EP3405447A1 - Fibre inorganique - Google Patents
Fibre inorganiqueInfo
- Publication number
- EP3405447A1 EP3405447A1 EP17741894.4A EP17741894A EP3405447A1 EP 3405447 A1 EP3405447 A1 EP 3405447A1 EP 17741894 A EP17741894 A EP 17741894A EP 3405447 A1 EP3405447 A1 EP 3405447A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- weight percent
- inorganic fiber
- calcia
- magnesia
- silica
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
- 239000012784 inorganic fiber Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 256
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium oxide Chemical compound [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 399
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 388
- 229910001947 lithium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 220
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 201
- ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium oxide Chemical compound [Ca]=O ODINCKMPIJJUCX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 200
- 239000000292 calcium oxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 200
- 235000012255 calcium oxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 200
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 194
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- 229910000272 alkali metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- -1 lithium oxide Chemical compound 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 103
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium oxide Chemical compound [Li+].[Li+].[O-2] FUJCRWPEOMXPAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 191
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 abstract description 30
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 abstract description 26
- 230000002195 synergetic effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 11
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 235000012245 magnesium oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 182
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 30
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 29
- MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Zr]=O MCMNRKCIXSYSNV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 16
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 16
- BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N calcium oxide Chemical compound [O-2].[Ca+2] BRPQOXSCLDDYGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 14
- 210000004072 lung Anatomy 0.000 description 13
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 13
- 229960002366 magnesium silicate Drugs 0.000 description 13
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- 229910000287 alkaline earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 10
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000004034 viscosity adjusting agent Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 6
- KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical class O=[Si]=O.O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O KZHJGOXRZJKJNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000009987 spinning Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000011885 synergistic combination Substances 0.000 description 5
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron oxide Chemical compound [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 3
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000004611 spectroscopical analysis Methods 0.000 description 3
- DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycine Chemical compound NCC(O)=O DHMQDGOQFOQNFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000003929 acidic solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008367 deionised water Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910021641 deionized water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000000338 in vitro Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009616 inductively coupled plasma Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001095 magnesium carbonate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000014380 magnesium carbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L magnesium carbonate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-]C([O-])=O ZLNQQNXFFQJAID-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910000021 magnesium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Chemical compound O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[Cl-].[Ca+2] UXVMQQNJUSDDNG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000004471 Glycine Substances 0.000 description 1
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000283984 Rodentia Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910000323 aluminium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001110 calcium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001628 calcium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000000711 cancerogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000315 carcinogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dioxosilane;oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Si]=O.O=[Al]O[Al]=O HNPSIPDUKPIQMN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052634 enstatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001747 exhibiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009950 felting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052839 forsterite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000156 glass melt Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000037 inhalation toxicity test Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- BBCCCLINBSELLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;dihydroxy(oxo)silane Chemical compound [Mg+2].O[Si](O)=O BBCCCLINBSELLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000011326 mechanical measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012768 molten material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002035 prolonged effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011214 refractory ceramic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012890 simulated body fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000162 sodium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000454 talc Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052623 talc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052845 zircon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N zirconium(iv) silicate Chemical compound [Zr+4].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] GFQYVLUOOAAOGM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/62227—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products obtaining fibres
- C04B35/62231—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products obtaining fibres based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/6224—Fibres based on silica
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C13/00—Fibre or filament compositions
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
- C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
- C03C3/087—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B35/00—Shaped ceramic products characterised by their composition; Ceramics compositions; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/622—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products
- C04B35/62227—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products obtaining fibres
- C04B35/62231—Forming processes; Processing powders of inorganic compounds preparatory to the manufacturing of ceramic products obtaining fibres based on oxide ceramics
- C04B35/6224—Fibres based on silica
- C04B35/62245—Fibres based on silica rich in aluminium oxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3201—Alkali metal oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3203—Lithium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3206—Magnesium oxides or oxide-forming salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3205—Alkaline earth oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. beryllium oxide
- C04B2235/3208—Calcium oxide or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. lime
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/3217—Aluminum oxide or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. bauxite, alpha-alumina
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/30—Constituents and secondary phases not being of a fibrous nature
- C04B2235/32—Metal oxides, mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof, e.g. carbonates, nitrates, (oxy)hydroxides, chlorides
- C04B2235/327—Iron group oxides, their mixed metal oxides, or oxide-forming salts thereof
- C04B2235/3272—Iron oxides or oxide forming salts thereof, e.g. hematite, magnetite
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/02—Composition of constituents of the starting material or of secondary phases of the final product
- C04B2235/50—Constituents or additives of the starting mixture chosen for their shape or used because of their shape or their physical appearance
- C04B2235/52—Constituents or additives characterised by their shapes
- C04B2235/5208—Fibers
- C04B2235/5264—Fibers characterised by the diameter of the fibers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/72—Products characterised by the absence or the low content of specific components, e.g. alkali metal free alumina ceramics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2235/00—Aspects relating to ceramic starting mixtures or sintered ceramic products
- C04B2235/70—Aspects relating to sintered or melt-casted ceramic products
- C04B2235/96—Properties of ceramic products, e.g. mechanical properties such as strength, toughness, wear resistance
Definitions
- a high temperature resistant inorganic fiber that is useful as thermal, electrical, or acoustical insulating material, and which has a continuous use temperature of 1260°C and greater is provided.
