EP3408839A1 - Procédé et dispositif pour examiner des documents de valeur - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour examiner des documents de valeur

Info

Publication number
EP3408839A1
EP3408839A1 EP17709576.7A EP17709576A EP3408839A1 EP 3408839 A1 EP3408839 A1 EP 3408839A1 EP 17709576 A EP17709576 A EP 17709576A EP 3408839 A1 EP3408839 A1 EP 3408839A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
value
echo
ultrasonic
ultrasound
document
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Pending
Application number
EP17709576.7A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jan Domke
Hans-Uwe Moosler
Klaus Thierauf
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH filed Critical Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
Publication of EP3408839A1 publication Critical patent/EP3408839A1/fr
Pending legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/181—Testing mechanical properties or condition, e.g. wear or tear
    • G07D7/183—Detecting folds or doubles
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/4409—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison
    • G01N29/4427—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor by comparison with stored values, e.g. threshold values
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N29/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of ultrasonic, sonic or infrasonic waves; Visualisation of the interior of objects by transmitting ultrasonic or sonic waves through the object
    • G01N29/44—Processing the detected response signal, e.g. electronic circuits specially adapted therefor
    • G01N29/4445—Classification of defects
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G07D7/06—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency using wave or particle radiation
    • G07D7/08—Acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/01—Indexing codes associated with the measuring variable
    • G01N2291/011—Velocity or travel time
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/02—Indexing codes associated with the analysed material
    • G01N2291/023—Solids
    • G01N2291/0237—Thin materials, e.g. paper, membranes, thin films
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2291/00—Indexing codes associated with group G01N29/00
    • G01N2291/26—Scanned objects
    • G01N2291/263—Surfaces
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D2207/00—Paper-money testing devices

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for examining a value document, in particular for the presence of wrinkles, as well as means for carrying out the method.
  • value documents are understood leaf-shaped objects that represent, for example, a monetary value or an authorization and therefore should not be arbitrarily produced by unauthorized persons. They therefore have features which are not easy to manufacture, in particular to be copied, whose presence is an indication of the authenticity, i. the production by an authorized agency.
  • Important examples of such value documents are chip cards, coupons, vouchers, checks and in particular banknotes.
  • the state of value documents should essentially correspond to the fresh-print value documents. In fact, however, the state of value documents deteriorates as they circulate and are used. Depending on the deterioration, value documents can then no longer be processed automatically without further ado. Therefore, value documents are automatically checked for their condition and destroyed depending on the determined condition.
  • wrinkles can be wrinkled during their use, whereby they receive irregularly aligned and / or distributed, often small wrinkles, which are also referred to as creases and impair the condition.
  • wrinkleling is understood to mean the presence of wrinkles, and machining of value documents, such as acceptance or separation or dispensing and / or testing for authenticity, can cause such wrinkles to be troublesome and creases affect the appearance of value documents. Value documents with too much or too much wrinkling should therefore be recognized and taken out of circulation.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object to provide a method for examining a document of value, in which the presence of wrinkles is checked. It is another object of the present invention to provide means for carrying out the method.
  • the object is achieved by a method having the features of claim 1 and in particular a method for examining a value document in which ultrasound pulses are emitted to a plurality of locations on the value document, and respectively by reflecting at least a portion of a respective ultrasound pulse on the value document Echo pulse is generated, the echo pulses are received to form echo values, and the echo values are used to determine a characteristic value for a creasing of the value document.
  • the invented The method according to the invention can be carried out with a device according to the invention.
  • ultrasound is understood as meaning sounds with frequencies in the range between 40 kHz and 3 MHz, preferably between 40 kHz and 800 kHz, particularly preferably 100 kHz and 500 kHz.
  • the ultrasound is emitted in the form of ultrasound pulses. These may preferably have a pulse duration in the range of 5 ⁇ to 50 ⁇ 5.
  • the device has the transmitting device, which has at least one ultrasound transmitting element, for example an ultrasound transducer, which can be designed to deliver the ultrasound pulses at a predetermined ultrasound frequency.
  • at least one ultrasound transmitting element for example an ultrasound transducer, which can be designed to deliver the ultrasound pulses at a predetermined ultrasound frequency.
  • the receiving device For receiving ultrasonic pulses, the receiving device is provided which has at least one ultrasound receiving element, for example an ultrasound transducer, which can be designed to receive ultrasonic pulses with the frequency and duration of the ultrasound pulses emitted by the transmitting device.
  • the receiving device is further configured to form a value upon receipt of a pulse which describes the power or energy or amplitude transmitted by the ultrasound pulse to the ultrasound receiving element or which is a monotonic function of this power, energy or amplitude.
