EP3399592A1 - Antenna system - Google Patents
Antenna system Download PDFInfo
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- EP3399592A1 EP3399592A1 EP18168679.1A EP18168679A EP3399592A1 EP 3399592 A1 EP3399592 A1 EP 3399592A1 EP 18168679 A EP18168679 A EP 18168679A EP 3399592 A1 EP3399592 A1 EP 3399592A1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- protective plate
- antenna system
- projection
- antenna
- edge
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/42—Housings not intimately mechanically associated with radiating elements, e.g. radome
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/34—Adaptation for use in or on ships, submarines, buoys or torpedoes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
- H01Q3/02—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole
- H01Q3/04—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole for varying one co-ordinate of the orientation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an antenna system comprising at least one antenna field and a planar antenna field outside, wherein the planar antenna field outside at least partially covered by a protective plate or is formed by a protective plate having a specular reflecting surface.
- phased array antennas which are used as radar antennas partly for military purposes. Since this type of antenna generally has a reflecting surface, this leads to radiation, in particular solar radiation, being reflected at the surface. In certain constellations between the position of the sun and the orientation of the antenna field, this leads to very intense and widely visible solar reflections.
- some antenna systems rotate, for example, for radar purposes, so that the critical constellation between solar radiation and orientation of the antenna field, which causes far visible sun reflexes, is met in the short term with each complete rotation of the antenna system about its axis. Due to the predetermined rotational speed of the antenna systems, the duration of a flashing of the sun's reflection is usually greater than the resolution of conventional measuring devices, so that the flashing sun's reflections can be detected by measurement.
- This threat relates to the spectral range of sunlight, which begins in the visible spectral range and extends to the mid-infrared range. This range corresponds to wavelengths of about 0.4 ⁇ m to 5.0 ⁇ m.
- the surface of the antenna system is structured accordingly or a tissue structure is attached to the surface of the antenna field.
- an antenna system comprises at least one antenna field and a planar antenna field outside, which is at least partially covered by a flat protective plate or formed by a flat protective plate, the protective plate a protective plate outside with a specularly reflective surface, an upper edge, a lower edge, a right edge and a left edge, wherein at least along one edge of the protective plate at least partially a projection is provided which protrudes perpendicular to the protective plate outside on the protective plate outside and forms at least a first frame portion, wherein the projection at least partially made of a material exists, which has a lower specular reflection than the protective plate outside.
- the invention is based on the recognition that the critical, very intense and far-reaching sun reflexes occur when, as in Fig. 1 shown, the sun rays 800 very obliquely incident on a specularly reflective antenna field outside 810. In other words, the critical sun reflexes are observed when the reflection angle ⁇ is approximately greater than or equal to 80 °.
- a projection is at least partially provided, which protrudes perpendicular to the protective plate outside on the protective plate outside and forms at least a first frame portion. The projection thus shadows the protective plate outside for the obliquely impinging sun rays. If even sunlight, which reaches the protective plate outside with significantly smaller reflection angles, is reflected, the light intensity of the reflected sunlight is significantly reduced by the described measure. This leads to the fact that the sun reflexes or light flashes occurring at the antenna system in the distance are not metrologically or significantly more difficult to detect.
- the projection may serve as an optical barrier to radiation that has already been reflected on the surface of the protective plate outside.
- the frame section formed from the projection has, at least in sections, a material which has less specular reflection than the surface of the protective plate outside.
- the described measure thus serves to significantly improve the camouflage of the antenna system compared to conventional antenna systems which have no alternative camouflage measures for avoiding sun-reflexes.
- reflections are made in the entire spectral range of solar radiation, which covers the range from visible light to the mid-infrared range, i. the range of 0.4 microns to 5.0 microns, significantly reduced.
- the upper edge is to be understood as meaning the edge of the protective plate facing towards the sky, while the lower edge of the protective plate is the edge which is directed towards the ground.
- the projection is arranged on the right edge and on the left edge and forms two first frame sections.
- optimal protection against widely visible reflections due to obliquely incident sun rays is given to the antenna field.
- the total weight of the antenna system is hardly increased, which among other things offers an advantage for the design of a drive system for rotary antenna systems.
- the cost and effort for this improvement measure are low.
- the projection directly adjoins the edge of the protective plate.
- the projection is arranged on the edge of the protective plate.
- This cross section has the advantage that it is comparatively stable against mechanical influences.
- the height of the protrusion is selected with which the projection protrudes beyond the antenna field outside or over the protective plate outside.
- a height of 40 to 60 cm is sufficient to prevent the propagation of most of the particularly disturbing reflected radiation, which has a particularly high intensity.
- the width of the projections results from the necessary stability of the frame and is for example 4 to 10 cm at the end portion of the projection which is connected to the antenna system. This width is particularly advantageous for frame heights of 40 to 60 cm.
- a second frame portion is provided, the second frame portion being a projection which projects perpendicular to the protective plate outside over the protective plate outer side, is aligned parallel to the left and / or right edge of the protective plate and protrudes beyond the lower edge of the protective plate.
- This embodiment may be used in addition to or in lieu of a protrusion adjacent to the lower edge to prevent reflection from above-incident solar rays.