- the high temperature resistant inorganic fiber is easily manufacturable, exhibits low shrinkage after exposure to use temperatures, retains good mechanical strength after continued exposure to use temperatures, and exhibits low biopersistence in physiological fluids.
- BACKGROUND Refractory ceramic fibers such as those based on alumino-silicate chemistry, have been sold extensively for thermal and electrical insulation applications since their development in the 1950s.
- the low biopersistence fibers In addition to temperature resistance as expressed by shrinkage characteristics that are important in fibers that are used in insulation, it is also required that the low biopersistence fibers have mechanical property characteristics during and following exposure to the expected use or service temperature, that will permit the fiber to maintain its structural integrity and insulating characteristics in use.
- One characteristic of the mechanical integrity of a fiber is its after service friability. The more friable a fiber, that is, the more easily it is crushed or crumbled to a powder, the less mechanical integrity it possesses. In general, inorganic fibers that exhibit both high temperature resistance and low biopersistence in physiological fluids also exhibit a high degree of after service friability. This results in a brittle fiber lacking the strength or mechanical integrity after exposure to the service temperature to be able to provide the necessary structure to accomplish its insulating purpose. Other measures of mechanical integrity of fibers include compression strength and compression recovery.
- an improved inorganic fiber composition having an improved viscosity so as to be readily manufacturable from a fiberizable melt of desired ingredients, which exhibits low biopersistence in physiological fluids, low shrinkage during and after exposure to service temperatures of 1260°C and greater and, which exhibits low brittleness after exposure to the expected use temperatures, and which maintains mechanical integrity after exposure to use temperatures of 1260°C and greater.
- a high temperature resistant low-biopersistent inorganic fiber exhibiting improved thermal stability when the inorganic fiber is exposed to elevated temperatures of 1260°C, 1400°C or greater. It has been found that the intentional inclusion of synergistic amounts of at least one alkali metal oxide and at least one alkaline earth metal oxide different from magnesium oxide in a magnesium-silicate inorganic fiber reduces linear shrinkage of the fiber and enhances mechanical strength of the fiber beyond that of alkaline earth silicate fibers without the inclusion of the synergistic combination of the alkali metal oxide and alkaline earth metal oxide.
- the at least one alkaline earth metal oxide different from magnesium oxide in a magnesium- silicate inorganic is referred to in this disclosure as an "additional alkaline earth metal oxide".
- the intentional synergistic amounts also result in an improved viscosity of the raw material melt so as to provide easier manufacturability and better fiber quality.
- the high temperature resistant low- biopersistent inorganic fiber comprises a magnesium-silicate fiber having an intentional inclusion of synergistic amounts of one alkali metal oxide and one additional alkaline earth metal oxide. According to other illustrative embodiments, the high temperature resistant low-biopersistent inorganic fiber comprises a magnesium-silicate fiber having an intentional inclusion of synergistic amounts of lithium oxide and calcia.
- the inorganic fiber exhibits low biopersistence in physiological solutions, reduced linear shrinkage, improved mechanical strength and compression recovery after exposure to expected use temperatures.
- FIG. 1 is a temperature-viscosity curve comparing the viscosity of fiber melts used to prepare low biopersistent magnesium-silicate fibers commercially available under the registered trademark ISOFRAX, and certain illustrative embodiments of the presently disclosed inorganic fiber.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of silica, magnesia, calcia and lithium oxide. According to certain embodiments, the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of silica, magnesia, calcia, lithium oxide, and a further viscosity modifier.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of silica, magnesia, lithium oxide, calcia and alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of silica, magnesia, lithium oxide, calcia and boria.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of silica, magnesia, lithium oxide, calcia and a mixture of alumina and boria.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of silica, magnesia, zirconia, lithium oxide, calcia and a further viscosity modifier.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of silica, magnesia, zirconia, lithium oxide, calcia and alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of silica, magnesia, zirconia, lithium oxide, calcia and boria.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of silica, magnesia, zirconia, lithium oxide, calcia and a mixture of alumina and boria.
- the term “substantially” refers to a degree of deviation that is sufficiently small so as to not measurably detract from the identified property or circumstance. The exact degree of deviation allowable may in some cases depend on the specific context.
- the phrase “substantially free” means that the composition excludes any amount more than trace impurities that are not intentionally added to the fiber melt, but which may be present in the raw starting materials from which the fibers are produced.