  • a logarithmic amplifier can be used.
  • the document of value is examined spatially resolved with the ultrasound pulses, ie ultrasound pulses are emitted to various locations on the document of value.
  • the document of value for analysis is preferably transported at a predetermined conveying speed in a predetermined conveying direction along a transporting path.
  • the transmitting device and the receiving device can then be designed such that ultrasound pulses are emitted and received in such a way that ultrasound pulses are emitted to locations along a track running parallel to the transporting direction with an ultrasound transmitting element and an ultrasound receiving element and pulses originating from these locations are received.
  • the transmitting device can have a plurality of ultrasound transmitting elements and the receiving device a plurality of ultrasound receiving elements, preferably a number of ultrasound receiving elements corresponding to the number of ultrasound transmitting elements, which are preferably arranged in a cell shape transversely to the transport direction in which the document of value is transported along the transport path.
  • These devices may then be further configured, as described in this paragraph, to receive ultrasonic pulses from the plurality of ultrasonic transmitting elements to locations along the ultrasonic transmitting elements corresponding to tracks and to receive pulses emanating from these locations. In this way, the entire document of value can be examined.
  • the ultrasound pulses are delivered to different locations of the value document, wherein the pulses are emitted in a predetermined direction predetermined in the device by appropriate alignment of the at least one ultrasound transmission element relative to the transport path.
  • transmission through the document of value reflection on the document of value, and reflections on the transmitter and / or receiver.
  • the emitted ultrasound pulse or only a portion of the emitted ultrasound pulse can be received without having been reflected on the document of value, although reflections at the transmitting and / or receiving device are possible.
  • Such pulse components are referred to as direct components in the context of the present invention.
  • the emitted ultrasound pulse can be reflected at least once on the value document until it is received, wherein the pulse may have been transmitted before the reflection from the value document and / or may have been reflected at the transmitting and / or receiving device.
  • Such an ultrasonic pulse or proportion of an ultrasonic pulse is referred to as echo pulse.
  • echo pulses are possible, which have arisen by n-fold reflection on the value document, where n is a natural number greater than 1; these echo pulses are called nte-echo pulses.
  • the echo pulse arises, which initially runs in a direction which depends approximately on the angle of incidence of the ultrasonic pulse to the surface normal to the surface of the document of value at the point of impact. Since the surface of a value document in the area of wrinkles, that is local, one that varies with the location, ie one of The direction of a region without wrinkles deviating, direction also varies the angle of incidence accordingly. This causes the echo pulse to run in a direction of failure that varies according to the angle of incidence. Since the ultrasound receiving element is stationary relative to the ultrasound transmitting element, the entire echo pulse, or only a part of the echo pulse dependent on the outflow direction, hits the ultrasound receiving element, depending on the direction of failure.
  • the pulses ideally strike the ultrasound receiving element such that they strike as large a, preferably the entire surface of the ultrasound receiving element or its transducer, at at least approximately the same angle, preferably at least approximately 90 °, and cancel the echo. Scatter values for different places only unsystematically.
  • the evaluation device can preferably be designed to determine a state of the value document using a predetermined criterion for the characteristic value.
  • the determination of the state may include the assignment of one of at least two different state classes. It can then be a the Class identifying signal are delivered.
  • the characteristic value can be used directly or else the determined state class can be used together with at least one other evaluation result that was determined using another sensor.
  • the signal identifying the class can be used on at least one element of a sorting device for sorting the value documents, for example a diverter, by means of which value documents can be fed to different output devices.
  • ultrasonic transmitting elements and ultrasonic receiving elements are preferably aligned with each other so that they, ie, each one of the ultrasonic transmitting elements and one of the ultrasonic receiving elements, each form an ultrasonic path.
  • This may mean, on the one hand, that the ultrasound transmitting element and the ultrasound receiving element are arranged and aligned with respect to one another in such a way that pulses emitted by the ultrasound transmitting element strike the ultrasound receiving element in a straight path, preferably in such a way that the value formed by the ultrasound receiving element upon reception is as high as possible is great.
  • the ultrasonic path crosses the transport path.
  • ultrasound transmitting element and ultrasound receiving element can be arranged and aligned so that ultrasound pulses emitted by the ultrasound transmitting element do not run onto the ultrasound receiving element until they have been reflected on a flat surface in the transport path, for example a flat surface of a wrinkle-free or flat document of value portion.
  • the ultrasound path is then the distance along which a transmitted ultrasound pulse passes rectilinearly under reflection to the ultrasound receiving element and strikes it, preferably in such a way that the value formed by the ultrasound receiving element upon reception is as large as possible.