- the approach has a free end, wherein the distance between the free end of the neck and the lower edge of the protective plate is at least 20 cm.
- the protective plate and the first frame portion and / or the second frame portion of the same material wherein the surface of the first frame portion and / or the second frame portion, at least on the sides of the frame portions which are exposed to the incident sunbeams, a smaller have specular reflection as the protective plate, such as a composite consisting of PU foam with a hard paper surface.
- the protective plate consists of a material permeable to radar radiation.
- the material of the protective plate and the first frame portion and / or the second frame portion for radar radiation is permeable.
- the function of the antenna system is not affected by the frame, but ensures optimal protection against lightning-like sun reflexes.
- the surface of the first and / or second frame portion is structured at least on the sides exposed to the incident sun rays and / or formed matt lacquered. This measure contributes to the fact that the specular reflection of sun rays on the frame parts is particularly well prevented.
- Fig. 2 shows the basic structure of an antenna system 10 according to a first embodiment with a base foot 12 and an antenna array 14, which is surrounded by an antenna shell.
- the antenna envelope which is also referred to as a radome, has a planar antenna field outside which points outward in the direction of the radiation to be detected or transmitted by the antenna field.
- the planar antenna field outside is completely covered by a protective plate 16 or is formed by such a flat protective plate 16, the protective plate 16 having an upper edge 18, a lower edge 20, a right edge 22 and a left edge 24 and a flat, reflective protective plate outside 26 has.
- Fig. 3 shows another known antenna system 110 with a base foot 12 and an antenna array 114 which is surrounded by an antenna shell, wherein the antenna shell has a planar antenna field outside 115 and the antenna field outside 115 is covered or formed except for a peripheral edge portion of a protective plate 16. Also with this Antenna system 110, the protective plate 16 has an upper edge 18, a lower edge 20, a right edge 22 and a left edge 24 and a flat, reflective protective plate outer side 26.
- the antenna field outside 115 and the surface of the protective plate 16 form a flat outwardly facing surface.
- Both antenna systems 10, 110 are rotatable about their longitudinal axis, in which case a rotation takes place between the base foot 12 and the antenna field.
- the antenna field is a phased array antenna field.
- the protective plates 16 each consist of a material which is permeable to radar waves.
- sun rays which at a large reflection angle ⁇ , as in Fig. 1 represented impinge on the surface of the protective plate 16 in the range of about 80 ° or greater, to light-intensive reflections that can still be observed in the far distance or metrologically detected.
- Fig. 4 shows an antenna array 14 of a first embodiment of an antenna system, which differs from the in Fig. 2 shown known embodiment differs in that along the left edge 24 and the right edge 22 of the protective plate 16 on the protective plate 16, a projection 28 is provided which, as FIG. 4 shows, perpendicular to the protective plate outer side 26 protrudes beyond the protective plate outer side 26.
- the projection 28 forms two first frame sections 30 along the left edge 24 and the right edge 22.
- Fig. 5 shows a further education in Fig. 3 illustrated embodiment of an antenna system 110, wherein only the antenna field outside 115 and the protective plate 16 are shown.
- the planar antenna field outside 115 is greater than the protective plate 16, so that the protective plate 16 is surrounded by an edge formed by the antenna field outside 115.
- the projection 128 is provided in this embodiment along the left edge 24 and the right edge 22 of the protective plate 16 adjacent to the edge of the protective plate 16 on the antenna field outside 115.
- the protrusion 128 projects perpendicularly to the antenna field outside 26 and thus perpendicular to the protective plate 16 beyond the antenna field outside 26 or protective plate 16 and forms along the left edge 24 and right edge 22 of the protective plate 16, two first frame portions 130th
- the two first frame sections 30 and 130 ensure that laterally obliquely incident solar rays hit the projection and thus no longer reach the surface of the protective plate, where they can be reflected.
- the projection thus forms a shading for laterally obliquely incident sunrays.
- Fig. 6 shows a third embodiment of an antenna array 214, in which in addition to two first frame portions 230 on the right and left edges of the protective plate 16, a second frame portion 232 is provided.
- the frame portion 232 is formed as a projection 234, wherein the projection 234 protrudes perpendicular to the protective plate 16 on the protective plate outer side 26, is aligned parallel to the left edge 24 and right edge 22 of the protective plate 16 and extends beyond the lower edge 20 of the protective plate 16.
- the second frame portion 232 forms a continuation of the first frame portion 230 and is formed integrally with the first frame portion 230.
- the lug 234 has a free end and the distance between the free end of the lug 234 and the lower edge 20 of the protective plate 16 is at least 20 cm.
- Fig. 7, 8 and 9 show sections of further embodiments of an antenna array 314, 414 and 514, which differs from the in the Fig. 4 . 5 and 6 illustrated embodiment of an antenna array 14, 114, 214 differ in that the projection 328, 428, 528 along the left edge 24, the right edge 22 and the upper edge 18 of the protective plate 16 is a continuous first frame portion 330; 430; 530 forms.
- the projection 28, 128, 228, 328, 428, 528 or the projection 234 has a rectangular cross section.