- compositional weight percentages disclosed herein are based on the total weight of the fiber. It will be understood to one of ordinary skill in the art that the total weight percent of the fiber cannot exceed 100%. For example, a person of ordinary skill in the art would easily recognize and understand that a fiber composition comprising 65 to 86 weight percent silica, 14 to 35 weight percent magnesia, 0.1 to 5 weight percent calcia, and 0.1 to 2 weight percent lithium oxide will not exceed 100%. A person of ordinary skill in the art would understand that the amount of silica and magnesia will be adjusted to include the desired amount of silica, magnesia, calcia and lithium oxide without exceeding 100% by weight of the fiber.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, calcia, and lithium oxide. According to certain illustrative embodiments, the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent calcia, and lithium oxide.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent calcia, and greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent lithium oxide.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 15 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent lithium oxide.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 15 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent lithium oxide.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 15 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent lithium oxide.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 15 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent lithium oxide.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 10 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide. According to certain illustrative embodiments, the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 5 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 15 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent lithium oxide.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 15 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent lithium oxide.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 10 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide. According to certain illustrative embodiments, the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 5 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent calcia, lithium oxide and boria.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 10 weight percent calcia, about 0.1 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent boria.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 10 weight percent calcia, lithium oxide and a combination of alumina and boria.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 10 weight percent calcia, about 0.1 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent boria.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 35 weight percent calcia, and greater than 0 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 35 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 1.5 weight percent lithium oxide.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 35 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 35 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 0.75 weight percent lithium oxide. According to certain illustrative embodiments, the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 35 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 0.5 weight percent lithium oxide.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 35 weight percent calcia, greater than 0 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide and alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 35 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide and alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 35 weight percent calcia, greater than 0 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide and boria.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 35 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide and boria.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent calcia, greater than 0 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide and a combination of alumina and boria.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 35 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide and a combination of alumina and boria.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent calcia, greater than 0 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent calcia, about 0.1 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent calcia, about 0.5 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent calcia, about 1 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent calcia, about 1.5 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 15 weight percent calcia, greater than 0 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 1.5 weight percent lithium oxide.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 0.75 weight percent lithium oxide.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 10 weight percent calcia, and about 0.1 to about 0.5 weight percent lithium oxide.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 15 weight percent calcia, about 0.1 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 15 weight percent calcia, about 0.1 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 15 weight percent calcia, about 0.1 to about 1.5 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 15 weight percent calcia, about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 15 weight percent calcia, about 0.1 to about 0.8 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 15 weight percent calcia, about 0.1 to about 0.5 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 15 weight percent calcia, about 0.5 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 15 weight percent calcia, about 0.5 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 15 weight percent calcia, about 0.5 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 15 weight percent calcia, about 0.5 to about 3 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 15 weight percent calcia, about 0.5 to about 2.5 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 15 weight percent calcia, about 0.5 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 15 weight percent calcia, about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 15 weight percent calcia, about 0.5 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 15 weight percent calcia, about 1 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 15 weight percent calcia, about 1.5 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 15 weight percent calcia, about 1 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 6 weight percent calcia, greater than 0 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 6 weight percent calcia, greater than 0 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 6 weight percent calcia, greater than 0 to about 0.5 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 6 weight percent calcia, about 0.1 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 6 weight percent calcia, about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 6 weight percent calcia, about 0.1 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 6 weight percent calcia, about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 3 weight percent calcia, greater than 0 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 3 weight percent calcia, greater than 0 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 3 weight percent calcia, greater than 0 to about 0.5 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, about 0.1 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, about 0.1 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 3 weight percent calcia, greater than 0 to about 0.5 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 to about 3 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 3 weight percent calcia greater than 0 to about 0.25 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 to about 3 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 3 weight percent calcia, greater than 0 to about 0.1 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 to about 3 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 3 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, about 0.1 to about 0.8 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 3 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, about 0.1 to about 0.5 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 3 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 22 weight percent magnesia, greater than about 3 weight percent calcia, greater than 0 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 to about 3 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, greater than 5 to about 22 weight percent magnesia, greater than about 3 weight percent calcia, about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 3 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 22 weight percent magnesia, greater than about 4 weight percent calcia, greater than 0 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 to about 3 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, greater than 5 to about 22 weight percent magnesia, greater than about 4 weight percent calcia, about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 3 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 22 weight percent magnesia, greater than about 5 weight percent calcia, greater than 0 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 to about 3 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, greater than 5 to about 22 weight percent magnesia, greater than about 5 weight percent calcia, about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 3 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 22 weight percent magnesia, greater than about 6 weight percent calcia, greater than 0 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 to about 3 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, greater than 5 to about 22 weight percent magnesia, greater than about 6 weight percent calcia, about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, and about 0.1 to about 3 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, lithium oxide and calcia.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide and about 15 to about 30 weight percent calcia. According to certain illustrative embodiments, the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide and about 15 to about 30 weight percent calcia.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide and about 15 to about 30 weight percent calcia.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide and about 15 to about 30 weight percent calcia.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 0.75 weight percent lithium oxide and about 15 to about 30 weight percent calcia.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 0.75 weight percent lithium oxide and about 15 to about 30 weight percent calcia.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, about 15 to about 30 weight percent calcium oxide, and lithium oxide wherein the amount of lithium oxide may be selected from greater than 0 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, greater than 0 to about 0.9 weight percent lithium oxide, greater than 0 to about 0.8 weight percent lithium oxide, greater than 0 to about 0.7 weight percent lithium oxide, greater than 0 to about 0.6 weight percent lithium oxide, greater than 0 to about 0.5 weight percent lithium oxide, greater than 0 to about 0.4 weight percent lithium oxide, greater than 0 to about 0.3 weight percent lithium oxide, or greater than 0 to about 0.25 weight percent lithium oxide, greater than 0 to about 0.2 weight percent lithium oxide, greater than 0 to about 0.175 weight percent lithium oxide, greater than 0 to about 0.15 weight percent lithium oxide, greater than 0 to about 0.125 weight percent lithium oxide, greater than 0 to about 0.1 weight percent lithium oxide, greater than
