EP3394310A1 - Échangeur de chaleur destiné au chauffage de gaz et utilisation de l'échangeur de chaleur - Google Patents

Échangeur de chaleur destiné au chauffage de gaz et utilisation de l'échangeur de chaleur

Info

Publication number
EP3394310A1
EP3394310A1 EP16825390.4A EP16825390A EP3394310A1 EP 3394310 A1 EP3394310 A1 EP 3394310A1 EP 16825390 A EP16825390 A EP 16825390A EP 3394310 A1 EP3394310 A1 EP 3394310A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
gas
drying
heat
exchanger according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP16825390.4A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3394310B1 (fr
Inventor
Oskar Stephan
Karl-Friedrich SCHNEIDER
Matthias Weismantel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BASF SE
Original Assignee
BASF SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by BASF SE filed Critical BASF SE
Publication of EP3394310A1 publication Critical patent/EP3394310A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3394310B1 publication Critical patent/EP3394310B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F19/00—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers
    • F28F19/02—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings
    • F28F19/06—Preventing the formation of deposits or corrosion, e.g. by using filters or scrapers by using coatings, e.g. vitreous or enamel coatings of metal
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/04—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor characterised by the coating material
    • C23C2/06—Zinc or cadmium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
    • C23C2/26—After-treatment
    • C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B17/00—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement
    • F26B17/02—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by belts carrying the materials; with movement performed by belts or elements attached to endless belts or chains propelling the materials over stationary surfaces
    • F26B17/04—Machines or apparatus for drying materials in loose, plastic, or fluidised form, e.g. granules, staple fibres, with progressive movement with movement performed by belts carrying the materials; with movement performed by belts or elements attached to endless belts or chains propelling the materials over stationary surfaces the belts being all horizontal or slightly inclined
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B21/00—Arrangements or duct systems, e.g. in combination with pallet boxes, for supplying and controlling air or gases for drying solid materials or objects
    • F26B21/02—Circulating air or gases in closed cycles, e.g. wholly within the drying enclosure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F26B3/04—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour circulating over or surrounding the materials or objects to be dried
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F26—DRYING
    • F26B—DRYING SOLID MATERIALS OR OBJECTS BY REMOVING LIQUID THEREFROM
    • F26B3/00—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat
    • F26B3/02—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air
    • F26B3/10—Drying solid materials or objects by processes involving the application of heat by convection, i.e. heat being conveyed from a heat source to the materials or objects to be dried by a gas or vapour, e.g. air the gas or vapour carrying the materials or objects to be dried with it

