EP3411163A1 - Device for producing hardened steel components and hardening method - Google Patents

Device for producing hardened steel components and hardening method

Info

Publication number
EP3411163A1
EP3411163A1 EP17703410.5A EP17703410A EP3411163A1 EP 3411163 A1 EP3411163 A1 EP 3411163A1 EP 17703410 A EP17703410 A EP 17703410A EP 3411163 A1 EP3411163 A1 EP 3411163A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heating
plate
modules
insulation
module
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP17703410.5A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3411163B1 (en
Inventor
Michael HASLMAYR
Andreas Sommer
Reiner Kelsch
Benedikt TUTEWOHL
Leopold Stegfellner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
Original Assignee
Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voestalpine Stahl GmbH, Voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH filed Critical Voestalpine Stahl GmbH
Publication of EP3411163A1 publication Critical patent/EP3411163A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3411163B1 publication Critical patent/EP3411163B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/02—Stamping using rigid devices or tools
    • B21D22/022—Stamping using rigid devices or tools by heating the blank or stamping associated with heat treatment
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D37/00—Tools as parts of machines covered by this subclass
    • B21D37/16—Heating or cooling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/18—Hardening; Quenching with or without subsequent tempering
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/34—Methods of heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/34—Methods of heating
    • C21D1/40—Direct resistance heating
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0068—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for particular articles not mentioned below
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D22/00—Shaping without cutting, by stamping, spinning, or deep-drawing
    • B21D22/20—Deep-drawing
    • B21D22/208—Deep-drawing by heating the blank or deep-drawing associated with heat treatment
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/673—Quenching devices for die quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001—Austenite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/68—Heating arrangements specially adapted for cooking plates or analogous hot-plates

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing hardened sheet steel blanks and sheet steel components therefrom.
  • the first method is the so-called direct method or press hardening.
  • a board is punched from a sheet steel strip, which may also be provided with a corrosion protection coating made of metal, then heated this board and formed the heated board in a forming tool with a single stroke and cured at the same time.
  • the curing takes place in that the hardenable steel material gives off its heat to the forming tool. It is important that the heat is released at a speed above the critical hardening temperature. This quench hardening results in the heated board, which has an austenitic structure, subsequently having a substantially martensitic structure and thus the high tensile strength.
  • boron-manganese steels are used in this process, ie boron-alloyed manganese carbon steels, such as the most commonly used 22MnB5 for this purpose, although there are also a number of other suitable steels from the basically same alloy concept.
  • a sheet steel plate is cut out of a sheet steel strip optionally provided with a corrosion protection coating and then the sheet steel blank formed into a component in a conventional multi-stage forming process.
  • This component preferably has a final contour, which is about 2% smaller in all spatial directions than the finished contour of the component.
  • this component is heated to the austenitizing temperature, so that the steel sheet structure becomes austenitic.
  • the thermal expansion in this case means that this heated sheet metal component compensates for the 2% smaller production.
  • this austenitized sheet metal component is placed in a mold hardening tool, in which it is pressed and at the same time cooled, but practically no longer or only to a very small extent is formed.
  • a mold hardening tool in which it is pressed and at the same time cooled, but practically no longer or only to a very small extent is formed.
  • the aforementioned steels are used and also here the critical hardness speed must be exceeded.
  • the structure also results in the same way.
  • the advantage of the indirect method or form hardening is that geometries can also be made more complex.
  • the advantage of the so-called direct method or press hardening is that simple components can be produced faster.
  • a hot-formed product for the production of hot-formed and press-hardened sheet metal products from metal blanks which comprises a heating station and a forming station.
  • the heating station has a lower tool and an upper tool, between which a metal plate is accommodated for heating.
  • the heating or heating of a metal plate in the heating station is done by indirect resistance heating.
  • the heat is generated outside the metal plate and passes through heat conduction into the metal plate itself.
  • the lower tool and / or the upper tool on an electrical resistance heater with at least one surface heating element.
  • the surface heating element is a heating plate with a plate body of an electrically conductive material, wherein the plate body is formed as a heating conductor.
  • the plate body is slotted and provided for example with a slot which extends over the thickness of the plate body.
  • a heating device for heating a metal circuit board which has a lower heating unit and an upper heating unit. These heating units are adjustable between a closed, the board between them receiving heating position and a spaced-apart release position. Each heating unit has a heated heating plate which comes into contact with the circuit board. It is provided that the heating plate of the bottom and / or the upper heating unit comprises a plurality of heating segments, which are arranged in a predetermined grid relative to each other and which are displaceable relative to each other in the plane defined by a contact surface between the heating segments and the board.
  • thermoforming station which has a warm-up device and at least one to be transported by the warm-up device goods carrier.
  • the product carrier can be equipped with a workpiece and a tempering component for conductive heating of the workpiece is present, wherein the heating device has a movable electrode for electrically contacting the temperature control component.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a device for heating sheet steel parts, with a fast and homogeneous heating of the flat boards is ensured, which has a minimum space requirements, produced in case of disturbances low exclusion and also ensures improved corrosion protection.
  • the object is achieved with a device having the features of claim 1.
  • the boards are heated with heating modules designed according to the invention.
  • a heating of the planar boards under hot plates wherein the high power density required and especially the uniform temperature distribution by a good heat conductive material, preferably copper and an electric heating can be realized.
  • a good heat conductive material preferably copper and an electric heating
  • mineral-insulated heating conductors are cast in copper, so that highest power densities can be achieved.
  • other electrical heating elements such as Hochtemperaturcopypatronen conceivable.
  • the copper is advantageously protected from oxidation by the fact that the copper and thus also the heat conductors cast in the copper are hermetically sealed in a heat-resistant stainless steel housing.
  • the plates may advantageously be provided with very wear-resistant and smooth coatings for longer service life and the lowest possible adhesion of corrosion layers, and in particular zinc, which may consist, for example, of chromium carbide or aluminum oxide and other known coatings.
  • FIG. 10 shows the heating module according to FIG. 8 in a horizontal section; the heating module with mineral insulated heating cable and copper core in a ge cut perspective view;
  • FIG. 12 shows the heating module according to FIG. 12 in a plan view
  • FIG. 13 shows the heating module according to FIG. 13 in a sectional view corresponding to the section line A-A;
  • FIG. 14 shows the heating module according to FIG. 12 in a sectional view corresponding to the section line B-B;
  • Figure 15 is a horizontal section of the heating module of Figure 12 along the line
  • FIG. 16 shows the heating module in a side view
  • Figure 17 shows another embodiment of the heating module according to the invention with a
  • FIG. 18 shows the heating module according to FIG. 17 in a section along the line A-A;
  • FIG. 19 shows the heating module according to FIG. 17 in a representation, cut along the FIG.