  • Knitter of a value document lead in this case Towards the fact that ultrasonic pulses are directed by creases, although possibly only a little, from the ultrasonic path.
  • the evaluation device which can have a controller and / or a processor and / or an FPGA for this purpose is used in the device.
  • Program code can then be stored in a memory of the evaluation device, the code being determined by the processor or controller during its execution.
  • the characteristic value can be stored or output to another device.
  • the characteristic value can be determined in different ways. Surprisingly, it has been found that it may be preferable in the method that, when determining the characteristic value for a distribution of the echo values, a value is determined which is a measure of the position of an asymmetrical distribution. Particularly preferred as a measure of the position of an asymmetric distribution, a p-quantile for a number p with 0.4 ⁇ p ⁇ 0.6, preferably the median can be used.
  • the evaluation device may be designed to determine a value for the distribution of the echo values when determining the characteristic value, which value is a measure of the position of an asymmetrical distribution.
  • the method can be designed to use as a measure of the position of an asymmetrical distribution a p-quantile for a number p of 0.4 ⁇ p ⁇ 0.6, preferably the median.
  • the characteristic value can be a preferably monotonous function of the value or can also be formed by the value itself. This procedure can be carried out quickly and delivers good results.
  • the evaluation device may be designed to determine a value when determining the characteristic value, which value is a measure of an asymmetry of a distribution of the echo values detected for the value document.
  • the characteristic value can be a preferably monotonous function of the value or can also be formed by the value itself.
  • the evaluation device is preferably designed to use as a measure of the asymmetry a difference between the mean value and the median of the echo values or of the distribution.
  • the mean value is preferably understood to mean the arithmetic mean value.
  • the skewness or the third central moment of the distribution of the distribution can be used as a measure of the asymmetry.
  • the evaluation device may be designed to use the skewness of the distribution as a measure of the asymmetry.
  • a linear combination of a value which is a measure of the position of an asymmetrical distribution, for example the value described above, and a value which is a measure of an asymmetry of a distribution of the echo values detected for the value document, for example the aforementioned value are to be determined and preferably used as a characteristic value.
  • the coefficients of the linear combination can preferably be determined by adaptation to training data records for value documents, for example linear regression.
  • the characteristic value can be a preferably monotonous function of the value of the linear combination or can also be formed by the value of the linear combination itself.
  • the transmitting device and the receiving device can be arranged in different ways relative to the transport path.
  • the echo pulses on the same side of the transport path or value document can be received in the transport path on which they were also sent.
  • the transmitting device and the receiving device may be arranged on the same side of the transport path, and an ultrasonic path between the ultrasonic transmitting element and the ultrasound receiving element, along which an ultrasonic pulse emitted by the ultrasonic transmitting element, reflecting on a wrinkle-free document of value in the transport path to the ultrasonic receiving element running, having two against the transport direction inclined portions.
  • Echo pulses are received on eüier the side of the transport path or the value document in the transport path, which is the side of the transport path or the value document in the transport path on which the ultrasonic pulses were delivered, opposite. So the ultrasound pulses can turn on a first page of the value document are delivered and the echo pulses are received on a second, the first opposite side of the value document.
  • the transmitting device and the receiving device are arranged on opposite sides of the transport path, and preferably an ultrasonic path formed by the respective ultrasonic transmitting element and ultrasonic receiving element crosses the transport path and preferably extends at least approximately orthogonal to the transport path.
  • this embodiment allows further use of the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving elements, as described below.
  • the direct components of the ultrasound pulses can also be used in a further development.
  • a direct component of the ultrasound pulses which is received without reflection on the value document to form a direct value, and before or during the determination of the characteristic value, the echo value for a respective echo pulse using the Direct value for the direct portion of the same ultrasonic pulse, by which the echo pulse was formed, are corrected and / or the immediate values can be used to determine another property of the value document.
  • the receiving device can be further configured such that in each case a direct component of the ultrasound pulses which is received without reflection on the value document to form a direct value for the direct component
  • the evaluation device can be further configured before or during the determination of the Characteristic value to correct the echo values for a respective echo pulse using the direct value for the direct component of the same ultrasonic pulse by which the echo pulse was formed, and / or the direct values for determining another eigenvalue. of the value document.
  • the reliability of the characteristic value can be increased, since influences of fluctuations in basis weight, which are not attributable to wrinkles, but represent a feature of the value document, for example watermarks, are at least partially compensated.