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a heat exchanger for heating gas to a temperature in the range of 150 to 400 ° C, wherein the gas is heated by indirect heat transfer.
  • heating gas to a temperature higher than 150 ° C is required when the gas is used as the drying gas.
  • Such applications are, for example, dryers in superabsorbent production.
  • For the production of superabsorbers two different processes are known.
  • the preparation in a mixing kneader wherein the superabsorbent thus prepared is dried in a belt dryer in a subsequent step and on the other polymerized in a spray tower, in which the monomer solution is sprayed in countercurrent to a drying gas, during the fall in the spray tower to superabsorbent particles and is dried at the same time.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a heat exchanger which does not have the disadvantages known from the prior art.
  • the object is achieved by a heat exchanger for heating gas to a temperature in the range of 150 to 400 ° C, wherein the gas is heated by indirect heat transfer, wherein all surfaces of the walls of the heat exchanger, which come into contact with the gas are hot dip galvanized and the surfaces in contact with the gas after hot-dip galvanizing at a temperature in the range of 400 to 750 ° C are heat treated.
  • the heat treatment following the hot-dip galvanizing has surprisingly shown that the zinc coating remains stable and the Kirkendall effect does not occur even when the gas is heated to a temperature in the range from 150 to 400 ° C. and the coating remains intact.
  • the heat exchanger in the production of superabsorbers, it is prevented that the superabsorbent particles are contaminated by stripping zinc layers.
  • the components of the heat exchanger to be galvanized are first immersed in a bath of molten zinc after an appropriate pretreatment.
  • zinc deposits on the surface of the heat exchanger and connects to the surface.
  • the material from which the heat exchanger is made is stable to the temperatures of the hot dip galvanizing.
  • Suitable materials are therefore especially metals.
  • the walls of the heat exchanger are made of sheet steel.
  • the heat exchanger After cooling and solidification of the zinc coating produced by the hot-dip galvanizing, the heat exchanger according to the invention a heat treatment at a temperature in the range of 400 to 750 ° C, preferably in the range of 525 to 575 ° C, for example at an average component temperature of 550 ° C, subjected.
  • the duration of the heat treatment at a temperature of more than 525 ° C is preferably in the range of 1 to 5 minutes, in particular in the range of 2 to 3 minutes.
  • the duration of the heat treatment is extended up to 90 minutes.
  • the required duration of the heat treatment must be adjusted accordingly and decreases with increasing temperature.
  • the heat treatment can be carried out in any oven known to the person skilled in the art.
  • Suitable furnaces are for example continuous furnaces.
  • the heat exchanger can have any type of heat exchanger known to the person skilled in the art, in which an indirect heat transfer takes place.
  • the heating of the gas can be done in cocurrent, countercurrent, cross flow or any combination thereof. Typical variants are for example cross-countercurrent or cross-direct current.
  • Suitable heat exchangers are, for example, plate heat exchangers, tube bundle heat exchangers or spiral heat exchangers.
  • indirect heat transfer is meant that heat is transferred from a hot fluid to a colder fluid, wherein the hot fluid and the colder fluid are separated by a wall. As a result, the heat transfer takes place through the wall of the heat exchanger.
  • the gas is the colder
  • the hot fluid used is a suitable heat transfer medium whose temperature is above the temperature to which the gas is to be heated.
  • a suitable heat transfer medium whose temperature is above the temperature to which the gas is to be heated.
  • superheated steam, a thermal oil suitable for the temperature, an ionic liquid or a salt melt are suitable as the heat transfer medium.
  • Preferred as the heat transfer medium is superheated steam.
  • the surface coming into contact with the gas to be heated is as large as possible.
  • the ribs are preferably soldered to the wall or welded to the wall.
  • Bonding of the ribs to the wall is generally less advantageous since conventional polymer-based adhesives on the one hand do not withstand the temperatures and, on the other hand, polymers have poorer thermal conductivity than metals, so that the effect of the increased heat transfer surface through the ribs during bonding only very small. Also, a connection of the ribs by screws or rivets is not advantageous because it can not be ensured in this case that the ribs completely against the wall. If a gap between wall and rib is established, it is flowed through by the gas to be heated, wherein the gas to be heated has a much lower thermal conductivity than metal, so that the ribs in these areas can not assume the surface temperature of the wall and so also the Effect by the ribs does not occur. While galvanizing usually also zinc flows into a possible gap between the ribs and the wall, but this can not be ensured that the gap is closed by the galvanizing.
  • the invention further relates to the use of such a heat exchanger.
  • the heat exchanger is used for drying superabsorber particles.
  • Superabsorbents are materials that can absorb and store many times their mass of liquid.
  • Superabsorbents are typically polymers based on polyacrylate or polymethacrylate, also referred to hereinafter as poly (meth) acrylate. These are usually off Esters of acrylic acid or methacrylic acid and suitable, known to those skilled crosslinkers.
  • the educts used for the preparation of the poly (meth) acrylates and their reaction in a mixing kneader are described, for example, in WO 2006/034853 A1.
  • the heat exchanger is used in a belt dryer for drying superabsorbent particles.
  • the superabsorbent is prepared in a reactor, removed from the reactor and then dried in a belt dryer.
  • the reactor used in this case is usually a mixing kneader.
  • the educts for the production of the superabsorber are added to this.
  • the mixing kneader the reactants are converted to superabsorbent, forming a highly viscous mass. This mass is torn with suitable kneading bars in the mixing kneader.
  • the product is a coarse-grained material.
  • the superabsorbent material is distributed on a drying belt of the belt dryer and with a gas having a temperature of preferably at least 50 ° C, more preferably at least 100 ° C, most preferably at least 150 ° C, and preferably up to 250 ° C, especially preferably up to 220 ° C, very particularly preferably up to 200 ° C overflowed.
  • a gas having a temperature of preferably at least 50 ° C, more preferably at least 100 ° C, most preferably at least 150 ° C, and preferably up to 250 ° C, especially preferably up to 220 ° C, very particularly preferably up to 200 ° C overflowed.
  • the gas for example, air or inert gases to the superabsorbent material, for example, nitrogen, can be used. However, the use of air as the drying gas is preferred.
  • the drying gas is heated in the heat exchanger according to the invention to the temperature required for drying.