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, about 15 to about 30 weight percent calcia and greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, about 15 to about 30 weight percent calcia and greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, about 15 to about 30 weight percent calcia and greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, about 15 to about 30 weight percent calcia and greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent boria.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, about 15 to about 30 weight percent calcia and greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent of a combination of alumina and boria.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, about 15 to about 30 weight percent calcia and greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, about 15 to about 30 weight percent calcia and greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent boria.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, about 15 to about 30 weight percent calcia and greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent of a combination of alumina and boria.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 0.5 weight percent lithium oxide, about
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, about 0.5 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, about 15 to about 30 weight percent calcium oxide and about 0.1 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 0.5 weight percent lithium oxide, about 15 to about 30 weight percent calcia and greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent boria.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 70 to about 80 weight percent silica, about 15 to about 30 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 0.5 weight percent lithium oxide, about 15 to about 30 weight percent calcium oxide and greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent of a combination of alumina and boria.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 79 weight percent silica, about 20 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 0.4 weight percent lithium oxide, greater than 0 to about 6 weight percent calcia and greater than 0 to about 1.5 weight percent of alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 76 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 19 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, greater than 1 to about 6 weight percent calcia and about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent of alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 76 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 19 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 0.75 weight percent lithium oxide, greater than 1 to about 6 weight percent calcia and about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent of alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 76 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 19 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 0.5 weight percent lithium oxide, greater than 1 to about 6 weight percent calcia and about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent of alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 76 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 19 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, greater than 1 to about 5 weight percent calcia and about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent of alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 76 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 19 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, greater than 1 to about 4 weight percent calcia and about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent of alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 76 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 19 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, greater than 1 to about 3 weight percent calcia and about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent of alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 76 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 19 weight percent magnesia, about 0.1 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, greater than 1 to about 2 weight percent calcia and about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent of alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 76 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 19 weight percent magnesia, about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent lithium oxide, greater than 1 to about 6 weight percent calcia and about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent of alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 76 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 19 weight percent magnesia, about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent lithium oxide, greater than 1 to about 5 weight percent calcia and about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent of alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 76 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 19 weight percent magnesia, about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent lithium oxide, greater than 1 to about 4 weight percent calcia and about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent of alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 76 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 19 weight percent magnesia, about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent lithium oxide, greater than 1 to about 3 weight percent calcia and about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent of alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 76 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 19 weight percent magnesia, about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent lithium oxide, greater than 1 to about 2 weight percent calcia and about 0.5 to about 1.5 weight percent of alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, about 1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, and greater than 0 to about 2 weight percent lithia.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, about 1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, and greater than 0 to about 1 weight percent lithia.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, about 1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, and greater than 0 to about 0.75 weight percent lithia. According to certain illustrative embodiments, the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, about 1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, and greater than 0 to about 0.5 weight percent lithia.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, about 1 to about 3 weight percent calcia, greater than 0 to about
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 3 weight percent calcia, and greater than 0 to about
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 3 weight percent calcia, and greater than 0 to about 1 weight percent lithia.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 3 weight percent calcia, and greater than 0 to about 0.75 weight percent lithia.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 3 weight percent calcia, and greater than 0 to about 0.5 weight percent lithia. According to certain illustrative embodiments, the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 3 weight percent calcia, greater than 0 to about 1 weight percent lithia, and greater than 0 to about 3 weight percent alumina.
- the inorganic fiber comprises the fiberization product of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 5 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, about 3 to about 6 weight percent calcia, and greater than 0 to about 2 weight percent lithia.
- a given fiber composition may contain the intended calcia addition in an amount of greater than 0 to about 10 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 7.5 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 7 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 6.5 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 6 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 5.5 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 4.5 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 4 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 3.5 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 3 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 2.5 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 2 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0
- a given fiber composition may contain the intended lithium oxide in an amount of greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 4.5 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 4 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 3.5 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 3 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 2.5 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 2 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 1.5 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 1 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 0.8 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 0.5 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 0.3 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.1 to about 2 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.1 to about 1.5 weight percent
- a given fiber composition may contain alumina in an amount of greater than 0 to about 4.5 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 4 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 3.5 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 3 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 2.5 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 2 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 1.5 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 1 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 0.8 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 0.5 weight percent, in an amount of greater than 0 to about 0.3 weight percent, in an amount of about 0.1 to about 2 weight percent,
- a given fiber composition may contain iron oxide in an amount of about 2 weight percent or less, in an amount of about 1.5 weight percent or less, in an amount of about 1 weight percent or less, in an amount of about 0.75 weight percent or less, in a range of about 0.1 to about 1, or in a range of about 0.1 to about 0.5.
- the high temperature resistant inorganic fiber exhibits a linear shrinkage of 5% or less when exposed to a use temperature of 1260°C or greater for 24 hours, and maintains mechanical integrity after exposure to the use temperature, and which exhibits low biopersistence in physiological fluids.
- the high temperature resistant inorganic fiber exhibits a linear shrinkage of 4% or less when exposed to a use temperature of 1260°C or greater for 24 hours, maintains mechanical integrity after exposure to the use temperature, and which exhibits low biopersistence in physiological fluids.
- a high temperature resistant inorganic fiber which exhibits a linear shrinkage of 10% or less when exposed to a use temperature of 1400°C or greater for 24 hours, and which maintains mechanical integrity after exposure to the use temperature, and which exhibits low biopersistence in physiological fluids.
- the high temperature resistant inorganic fiber exhibits a linear shrinkage of 5% or less when exposed to a use temperature of 1400°C or greater for 24 hours, and which maintains mechanical integrity after exposure to the use temperature, and exhibit low biopersistence in physiological fluids.