  • the device and the method can additionally also be used to determine other value document properties, which may be physical properties of the value document or also transport properties of the value document.
  • the physical properties include, for example, the limpness of value documents.
  • a corresponding method is described in WO 2008/009384 AI of the applicant, the content of which is hereby incorporated by reference into the description.
  • the direct component of a respective ultrasound pulse and the echo pulse of the same ultrasound pulse are preferably received by means of the same ultrasound receiving element.
  • the device is preferably designed such that the same ultrasonic receiving elements receive both direct components and echo pulses.
  • the receiving device can have at least one additional ultrasound receiving element, preferably as many ultrasound receiving elements as ultrasound transmitting elements, which each form an ultrasound path with the ultrasound transmitting elements.
  • the evaluation device can then be connected to these additional ultrasonic receiving elements via signal connections.
  • This embodiment is particularly suitable if the ultrasound pulses are emitted obliquely, ie not orthogonally, onto the document of value, and especially if ultrasound transmitter elements and ultrasound sensors capture elements for the echo pulses are arranged on the same side of the transport path or value document in the transport path.
  • the ultrasonic receiving elements it is also possible to use the already provided ultrasonic receiving elements to receive the direct component.
  • the receiving device is then designed to receive both the direct components and to form direct values as well as to receive the echo pulses and to form echo values.
  • This embodiment is particularly preferred in the case that the ultrasonic transmitting elements of the transmitting device and the ultrasonic receiving elements of the receiving device are arranged on opposite sides of the transport path and the ultrasonic path or ultrasonic distances between them at least approximately orthogonal to the transport path, more precisely the plane of the transport path or a Value document in the transport path, run.
  • the direct component covers a shorter distance from the respective ultrasonic transmitting element to the respective ultrasonic receiving element, it reaches the respective ultrasonic receiving element earlier than the echo pulse, the time difference is on the order of the ultrasonic pulse transit time for the distance between ultrasonic transmitting element and ultrasonic receiving element.
  • the receiving device is then preferably designed to receive an echo pulse, ie to form an echo value, after a predefined time interval after receiving a direct component, ie formation of a direct value.
  • the transmitting device can deliver a signal to the receiving device when emitting an ultrasonic pulse.
  • the receiving device can then be designed to function as a function of this signal, preferably after about the said running time. time, the direct component and later, preferably after about twice the said delay after the signal to receive the echo pulse.
  • the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention can be used in particular in devices for processing value documents.
  • the subject of the present invention is therefore also a device for processing value documents with a supply device for receiving value documents to be processed, an output device for outputting or receiving the processed value documents, a transport device for transporting the value documents from the device along a transport path to the output device and at least one device according to the invention arranged in the region of a section of the transport path for examining the value documents which are transported along the transport path.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of a value document processing device
  • FIG. 2 shows a schematic illustration of an example of an examination device of the value-document processing device in FIG. 1, in a view along a transport direction of value documents
  • FIG. Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of ultrasonic transmitting elements of
  • FIG. 4 shows a schematic partial representation of a section of a value document with locations or scanning areas which are sonicated by the ultrasonic transmitting elements of a transmitting device in FIG. 2, FIG.
  • FIGS. 6A and 6B show schematic histograms for a distribution of the echo. Values for a smooth value document and a wrinkled value document,
  • FIG. 7 is a simplified flowchart for an example of a method for examining the creases of a value document by means of the examination device in FIG. 2, FIG.
  • FIG. 2 a simplified sequence diagram for a third example of a method for examining the creases of a value document by means of the examination device in FIG. 2
  • 10 is a simplified flowchart for a further example of a method for examining the creases of a value document by means of the examination device in FIG. 2
  • FIG. 11 shows a schematic illustration of a further example of an examination device in a direction transverse to a transport path for value documents.
  • an apparatus for processing value documents 12 in the form of banknotes is designed for sorting value documents as a function of the condition determined by the value-document processing device 10 and the authenticity of processed value documents checked by the value-document processing device.
  • It has a feeder 14 for feeding value documents, an output device 16 for receiving processed, d. H. sorted value documents, and a transport device 18 for transporting isolated value documents from the feed device 14 to the output device 16.
  • the feed device 14 comprises an input compartment 20 for a value document stack and a separator 22 for singling value documents from the value document stack in the input compartment 20 and providing them or for feeding them to the transport device 18.
  • the output device 16 comprises three output sections 24, 25 and 26, into which processed value documents can be sorted according to the result of the processing, in the example test.
  • each of the sections comprises a stacking tray and a stacking wheel, not shown, by means of which added value documents can be stored in the stacking tray.