  • FIG. 20 shows the heating module according to FIG. 19 in a sectional view along the line C-C;
  • FIG. 23 is a partially cutaway perspective view taken along line A-A of FIG. 17;
  • Figure 24 shows the heating course of a 1.5 mm thick steel sheet between 870 ° C hot plates.
  • a heating module 1 is a cassette-like box-shaped element which has a plate-shaped or rectangular cavity 2 which has a flat plate 4 on a lower side 3 and side walls 5 which are perpendicular to the plate depart and a cover plate 6, which limit the box-like element 2 on all sides.
  • an insulation 7 is arranged on the plate 6.
  • heating coils or heating elements 8 are arranged, which can be acted upon via an inlet and a discharge 9, 10 with power.
  • a temperature sensor 11 may be present, which is connected to a temperature controller 12, which regulates the flow of current.
  • cooling coils or lines 9 may be present, so that the heating modules can not only be heated, but also cooled, in particular, with respect to adjacent heating modules.
  • a plurality of heating modules 1 can be combined to form a heating device 14 which, for example, comprises modules 1 arranged in such a way that they cover a board 15 to be heated accordingly.
  • the heating modules 1 are arranged within a respective heating device 14, wherein the heating device 14 may be arranged once on a Terrabypressenoberteil 16 and a AufMappressenunterteil 17 which are movable toward and away from each other, so that between the heating modules 1 of the respective heaters 14 a board 15 can be clamped and heated.
  • a corresponding heating device 14 may, for example, comprise six modules 1 (FIG. 4), wherein the modules are included on the edge side of the heating device 14 with an insulation 18.
  • the number of modules is however arbitrary.
  • the heating means 14 may also have at preferred locations cooled heating modules with cooling lines 9 and empty modules 20 or insulating blocks of insulating material, in whose areas no heating takes place (Figure 6).
  • the cavity 2 is inventively filled with copper, so that the heating element 8 are insulated by a non-electrically conductive mineral insulation against the copper and completely surrounded by copper and embedded to ensure a particularly good heat transfer.
  • the plate 4, the side walls 5 and the top wall 6 are present preferably formed of heat-resistant or high heat-resistant stainless steel and include the good thermal conductivity core, especially copper core ideally hermetically to prevent oxidation of the core.
  • the heating module 1 also has a copper core, but here heating cartridges are arranged.
  • the heating modules 1 are also formed on the region of the outer walls 5 with a complete insulation ( Figures 8, 9, 10).
  • the heating modules are also formed with mineral-insulated heating element and the copper core, wherein the heating modules in the formation as a single module in the side walls and the top wall over a uniform, in cross-section C-shaped insulation 20th
  • the insulation 20 accommodates the actual heating area consisting of the copper filled stainless steel box with the mineral insulated heating conductors.
  • the box fasteners 21 are present, which are designed in particular as threaded columns which pass through the insulation 20 upwards and on the upper side 22 of the insulation by a counter-bearing plate 23 and are screwed against it.
  • a counter-bearing plate 23rd In addition, on the counter-bearing plate 23rd
  • the heating module is likewise designed such that the box 2 made of stainless steel, filled with copper and comprising the heating conductors 8 arranged as heating coils, additionally comprises a cooling device in the form of a cooling coil 25 or cooling lines 25, wherein the cooling coil 25 is provided from the outside with an inlet 26 and a drain 27.
  • the inlet 26 and the outlet 27 pass through both the insulation 20 and the plate 6 and extend into the copper core.
  • the insulation 20 can be removed to the ceiling insulation between the plate 6 and the counter-bearing plate 23, so that the heating modules are arranged adjacent to each other and allow uniform heating or cooling without temperature bridges.
  • FIG. 24 It can be seen from the heating course (FIG. 24) that within a few seconds a corresponding steel plate, which is 1.5 mm thick, heated under hot plates (preferably heated above 870 ° C.) to above the Ac 3 of the material, for example 850 ° C. in particular, the temperature range up to 700 ° C is crossed very quickly. Very fast means that this will take about 10 seconds.

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for heating sheet steel plates, in particular for shaping and hardening in a press-hardening method, wherein a heating device is provided and the heating device comprises at least one heating module, wherein the at least one heating module is a cassette-type, box-type element having a plate- or cuboid-shaped hollow space, which has a flat plate on an underside, wherein at least one heating element is arranged in the hollow space, which is designed as an electrical resistance heating element, wherein the hollow space is completely filled with a good heat-conducting material, preferably copper, such that the at least one heating element is embedded and surrounded. The invention also relates to a method for this purpose.

Description

Vorrichtung zum Herstellen von gehärteten Stahlbauteilen und Verfahren zum  Apparatus for producing hardened steel components and method for
Härten Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zum Herstellen gehärteter Stahlblechplatinen und Stahlblechbauteile hieraus.  Hardening The invention relates to a method and an apparatus for producing hardened sheet steel blanks and sheet steel components therefrom.
Es ist seit langem bekannt, auch im Automobilbau für Karosserieteile aus Stahlblech auf gehärtete Bauteile zurückzugreifen. Der Vorteil bei gehärteten Stahlblechbauteilen ist, dass diese aufgrund ihrer erheblich höheren Härte bzw. Zugfestigkeit (Rm) eine Gewichtersparnis im Karosseriebau ergeben, da nicht auf weniger fest und dafür massive Bauteile zurückgegriffen werden muss, die deutlich schwerer wären. It has long been known, even in the automotive industry for body parts made of sheet steel to use hardened components. The advantage of hardened sheet steel components is that they result in a weight saving in body construction due to their considerably higher hardness or tensile strength (R m ), since it is not necessary to use less solid and therefore solid components that would be significantly heavier.
In den vergangenen Jahren haben sich zum Herstellen gehärteter Blechbauteile zwei Verfah- ren am Markt etabliert. In recent years, two processes have become established on the market for the manufacture of hardened sheet metal components.
