EP3411356A1 - Procédé neutre en carbone et appareil associé destiné à produire de l'urée à partir de déchets urbains ou industriels à émission nulle - Google Patents

Procédé neutre en carbone et appareil associé destiné à produire de l'urée à partir de déchets urbains ou industriels à émission nulle

Info

Publication number
EP3411356A1
EP3411356A1 EP16724479.7A EP16724479A EP3411356A1 EP 3411356 A1 EP3411356 A1 EP 3411356A1 EP 16724479 A EP16724479 A EP 16724479A EP 3411356 A1 EP3411356 A1 EP 3411356A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waste
carbon
removal
oxygen
syngas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP16724479.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Elena ANTONETTI
Gaetano Iaquaniello
Annarita SALLADINI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nextchem SpA
Original Assignee
Processi Innovativi Srl
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Processi Innovativi Srl filed Critical Processi Innovativi Srl
Publication of EP3411356A1 publication Critical patent/EP3411356A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
    • C07C273/00—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups
    • C07C273/02—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds
    • C07C273/10—Preparation of urea or its derivatives, i.e. compounds containing any of the groups, the nitrogen atoms not being part of nitro or nitroso groups of urea, its salts, complexes or addition compounds combined with the synthesis of ammonia
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
    • C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
    • C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/08—Methods of heating or cooling
    • C01B2203/0805—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas
    • C01B2203/0811—Methods of heating the process for making hydrogen or synthesis gas by combustion of fuel