- an inorganic fiber of any one of the above- described illustrative embodiments comprising (1) forming a molten melt of ingredients comprising silica, magnesia, and synergistic amounts of at least alkali metal oxide and at least one alkaline earth metal oxide that is different from magnesium oxide, optionally alumina, optionally boria, and optionally zirconia, and (2) forming fibers from the molten melt of ingredients.
- the method of making an inorganic fiber of any one of the above-described illustrative embodiments comprises (1) forming a molten melt of ingredients comprising silica, magnesia, and synergistic amounts of one alkali metal oxide and one alkaline earth metal oxide that is different from magnesia, optionally alumina, optionally boria, and optionally zirconia, and (2) forming fibers from the molten melt of ingredients.
- the method of making an inorganic fiber of any one of the above-described illustrative embodiment comprises (1) forming a molten melt of ingredients comprising silica, magnesia, and synergistic amounts of calcia and lithium oxide, optionally alumina, optionally bona, and optionally zirconia, and (2) forming fibers from the molten melt of ingredients.
- the method for preparing the fiber comprises forming a molten melt of ingredients comprising from about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, calcia, and lithium oxide, and forming fibers from the molten melt of ingredients.
- the method for preparing the fiber comprises forming a molten melt of ingredients comprising from about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent calcia, and lithium oxide.
- the method for preparing the fiber comprises forming a molten melt of ingredients comprising from about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent calcia, and greater than 0 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and forming fibers from the molten melt of ingredients.
- the method for preparing the fiber comprises forming a molten melt of ingredients comprising from about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent calcia, greater than 0 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent alumina, and forming fibers from the molten melt of ingredients.
- the method for preparing the fiber comprises forming a molten melt of ingredients comprising from about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about
- the method for preparing the fiber comprises forming a molten melt of ingredients comprising from about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 3 weight percent calcia, greater than 0 to about 0.1 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 to about 3 weight percent alumina, and forming fibers from the molten melt of ingredients.
- the method for preparing the fiber comprises forming a molten melt of ingredients comprising from about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 22 weight percent magnesia, greater than about 3 weight percent calcia, greater than 0 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 to about 3 weight percent alumina, and forming fibers from the molten melt of ingredients.
- the method includes disposing on, in, near or around the article to be thermally insulated, a thermal insulation material comprising a plurality of any one of the disclosed inorganic fibers comprising the fiberization product of silica, magnesia, and synergistic amounts of at least one alkali metal oxide and at least one alkaline earth metal oxide that is different from magnesia, optionally alumina, optionally boria, and optionally zirconia.
- the method includes disposing on, in, near or around the article to be thermally insulated, a thermal insulation material comprising a plurality of the inorganic fibers comprising the fiberization product of silica, magnesia, and synergistic amounts of lithium oxide and calcia, optionally alumina, optionally boria, and optionally zirconia.
- the method includes disposing on, in, near or around the article to be thermally insulated, a thermal insulation material comprising a plurality of the inorganic fibers comprising the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, calcia, and lithium oxide.
- the method includes disposing on, in, near or around the article to be thermally insulated, a thermal insulation material comprising a plurality of the inorganic fibers comprising the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent calcia, and lithium oxide.
- the method includes disposing on, in, near or around the article to be thermally insulated, a thermal insulation material comprising a plurality of the inorganic fibers comprising the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent calcia, and greater than 0 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide.
- the method includes disposing on, in, near or around the article to be thermally insulated, a thermal insulation material comprising a plurality of the inorganic fibers comprising the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 35 weight percent calcia, greater than 0 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the method includes disposing on, in, near or around the article to be thermally insulated, a thermal insulation material comprising a plurality of the inorganic fibers comprising the fiberization product of about 65 to about 86 weight percent silica, about 10 to about 35 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 15 weight percent calcia, greater than 0 to about 2 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 to about 5 weight percent alumina.
- the method includes disposing on, in, near or around the article to be thermally insulated, a thermal insulation material comprising a plurality of the inorganic fibers comprising the fiberization product of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, about 12 to about 25 weight percent magnesia, greater than 0 to about 3 weight percent calcia, greater than 0 to about 0.1 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 to about 3 weight percent alumina.
- the method includes disposing on, in, near or around the article to be thermally insulated, a thermal insulation material comprising a plurality of the inorganic fibers comprising the fiberization product of about 75 to about 82 weight percent silica, greater than 0 to about 22 weight percent magnesia, greater than about 3 weight percent calcia, greater than 0 to about 1 weight percent lithium oxide, and greater than 0 to about 3 weight percent alumina. While several specific illustrative embodiments of the method of making the inorganic fiber have been recited hereinabove, it is to be noted that any of the disclosed inorganic fiber compositions may be used in the method of insulating an article.
- an inorganic fiber containing article comprising a plurality of the inorganic fibers of any one of the above-described illustrative embodiments in the form of blankets, blocks, boards, caulking compositions, cement compositions, coatings, felts, mats, moldable compositions, modules, papers, pumpable compositions, putty compositions, sheets, tamping mixtures, vacuum cast shapes, vacuum cast forms, or woven textiles (for example, without limitation, braids, cloths, fabrics, ropes, tapes, sleeving, wicking).
- the fiber to be produced must be manufacturable, sufficiently soluble (i.e., having low biopersistence) in physiological fluids, and capable of surviving high temperatures with minimal shrinkage and minimal loss of mechanical integrity during exposure to the high service temperatures.