Das erste Verfahren ist das sogenannte direkte Verfahren oder Presshärten. Bei diesem Verfahren wird aus einem Stahlblechband, welches auch mit einer Korrosionsschutzbeschichtung aus Metall versehen sein kann, eine Platine ausgestanzt, diese Platine anschließend aufge- heizt und die aufgeheizte Platine in einem Umformwerkzeug mit einem einzigen Hub umgeformt und gleichzeitig gehärtet. Hierbei erfolgt die Härtung dadurch, dass das härtbare Stahlmaterial seine Wärme an das Umformwerkzeug abgibt. Hierbei ist wichtig, dass die Abgabe der Wärme mit einer über der kritischen Härtetemperatur liegenden Geschwindigkeit erfolgt. Diese Abschreckhärtung führt dazu, dass die erhitzte Platine, welche ein austeniti- sches Gefüge besitzt, anschließend ein im Wesentlichen martensitisches Gefüge und damit die hohe Zugfestigkeit besitzt. The first method is the so-called direct method or press hardening. In this method, a board is punched from a sheet steel strip, which may also be provided with a corrosion protection coating made of metal, then heated this board and formed the heated board in a forming tool with a single stroke and cured at the same time. Here, the curing takes place in that the hardenable steel material gives off its heat to the forming tool. It is important that the heat is released at a speed above the critical hardening temperature. This quench hardening results in the heated board, which has an austenitic structure, subsequently having a substantially martensitic structure and thus the high tensile strength.
Üblicherweise werden bei diesem Verfahren sogenannte Bor-Mangan-Stähle eingesetzt, also borlegierte Mangankohlenstoffstähle, wie zum Beispiel der hierfür am meisten verwendete 22MnB5, wobei es jedoch auch noch eine Anzahl weiterer, hierfür geeigneter Stähle aus dem grundsätzlich gleichen Legierungskonzept gibt. Normally, boron-manganese steels are used in this process, ie boron-alloyed manganese carbon steels, such as the most commonly used 22MnB5 for this purpose, although there are also a number of other suitable steels from the basically same alloy concept.
Bei dem zweiten Verfahren, dem sogenannten Formhärten, welches von der Anmelderin entwickelt wurde, wird aus einem gegebenenfalls mit einer Korrosionsschutzbeschichtung versehenen Stahlblechband eine Stahlblechplatine ausgeschnitten und die Stahlblechplatine anschließend in einem herkömmlichen, mehrstufigen Umformprozess zu einem Bauteil umge- formt. Dieses Bauteil besitzt vorzugsweise eine Endkontur, die etwa 2% in allen Raumrichtungen kleiner ist als die fertige Kontur des Bauteils. Anschließend wird dieses Bauteil auf die Austenitisierungstemperatur erhitzt, so dass das Stahlblechgefüge austenitisch wird. Die Wärmedehnung führt hierbei dazu, dass dieses erhitzte Blechbauteil die 2%-ige kleinere Fertigung kompensiert. In the second method, the so-called form hardening, which was developed by the applicant, a sheet steel plate is cut out of a sheet steel strip optionally provided with a corrosion protection coating and then the sheet steel blank formed into a component in a conventional multi-stage forming process. This component preferably has a final contour, which is about 2% smaller in all spatial directions than the finished contour of the component. Subsequently, this component is heated to the austenitizing temperature, so that the steel sheet structure becomes austenitic. The thermal expansion in this case means that this heated sheet metal component compensates for the 2% smaller production.
Anschließend wird dieses austenitisierte Blechbauteil in ein Formhärtewerkzeug eingelegt, in dem es gepresst und gleichzeitig gekühlt, aber praktisch nicht mehr oder nur in sehr geringem Maße umgeformt wird. Auch hierbei werden die vorgenannten Stähle verwendet und auch hierbei muss die kritische Härtegeschwindigkeit überschritten werden. Auch das Gefüge ergibt sich dann in gleicher Weise. Subsequently, this austenitized sheet metal component is placed in a mold hardening tool, in which it is pressed and at the same time cooled, but practically no longer or only to a very small extent is formed. Again, the aforementioned steels are used and also here the critical hardness speed must be exceeded. The structure also results in the same way.
Der Vorteil des indirekten Verfahrens bzw. Formhärtens ist, dass Geometrien auch aufwändiger ausgebildet werden können. Der Vorteil beim sogenannten direkten Verfahren oder Presshärten ist, dass einfache Bauteile schneller hergestellt werden können. The advantage of the indirect method or form hardening is that geometries can also be made more complex. The advantage of the so-called direct method or press hardening is that simple components can be produced faster.
Eine Herausforderung bei der Umsetzung des direkten Presshärteprozesses liegt darin, die Platine aufzuheizen. One challenge in implementing the direct press hardening process is to heat the board.
Üblicherweise erfolgt die Erwärmung der ebenen Platine in einem konventionellen Ofen mit einer Länge von ca. 40 m, wobei insbesondere 1,5 mm dicke Platinen zum Beispiel drei Minuten durch diesen Ofen hindurchlaufen. Darüber hinaus wurden bereits einige Versuche unternommen, derartige Platinen durch das Anlegen heißer Metallkörper aufzuheizen. Typically, the heating of the planar board in a conventional oven with a length of about 40 m, in particular 1.5 mm thick boards, for example, run through this oven for three minutes. In addition, some attempts have been made to heat such boards by the application of hot metal body.
Hierbei ergibt sich jedoch eine Vielzahl von Problemen. Bei klassischen Strahlungsöfen ist von Nachteil, dass diese einen hohen Platzbedarf haben, da die Öfen relativ groß gebaut sind. Darüber hinaus ist von Nachteil, das im Störfall ein hoher Ausschuss anfällt, da alle im Ofen befindlichen Platinen, da sie länger als geplant im Ofen verblieben sind, nicht mehr verwendbar sind. Selbst im Normalbetrieb erfolgt eine starke Oxidation der Oberfläche, die unerwünscht ist. However, this results in a variety of problems. In the case of classic radiant ovens, it is disadvantageous that they require a large amount of space, since the ovens are relatively large in size. In addition, it is disadvantageous that in case of failure a high rejects accumulates because all located in the oven boards, since they are left longer than planned in the oven, are no longer usable. Even in normal operation there is a strong oxidation of the surface, which is undesirable.
Aus der DE 10 2014 101 539 AI ist ein Warmformling zur Herstellung von warmumgeformten und pressgehärteten Blech Produkten aus Metallplatinen bekannt, welche eine Heizstation und eine Umformstation umfasst. Die Heizstation besitzt ein Unterwerkzeug und ein Oberwerkzeug, zwischen denen eine Metallplatine zum Erwärmen aufgenommen wird. Die Erwärmung bzw. Aufheizung einer Metallplatine in der Heizstation erfolgt durch mittelbare Widerstandserwärmung. Die Wärme wird außerhalb der Metallplatine erzeugt und gelangt durch Wärmeleitung in die Metallplatine selbst. Hierzu weist das Unterwerkzeug und/oder auch das Oberwerkzeug eine elektrische Widerstandsheizung mit zumindest einem Flächenheizelement auf. Erfindungsgemäß ist das Flächenheizelement eine Heizplatte mit einem Plattenkörper aus einem elektrisch leitfähigen Material, wobei der Plattenkörper als Heizleiter ausgebildet ist. Hierzu ist der Plattenkörper geschlitzt und beispielsweise mit einem Schlitz versehen, welcher sich über die Dicke des Plattenkörpers erstreckt. From DE 10 2014 101 539 AI a hot-formed product for the production of hot-formed and press-hardened sheet metal products from metal blanks is known, which comprises a heating station and a forming station. The heating station has a lower tool and an upper tool, between which a metal plate is accommodated for heating. The heating or heating of a metal plate in the heating station is done by indirect resistance heating. The heat is generated outside the metal plate and passes through heat conduction into the metal plate itself. For this purpose, the lower tool and / or the upper tool on an electrical resistance heater with at least one surface heating element. According to the invention, the surface heating element is a heating plate with a plate body of an electrically conductive material, wherein the plate body is formed as a heating conductor. For this purpose, the plate body is slotted and provided for example with a slot which extends over the thickness of the plate body.