  • the transport device 18 has at least two, in the example three branches 28, 29 and 30, at the ends of each of the output sections 24 and 25 and 26 is arranged, and at the branches via controllable by control signals switches 32 and 34, by means of which Value documents in response to control signals to the branches 28 to 30 and thus the output sections 24 to 26 can be fed.
  • a sensor device 38 is arranged on a transport path 36 defined by the transport device 18 between the supply device 14, in the example more precisely the separator 22, and the first switch 32 after the singler 22 in the transport direction T, which measures physical properties of the documents of value during the transport of value documents and the measurement results reproducing sensor signals representing sensor data.
  • the sensor device 38 has three sensors, namely an optical reflectance sensor 40, which captures a remission color image of the document of value, an optical transmission sensor 42, which captures a transmission image of the document of value, and a device 44 for the examination of value documents, the spatially resolved properties of the document of value recorded or measured with ultrasound.
  • a machine control and evaluation device 46 is connected via signal connections to the sensor device 38 and the transport device 18, in particular particular the switches 32 and 34, connected.
  • it classifies a value document as a function of the signals of the sensor device 38 for the value document into one of predetermined sorting classes.
  • These sorting classes can be predefined, for example, as a function of a state value determined by means of the sensor data and also of an authenticity value determined by means of the sensor data.
  • the values "executable” or “unfit for circulation” can be used as state values
  • the values "counterfeited", “suspected of forgery” or “genuine” can be used as authenticity values.
  • the transport device 18 controls the transport device 18, in this case more precisely the points 32 and 34, by issuing control signals so that the value document is output in an output section of the output device 16 assigned to the class in accordance with its sort class determined during the classification.
  • the assignment to one of the prescribed sorting classes or the classification takes place as a function of criteria which are predetermined for the assessment of the condition and the assessment of the authenticity, which depend on at least part of the sensor data.
  • the machine control and evaluation device 46 has, in addition to corresponding interfaces for the sensor device 38 or its sensors and the device 44, a processor 48 and a memory 50 connected to the processor 48 in which at least one computer program with program code is stored Execution of the processor 48 controls the device or the sensor signals of the sensor device 38, in particular for determining a sorting class of a processed value document, evaluates and according to the evaluation, the transport device 18 controls.
  • the machine control and evaluation device 46 determines from the sensor signals of the sensor device 38 in a sensor signal evaluation at least one document value property that is relevant for checking the banknotes with respect to their authenticity and / or status. Preferably, several of these properties are determined.
  • visual value document properties a transmission image and a remission image and the properties of echo pulses are determined as a function of the location on the value document and from this a characteristic value for the creases.
  • the machine control and evaluation device 46 determines sorting signals for the various sensors which represent whether or not the ascertained value document properties represent an indication of the state or the authenticity of the value document. As a result of these signals, corresponding data in the machine control and evaluation device 46, for example the memory 50, can be stored for later use. Depending on the sorting signals, the machine control and evaluation device 46 then determines an overall result for the test in accordance with a predefined overall criterion and forms the sorting or control signal for the transport device 18 as a function of the result.
  • For processing documents of value 12 are separated into the input tray 20 as a stack or individually inserted value documents 12 of the verzeier 22 and occasionally fed to the transport device 18, which transports the isolated value documents 12 to the sensor device 38.
  • the machine control and evaluation device 46 sums the sensor signals, determines in dependence on these a sorting class, in the example a combination of an authenticity class and a state class, of the respective value document and, depending on the result, controls the points so that the value documents correspond to the determined sorting class in one of the respective sort class associated output section is transported.
  • the device 44 serves to examine a value document, which in the example is constructed as follows (compare FIGS. 2 and 3).
  • the device 44 for examining a value document 12 transported along the transport path 36 has a transmitting device 60 for delivering ultrasound pulses to various locations on a value document in the transport path 36 and a receiving device 62 for receiving echo pulses from the ultrasound pulses emitted by the transmitting device 60 Reflection on the value document in the transport path 36 have arisen, and formation of echo values as well as an evaluation device 64 connected via signal connections to the transmitting device 60 and receiving device 62, which receives the echo values of the receiving device 62 and evaluates them under execution of the evaluation steps described below ,
  • the transmitting device 60 is arranged on the one, in the example upper side of the transport path 36, and has in a holder 66 a plurality of transversely to a transport direction T of the documents of value 12 arranged ultrasonic transmitting elements 54, in the example ultrasonic transducer 54, for delivering ultrasound pulses to the value document 12th
  • the receiving device 62 is arranged on the one side opposite side of the transport path 36. It is analogous to the transmitting device 60 and also has in a holder 68 ultrasonic receiving elements serving ultrasonic transducer 56.