- the projection 28, 128, 228, 328, 428, 528 of Fig. 4 to 9 and / or approach 234 of Fig. 6 and 9 also have another than the illustrated rectangular cross-section.
- a cross-section through an alternative embodiment of a projection 328 is shown, in which the free end 340 has the shape of a parabola and the base section 342 adjoining the free end 340 is rectangular in cross-section.
- the parable is a parable of second or fourth degree.
- a downwardly conically widening base section can also be used.
- the cross section of the projection usually has a height of 40 to 60 cm and at the end portion, where it is connected to the antenna array, a width of 4 to 10 cm. This prevents sun rays with an incident angle greater than or equal to 80 ° reach the antenna array 18.
- the first frame portion 30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530 and the second frame portion 232 and the protective plate 16 are made of a material opaque for the wavelength range of about 0.4 microns to 5.0 microns, such as a polyurethane foam with a hard paper surface.
- the latter material is permeable to the wavelengths used in the radar and thus ideally suited for the use of the antenna systems as radar systems.
- the first frame portion 30, 230, 330, 530 is glued to the protective plate 16 in the embodiments in which the frame portion 30, 230, 330, 530 is arranged on the protective plate 16. It will be understood that other joining techniques known to those skilled in the art may be used to attach the first frame portion 30, 230, 330, 530 to the protective plate 16. In addition, the protective plate 16 and the first frame portion 30, 130, 230, 330, 530 may be formed integrally.
- first frame portion 30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530 and the second frame portion 232 on the outer sides, where solar radiation can impinge, structured and painted matt to reflect specular reflections on the first frame portion 30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530 and the second frame portion 232 to prevent.
- the surfaces of the first frame portion 30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530 and the second frame portion 232, which are inside and are not exposed to the incident sunrays, are made smooth.
- the projection may be formed completely or in sections along one or more edges. It is not excluded that the projection can also be provided at the bottom.
- the features of the illustrated embodiments are combined, and individual features may be omitted.
- the in Fig. 6 9 and 9 are also used in an antenna system in which the projection is arranged on the antenna field.
- the approach may be an extension of an existing framework.
- All embodiments have in common that the first and / or second frame section shadows the protective plate with respect to obliquely incident solar rays, so that no far-reaching solar reflections occur. It is particularly advantageous in this case that at least on the right and left edges of the protective plate, a projection is provided, since in this case the reflection of the particularly disturbing laterally incident sunbeams is prevented. Since the first and / or second frame portion are arranged directly on the protective plate, they rotate with rotatable antenna systems, so that the desired shading is ensured in any position of the antenna system.
Abstract
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Antennensystem, umfassend wenigstens ein Antennenfeld (14) und eine ebene Antennenfeldaußenseite (115), die zumindest abschnittsweise von einer ebenen Schutzplatte (16) bedeckt oder von einer ebenen Schutzplatte (16) gebildet ist, wobei die Schutzplatte (16) eine Schutzplattenaußenseite (26) mit einer spekular reflektierenden Oberfläche, einen oberen Rand (18), einen unteren Rand (20), einen rechten Rand (22) und einen linken Rand (24) aufweist, wobei wenigstens entlang eines Randes (18, 20, 22, 24) der Schutzplatte (16) wenigstens abschnittsweise ein Vorsprung (28; 128; 228; 328; 428; 528) vorgesehen ist, der senkrecht zur Schutzplattenaußenseite (26) über die Schutzplattenaußenseite (26) hinausragt und wenigstens einen ersten Rahmenabschnitt (30; 130; 230; 330; 430; 530) bildet und wobei der Vorsprung (28; 128; 228; 328; 428; 528) zumindest abschnittsweise aus einem Material besteht, das eine geringere spekulare Reflexion als die Schutzplattenaußenseite (26) aufweist. The present invention relates to an antenna system comprising at least one antenna field (14) and a planar antenna field outside (115), which is at least partially covered by a flat protective plate (16) or by a flat protective plate (16), wherein the protective plate (16) a protective plate outer side (26) with a specularly reflecting surface, an upper edge (18), a lower edge (20), a right edge (22) and a left edge (24), wherein at least along one edge (18, 20, 22, 24) of the protective plate (16) is at least partially provided with a projection (28; 128; 228; 328; 428; 528) which protrudes perpendicular to the protective plate outer side (26) beyond the protective plate outer side (26) and at least one first frame section (30 130; 230; 330; 430; 530), and wherein the protrusion (28; 128; 228; 328; 428; 528) is at least partially made of a material having less specular reflection than the protective plate outside (26).
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein Antennensystem, umfassend wenigstens ein Antennenfeld und eine ebene Antennenfeldaußenseite, wobei die ebene Antennenfeldaußenseite zumindest abschnittsweise von einer Schutzplatte bedeckt oder von einer Schutzplatte gebildet ist, die eine spekular reflektierende Oberfläche aufweist.The present invention relates to an antenna system comprising at least one antenna field and a planar antenna field outside, wherein the planar antenna field outside at least partially covered by a protective plate or is formed by a protective plate having a specular reflecting surface.