- the present inorganic fiber exhibits low biopersistence in physiological fluids.
- low biopersistence in physiological fluids, it is meant that the inorganic fiber at least partially dissolves in such fluids, such as simulated lung fluid, during in vitro tests.
- Biopersistence may be tested by measuring the rate at which mass is lost from the fiber (ng/cm 2 -hr) under conditions which simulate the temperature and chemical conditions found in the human lung. This test consists of exposing approximately 0.1 g of de-shotted fiber to 50 ml of simulated lung fluid ("SLF”) for 6 hours. The entire test system is maintained at 37°C, to simulate the temperature of the human body.
- SPF simulated lung fluid
- the fibers are significantly less biopersistent than normal refractory ceramic fiber in simulated lung fluid, and are at least as soluble as magnesium-silicate fibers without the intended addition of calcia and lithium oxide.
- To measure the dissolution rate of fibers in simulated lung fluid approximately 0.1 g of fiber is placed into a 50 ml centrifuge tube containing simulated lung fluid which has been warmed to 37°C.
- Plasma Spectroscopy analysis This test may be conducted using either a near-neutral pH solution or an acidic solution. Although no specific dissolution rate standards exist, fibers with dissolution values in excess of 100 ng/cm 2 -hr are considered indicative of a non- biopersistent fiber.
- the composition for the simulated lung fluid which was used to test the durability of the fiber compositions of the present invention:
- Viscosity refers to the ability of a glass melt to resist flow or shear stress. The viscosity-temperature relationship is critical in determining whether it is possible to fiberize a given glass composition. An optimum viscosity curve would have a low viscosity (5-50 poise) at the fiberization temperature and would gradually increase as the temperature decreased. If the melt is not sufficiently viscous (i.e. too thin) at the fiberization temperature, the result is a short, thin fiber, with a high proportion of unfiberized material (shot). If the melt is too viscous at the fiberization temperature, the resulting fiber will be extremely coarse (high diameter) and short.
- Viscosity is dependent upon melt chemistry, which is also affected by elements or compounds that act as viscosity modifiers. Viscosity modifiers permit fibers to be blown or spun from the fiber melt. It is desirable, however, that such viscosity modifiers, either by type or amount, do not adversely impact the solubility, shrink resistance, or mechanical strength of the blown or spun fiber.
- One approach to testing whether a fiber of a defined composition can be readily manufactured at an acceptable quality level is to determine whether the viscosity curve of the experimental chemistry matches that of a known product which can be easily fiberized. Viscosity-temperature profiles may be measured on a viscometer, capable of operating at elevated temperatures.
- an adequate viscosity profile may be inferred by routine experimentation, examining the quality of fiber (index, diameter, length) produced.
- the shape of the viscosity vs. temperature curve for a glass composition is representative of the ease with which a melt will fiberize and thus, of the quality of the resulting fiber (affecting, for example, the fiber's shot content, fiber diameter, and fiber length). Glasses generally have low viscosity at high temperatures. As temperature decreases, the viscosity increases. The value of the viscosity at a given temperature will vary as a function of the composition, as will the overall steepness of the viscosity vs. temperature curve.
- the present fiber melt composition possesses a viscosity profile of a readily manufacturable fiber.
- Linear shrinkage of an inorganic fiber is a good measure of a fiber's dimensional stability at high temperatures or of its performance at a particular continuous service or use temperature.
- Fibers are tested for shrinkage by forming them into a mat and needle punching the mat together into a pad of approximately 4-10 pounds per cubic foot density and a thickness of about 1 inch.
- pads are cut into 3 inch x 5 inch pieces and platinum pins are inserted into the face of the material. The separation distance of these pins is then carefully measured and recorded. The pad is then placed into a furnace, ramped to temperature and held at the temperature for a fixed period of time. After heating, the pin separation is again measured to determine the linear shrinkage that pad has experienced.
- the length and width of the fiber pads were carefully measured, and the pad was placed in a furnace and brought to a temperature of 1260°C or 1400°C for 24 or 168 hours. After cooling, the lateral dimensions were measured and the linear shrinkage was determined by comparing "before" and "after” measurements. If the fiber is available in blanket form, measurements may be made directly on the blanket without the need to form a pad. Mechanical integrity is also an important property since the fiber must support its own weight in any application and must also be able to resist abrasion due to moving air or gas. Indications of fiber integrity and mechanical strength are provided by visual and tactile observations, as well as mechanical measurement of these properties of after-service temperature exposed fibers.
- the ability of the fiber to maintain its integrity after exposure to the use temperature may also be measured mechanically by testing for compression strength and compression recovery. These tests measure, respectively, how easily the pad may be deformed and the amount of resiliency (or compression recovery) the pad exhibits after a compression of 50%. Visual and tactile observations indicate that the present inorganic fiber remains intact and maintains its form after exposure to a use temperature of at least 1260°C or 1400°C.
- the low biopersistent inorganic fibers are made by standard glass and ceramic fiber manufacturing methods.
- Raw materials such as silica and any suitable source of magnesia such as enstatite, forsterite, magnesia, magnesite, calcined magnesite, magnesium zirconate, periclase, steatite, or talc may be used.
- Any suitable lithium- bearing compound may be used as the source of lithium oxide.
- Lithium may be included in the fiber melt as Li 2 CC"3. If zirconia is included in the fiber melt, any suitable source of zirconia, such as baddeleyite, magnesium zirconate, zircon or zirconia may be used.