Definitions

  • a process and apparatus for producing a nitrogen based fertilizer, urea, from carbon containing municipal and industrial wastes comprises high temperature gasification to produce hydrogen and to make ammonia, and then combining ammonia and CO 2 to produce urea.
  • the process is able of sequestering all carbon dioxide associated to wastes by a parallel production of Hydrogen through water electrolysis and/or reforming bio-gas.
  • the present invention relates generally to the conversion of carbon containing waste materials into nitrogen-based fertilizers. More specifically, the invention provides for methods, systems and apparatus for the conversion of waste materials as municipal waste, Refuse Derive Fuel and industrial wastes to urea through the production of synthesis gas as an intermediate .
  • synthesis gas Syngas
  • WGS water gas shift
  • WO 2009/091325 Al discloses a biomass gasification method and apparatus for production of syngas with rich hydrogen content; and US Pat n° 5,584,255 discloses a method and apparatus for gasifying organic materials. US Pat n° 6,958,136 discloses a process for the treatment of nitrogen- containing wastes streams that can generate syngas from carbon sources using alkaline metals and carbon radical formation .
  • WO2008130260 Al discloses a waste to liquid hydrocarbon refinery system designed to convert municipal and industrial wastes, biomass and other carbon-containing feedstock into diesel, gasoline and other products.
  • the system involves a high temperature liquid iron bed that generates row syngas from solid and liquid feedstocks and a very high temperature plasma to convert contaminants in the row syngas into ions .
  • US Pat. N° 6, 455, 011 Bl discloses a method and apparatus for treating wastes into two-stage gasification which recovers metals or ash content in the wastes in such a state that they can be recycled and gases containing carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen gas (H 2 ) for use a synthesis gas for ammonia (NH 3 ) .
  • CN103242134 discloses an invention relates to household garbage treatment method, where the waste is subjected to a thermal cracking to form mixed combustible gases containing CO, C0 2 , H 2 , nitrogen (N 2 ) and inert argon (Ar) by a full gasification process.
  • the syngas is purified and separated, and then are used for synthesizing methanol and/or dimethyl eter (DME) , generating power and synthesizing urea.
  • the system produces significant amounts of tar which be disposed or used.
  • US Pat. Number 2014/0364517 Al discloses a process and system for producing liquid and gas fuels and other useful chemicals from carbon containing source materials comprises cool plasma gasification and/or pyrolysis to produce syngas which in turn could be used for producing hydrocarbon, methanol, ammonia, urea and other products.
  • the system is carbon neutral but is relatively complex and expensive, requires relatively large amount of energy for the plasma gasification.
  • the present invention in one or more aspects fill the afore mentioned needs in the art by providing zero emissions and energy conserving systems and processes from producing urea from a wide variety of carbon- containing source wastes.
  • a process and apparatus for producing urea comprises high temperature (HT) gasification with oxygen and steam of a carbon waste to form syngas, purifying the formed syngas, reacting it with water to convert CO into C0 2 , remove the sulphur components and then the C0 2 , obtain pure H 2 through a PSA unit.
  • HT high temperature
  • a further H 2 production may be obtained by reforming of bio-gas from industrial/urban sludge via anaerobic digestion and/or via an electrolyzer system if required to balance completely the C0 2 availability.
  • the pure H 2 is added to a N 2 steam to maintain the proper ratio for synthesizing ammonia. Ammonia and all the recovered C0 2 in a suitable ratio are reacted to produce urea.
  • HT gasification may be performed by any suitable means, preferably a co-current fixed bed ("down draft") gasification working with oxygen and steam.
  • High temperature means a temperature higher than 1200°C to minimize tar formation.
  • An advantage of HT gasification with oxygen and steam is to increase H 2 content in the syngas.
  • Another advantage of the present invention is to maximize the
  • An advantage of the present process and apparatus is the ability to reduce basically to zero, eliminate, the emissions of nitrogen and sulphur (NOX and SOX) and any other pollutant present in the original carbon waste matrix, in particularly C0 2 by a parallel production of Hydrogen throughout water electrolysis.
  • NOX and SOX nitrogen and sulphur
  • neutral respected to emitted CO 2 means that the total carbon emission to the atmosphere neither increases nor reduced during a process. Basically the organic matrix of the waste is transformed into C0 2 which is totally stored in the form of urea.
  • carbon matrix waste refers to municipal waste, treated municipal wastes as RDF, municipal and industrial sludge and even animal tenure
  • Fig.l is a schematic representation of an apparatus and process for producing urea comprising HT
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic representation of a syngas transformation for the production of urea
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of the process from organic wastes to urea with zero emissions
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic representation of the process from organic wastes + urban sludge to urea with zero emissions;
  • Fig. 5 is a schematic representation of the process where H 2 is provided by gasification of the organic wastes, reforming of bio-gas from urban and industrial sludge and the remainder from water electrolysis .
  • a first stage of one embodiment according to the invention comprises the production of a syngas from a carbon containing matrix by HT gasification.
  • a process and apparatus for the first stage of such an embodiment is shown in Fig. 2.
  • a feed of carbon-matrix waste 101 may be mixed with steam and/or oxygen in 102 and then introduced into the HT gasifier 103 from the top.
  • 0 2 could be also injected at different level in the gasifier.
  • 0 2 stream is produced in a Air Separation Unit 200 (ASU) and in pressurizer electrolyzes (300).
  • N 2 required for the ammonia synthesis is produced in 200.
  • Extra H 2 for ammonia synthesis is also produced in 300 if required.
  • the gasifier is configured to produce a syngas stream, 104 and a molten slag from the bottom, 105.
  • the syngas stream 104 will contain mainly C0 2 , CO, H 2 S, HC1, HCN , NH 3 and dust.
  • the HT temperature gasification generates a temperature of approximatively 1300°C at the bottom end of the gasifier, effectively breaking down organic molecules into synthesis gas.
  • the role of steam is to increase the H 2 content by steam reforming of methane and higher hydrocarbons.
  • the temperature of the syngas leaving the gasifier may be in the range of 500-1500°C depending on the. conditions and feed materials selected. 0 2 /steam ratio will be fixed in order to achieve the proper syngas compositio .
  • Dust removal from syngas is provided by a cyclone 106 and eventually a bag-filter, 108. Between the two equipment a gas cooler, 107 is installed to cool down the temperature and recover the enthalpy of the flue gases by producing steam to be used in the process.
  • the dusted stream 109 is further cooled in a quencher absorber 110 and in a wet electrostatic precipitator (WEP) , 111, where all the acidic components HC1 or the basic ones, as NH 3 are removed together with some particulate. WEP will remove all the fog leaving the top of absorber, 110.
  • WEP wet electrostatic precipitator
  • the syngas at the inlet of the fan will contain mainly H 2 , CO, C0 2 , HC1, H 2 S, COS and less than 5ppm of dust .
  • FIG. 3 A system for performing a second stage of a process according to the invention is shown in Fig. 3.
  • the syngas feed 113 is compressed by a compressor 114 before being conveyed into HCl removal reactor, 115.
  • WGS Water-Gas Shift
  • steam is added, and gas is preheated in 117 to the WGS proper operating temperature.
  • WGS may consist of two or more reactors with a temperature control between them.
  • Steam and CO react to form C0 2 and H 2 .
  • COS is also hydrolyzed in this reactor to give CO and H 2 S.
  • the H 2 S removal system 119 may consists of a Claus unit or a red-ox system.
  • a final ZnO bed 120 may be also required to reduce the H 2 S to less than 0.5 ppm.
  • C0 2 will be removed into section 121 and fluid purification will be carried out in a PSA, 123.
  • Stream 122 will be routed to the urea section meanwhile stream 124 will be recycled to the gasifier and stream 125 from electrolyzer will be mixed with the row hydrogen point before the PSA unit (pressure swing adsorption) .
  • Stream 115 consisting of pure hydrogen will be mixed with pure nitrogen from ASU to make ammonia in the reactor 126.
  • urea synthesis reaction performed in section 128 where NH 3 , stream 127 and C0 2 , stream 122, are reacted with a gas composition NH 3 /C0 2 of about 2:1 to form urea, 129.
  • Fig.4 depicts the entire process and urea production where H 2 is provided by gasification of the organic wastes and via the water electrolysis.
  • Fig. 5 depicts a slightly different process where H 2 is provided by gasification of the organic wastes, reforming of bio-gas from urban and industrial sludge and the remainder from water electrolysis.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)
  • Treating Waste Gases (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un appareil de production d'un engrais à base d'azote, d'urée, à partir de déchets urbains et industriels comportant du carbone, comprenant une gazéification à température élevée de manière à produire de l'hydrogène et de l'ammoniac, puis la combinaison d'ammoniac et de CO2 de manière à produire de l'urée. Le procédé permet de séquestrer tout le dioxyde de carbone associé aux déchets au moyen d'une production parallèle d'hydrogène par une électrolyse d'eau et/ou le reformage de biogaz.
EP16724479.7A 2016-02-03 2016-02-03 Procédé neutre en carbone et appareil associé destiné à produire de l'urée à partir de déchets urbains ou industriels à émission nulle Pending EP3411356A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/IT2016/000026 WO2017134691A1 (fr) 2016-02-03 2016-02-03 Procédé neutre en carbone et appareil associé destiné à produire de l'urée à partir de déchets urbains ou industriels à émission nulle