  • the heat exchanger can be arranged within the belt dryer, for example, below the drying belt. Alternatively, it is also possible to position the heat exchanger outside of the belt dryer and to supply the gas heated in the heat exchanger on one side of the belt dryer, remove it at another position again from the belt dryer and feed it back to the heat exchanger. Here, the drying gas is circulated. If the heat exchanger is arranged outside the belt dryer, this has the advantage that a suitable particle separator can be positioned between belt dryer and heat exchanger in order to remove entrained superabsorbent particles from the gas stream. Suitable particle separators are, for example, cyclones or filters.
  • the heated drying gas rises and flows around from below the superabsorber particles. In this case, the gas cools down and flows down again, so that adjusts a gas flow in the belt dryer.
  • This has the advantage over a heat exchanger positioned outside the dryer that no large gas flows have to be circulated by means of a suitable blower and conducted through the heat exchanger, since natural convection occurs.
  • the disadvantage is that it is not possible to separate superabsorber particles from the gas, which flows through the heat exchanger and is heated therein. In both variants, however, it is necessary to remove some of the gas from the process in order to remove the water absorbed during drying. When all the gas is circulated, the water liberated during drying accumulates in the gas and the water concentration becomes higher and higher until no more effective drying is possible.
  • the superabsorbent particles are ground and fed to post-crosslinking and drying. Finally, the superabsorbent particles are classified according to size, whereby a screening machine with several screen decks is usually used for this purpose. Superabsorbent particles that are too small are reintroduced into the mixing kneader, so that they mix with the resulting superabsorbent mass and thus sufficiently large particles can be produced. Superabsorbent particles that are too large are returned to the mill and subjected to the grinding process again to further crush them.
  • the superabsorbent particles are prepared in a spray tower.
  • the educts used for the production of the superabsorbent are first mixed and then dripped into a spray tower, whereby drops are generated whose size is selected so that the superabsorbent particles formed in the spray tower from the droplets by reaction of the starting materials of the desired specification.
  • the drops fall from top to bottom while simultaneously supplying a drying gas.
  • the drying gas is heated to a temperature which is necessary for the production of the superabsorber and its subsequent drying.
  • the addition of the drying gas can be done in cocurrent or in countercurrent.
  • drying gas is supplied at the top of the spray tower above the feed point for the educts.
  • the liquid starting materials in the drops are converted to the superabsorbent polymer. This produces superabsorbent particles whose size essentially corresponds to the size of the drops.
  • the drops fall into a fluidized bed at the bottom of the spray tower, in which drying gas is supplied from below. The post-polymerization is carried out in the fluidized bed.
  • drying gas is supplied both from above and from below, there is above the fluidized bed a gas sampling point, in which the drying gas is withdrawn from the spray tower. Since entrained superabsorbent particles are contained in the drying gas, this is freed of solids contained therein.
  • cyclones and / or filters can be used for this purpose.
  • the drying gas is typically circulated, whereby a portion of the drying gas must be removed to keep the water content in the drying gas constant.
  • this requires a lot of energy, so that this only makes sense if a different gas from air, for example nitrogen is used as the drying gas. If air is used as the drying gas, is It is possible to remove a part as exhaust gas from the process and at the same time to replace the discharged amount with fresh air.
  • the heat exchanger described above is used.
  • the heat exchanger is preferably located at a position in the drying gas cycle behind the removal of the solids.
  • the heating of the drying gas for the belt dryer or for the spray dryer is effected by heat transfer from a heat transfer medium to the drying gas in the heat exchanger.
  • a heat transfer medium for example, a thermal oil, an ionic liquid, a molten salt or steam is suitable.
  • Particularly preferred as the heat transfer medium is steam, wherein both saturated steam and superheated steam can be used.
  • the heat exchanger according to the invention can also be used in any other processes in which a gas must be heated to a temperature of more than 150 ° C, the gas compared to the materials commonly used for heat exchangers Contains corrosive or abrasive components and is created by a coating with zinc, a surface that is not attacked by the components contained in the gas, so that on the one hand no contamination is removed by the heat exchanger abraded material in the gas and on the other a corrosion of réelleübertra - Gers is prevented and thus the life of the heat exchanger is extended.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
  • Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un échangeur de chaleur permettant de chauffer du gaz à une température comprise entre 150 et 400°C, le gaz étant chauffé par transfert de chaleur indirect ; toutes les aires des parois de l'échangeur de chaleur, qui viennent en contact avec le gaz, sont galvanisées par trempé et les aires qui viennent en contact avec le gaz après la galvanisation au trempé, sont soumises à un traitement thermique à une température comprise entre 400 et 750°C. L'invention concerne également une utilisation de l'échangeur de chaleur.
EP16825390.4A 2015-12-23 2016-12-21 Utilisation d'échangeur de chaleur Active EP3394310B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15202312 2015-12-23
PCT/EP2016/082073 WO2017108888A1 (fr) 2015-12-23 2016-12-21 Échangeur de chaleur destiné au chauffage de gaz et utilisation de l'échangeur de chaleur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3394310A1 true EP3394310A1 (fr) 2018-10-31
EP3394310B1 EP3394310B1 (fr) 2023-12-06

Family

ID=55077361

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16825390.4A Active EP3394310B1 (fr) 2015-12-23 2016-12-21 Utilisation d'échangeur de chaleur

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (2) US20190003789A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3394310B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6877436B2 (fr)
CN (1) CN108541274B (fr)
WO (1) WO2017108888A1 (fr)

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US20190003789A1 (en) 2015-12-23 2019-01-03 Basf Se Heat exchanger for heating gas and use of the heat exchanger
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US20190003789A1 (en) 2019-01-03
US11933552B2 (en) 2024-03-19
WO2017108888A1 (fr) 2017-06-29
JP2019505673A (ja) 2019-02-28
CN108541274B (zh) 2021-01-15
US20220187034A1 (en) 2022-06-16
CN108541274A (zh) 2018-09-14
KR20180097578A (ko) 2018-08-31
JP6877436B2 (ja) 2021-05-26
EP3394310B1 (fr) 2023-12-06

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