- the materials are introduced into a suitable furnace where they are melted and blown using a fiberization nozzle, or spun, either in a batch or a continuous mode.
- the present inorganic fiber has an average diameter of 4 microns and greater.
- the inorganic fibers containing intended synergistic amounts of a combination of lithium oxide and calcia are useful for thermal insulating applications at continuous service or operating temperatures of at least 1260°C, 1400°C or greater. According to certain embodiments, the fibers containing lithium oxide and calcium oxide are useful for thermal insulating applications at continuous service or operating temperatures of at least
- the inorganic fibers may be prepared by fiber blowing or fiber spinning techniques.
- a suitable fiber blowing technique includes the steps of mixing the starting raw materials containing magnesia, silica, lithium oxide, calcium oxide, a further viscosity modifier, and optional zirconia together to form a material mixture of ingredients, introducing the material mixture of ingredients into a suitable vessel or container, melting the material mixture of ingredients for discharge through a suitable nozzle, and blowing a high pressure gas onto the discharged flow of molten material mixture of ingredients to form the fibers.
- a suitable fiber spinning technique includes the steps of mixing the starting raw materials together to form a material mixture of ingredients, introducing the material mixture of ingredients into a suitable vessel or container, melting the material mixture of ingredients for discharge through a suitable nozzle onto spinning wheels. The molten stream then cascades over the wheels, coating the wheels and being thrown off through centripetal forces, thereby forming fibers.
- the fiber is produced from a melt of raw materials by subjecting the molten stream to a jet of high pressure/high velocity air or by pouring the melt onto rapidly spinning wheels and spinning fiber centrifugally.
- the viscosity of the material melt of ingredients may optionally be controlled by the presence of other viscosity modifiers, in an amount sufficient to provide the fiberization required for the desired applications.
- the viscosity modifiers may be present in the raw materials which supply the main components of the melt, or may, at least in part, be separately added. Desired particle size of the raw materials is determined by furnacing conditions, including furnace size (SEF), pour rate, melt temperature, residence time, and the like.
- the fiber may be manufactured with existing fiberization technology and formed into multiple thermal insulation product forms, including but not limited to bulk fibers, fiber-containing blankets, boards, papers, felts, mats, blocks, modules, coatings, cements, moldable compositions, pumpable compositions, putties, ropes, braids, wicking, textiles (such as cloths, tapes, sleeving, string, yarns, etc .), vacuum cast shapes and composites.
- the fiber may be used in combination with conventional materials utilized in the production of fiber-containing blankets, vacuum cast shapes and composites, as a substitute for conventional refractory ceramic fibers.
- the fiber may be used alone or in combination with other materials, such as binders and the like, in the production of fiber- containing paper and felt.
- the fiber may be easily melted by standard glass furnacing methods, fiberized by standard RCF fiberization equipment, and is not biopersistent in simulated body fluids.
- the high temperature resistant inorganic fibers are readily manufacturable from a melt having an improved viscosity suitable for blowing or spinning fiber, are non-durable in physiological fluids, exhibit good mechanical strength up to the service temperature, exhibit excellent linear shrinkage up to 1400°C and above and improved viscosity for fiberization.
- a shrinkage pad was prepared by needling a fiber mat using a bank of felting needles. A 3 inch x 5 inch test piece was cut from the pad and was used in the shrinkage testing. The length and width of the test pad was carefully measured. The test pad was then placed into a furnace and brought to a temperature of 1400°C for 24 hours. After heating for 24 hours, the test pad was removed from the test furnace and cooled. After cooling, the length and width of the test pad were measured again. The linear shrinkage of the test pad was determined by comparing the "before" and "after” dimensional measurements.
- a second shrinkage pad was prepared in a manner similar to that disclosed for the first shrinkage pad. However, the second shrinkage pad was placed in a furnace and brought to a temperature of 1260°C for 24 hours. After heating for 24 hours, the test pad was removed from the test furnace and cooled. After cooling, the length and width of the test pad were measured again. The linear shrinkage of the test pad was determined by comparing the "before" and "after” dimensional measurements.
- Compression recovery is a measure of the mechanical performance of an inorganic fiber in response to the exposure of the fiber to a desired use temperature for a given period of time. Compression recovery is measured by firing test pads manufactured from the inorganic fiber material to the test temperature for the selected period of time. The fired test pads are thereafter compressed to half of their original thickness and allowed to rebound. The amount of rebound is measured as percent recovery of the compressed thickness of the pad. Compression recovery was measured after exposure to use temperatures of 1260°C for 24 hours and 168 hours, and 1400°C for 24 hours and 168 hours.
- the inorganic fiber is non-durable or non-biopersi stent in physiological fluids.
- non-durable or “non-biopersistent” in physiological fluids it is meant that the inorganic fiber at least partially dissolves or decomposes in such fluids, such as simulated lung fluid, during in vitro tests described below.
- the biopersistence test measures the rate at which mass is lost from the fiber (ng/cm 2 -hr) under conditions which simulate the temperature and chemical conditions found in the human lung. In particular, the fibers exhibit low biopersistence in Simulated Lung Fluid at a pH of about 7.4.
- To measure the dissolution rate of fibers in simulated lung fluid approximately 0.1 g of fiber is placed into a 50 ml centrifuge tube containing simulated lung fluid which has been warmed to 37°C. This is then placed into a shaking incubator for 6 hours and agitated at 100 cycles per minute. At the conclusion of the test, the tube is centrifuged and the solution is poured into a 60 ml syringe.