  • the holders 66 and 68 are not only for receiving and aligning the ultrasonic transducers 54 and 56; their surfaces also form a channel for ultrasound through which the transport path 36 leads.
  • Each of the ultrasound transmitting elements 54 is assigned one of the ultrasound receiving elements 56 such that an ultrasound path 58 extending at least approximately orthogonally to a value document 12 transported along the transport path 36 is provided therebetween, along which an ultrasound pulse emitted by the respective ultrasound transmitting element 54 reaches the ultrasound receiving element associated therewith 56 is running.
  • an ultrasound path 58 extending at least approximately orthogonally to a value document 12 transported along the transport path 36 is provided therebetween, along which an ultrasound pulse emitted by the respective ultrasound transmitting element 54 reaches the ultrasound receiving element associated therewith 56 is running.
  • the ultrasound transducers 54 and 56 are designed such that they are capable of emitting or receiving ultrasound pulses having a duration in the range of about 20 ⁇ in the example and an ultrasound frequency, ie a frequency maximum of the spectrum of the ultrasonic pulse, of about 400 kHz in the example are well suited. Furthermore, they are dimensioned such that in each case a value document 12 transported along a transport path 36 has a diameter of approximately 2 mm when irradiated with the ultrasonic pulses, ie scanning region. Each of the scanning areas is assigned the location of the center of the scanning area.
  • the ultrasound transmitting elements 54 and the respective ultrasound receiving elements 56 assigned to them are arranged in a line extending transversely to the transport direction.
  • the ultrasonic transducers of a respective row are arranged at equal distances from one another and are operated simultaneously.
  • FIG. 5A schematically shows the processes for a flat section of the value document without creases
  • FIG. 5B for a section of the document of value which is inclined to approximately one wrinkle fold 69.
  • a transmission component or direct component 70 of the pulse which is shown in dashed lines in FIGS. 5A and 5B transmitted through the value document 12 and passes without further reflection on the document of value, ie directly, along the ultrasonic path 58 to the ultrasonic receiving element 56 at the other end of the ultrasonic path. Since the ultrasonic transmitting element and the ultrasonic receiving element face each other, the direct component 70 of the Ultrasonic pulse fully meet the ultrasonic receiving element 56, which forms a signal upon receipt of the transmission component, which represents a corresponding transmission value or direct value.
  • Two further components 72 and 74 are formed by reflection of the ultrasound pulse on the document of value 12 or of the surface 76 of the document of value 12 facing the ultrasound transmitter element 54 or by reflection of the transmissive component 70 or direct component of the ultrasound pulse on the ultrasound receiver element 56 and thereafter on the ultrasonic receiving element facing surface 76 'of the document of value 12th
  • the echo pulse 72 after reflection at the ultrasonic transmitting element 54 or the boundary surface of the holder 66 in the area of the ultrasonic transmitting element 54, returns to the value document 12, which transmits it.
  • the transmitted echo pulse 72 may then be received by the ultrasound receiving element 56 to form an echo value.
  • the two portions 72 and 74 arrive about simultaneously, but at a transit time from the transmission or transmission time
  • Direct component delays to the ultrasound catching element 56, which corresponds to the extended path, here the distance between value document and ultrasound transmission element or value document and ultrasound reception element.
  • both components come from the substantially same direction as the transmission or direct component coming to the ultrasonic receiving element 56, so that this forms an echo value, which depends solely on the amplitude of the echo portion.
  • the surface of the value document 12 does not run at a right angle to the connecting line between the ultrasonic transmitting and receiving element or the ultrasound path 58 in the case of a crease 69, but is at 90 ° to this inclined at a different angle.
  • the echo components 72 and 74 propagate on paths which are inclined relative to the ultrasound path 58. This has the consequence that the echo components 72 and 74 meet only a part of the ultrasonic receiving element 56 which is smaller than in the case of orthogonal impingement, so that it forms a correspondingly smaller echo value.
  • the echo components 72 and 74 also arrive here delayed by one of the additional running distance corresponding delay to the ultrasonic receiving element.
  • FIG. 6A shows a roughly schematic representation in a histogram representation of such a distribution for a slightly wrinkled value document
  • FIG. 6B for a heavily wrinkled value document.
  • the echo value is plotted in arbitrary units, on the ordinate the frequency is also given in arbitrary units.
  • the transmitting device is designed so that the ultrasonic transmitting elements 54 or ultrasonic transducers are operated synchronously pulsed. In this exemplary embodiment, the activation takes place independently of the entry of a value document 12 into the detection range of the device 44.