Aus der DE 10 2009 007 826 AI ist eine Heizvorrichtung zur Erwärmung einer metallenen Platine bekannt, welche eine untere Heizeinheit und eine obere Heizeinheit besitzt. Diese Heizeinheiten sind zwischen einer geschlossenen, die Platine zwischen sich aufnehmenden Heizstellung und einer voneinander beabstandeten Freigabestellung verstellbar. Jede Heiz- einheit weist eine mit der Platine in Kontakt tretende beheizbare Heizplatte auf. Hierbei ist vorgesehen, dass die Heizplatte der unten und/oder der oberen Heizeinheit eine Vielzahl von Heizsegmenten umfasst, die in einem vorbestimmten Raster relativ zueinander angeordnet sind und die in der von einer Kontaktfläche zwischen den Heizsegmenten und der Platine definierten Ebene relativ zueinander verschiebbar sind. From DE 10 2009 007 826 AI a heating device for heating a metal circuit board is known, which has a lower heating unit and an upper heating unit. These heating units are adjustable between a closed, the board between them receiving heating position and a spaced-apart release position. Each heating unit has a heated heating plate which comes into contact with the circuit board. It is provided that the heating plate of the bottom and / or the upper heating unit comprises a plurality of heating segments, which are arranged in a predetermined grid relative to each other and which are displaceable relative to each other in the plane defined by a contact surface between the heating segments and the board.
Aus der DE 10 2014 101 891 AI ist ein System zum Aufwärmen von Werkstücken, insbesondere für eine Warmformungsstation bekannt, welches eine Aufwärmvorrichtung und wenigstens einen durch die Aufwärmvorrichtung zu transportierenden Warenträger besitzt. Der Warenträger ist mit einem Werkstück bestückbar und eine Temperierungskomponente zum konduktiven Erwärmen des Werkstücks ist vorhanden, wobei die Aufwärmungsvorrichtung eine bewegliche Elektrode zum elektrischen Kontaktieren der Temperierungskomponente besitzt. Bei den bekannten Plattensystemen ist von Nachteil, dass induktiv beheizte Platten einen niedrigen Wirkungsgrad aufweisen und die Leistungsverteilung sich sehr schlecht regeln lässt. Auch die bereits vorgeschlagenen Keramikheizelemente leiden darunter, dass sie eine niedrige Lebensdauer haben, die Leistungsverteilung ebenfalls schlecht geregelt ist und der Ansteueraufwand bei vielen kleinen Elementen recht hoch ist. From DE 10 2014 101 891 AI a system for warming up workpieces, in particular for a thermoforming station is known which has a warm-up device and at least one to be transported by the warm-up device goods carrier. The product carrier can be equipped with a workpiece and a tempering component for conductive heating of the workpiece is present, wherein the heating device has a movable electrode for electrically contacting the temperature control component. In the known plate systems is disadvantageous that inductively heated plates have a low efficiency and the power distribution can be very poorly regulated. Even the already proposed Keramikheizelemente suffer from the fact that they have a low life, the power distribution is also poorly regulated and the driving effort is quite high for many small elements.
Bekannte Mäanderlösungen haben ebenfalls den Nachteil, dass die Leistungsverteilung ungünstig ist. Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, eine Vorrichtung zum Aufheizen von Stahlblechteilen zu schaffen, mit der eine schnelle und möglichst homogene Erwärmung der ebenen Platinen sichergestellt ist, welche einen geringstmöglichen Platzbedarf hat, bei Störungen geringen Ausschluss produziert und zudem einen verbesserten Korrosionsschutz gewährleistet. Die Aufgabe wird mit einer Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind in den hiervon abhängigen Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet. Known meandering solutions also have the disadvantage that the power distribution is unfavorable. The object of the invention is to provide a device for heating sheet steel parts, with a fast and homogeneous heating of the flat boards is ensured, which has a minimum space requirements, produced in case of disturbances low exclusion and also ensures improved corrosion protection. The object is achieved with a device having the features of claim 1. Advantageous developments are characterized in the dependent claims.
Es ist eine weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung ein Verfahren zum Aufheizen von Stahlblechbauteilen zu schaffen unter Verwendung der Vorrichtung. It is a further object of the invention to provide a method of heating sheet steel components using the apparatus.
Die Aufgabe wird mit einem Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 12 gelöst. The object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 12.
Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen sind in den hiervon abhängigen Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet. Advantageous developments are characterized in the dependent claims.
Erfindungsgemäß werden die Platinen mit erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Heizmodulen beheizt. Hierbei erfolgt eine Erwärmung der ebenen Platinen unter heißen Platten, wobei die hohe erforderliche Leistungsdichte und vor allem die gleichmäßige Temperaturverteilung durch ein gut wärmeleitfähiges Material, vorzugsweise Kupfer und eine elektrische Beheizung realisiert werden kann. Hierbei werden erfindungsgemäß mineralisolierte Heizleiter in Kupfer eingegossen, so dass höchste Leistungsdichten erzielt werden können. Hierzu alternativ sind andere elektrische Heizelemente, wie zum Beispiel Hochtemperaturheizpatronen, denkbar. According to the invention, the boards are heated with heating modules designed according to the invention. Here, a heating of the planar boards under hot plates, wherein the high power density required and especially the uniform temperature distribution by a good heat conductive material, preferably copper and an electric heating can be realized. In this case, according to the invention mineral-insulated heating conductors are cast in copper, so that highest power densities can be achieved. Alternatively, other electrical heating elements, such as Hochtemperaturheizpatronen conceivable.