Beispiele für solche Antennensysteme sind Phased Array Antennen, die als Radarantennen zum Teil für militärische Zwecke eingesetzt werden. Da diese Art von Antennen in der Regel eine spiegelnde Oberfläche aufweist, führt dies dazu, dass Strahlung, insbesondere Sonnenstrahlung an der Oberfläche reflektiert wird. Dies führt bei bestimmten Konstellationen zwischen Sonnenstand und Ausrichtung des Antennenfelds dazu, dass sehr intensive und weit sichtbare Sonnenreflexe auftreten. Hinzu kommt, dass sich manche Antennensysteme beispielsweise zu Radarzwecken drehen, so dass die kritische Konstellation zwischen Sonnenstrahlung und Ausrichtung des Antennenfelds, die weit sichtbare Sonnenreflexe verursacht, bei jeder vollständigen Rotation des Antennensystems um seine Achse kurzfristig erfüllt ist. Aufgrund der vorgegebenen Drehgeschwindigkeit der Antennensysteme ist die Dauer eines aufblitzenden Sonnenreflexes in der Regel größer als das Auflösungsvermögen üblicher Messgeräte, so dass die aufblitzenden Sonnenreflexe messtechnisch erfasst werden können.Examples of such antenna systems are phased array antennas, which are used as radar antennas partly for military purposes. Since this type of antenna generally has a reflecting surface, this leads to radiation, in particular solar radiation, being reflected at the surface. In certain constellations between the position of the sun and the orientation of the antenna field, this leads to very intense and widely visible solar reflections. In addition, some antenna systems rotate, for example, for radar purposes, so that the critical constellation between solar radiation and orientation of the antenna field, which causes far visible sun reflexes, is met in the short term with each complete rotation of the antenna system about its axis. Due to the predetermined rotational speed of the antenna systems, the duration of a flashing of the sun's reflection is usually greater than the resolution of conventional measuring devices, so that the flashing sun's reflections can be detected by measurement.
Diese bei drehenden Antennensystemen kurzfristig aufblitzenden Sonnenreflexe, die in sehr großer Entfernung von verfügbaren Messvorrichtung erfasst werden können, sind insbesondere bei militärischen Einsätzen gefürchtet, da diese entgegen sämtlichen Tarnversuchen den Standort und aufgrund der Taktfrequenz der auftretenden Sonnenreflexe gegebenenfalls sogar die Art des Antennensystems erkennen lassen.These short-term flashing sun reflexes in rotating antenna systems, which can be detected at very great distance from available measuring device, are particularly feared in military operations, as they can recognize the location and due to the clock frequency of the occurring solar reflections possibly even the nature of the antenna system against all camouflage attempts.
Diese Bedrohung bezieht sich auf den Spektralbereich des Sonnenlichtes, welcher im sichtbaren Spektralbereich anfängt und sich bis zum mittleren Infrarotbereich erstreckt. Dieser Bereich entspricht Wellenlängen von etwa 0,4 µm bis 5,0 µm.This threat relates to the spectral range of sunlight, which begins in the visible spectral range and extends to the mid-infrared range. This range corresponds to wavelengths of about 0.4 μm to 5.0 μm.
In der
Diese in der
Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine einfache und kostengünstige Vorrichtung bereitzustellen, die die Intensität der Sonnenreflexe reduziert.It is an object of the present invention to provide a simple and inexpensive device which reduces the intensity of the sun's reflections.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass ein Antennensystem wenigstens ein Antennenfeld umfasst sowie eine ebene Antennenfeldaußenseite, die zumindest abschnittsweise von einer ebenen Schutzplatte bedeckt oder von einer ebenen Schutzplatte gebildet ist, wobei die Schutzplatte eine Schutzplattenaußenseite mit einer spekular reflektierenden Oberfläche, einen oberen Rand, einen unteren Rand, einen rechten Rand und einen linken Rand aufweist, wobei wenigstens entlang eines Randes der Schutzplatte wenigstens abschnittsweise ein Vorsprung vorgesehen ist, der senkrecht zur Schutzplattenaußenseite über die Schutzplattenaußenseite hinausragt und wenigstens einen ersten Rahmenabschnitt bildet, wobei der Vorsprung zumindest abschnittsweise aus einem Material besteht, das eine geringere spekulare Reflexion als die Schutzplattenaußenseite aufweist.According to the invention, the object is achieved in that an antenna system comprises at least one antenna field and a planar antenna field outside, which is at least partially covered by a flat protective plate or formed by a flat protective plate, the protective plate a protective plate outside with a specularly reflective surface, an upper edge, a lower edge, a right edge and a left edge, wherein at least along one edge of the protective plate at least partially a projection is provided which protrudes perpendicular to the protective plate outside on the protective plate outside and forms at least a first frame portion, wherein the projection at least partially made of a material exists, which has a lower specular reflection than the protective plate outside.
Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, dass die kritischen, sehr intensiven und weitreichenden Sonnenreflexe dann auftreten, wenn, wie in
Um zu verhindern, dass die schräg auftreffenden Sonnenstrahlen mit Reflexionswinkeln, die in etwa größer oder gleich 80° sind, auf die Oberfläche der Schutzplattenaußenseite gelangen, ist wenigstens entlang eines Randes der Schutzplatte wenigstens abschnittsweise ein Vorsprung vorgesehen, der senkrecht zur Schutzplattenaußenseite über die Schutzplattenaußenseite hinausragt und wenigstens einen ersten Rahmenabschnitt bildet. Der Vorsprung beschattet somit die Schutzplattenaußenseite für die schräg auftreffenden Sonnenstrahlen. Wenn auch noch Sonnenlicht, das mit deutlich kleineren Reflexionswinkeln auf die Schutzplattenaußenseite gelangt, reflektiert wird, so ist durch die beschriebene Maßnahme die Lichtintensität des reflektierten Sonnenlichts deutlich reduziert. Dies führt dazu, dass die am Antennensystem auftretenden Sonnenreflexe bzw. Lichtblitze in der Ferne messtechnisch nicht oder deutlich schwieriger zu erfassen sind.In order to prevent the obliquely impinging sun rays with reflection angles which are approximately greater than or equal to 80 °, reach the surface of the protective plate outside, at least along one edge of the protective plate, a projection is at least partially provided, which protrudes perpendicular to the protective plate outside on the protective plate outside and forms at least a first frame portion. The projection thus shadows the protective plate outside for the obliquely impinging sun rays. If even sunlight, which reaches the protective plate outside with significantly smaller reflection angles, is reflected, the light intensity of the reflected sunlight is significantly reduced by the described measure. This leads to the fact that the sun reflexes or light flashes occurring at the antenna system in the distance are not metrologically or significantly more difficult to detect.
Zusätzlich kann der Vorsprung als optisches Hindernis für Strahlung dienen, die bereits auf der Oberfläche der Schutzplattenaußenseite reflektiert wurde.In addition, the projection may serve as an optical barrier to radiation that has already been reflected on the surface of the protective plate outside.
Um zu verhindern, dass der Vorsprung selbst wieder als Reflektor für die Sonnenstrahlung wirkt, weist der aus dem Vorsprung gebildete Rahmenabschnitt zumindest abschnittsweise ein Material auf, das eine geringere spekulare Reflexion als die Oberfläche der Schutzplattenaußenseite besitzt.In order to prevent the projection itself from acting as a reflector for the solar radiation, the frame section formed from the projection has, at least in sections, a material which has less specular reflection than the surface of the protective plate outside.
Die beschriebene Maßnahme dient somit dazu, die Tarnung des Antennensystems gegenüber herkömmlichen Antennensystemen, die über keine alternative Tarnmaßnahmen zur Vermeidung von Sonnenreflexen verfügen, deutlich zu verbessern.The described measure thus serves to significantly improve the camouflage of the antenna system compared to conventional antenna systems which have no alternative camouflage measures for avoiding sun-reflexes.
Hierbei werden Reflexionen in dem gesamten Spektralbereich der Sonnenstrahlung, welcher den Bereich vom sichtbaren Licht bis zum mittleren Infrarotbereich, d.h. den Bereich von 0,4 µm bis 5,0 µm umfasst, deutlich reduziert.Here, reflections are made in the entire spectral range of solar radiation, which covers the range from visible light to the mid-infrared range, i. the range of 0.4 microns to 5.0 microns, significantly reduced.
Es sei hier angemerkt, dass unter oberem Rand der Rand der Schutzplatte zu verstehen ist, die in Richtung Himmel weist, während der unterer Rand der Schutzplatte der Rand ist, der zum Boden gerichtet ist.It should be noted here that the upper edge is to be understood as meaning the edge of the protective plate facing towards the sky, while the lower edge of the protective plate is the edge which is directed towards the ground.
Vorzugsweise ist der Vorsprung am rechten Rand und am linken Rand angeordnet und bildet zwei erste Rahmenabschnitte. Hierdurch ist ein optimaler Schutz gegen weithin sichtbare Reflexionen aufgrund von schräg einfallenden Sonnenstrahlen auf das Antennenfeld gegeben. Darüber hinaus wird das Gesamtgewicht des Antennensystems kaum erhöht, was unter anderem ein Vorteil für die Auslegung eines Antriebssystems für drehbare Antennensysteme bietet. Schließlich sind die Kosten und der Aufwand für diese Verbesserungsmaßnahme gering.Preferably, the projection is arranged on the right edge and on the left edge and forms two first frame sections. As a result, optimal protection against widely visible reflections due to obliquely incident sun rays is given to the antenna field. In addition, the total weight of the antenna system is hardly increased, which among other things offers an advantage for the design of a drive system for rotary antenna systems. Finally, the cost and effort for this improvement measure are low.
Bei einer ersten bevorzugten Ausführungsform grenzt der Vorsprung unmittelbar an den Rand der Schutzplatte an. Bei einer alternativen Ausführungsform ist der Vorsprung auf dem Rand der Schutzplatte angeordnet.In a first preferred embodiment, the projection directly adjoins the edge of the protective plate. In an alternative embodiment, the projection is arranged on the edge of the protective plate.