  • the receiving device is designed to receive ultrasonic pulses as follows.
  • the ultrasound receiving elements 56 each receive ultrasound and form sensor signals which measure the intensity or power of individual ultrasound pulse components which have hit the ultrasound transducer as a function of time and thus also because of the constant transport speed
  • the receiving device 62 forms from the sensor signals values which, assuming a basically constant transmission power of the ultrasonic transmitting elements 54, simply represent the received ultrasonic pulse energies. In other embodiments, however, it is also possible to divide the received ultrasonic pulse energies by a predetermined or measured ultrasonic pulse energy transmitted pulses and thus to obtain normalized values.
  • a document of value 12 is transported through the ultrasound paths 58 at a constant, suitably predetermined speed, corresponding direct values are detected during transport at predetermined first times, in each case after delivery of the ultrasound pulses.
  • the predetermined first times or intervals correspond approximately to the transit time of the ultrasound pulses from the ultrasound transmitting elements to the ultrasound receiving elements or along the respective ultrasound path.
  • the receiving device 62 receives echo pulses. More precisely, the receiving device 62 is designed to detect echo values for received echo pulses at predetermined second times. The predetermined second times or time intervals correspond approximately to twice the transit time of the ultrasound pulses from the ultrasound transmitting elements to the ultrasound receiving elements or along the respective ultrasound path. In order to detect the time of delivery of an ultrasound pulse for a location, the transmitting device 60 may be configured to send a signal to the receiving device 62, which uses it to determine the receiving time. The alternating operation results in a regular arrangement of scanning areas or locations on the value document 12, in the example an arrangement on a rectangular grid.
  • the transmitting device 60 has 24 ultrasonic transmitting elements, and the receiving device has an equal number of ultrasonic receiving elements.
  • the device 44 therefore has in this embodiment more than twenty-four ultrasonic transmitting element / ultrasonic receiving pairs or ultrasonic paths 58 ordered that the corresponding locations have a distance between 3 and 4 mm.
  • the frequency at which the ultrasound pulses are emitted one after the other and the transport speed of the value document are selected such that along the transport direction of the value document, echo values for locations spaced 3 mm, preferably 2 mm, along the transport direction or fifty or more echo values. Values are recorded.
  • the evaluation device 64 has for evaluating the echo values and the direct values for a value document via a memory in which the echo values and the direct values are stored and stored in the program code of a computer program, and a processor for executing the computer program. When the computer program is executed by the processor, the evaluation steps S12 to S16 of the following method are carried out.
  • step S10 echo values and immediate values for a value document are detected.
  • the transmitting device 60 transmits ultrasound pulses to the document of value 12 at constant time intervals by means of the ultrasonic transmitting elements, which is transported past the transmitting device 60 at a predetermined, constant transport speed along the transport path.
  • the receiving device 62 receives direct components and echo pulses, which originate from ultrasound pulses delivered to the document of value are and forms corresponding direct and echo values, which are stored in the evaluation device 64.
  • the evaluation device 64 determines in step S12 from the received echo values for the value document a characteristic value for the Vorgengen wrinkles or the Knittrmaschine the value document.
  • a value for the distribution of the echo values for the respective value document which is a measure of the position of an asymmetrical distribution, in this example the 0.5 quantile or the median of the distribution.
  • a 0.4 or 0.6 quantile could also be used.
  • This value is used as the characteristic value and saved.
  • step S14 the characteristic value is compared with a threshold value characteristic of value documents of the type that the value document under test has and a predetermined creasesiness.
  • the value document is assigned one of the classes "little or not wrinkled” or “too wrinkled” and a signal is formed which indicates whether the document of value is too creased or has too many or pronounced wrinkles has been.
  • the characteristic value here the median, is smaller than the limit value.
  • a second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that steps S12 and S14 are replaced by steps S12 'and S14', respectively. Otherwise, the method does not differ from the first embodiment.
  • Step S12 'differs from step S12 only in that when determining the characteristic value, a value is now determined which is a measure of an asymmetry of the distribution of the echo values detected for the value document.
  • the difference between the median of the echo values and the arithmetic mean of the echo values is used. This difference is stored as a characteristic for Knittrmaschine.
  • a third embodiment differs from the second embodiment only in that step S12 1 is replaced by step S12 "and step S14 'by step S14".
  • step S12 " the skewness of the distribution, which here also forms the characteristic value, is used to determine the characteristic value as a measure of the asymmetry of the distribution.
  • the step S14 "which replaces the step S14 1 differs therefrom only in that the limit value is set differently.