Erfindungsgemäß wird hierbei eine optimale Temperaturhomogenität und die Möglichkeit von Teilen mit unterschiedlichen Eigenschaften durch modularen Aufbau und modulare Ansteue- rung erzielt. Insbesondere, wenn mehrere, getrennt geregelte Heizmodule für eine Platinenfläche verwendet werden, können hierbei die mechanischen Eigenschaften durch unterschiedliche Härtegrade sehr genau eingestellt werden. Erfindungsgemäß wird vorteilhafterweise das Kupfer vor Oxidation dadurch geschützt, dass das Kupfer und damit auch die im Kupfer eingegossenen Heizleiter, hermetisch abgeschlossen in einem warmfesten Edelstahlgehäuse angeordnet sind. According to the invention, optimal temperature homogeneity and the possibility of parts with different properties are achieved by modular construction and modular actuation. In particular, when multiple, separately controlled heating modules are used for a board surface, in this case the mechanical properties can be adjusted very precisely by different degrees of hardness. According to the invention, the copper is advantageously protected from oxidation by the fact that the copper and thus also the heat conductors cast in the copper are hermetically sealed in a heat-resistant stainless steel housing.
Zusätzlich können vorteilhafterweise die Platten für höhere Standzeiten und geringstmögliche Anhaftungen von Korrosionsschichten und insbesondere Zink mit sehr verschleißfesten und glatten Beschichtungen versehen sein, die zum Beispiel aus Chromkarbid oder Aluminiumoxid und weiteren bekannten Beschichtungen bestehen können. In addition, the plates may advantageously be provided with very wear-resistant and smooth coatings for longer service life and the lowest possible adhesion of corrosion layers, and in particular zinc, which may consist, for example, of chromium carbide or aluminum oxide and other known coatings.
Die Erfindung wird anhand einer Zeichnung beispielhaft erläutert. Es zeigen hierbei: stark schematisiert ein erfindungsgemäßes Heizmodul; Figur 2 eine Anordnung mehrerer Heizmodule mit einer darunter angeordneten Platine in einer stark schematisierten Ansicht; eine Aufheizpresse für Platinen mit einer Mehrzahl von Heizmodulen in einer seitlichen geschnittenen, stark schematisierten Ansicht; die Vorrichtung nach Figur 3 in einem Horizontalschnitt durch die Heizmodule; eine Heizmodulanordnung mit oberen und unteren Heizmodulen, wobei mittlere Heizmodule zudem über eine aktive Kühlung verfügen zur Erzeugung von Bauteilen mit unterschiedlichen mechanischen Eigenschaften; eine Modulanordnung mit eingebauten funktionsfreien Modulen, um bestimmte Bauteilbereiche nicht aufzuheizen; eine Anordnung von Heizmodulen mit Führungsbolzen und Federn zur Erzeugung einer gleichmäßigen Flächenpressung und zur Vermeidung von Verkippungen; eine teilgeschnittene perspektivische Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizmoduls mit Heizpatronen und Kupferkern; das Heizmodul nach Figur 8 in einem Vertikalschnitt; Figur 10 das Heizmodul nach Figur 8 in einem Horizontalschnitt; das Heizmodul mit mineralisoliertem Heizkabel und Kupferkern in einer ge schnittenen perspektivischen Ansicht; The invention will be explained by way of example with reference to a drawing. Shown here are: very schematically a heating module according to the invention; Figure 2 shows an arrangement of several heating modules with a board arranged underneath in a highly schematic view; a heating press for boards with a plurality of heating modules in a side cut, highly schematic view; the device of Figure 3 in a horizontal section through the heating modules; a Heizmodulanordnung with upper and lower heating modules, wherein mean heating modules also have an active cooling to produce components with different mechanical properties; a module assembly with built-in function-free modules so as not to heat certain component areas; an arrangement of heating modules with guide pins and springs to produce a uniform surface pressure and to avoid tilting; a partially cutaway perspective view of a heating module according to the invention with heating cartridges and copper core; the heating module of Figure 8 in a vertical section; FIG. 10 shows the heating module according to FIG. 8 in a horizontal section; the heating module with mineral insulated heating cable and copper core in a ge cut perspective view;
Figur 12 das Heizmodul nach Figur 12 in einer Draufsicht; FIG. 12 shows the heating module according to FIG. 12 in a plan view;
Figur 13 das Heizmodul nach Figur 13 in einer Schnittansicht entsprechend der Schnittlinie A-A; FIG. 13 shows the heating module according to FIG. 13 in a sectional view corresponding to the section line A-A;
Figur 14 das Heizmodul nach Figur 12 in einer Schnittansicht entsprechend der Schnittlinie B-B; FIG. 14 shows the heating module according to FIG. 12 in a sectional view corresponding to the section line B-B;
Figur 15 einen Horizontalschnitt des Heizmoduls nach Figur 12 entsprechend der Linie Figure 15 is a horizontal section of the heating module of Figure 12 along the line
C-C nach Figur 15;  C-C of Figure 15;
Figur 16 das Heizmodul in einer Seitenansicht; FIG. 16 shows the heating module in a side view;
Figur 17 eine weitere Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Heizmoduls mit einer Figure 17 shows another embodiment of the heating module according to the invention with a
Kühlung;  Cooling;
Figur 18 das Heizmodul nach Figur 17 in einem Schnitt entlang der Linie A-A; FIG. 18 shows the heating module according to FIG. 17 in a section along the line A-A;
Figur 19 das Heizmodul nach Figur 17 in einer Darstellung, geschnitten entlang der 19 shows the heating module according to FIG. 17 in a representation, cut along the FIG
Linie B-B;  Line B-B;
Figur 20 das Heizmodul nach Figur 19 in einer Schnittansicht entlang der Linie C-C; FIG. 20 shows the heating module according to FIG. 19 in a sectional view along the line C-C;
[API] Figur 23 eine teilgeschnittene perspektivische Ansicht entlang der Linie A-A gemäß Figur 17;  FIG. 23 is a partially cutaway perspective view taken along line A-A of FIG. 17;
Figur 24 den Erwärmungsverlauf eines 1,5 mm dicken Stahlblechs zwischen 870°C heißen Platten. Figure 24 shows the heating course of a 1.5 mm thick steel sheet between 870 ° C hot plates.
Ein erfindungsgemäßes Heizmodul 1 ist ein kassettenartig ausgebildetes kastenartiges Element, welches einen platten- oder rechteckförmigen Hohlraum 2 besitzt, der auf einer Unterseite 3 eine ebene Platte 4 besitzt, sowie Seitenwandungen 5, die von der Platte senkrecht abgehen und eine Deckplatte 6, die das kastenartige Element 2 allseitig begrenzen. Nach oben ist an der Platte 6 eine Isolierung 7 angeordnet. A heating module 1 according to the invention is a cassette-like box-shaped element which has a plate-shaped or rectangular cavity 2 which has a flat plate 4 on a lower side 3 and side walls 5 which are perpendicular to the plate depart and a cover plate 6, which limit the box-like element 2 on all sides. At the top, an insulation 7 is arranged on the plate 6.
