production fine coal
CN201810576476.8A CN109022039B (en) 2017-06-08 2018-06-06 Pulverized coal feed for fixed bed pressurized gasifier

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP17400030.7A EP3412754B1 (en) 2017-06-08 2017-06-08 Fine coal charge for a fixed bed pressure gasifier

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EP3412754B1 true EP3412754B1 (en) 2020-08-05

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CN112076885A (en) * 2020-08-17 2020-12-15 天地(唐山)矿业科技有限公司 Enrichment process of coal-series kaolin in coal gangue
CN112474033B (en) * 2020-11-05 2022-04-29 阜新工大矿物加工利用科技有限公司 Coal slime pre-desliming and sorting process
CN113609793B (en) * 2021-07-01 2023-05-23 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 Throttling element regulation and control method for realizing uniform distribution of pulverized coal in pulverizing system
CN114712895B (en) * 2022-03-08 2023-04-28 江南大学 Double-part discarding method with additional chromatographic column for improving yield of simulated moving bed

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CN109022039A (en) 2018-12-18
CN209652248U (en) 2019-11-19
EP3412754A1 (en) 2018-12-12
WO2018224186A1 (en) 2018-12-13

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