  • a further embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the receiving device is designed such that for each location on the value document the immediate value and the echo value for each location are stored in association with one another and insofar Step S10 is replaced by the otherwise unchanged step S10 "'.
  • Next S12 is "1 replacing step includes the step S12 1, and differs from DIE sem alone is that the echo value for a respective location using the direct-value is corrected for the respective site. More specifically, median and mean instead of the Echo values for the locations for the ratios formed from echo values and direct values for the respective locations.
  • a value for the limpness of the value document is determined from the direct values.
  • the skewness of the distribution is formed for the ratios of echo values and direct values.
  • the signals of the ultrasonic receiving elements or converter are logarithmically amplified and formed from these amplified signals, the direct or echo values.
  • the correction of the echo values can then take place by subtraction. Otherwise, the exemplary embodiments are unchanged, if appropriate to the size of the limit values.
  • FIG. 11 differs from the first three exemplary embodiments in that the examination device 44 'is now designed so that the ultrasound path 58' from the transmitting device 60 'to the value document 12 and further to the receiving device 62' to the transport direction T has inclined sections and the transmitting and receiving means 60 'and 62' are arranged on the same side of the transport path, so that echo pulse reach the receiving device without further reflection at the transmitting or receiving device.
  • the transmitting device 60 'and the receiving device 62' are designed analogously to the transmitting device 60 or receiving device 62, but no direct values are received.
  • the methods are the same as in the first three embodiments, but with no Direct values are formed and used. Accordingly, the evaluation device 64 'relative to the evaluation device 64 is changed.
  • each of the step S12, S12 ', S12 "or S12'" is replaced by a step S12 (4) .
  • this step first of all, the values W and W corresponding to steps S12 and S12 'are determined, which are used as characteristic values in these steps.
  • the characteristic value W (4) then uses a linear combination of these values:
  • VyW a ⁇ W + ⁇ - W '+ ⁇ .
  • the coefficients .beta., .Beta. And .gamma. are determined by linear regression from the measured values for training value documents for which a crease value exists, or have been determined in the example.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
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  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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  • Length Measuring Devices Characterised By Use Of Acoustic Means (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Controlling Sheets Or Webs (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé pour examiner un document de valeur, selon lequel des impulsions ultrasonores sont émises en plusieurs endroits sur le document de valeur, et une impulsion écho est générée par réflexion d'au moins une partie d'une impulsion ultrasonore respective sur le document de valeur, les impulsions écho sont reçues, produisant ainsi des valeurs d'écho, et une valeur caractéristique relative à un froissement du document de valeur est déterminée au moins à partir de ces valeurs d'écho. L'invention concerne par ailleurs un dispositif pour la mise en œuvre dudit procédé.
EP17709576.7A 2016-01-27 2017-01-25 Procédé et dispositif pour examiner des documents de valeur Pending EP3408839A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102016000837.7A DE102016000837A1 (de) 2016-01-27 2016-01-27 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Untersuchung von Wertdokumenten
PCT/EP2017/000088 WO2017129364A1 (fr) 2016-01-27 2017-01-25 Procédé et dispositif pour examiner des documents de valeur

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EP (1) EP3408839A1 (fr)
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DE10029442A1 (de) * 2000-06-21 2002-01-03 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Verfahren zur Bestimmung von Strukturinhomogenitäten in Blattgut
EP1878724A1 (fr) 2006-07-15 2008-01-16 sanofi-aventis Synthèse régiosélective des benzimidazoles et azabenzimidazoles catalysée par le palladium
DE102006033001A1 (de) 2006-07-17 2008-01-24 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Verfahren zur Beurteilung eines Zustands eines Wertdokuments im Hinblick auf Lappigkeit und Mittel zur Durchführung des Verfahrens
KR101349373B1 (ko) 2007-07-31 2014-01-10 삼성전자주식회사 반도체 소자 및 그 제조 방법
DE102011121913A1 (de) 2011-12-21 2013-06-27 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Prüfen eines Wertdokumentes
DE102013015224A1 (de) * 2013-09-13 2015-03-19 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Prüfen von Wertdokumenten auf Irregularitäten
DE102014002273A1 (de) 2014-02-19 2015-08-20 Giesecke & Devrient Gmbh Verfahren zum Untersuchen eines Wertdokuments und Mittel zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

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US10950080B2 (en) 2021-03-16
AU2017211089A1 (en) 2018-08-09
DE102016000837A1 (de) 2017-07-27
US20190035195A1 (en) 2019-01-31
WO2017129364A1 (fr) 2017-08-03

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