In dem Hohlraum 2 sind Heizwendeln bzw. Heizelemente 8 angeordnet, welche über eine Zu- und eine Ableitung 9, 10 mit Strom beaufschlagt werden können. Zusätzlich kann vorteilhafterweise ein Temperaturfühler 11 vorhanden sein, der mit einem Temperaturregler 12 verbunden ist, der den Stromfluss regelt. In the cavity 2 heating coils or heating elements 8 are arranged, which can be acted upon via an inlet and a discharge 9, 10 with power. In addition, advantageously, a temperature sensor 11 may be present, which is connected to a temperature controller 12, which regulates the flow of current.
Insbesondere bei einem rechteckförmigen Heizmodul 1 sind mehrere mineralisolierte Heiz- wendein 8 in Reihe geschaltet und nebeneinander liegend angeordnet, so dass das Heizmodul auf gesamter Fläche aufgeheizt werden kann. In particular, in the case of a rectangular heating module 1, several mineral-insulated heating elements 8 are connected in series and arranged next to each other, so that the heating module can be heated over the entire surface.
Zusätzlich zu den Heizelemente 8 können Kühlschlangen oder -leitungen 9 (Figur 5) vorhanden sein, so dass die Heizmodule nicht nur aufgeheizt, sondern auch insbesondere gegen- über benachbarten Heizmodulen abgekühlt werden können. In addition to the heating elements 8, cooling coils or lines 9 (FIG. 5) may be present, so that the heating modules can not only be heated, but also cooled, in particular, with respect to adjacent heating modules.
Eine Mehrzahl von Heizmodulen 1 kann zu einer Heizeinrichtung 14 zusammengefasst werden, die beispielsweise so angeordnete Module 1 umfasst, dass diese eine aufzuheizende Platine 15 entsprechend abdecken. A plurality of heating modules 1 can be combined to form a heating device 14 which, for example, comprises modules 1 arranged in such a way that they cover a board 15 to be heated accordingly.
Vorzugsweise sind die Heizmodule 1 innerhalb je einer Heizeinrichtung 14 angeordnet, wobei die Heizeinrichtung 14 einmal an einem Aufheizpressenoberteil 16 und einem Aufheizpressenunterteil 17 angeordnet sein können, welche aufeinander zu und voneinander weg bewegbar sind, so dass zwischen den Heizmodulen 1 der jeweiligen Heizeinrichtungen 14 eine Platine 15 klemmend gehalten und aufgeheizt werden kann. Preferably, the heating modules 1 are arranged within a respective heating device 14, wherein the heating device 14 may be arranged once on a Aufheizpressenoberteil 16 and a Aufheizpressenunterteil 17 which are movable toward and away from each other, so that between the heating modules 1 of the respective heaters 14 a board 15 can be clamped and heated.
Eine entsprechende Heizeinrichtung 14 kann beispielsweise sechs Module 1 umfassen (Figur 4), wobei die Module randseitig der Heizeinrichtung 14 mit einer Isolierung 18 umfasst sind. Die Zahl der Module ist aber beliebig. A corresponding heating device 14 may, for example, comprise six modules 1 (FIG. 4), wherein the modules are included on the edge side of the heating device 14 with an insulation 18. The number of modules is however arbitrary.
Die Heizeinrichtungen 14 können dabei auch an bevorzugten Stellen gekühlte Heizmodule mit Kühlleitungen 9 bzw. Leermodule 20 oder Isolierblöcke aus Isoliermaterial besitzen, in deren Bereichen keine Aufheizung erfolgt (Figur 6). Der Hohlraum 2 ist erfindungsgemäß mit Kupfer ausgefüllt, so dass die Heizleiter 8 durch eine nicht elektrisch leitfähige Mineralisolierung gegen das Kupfer isoliert sind und vom Kupfer vollständig umgeben und eingebettet sind, um einen besonders guten Wärmeübergang zu gewährleisten. Die Platte 4, die Seitenwandungen 5 und die Deckenwandung 6 sind vor- zugsweise aus wärmebeständigem bzw. hoch wärmefestem Edelstahl ausgebildet und schließen den gut wärmeleitfähigen Kern, insbesondere Kupferkern idealerweise hermetisch ein um eine Oxidation des Kerns zu verhindern. Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform besitzt das Heizmodul 1 ebenfalls einen Kupferkern, wobei hier jedoch Heizpatronen angeordnet sind. Hierbei sind die Heizmodule 1 auch an dem Bereich der Außenwandungen 5 mit einer vollständigen Isolierung ausgebildet (Figuren 8, 9, 10). Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform (Figuren 11 bis 15) sind die Heizmodule ebenfalls mit mineralisolierten Heizleiter und dem Kupferkern ausgebildet, wobei die Heizmodule bei der Ausbildung als einzelnes Modul im Bereich der Seitenwandungen und der Deckenwandung über eine einheitliche, im Querschnitt C-förmige Isolierung 20 verfügen, wobei die Isolierung 20 den eigentlichen Heizbereich, bestehend aus dem Kupfer gefüllten Edelstahlkasten mit den mineralisolierten Heizleiter, aufnimmt. The heating means 14 may also have at preferred locations cooled heating modules with cooling lines 9 and empty modules 20 or insulating blocks of insulating material, in whose areas no heating takes place (Figure 6). The cavity 2 is inventively filled with copper, so that the heating element 8 are insulated by a non-electrically conductive mineral insulation against the copper and completely surrounded by copper and embedded to ensure a particularly good heat transfer. The plate 4, the side walls 5 and the top wall 6 are present preferably formed of heat-resistant or high heat-resistant stainless steel and include the good thermal conductivity core, especially copper core ideally hermetically to prevent oxidation of the core. In a further advantageous embodiment, the heating module 1 also has a copper core, but here heating cartridges are arranged. Here, the heating modules 1 are also formed on the region of the outer walls 5 with a complete insulation (Figures 8, 9, 10). In a further advantageous embodiment (Figures 11 to 15), the heating modules are also formed with mineral-insulated heating element and the copper core, wherein the heating modules in the formation as a single module in the side walls and the top wall over a uniform, in cross-section C-shaped insulation 20th The insulation 20 accommodates the actual heating area consisting of the copper filled stainless steel box with the mineral insulated heating conductors.