Es hat sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, dass der Vorsprung ein freies Ende aufweist, dessen Querschnitt in Form einer Parabel ausgebildet ist, wobei die Parabel vorzugsweise die Form y=a * xb aufweist, mit a = - 2 bis - 10 und b = 2 oder 4. Dieser Querschnitt hat den Vorteil, dass er vergleichsweise stabil gegen mechanische Einflüsse ist.It has proved to be advantageous that the projection has a free end whose cross section is in the form of a parabola, wherein the parabola preferably has the shape y = a * x b , with a = -2 to -10 and b = 2 or 4. This cross section has the advantage that it is comparatively stable against mechanical influences.
Abhängig von der Größe des Antennenfeldes bzw. der Schutzplatte und des Reflexionswinkels der Strahlen, die abgeschattet werden sollen, wird die Höhe des Vorsprungs gewählt, mit der der Vorsprung über die Antennenfeldaußenseite bzw. über die Schutzplattenaußenseite übersteht. Bei gängigen Antennenfeldern von etwa 8 m x 4 m ist beispielsweise eine Höhe von 40 bis 60 cm ausreichend, um die Ausbreitung des größten Teils der besonders störenden reflektierten Strahlung, die eine besonders hohe Intensität aufweist, zu verhindern.Depending on the size of the antenna field or the protective plate and the reflection angle of the rays to be shaded, the height of the protrusion is selected with which the projection protrudes beyond the antenna field outside or over the protective plate outside. With common antenna fields of about 8 mx 4 m, for example, a height of 40 to 60 cm is sufficient to prevent the propagation of most of the particularly disturbing reflected radiation, which has a particularly high intensity.
Die Breite der Vorsprünge ergibt sich aus der notwendigen Stabilität des Rahmens und liegt beispielsweise bei 4 bis 10 cm an dem Endabschnitt des Vorsprungs, der mit dem Antennensystem verbunden ist. Diese Breite ist besonders vorteilhaft bei Rahmenhöhen von 40 bis 60 cm.The width of the projections results from the necessary stability of the frame and is for example 4 to 10 cm at the end portion of the projection which is connected to the antenna system. This width is particularly advantageous for frame heights of 40 to 60 cm.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist ein zweiter Rahmenabschnitt vorgesehen, wobei der zweite Rahmenabschnitt ein Ansatz ist, der senkrecht zur Schutzplattenaußenseite über die Schutzplattenaußenseite hinausragt, parallel zum linken und/oder rechten Rand der Schutzplatte ausgerichtet ist und über den unteren Rand der Schutzplatte hinausragt. Diese Ausführungsform kann zusätzlich oder anstelle eines am unteren Rand anliegenden Vorsprungs verwendet werden, um die Reflexion von von oben einfallenden Sonnenstrahlen zu verhindern.In a preferred embodiment, a second frame portion is provided, the second frame portion being a projection which projects perpendicular to the protective plate outside over the protective plate outer side, is aligned parallel to the left and / or right edge of the protective plate and protrudes beyond the lower edge of the protective plate. This embodiment may be used in addition to or in lieu of a protrusion adjacent to the lower edge to prevent reflection from above-incident solar rays.
Vorzugsweise weist der Ansatz ein freies Ende auf, wobei der Abstand zwischen dem freien Ende des Ansatzes und dem unteren Rand der Schutzplatte mindestens 20 cm beträgt.Preferably, the approach has a free end, wherein the distance between the free end of the neck and the lower edge of the protective plate is at least 20 cm.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform bestehen die Schutzplatte und der erste Rahmenabschnitt und /oder der zweite Rahmenabschnitt aus dem gleichen Material, wobei die Oberfläche des ersten Rahmenabschnitts und/oder des zweiten Rahmenabschnitts zumindest an den Seiten der Rahmenabschnitte, die den einfallenden Sonnenstrahlen ausgesetzt sind, eine geringere spekulare Reflexion aufweisen als die Schutzplatte, wie etwa ein Verbund bestehend aus PU-Schaum mit einer Hartpapieroberfläche.In a preferred embodiment, the protective plate and the first frame portion and / or the second frame portion of the same material, wherein the surface of the first frame portion and / or the second frame portion, at least on the sides of the frame portions which are exposed to the incident sunbeams, a smaller have specular reflection as the protective plate, such as a composite consisting of PU foam with a hard paper surface.
In der Regel besteht die Schutzplatte aus einem für Radarstrahlung durchlässigen Material. Um die Leistung des Antennensystems nicht zu beeinträchtigen, ist es von Vorteil, dass das Material der Schutzplatte sowie des ersten Rahmenabschnitts und/oder des zweiten Rahmenabschnitts für Radarstrahlung durchlässig ist.As a rule, the protective plate consists of a material permeable to radar radiation. In order not to impair the performance of the antenna system, it is advantageous that the material of the protective plate and the first frame portion and / or the second frame portion for radar radiation is permeable.
Hierdurch wird die Funktion des Antennensystems durch den Rahmen nicht beeinträchtigt, jedoch optimaler Schutz gegen blitzartige Sonnenreflexe gewährleistet.As a result, the function of the antenna system is not affected by the frame, but ensures optimal protection against lightning-like sun reflexes.