- the solution is then forced through a 0.45 ⁇ filter to remove any particulate and tested for glass constituents using Inductively Coupled Plasma Spectroscopy analysis.
- This test may be conducted using either a near-neutral pH solution or an acidic solution. Although no specific dissolution rate standards exist, fibers with dissolution values in excess of 100 ng/cm 2 -hr are considered indicative of a non- biopersistent fiber.
- Table I shows fiber melt chemistries for various comparative and inventive fiber samples.
- Table II shows the median fiber diameter for the fibers of Table I, and the thickness (inches) and density (pcf) of a blanket prepared from the fibers.
- Table III shows the results for shrinkage for the fibers after exposure to 1260° 1400°C for 24 hours.
- Table III shows that a magnesium-silicate inorganic fiber composition including a synergistic combination of calcium oxide and lithium oxide as a component of the fiberization product results in lower linear shrinkage at both 1260°C and 1400°C as compared to magnesium-silicate inorganic fiber without the intended calcium oxide and lithium oxide additions.
- Table IV shows the results compression recovery after exposure to 1260°C and 1400°C for 24 hours, and solubility for the fibers of Table I.
- Table IV shows that a magnesium-silicate inorganic fiber composition including an intended synergistic combination of calcium oxide and lithium oxide as a component of the fiberization product results in an improvement in compression recovery at both 1260°C and 1400°C, as compared to magnesium-silicate inorganic fiber without the intended calcium oxide and lithium oxide additions.
- the magnesium-silicate inorganic fiber composition including a synergistic combination of calcium oxide and lithium oxide as a component of the fiberization product exhibits an average compression recovery after exposure to 1260°C for 24 hours of at least 50%.
- the magnesium-silicate inorganic fiber composition including a synergistic combination of calcium oxide and lithium oxide as a component of the fiberization product exhibits an average compression recovery after exposure to 1400°C for 24 hours of at least 10%.
- Table V shows the results compressive strength after exposure to 1260°C and 1400°C for 24 hours for the fibers of Table I.
- the inorganic fiber, thermal insulation, methods of preparing the inorganic fiber, and method of insulating articles using the thermal insulation have been described in connection with various embodiments, it is to be understood that other similar embodiments may be used or modifications and additions may be made to the described embodiments for performing the same function. Furthermore, the various illustrative embodiments may be combined to produce the desired results. Therefore, the inorganic fiber, thermal insulation, methods of preparing the inorganic fiber, and method of insulating articles using the thermal insulation should not be limited to any single embodiment, but rather construed in breadth and scope in accordance with the recitation of the appended claims.
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Abstract
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US201662280282P | 2016-01-19 | 2016-01-19 | |
PCT/US2017/014067 WO2017127501A1 (fr) | 2016-01-19 | 2017-01-19 | Fibre inorganique |
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US5658836A (en) * | 1995-12-04 | 1997-08-19 | Owens-Corning Fiberglas Technology, Inc. | Mineral fibers and their compositions |
US6277777B1 (en) | 1999-08-03 | 2001-08-21 | Johns Manville International, Inc. | Boron-free glass composition and filtration media |
GB2383793B (en) * | 2002-01-04 | 2003-11-19 | Morgan Crucible Co | Saline soluble inorganic fibres |
BRPI0411750A (pt) * | 2003-06-27 | 2006-08-08 | Unifrax Corp | fibra inorgánica vìtrea resistente à temperatura elevada, método para o preparo da mesma e método de isolamento de um artigo |
BRPI0518202B1 (pt) * | 2004-11-01 | 2017-05-30 | The Morgan Crucible Company Plc | fibras refratárias de silicato de metal alcalino terroso |
GB0424190D0 (en) * | 2004-11-01 | 2004-12-01 | Morgan Crucible Co | Modification of alkaline earth silicate fibres |
GB2427191B (en) * | 2005-06-14 | 2007-06-27 | Morgan Crucible Co | Glass fibres |
AU2006313594B2 (en) | 2005-11-10 | 2011-06-09 | Morgan Advanced Materials Plc | High temperature resistant fibres |
GB0522980D0 (en) * | 2005-11-10 | 2005-12-21 | Morgan Crucible Co | High temperature resistant fibres |
US7829490B2 (en) * | 2006-12-14 | 2010-11-09 | Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. | Low dielectric glass and fiber glass for electronic applications |
CN100497248C (zh) * | 2007-08-08 | 2009-06-10 | 赵钢 | 一种可溶性耐高温陶瓷纤维及其制备方法和应用 |
CN103228591B (zh) | 2010-10-18 | 2018-02-13 | Ocv智识资本有限责任公司 | 生产高强度和高模量纤维的玻璃组合物 |
JP5006979B1 (ja) | 2011-03-31 | 2012-08-22 | ニチアス株式会社 | 生体溶解性無機繊維の製造方法 |
EP2969989B1 (fr) * | 2013-03-15 | 2019-05-08 | Unifrax I LLC | Fibre inorganique |
AU2014369924A1 (en) * | 2013-12-23 | 2016-07-07 | Unifrax I Llc | Inorganic fiber with improved shrinkage and strength |
JP5634637B1 (ja) * | 2014-08-08 | 2014-12-03 | ニチアス株式会社 | 生体溶解性無機繊維 |
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JP2019503333A (ja) | 2019-02-07 |
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