Um den Kasten an der Isolierung 20 zu halten, sind in dem Kasten Verbindungselemente 21 vorhanden, welche insbesondere als Gewindesäulen ausgebildet sind, welche die Isolierung 20 nach oben durchgreifen und auf der Oberseite 22 der Isolierung eine Gegenlagerplatte 23 durchgreifen und gegen diese verschraubt sind. Zudem sind an der Gegenlagerplatte 23In order to keep the box on the insulation 20, in the box fasteners 21 are present, which are designed in particular as threaded columns which pass through the insulation 20 upwards and on the upper side 22 of the insulation by a counter-bearing plate 23 and are screwed against it. In addition, on the counter-bearing plate 23rd
Kontaktpole 24 angeordnet, welche die Gegenlagerplatte 23 und die Isolierung 22 durchgreifen und die Heizelemente 8 kontaktierend ausgebildet sind. Contact poles 24 arranged, which pass through the counter-bearing plate 23 and the insulation 22 and the heating elements 8 are formed contacting.
Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform (Figuren 17 bis 23) ist das Heizmodul ebenfalls so ausgebildet, dass der Kasten 2 aus Edelstahl, aufgefüllt mit Kupfer und umfassend die als Heizspiralen angeordneten Heizleiter 8, zusätzlich eine Kühleinrichtung in Form einer Kühlschlange 25 oder Kühlleitungen 25 umfasst, wobei die Kühlschlange 25 von außen mit einem Zulauf 26 und einem Ablauf 27 versehen ist. Der Zulauf 26 und der Ablauf 27 durchgreifen sowohl die Isolierung 20 als auch die Platte 6 und reichen bis in den Kupferkern hinein. In a further advantageous embodiment (FIGS. 17 to 23), the heating module is likewise designed such that the box 2 made of stainless steel, filled with copper and comprising the heating conductors 8 arranged as heating coils, additionally comprises a cooling device in the form of a cooling coil 25 or cooling lines 25, wherein the cooling coil 25 is provided from the outside with an inlet 26 and a drain 27. The inlet 26 and the outlet 27 pass through both the insulation 20 and the plate 6 and extend into the copper core.
Bei der Kombination von Heizmodulen 1 können die Isolierungen 20 bis auf die Deckenisolierung zwischen der Platte 6 und der Gegenlagerplatte 23 entfernt werden, so dass die Heiz- module aneinanderliegend angeordnet sind und eine uniforme Beheizung bzw. Kühlung ohne Temperaturbrücken ermöglichen. Bei der Erfindung ist von Vorteil, dass durch die Kopplung von mineralisolierten Heizleitungen einerseits und einem Kupferkern andererseits, verbunden mit einer warmfesten platinenseiti- gen Edelstahlplatte, ein besonders guter und hoch effektiver Wärmeübergang realisiert wird. Man erkennt am Erwärmungsverlauf (Figur 24), dass innerhalb von wenigen Sekunden eine entsprechende Stahlplatine, die 1,5 mm dick ist, unter heißen Platten (vorzugsweise größer 870°C temperiert) auf über die Ac3 des Werkstoffes beispielsweise 850°C aufgeheizt wird, wobei insbesondere der Temperaturbereich bis 700°C sehr schnell durchschritten wird. Sehr schnell bedeutet, dass dies in etwa 10 Sekunden in Anspruch nimmt. In the combination of heating modules 1, the insulation 20 can be removed to the ceiling insulation between the plate 6 and the counter-bearing plate 23, so that the heating modules are arranged adjacent to each other and allow uniform heating or cooling without temperature bridges. In the invention it is advantageous that a particularly good and highly effective heat transfer is realized by the coupling of mineral-insulated heating cables on the one hand and a copper core on the other hand, connected to a heat-resistant platinenseiti- gene stainless steel plate. It can be seen from the heating course (FIG. 24) that within a few seconds a corresponding steel plate, which is 1.5 mm thick, heated under hot plates (preferably heated above 870 ° C.) to above the Ac 3 of the material, for example 850 ° C. in particular, the temperature range up to 700 ° C is crossed very quickly. Very fast means that this will take about 10 seconds.
Bei der Erfindung ist von Vorteil, dass durch die Verwendung von nicht beheizbaren oder wassergekühlten Modulen in einer Heizeinrichtung zudem bestimmte Bereiche, die nicht gehärtet werden sollen, ausgespart werden können. Hierdurch können Platinen mit unterschiedlichen Gefügen ausgebildet werden, so dass hierdurch nach dem Presshärten Bauteile mit unterschiedlichen mechanischen Eigenschaften (Taylored Property Parts=TPP) erzielt werden. In the invention, it is advantageous that, by using non-heatable or water-cooled modules in a heating device, certain areas which are not to be hardened can be left out. As a result, boards with different structures can be formed so that components with different mechanical properties (Taylored Property Parts = TPP) are achieved after press hardening.

Claims

Internationale Patentanmeldung voestalpine Stahl GmbH, voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH VAS1006PWO Patentansprüche International patent application voestalpine Stahl GmbH, voestalpine Metal Forming GmbH VAS1006PWO claims
Vorrichtung zum Aufheizen von Stahlblechplatinen, wobei eine Heizeinrichtung (14) vorhanden ist und die Heizeinrichtung (14) zumindest ein Heizmodul (1) umfasst, wobei das zumindest eine Heizmodul (1) ein kassettenartig ausgebildetes, kastenartiges Element ist, welches einen platten- oder rechteckförmigen Hohlraum (2) besitzt, der auf einer Unterseite (3) eine ebene Platte (4) besitzt, wobei in dem Hohlraum (2) zumindest ein Heizelement (8) angeordnet ist, welches als elektrisches Widerstandsheizelement ausgebildet ist, wobei der Hohlraum (2) das zumindest eine Heizelement (8) einbettend und umgebend vollständig mit einem gut wärmeleitfähigen Material, bevorzugt Kupfer gefüllt ist. A device for heating sheet steel blanks, wherein a heating device (14) is present and the heating device (14) comprises at least one heating module (1), wherein the at least one heating module (1) is a cassette-like, box-like element which a plate or rectangular Cavity (2) has on a bottom (3) has a flat plate (4), wherein in the cavity (2) at least one heating element (8) is arranged, which is designed as an electrical resistance heating element, wherein the cavity (2) the at least one heating element (8) embedding and surrounding completely with a good heat conductive material, preferably copper is filled.
Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Heizmodul (1) zusätzlich Kühlleitungen (9) zum Kühlen des Moduls (1) umfasst. Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating module (1) in addition cooling lines (9) for cooling the module (1).
Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Heizeinrichtung (14) Heizmodule (1) mit Heizelementen (8) und/oder Heizmodule (1) mit Heizelementen (8) und Kühlleitungen (9) und/oder Module besitzt, die weder beheizt noch gekühlt sind. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating device (14) has heating modules (1) with heating elements (8) and / or heating modules (1) with heating elements (8) and cooling lines (9) and / or modules that neither heated are still cooled.
Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Heizeinrichtung (14) mit zumindest einem Heizmodul (1) an einem Aufheizpressenoberteil (16) und/oder einem Aufheizpressenunterteil (17) angeordnet ist, welche aufeinander zu und voneinander wegbewegbar sind, so dass zwischen den Heizmodulen (1) der jeweiligen Heizeinrichtung (14) eine Platine (15) klemmend haltbar und aufheizbar ist. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a heating device (14) with at least one heating module (1) on a Aufheizpressenoberteil (16) and / or a Aufheizpressenunterteil (17) is arranged, which are movable toward and away from each other, so that between the heating modules (1) of the respective heating device (14), a circuit board (15) is clampable durable and can be heated.
Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Heizeinrichtung (14) an Stellen, an denen eine Platine nicht gehärtet werden soll, unbeheizte oder gekühlte Heizmodule (1) besitzt. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating device (14) has unheated or cooled heating modules (1) at locations where a board is not to be hardened.
6. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die den Hohlraum (2) bzw. Kupfer gefüllten Hohlraum (2) umgebenden Platten (4), Seitenwandungen (5) und die Deckenwandung (6) aus wärmebeständigen oder hochwärm- festen Edelstahl ausgebildet sind und so miteinander verbunden sind, dass der Kern aus gut wärmeleitfähigen Material, insbesondere Kupferkern hermetisch abgeschlossen ist. 6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cavity (2) or copper filled cavity (2) surrounding plates (4), side walls (5) and the top wall (6) made of heat-resistant or high heat resistant stainless steel are formed and connected to each other so that the core of good thermal conductivity material, in particular copper core is hermetically sealed.
7. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Heizmodul (1) bei singulärer Anordnung in einer Heizeinrichtung (14) im Bereich der Außenwandungen (5) und im Bereich der Deckenwandung (6) mit einer Isolierung (20) ausgebildet sind. 7. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the heating module (1) in a singular arrangement in a heating device (14) in the region of the outer walls (5) and in the region of the top wall (6) are formed with an insulation (20) ,
8. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Isolierung (20) im Querschnitt c-förmig ausgebildet ist, wobei um den Kasten (2) an der Isolierung (20) zu halten in dem Kasten Verbindungselemente (21) vorhanden sind, welche die Isolierung (20) von der Platte (4) weg durchgreifen und auf der Oberseite8. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the insulation (20) is formed in cross-section C-shaped, wherein to hold the box (2) on the insulation (20) in the box fasteners (21) are present which pass through the insulation (20) away from the plate (4) and on top
(22) der Isolierung eine Gegenlagerplatte (23) vorhanden ist, welche hiervon durchgriffen wird und gegen diese die Verbindungselemente (21) gebunden sind. (22) of the insulation, a counter-bearing plate (23) is present, which is penetrated by and against which the connecting elements (21) are bonded.
9. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass an einer der Platte (4) gegenüber liegenden Seite des Heizmoduls (1) Kontaktpole (24) angeordnet sind, welche die Heizelemente (8) kontaktierend ausgebildet sind. 9. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on one of the plate (4) opposite side of the heating module (1) contact poles (24) are arranged, which are the heating elements (8) formed contacting.
10. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei einem Heizmodul (1) mit einer Kühlleitung (9) die Kühlleitung von außen mit einem Zulauf (26) und einem Ablauf (27) ausgebildet ist, wobei der Zulauf (26) und der Ablauf10. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a heating module (1) with a cooling line (9), the cooling line from the outside with an inlet (26) and a drain (27) is formed, wherein the inlet (26) and the process
(27) die Isolierung (20) und die Platte (6) durchgreifen und in den Kupferkern hineinragen, so dass diese die Kühlleitung (9), (25) mit Kühlmittel versorgenbar sind. (27) pass through the insulation (20) and the plate (6) and protrude into the copper core, so that they are the cooling line (9), (25) supplied with coolant.
11. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass bei einer Heizeinrichtung (14) mit einer Mehrzahl von Heizmodulen (1) die Isolierungen11. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that in a heating device (14) having a plurality of heating modules (1), the insulation
(20) so ausgebildet sind, dass diese zwischen unisolierten Seitenwandungen (5) der Heizmodule (1) direkt aneinander liegend angeordnet sind. (20) are formed so that they are arranged directly against each other between uninsulated side walls (5) of the heating modules (1).
12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Heizelement als Heiz- patrone oder mineralisolierter Heizleiter ausgebildet ist. 12. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the heating element is designed as a heating cartridge or mineral-insulated heating conductor.
13. Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, wobei die Stahlblechplatine zumindest einseitig mit Wärme beaufschlagt wird, wobei die Stahlblechplatine mit einer Platte (4) eines Heizmoduls (1) einer Heizeinrichtung (14) in Kontakt gebracht wird, wobei das Heizmodul (1) elektrisch beheizt wird und die Wärme im Heizmodul von einem elektrischen Widerstandsheizelement (8) auf einen gut wärmeleitfähigen Kern, bevorzugt Kupferkern und von diesem Kern, bevorzugt Kupferkern auf die Platten (6) und von der Platte (6) auf die Platine übertragen wird. 13. A method of operating a device according to claim 1, wherein the sheet steel plate is applied at least on one side with heat, wherein the sheet steel plate with a Plate (4) of a heating module (1) a heater (14) is brought into contact, wherein the heating module (1) is electrically heated and the heat in the heating module of an electrical resistance heating element (8) on a good thermal conductivity core, preferably copper core and this core, preferably copper core is transferred to the plates (6) and from the plate (6) on the board.
14. Verfahren nach Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Heizeinrichtung (14) mit einer Mehrzahl von Heizelementen (8) ausgebildet ist und die Platine der Mehrzahl von Heizeinrichtungen (8) wahlweise beheizt, nicht beheizt oder gekühlt wird. 14. The method according to claim 13, characterized in that a heating device (14) with a plurality of heating elements (8) is formed and the board of the plurality of heating devices (8) optionally heated, not heated or cooled.
EP17703410.5A 2016-02-04 2017-02-03 Device for producing hardened steel components and hardening method Active EP3411163B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102016101975.5A DE102016101975B4 (en) 2016-02-04 2016-02-04 Apparatus for producing hardened steel components and method for hardening
PCT/EP2017/052445 WO2017134259A1 (en) 2016-02-04 2017-02-03 Device for producing hardened steel components and hardening method

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JP7052743B2 (en) * 2019-01-25 2022-04-12 トヨタ自動車株式会社 Steel sheet forming method and punching machine

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WO2017134259A1 (en) 2017-08-10
EP3411163B1 (en) 2019-11-20
DE102016101975A1 (en) 2017-08-24

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