Es hat sich als besonders vorteilhaft erwiesen, dass die Oberfläche des ersten und/oder zweiten Rahmenabschnitts zumindest an den den einfallenden Sonnenstrahlen ausgesetzten Seiten strukturiert und/oder matt lackiert ausgebildet ist. Diese Maßnahme trägt dazu bei, dass die spekulare Reflexion von Sonnenstrahlen an den Rahmenteilen besonders gut verhindert wird.It has proved to be particularly advantageous that the surface of the first and / or second frame portion is structured at least on the sides exposed to the incident sun rays and / or formed matt lacquered. This measure contributes to the fact that the specular reflection of sun rays on the frame parts is particularly well prevented.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen werden anhand der beigefügten Zeichnungen näher erläutert, in denen zeigen:
-
Fig. 1 eine schematische Darstellung eines einfallenden Sonnenstrahls; -
Fig. 2 den prinzipiellen Aufbau eines Antennensystem gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform, -
Fig. 3 den prinzipiellen Aufbau eines Antennensystem gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform, -
Fig. 4 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Antennenfeldes gemäß einer ersten Ausführungsform, -
Fig. 5 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Antennenfeldes gemäß einer zweiten Ausführungsform, -
Fig. 6 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Antennenfeldes gemäß einer dritten Ausführungsform, -
Fig. 7 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Antennenfeldes gemäß einer vierten Ausführungsform, -
Fig. 8 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Antennenfeldes gemäß einer fünften Ausführungsform, -
Fig. 9 eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Antennenfeldes gemäß einer sechsten Ausführungsform, -
Fig. 10 einen Querschnitt durch einen Vorsprung.
-
Fig. 1 a schematic representation of an incident sun ray; -
Fig. 2 the basic structure of an antenna system according to a first embodiment, -
Fig. 3 the basic structure of an antenna system according to a second embodiment, -
Fig. 4 a perspective view of an antenna array according to a first embodiment, -
Fig. 5 a perspective view of an antenna array according to a second embodiment, -
Fig. 6 a perspective view of an antenna array according to a third embodiment, -
Fig. 7 a perspective view of an antenna array according to a fourth embodiment, -
Fig. 8 a perspective view of an antenna array according to a fifth embodiment, -
Fig. 9 a perspective view of an antenna array according to a sixth embodiment, -
Fig. 10 a cross section through a projection.
Beide Antennensysteme 10, 110 sind um ihre Längsachse drehbar, wobei hierbei eine Drehung zwischen dem Sockelfuß 12 und dem Antennenfeld erfolgt. Bei dem Antennenfeld handelt es sich um ein Phased Array Antennenfeld. Die Schutzplatten 16 bestehen jeweils aus einem Material, das für Radarwellen durchlässig ist.Both
Bei den in den
Die beiden ersten Rahmenabschnitte 30 und 130 sorgen dafür, dass seitlich schräg einfallende Sonnenstrahlen auf den Vorsprung treffen und somit nicht mehr auf die Oberfläche der Schutzplatte gelangen, wo sie reflektiert werden können. Der Vorsprung bildet hierdurch für seitlich schräg einfallende Sonnenstrahlen eine Beschattung.The two
Hierbei bildet der zweite Rahmenabschnitt 232 eine Fortsetzung des ersten Rahmenabschnitts 230 und ist einstückig mit dem ersten Rahmenabschnitt 230 ausgebildet. Der Ansatz 234 weist ein freies Ende auf und der Abstand zwischen dem freien Ende des Ansatzes 234 und dem unteren Rand 20 der Schutzplatte 16 beträgt mindestens 20 cm.Here, the
Bei dieser Ausführungsform wird zusätzlich die Reflexion von Sonnenstrahlen, die von oben auf die Schutzplatte 16 gelangen, verhindert.In this embodiment, in addition, the reflection of sun rays, which reach from the top of the
Das Vorsehen eines Vorsprungs am oberen Rand 18 der Schutzplatte 16 sorgt für eine Beschattung der Schutzplatte 16 bei Sonnenstrahlen, die von oben auf die Schutzplatte 16 treffen.The provision of a projection on the
In den
Bei nicht im Detail dargestellten Ausführungsformen eines Antennenfeldes kann der Vorsprung 28, 128, 228, 328, 428, 528 der
In
Anstelle des rechteckigen Querschnitts des Basisabschnitts ist auch ein sich nach unten konisch erweiternder Basisabschnitt einsetzbar.Instead of the rectangular cross-section of the base section, a downwardly conically widening base section can also be used.