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3411356A1 true EP3411356A1 (fr) 2018-12-12

Family

ID=56069180

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16724479.7A Pending EP3411356A1 (fr) 2016-02-03 2016-02-03 Procédé neutre en carbone et appareil associé destiné à produire de l'urée à partir de déchets urbains ou industriels à émission nulle

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3411356A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017134691A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110078076A (zh) * 2019-04-21 2019-08-02 刘伟 一种兰炭尾气分级分质综合利用多联产化学品的工艺方法
CN113353886B (zh) * 2021-05-17 2022-10-25 俏东方生物燃料集团有限公司 生物氢和生物氨的制备方法

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US5584255A (en) 1995-06-07 1996-12-17 Proler Environmental Services, Inc. Method and apparatus for gasifying organic materials and vitrifying residual ash
US5980858A (en) 1996-04-23 1999-11-09 Ebara Corporation Method for treating wastes by gasification
US6448441B1 (en) * 2001-05-07 2002-09-10 Texaco, Inc. Gasification process for ammonia/urea production
US6958136B2 (en) 2003-04-21 2005-10-25 Manufacturing And Technology Conversion International, Inc. Process for the treatment of waste streams
AU2007351914A1 (en) 2007-04-18 2008-10-30 Sgc Energia Sgps, S.A. Waste to liquid hydrocarbon refinery system
BRPI0907393A2 (pt) 2008-01-14 2015-07-21 Roson Energy S A Método de gaseificação de biomassa e aparellho para produzir singas com alto teor de hidrogênio.
US20120210636A1 (en) 2009-07-13 2012-08-23 James Charles Juranitch Large Scale Syngas BTU Enhancement for Power Generation
US9340494B2 (en) * 2011-12-19 2016-05-17 Stamicarbon B.V. Acting Under The Name Of Mt Innovation Center Process for producing ammonia and urea
WO2013110716A1 (fr) 2012-01-24 2013-08-01 Sge Scandgreen Energy Ab Procédé et système de production de combustibles, d'une matière contenant du carbone à l'aide d'un gazéifieur de plasma
CN103242134A (zh) 2013-04-25 2013-08-14 深圳市炬能生物质气化科技有限公司 一种生活垃圾热解气化净化方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2017134691A1 (fr) 2017-08-10
WO2017134691A8 (fr) 2018-09-13

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