Bei einer Antennenfeldgröße von ca. 4 m x 8 m weist der Querschnitt des Vorsprungs üblicherweise eine Höhe von 40 bis 60 cm und an dem Endabschnitt, an dem er mit dem Antennenfeld verbunden ist, eine Breite von 4 bis 10 cm auf. Hierbei wird verhindert, dass Sonnenstrahlen mit einem Einfallswinkel von größer oder gleich 80° auf das Antennenfeld 18 gelangen.With an antenna array size of about 4 m x 8 m, the cross section of the projection usually has a height of 40 to 60 cm and at the end portion, where it is connected to the antenna array, a width of 4 to 10 cm. This prevents sun rays with an incident angle greater than or equal to 80 ° reach the
Der erste Rahmenabschnitt 30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530 und der zweite Rahmenabschnitt 232 sowie die Schutzplatte 16 bestehen aus einem für den Wellenlängenbereich von etwa 0,4 µm bis 5,0 µm opaken Material, wie etwa einem PU-Schaum mit einer Hartpapieroberfläche. Zuletzt genanntes Material ist für die im Radar verwendeten Wellenlängen durchlässig und somit optimal für den Einsatz der Antennensysteme als Radarsysteme geeignet.The
Der erste Rahmenabschnitt 30, 230, 330, 530 ist bei den Ausführungsformen, bei denen der Rahmenabschnitt 30, 230, 330, 530 auf der Schutzplatte 16 angeordnet ist, mit der Schutzplatte 16 verklebt. Es versteht sich, dass auch andere dem Fachmann bekannte Verbindungstechniken eingesetzt werden können, um den ersten Rahmenabschnitt 30, 230, 330, 530 an der Schutzplatte 16 zu befestigen. Darüber hinaus können die Schutzplatte 16 und der erste Rahmenabschnitt 30, 130, 230, 330, 530 einstückig ausgebildet sein.The
Darüber hinaus ist die Oberfläche des ersten Rahmenabschnitts 30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530 und des zweiten Rahmenabschnitts 232 an den Außenseiten, an denen Sonnenstrahlung auftreffen kann, strukturiert und matt lackiert, um spekulare Reflexionen an dem ersten Rahmenabschnitt 30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530 und dem zweiten Rahmenabschnitt 232 zu verhindern. Die Oberflächen des ersten Rahmenabschnitts 30, 130, 230, 330, 430, 530 und des zweiten Rahmenabschnitts 232, die innen liegen und nicht den einfallenden Sonnenstrahlen ausgesetzt sind, sind glatt gestaltet.In addition, the surface of the
Im Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung kann der Vorsprung vollständig oder abschnittsweise entlang eines oder mehrerer Ränder ausgebildet sein. Hierbei ist nicht ausgeschlossen, dass der Vorsprung auch am unteren Rand vorgesehen sein kann.In the context of the present invention, the projection may be formed completely or in sections along one or more edges. It is not excluded that the projection can also be provided at the bottom.
Bei nicht dargestellten Ausführungsformen sind die Merkmale der dargestellten Ausführungsformen miteinander kombiniert, wobei einzelne Merkmale auch weggelassen werden können. So kann beispielsweise der in
Allen Ausführungsformen ist gemeinsam, dass der erste und/oder zweite Rahmenabschnitt die Schutzplatte bezüglich schräg einfallender Sonnenstrahlen beschattet, so dass keine weit reichenden Sonnenreflexionen auftreten. Besonders vorteilhaft ist es hierbei, dass zumindest am rechten und linken Rand der Schutzplatte ein Vorsprung vorgesehen ist, da hierbei die Reflexion von den besonders störenden seitlich einfallenden Sonnenstrahlen verhindert wird. Da der erste und/oder zweite Rahmenabschnitt unmittelbar an der Schutzplatte angeordnet sind, drehen diese sich bei drehbar ausgelegten Antennensystemen mit, so dass die gewünschte Beschattung in jeder Stellung des Antennensystems gewährleistet ist.All embodiments have in common that the first and / or second frame section shadows the protective plate with respect to obliquely incident solar rays, so that no far-reaching solar reflections occur. It is particularly advantageous in this case that at least on the right and left edges of the protective plate, a projection is provided, since in this case the reflection of the particularly disturbing laterally incident sunbeams is prevented. Since the first and / or second frame portion are arranged directly on the protective plate, they rotate with rotatable antenna systems, so that the desired shading is ensured in any position of the antenna system.
Claims (13)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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DE202017102612.4U DE202017102612U1 (en) | 2017-05-03 | 2017-05-03 | antenna system |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3399592A1 true EP3399592A1 (en) | 2018-11-07 |
EP3399592B1 EP3399592B1 (en) | 2020-06-17 |
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EP18168679.1A Active EP3399592B1 (en) | 2017-05-03 | 2018-04-23 | Antenna system |
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DE (1) | DE202017102612U1 (en) |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002035646A1 (en) * | 2000-10-26 | 2002-05-02 | Advanced Automotive Antennas, S.L. | Integrated multiservice car antenna |
EP1600727A2 (en) * | 2004-05-26 | 2005-11-30 | EADS Deutschland GmbH | Device to conceal specular reflective surfaces |
-
2017
- 2017-05-03 DE DE202017102612.4U patent/DE202017102612U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2018
- 2018-04-23 EP EP18168679.1A patent/EP3399592B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2002035646A1 (en) * | 2000-10-26 | 2002-05-02 | Advanced Automotive Antennas, S.L. | Integrated multiservice car antenna |
EP1600727A2 (en) * | 2004-05-26 | 2005-11-30 | EADS Deutschland GmbH | Device to conceal specular reflective surfaces |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE202017102612U1 (en) | 2017-06-21 |
EP3399592B1 (en) | 2020-06-17 |
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