EP3391388B1 - Cable and method for producing the cable - Google Patents

Cable and method for producing the cable Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3391388B1
EP3391388B1 EP16822437.6A EP16822437A EP3391388B1 EP 3391388 B1 EP3391388 B1 EP 3391388B1 EP 16822437 A EP16822437 A EP 16822437A EP 3391388 B1 EP3391388 B1 EP 3391388B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
cable
sheath
sheath layer
plastic
Prior art date
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Application number
EP16822437.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3391388A1 (en
Inventor
Florian Angerer
Johannes HALLMEYER
Uwe RUDORF
Simone Streit
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Leoni Kabel GmbH
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Leoni Kabel GmbH
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Publication of EP3391388A1 publication Critical patent/EP3391388A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/02—Disposition of insulation
    • H01B7/0208—Cables with several layers of insulating material
    • H01B7/0216—Two layers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
    • H01B7/282—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable
    • H01B7/2825—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable using a water impermeable sheath
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/22—Sheathing; Armouring; Screening; Applying other protective layers
    • H01B13/24—Sheathing; Armouring; Screening; Applying other protective layers by extrusion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/302—Polyurethanes or polythiourethanes; Polyurea or polythiourea
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
    • H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
    • H01B3/448—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from other vinyl compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/14—Submarine cables
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
    • H01B7/295—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to flame

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cable and a method for producing such a cable.
  • the invention is based on the object of specifying a cable and a method for producing the cable, the cable being used in moist or wet environments and also for digital signal transmissions, especially when used as an underwater cable, such as, for example, Booting is suitable.
  • a water- and fire-resistant data transmission cable with a sheath consisting of two sheath layers, each containing inorganic components, can be found.
  • the inner layer is for good resistance to moisture and the outer layer is designed as a fire-resistant layer.
  • silane-based additives are provided for integrating the inorganic constituents into the respective polymer matrix.
  • a water- and fire-resistant cable with a multi-layer jacket can also be found.
  • Magnesium hydroxide for example, is incorporated in the outer jacket layer.
  • An additive supports its integration into the polymer matrix.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by a cable with the features of claim 1.
  • the object is further achieved by a method with the features of claim 14.
  • the cable has a central element and a cable jacket designed as a double jacket, which has a first, inner and hydrophobic jacket layer and a second, outer jacket layer applied thereon, which consists of a plastic that is different from the first jacket layer.
  • a firm connection is formed between the two jacket layers.
  • at least one of the two jacket layers, in particular the inner jacket layer is chemically functionalized.
  • the surface of at least one of the jacket layers, especially the surface of the inner jacket layer is activated during manufacture, so that the two different jacket layers form a firm connection.
  • connection is in particular a form-tight and pressure-tight connection.
  • “Dense connection” is generally understood to mean that water which penetrates through the second, outer jacket layer to the first, inner jacket layer cannot flow in the longitudinal direction between the two jacket layers. Such ingress of water would also be possible at the end of the cable, for example on a connector. Such a flow between the sheath layers would lead to the possibility that moisture could get into an end connector connected to the cable.
  • Pressure tightness also means that both layers are firmly connected with one another without a gap. There is no gap between the two jacket layers. At low and high pressures, water cannot flow in the longitudinal direction between the two jacket layers or in the transverse direction from the outer jacket layer into a gap between the two jacket layers.
  • the connection of the two jacket layers is such that the two jacket layers cannot be prepared manually or independently under pressure for a peeling test, that is, they can be separated
  • Activation of the surface is generally understood to mean that in the area of the parting plane between the two jacket layers, at least in one of the jacket layers, a special measure is carried out during manufacture in order to achieve the desired tight, firm connection.
  • the plastic for the first, inner hydrophobic layer is a non-polar polyolefin plastic.
  • these are in particular PE, PP, in particular a medium density polyethylene is used, which typically has a density in the range between 0.93 and 0.94 g / cm 3 .
  • a polyolefinic copolymer, a polyolefinic elastomer or a polyolefinic blend is used.
  • a polyethylene copolymer, EPDM, EVA or EO (ethylene-octene copolymer) or a polyethylene elastomer (for example an ethylene-octene copolymer) is used.
  • the hydrophobic property of the inner jacket layer due to the non-polar property of the plastic ensures that the inner jacket layer is watertight.
  • a non-hydrophobic, polar plastic is used for the outer layer, which is typically softer than that of the inner layer.
  • a polyurethane and in particular a polyether polyurethane is preferably used for the outer jacket layer. This ensures that it can be assembled, that is, the (tight) attachment of a connector or connector housing.
  • the outer polyurethane jacket layer can be cast in a pressure-tight manner in connectors and housings.
  • the two jacket layers Due to the different material properties of the two jacket layers, in particular since the plastic of the inner jacket layer is a non-polar plastic, the two jacket layers do not bond, or only insufficiently, in conventional extrusion without further measures.
  • the chemical functionalization of the plastic according to the invention achieves the desired (longitudinal water) tight material connection with the outer jacket layer.
  • Chemical functionalization or modification is generally understood to mean the addition of an additive to the non-polar polyolefinic plastic, which brings about a chemical connection or reaction with constituents of the material of the outer jacket layer.
  • chemically reactive groups are added to the (base) material of the jacket layer.
  • a catalyst system is also introduced in the outer jacket layer in order to support a chemical reaction between the two jacket layers.
  • the chemical functionalization takes place in the inner layer and the addition of the catalyst in the outer layer.
  • a silane-modified polyolefinic plastic is preferably used for the chemically functionalized cladding layer.
  • a polymer is added to the polyolefin of the (inner) cladding layer, which is reactively equipped with silicon-functional groups. In one variant, this is a silane-crosslinkable polymer.
  • silane compound or "silane” is referred to in the following, this means in particular a chemical functionalization with such reactive silicon-functional groups.
  • a polymer is used for the plastic of the inner jacket layer, which is copolymerized with a reactive silicon-functional compound.
  • the reactive, silicon-functional compound is, for example, an organoalkoxysilane.
  • the reactive silicon functional group is alternatively applied to the polyolefin by chemical grafting of an organo and silicon functional compound.
  • the organo and silicon functional group is in particular a vinyl silane, for example vinyl trimethoxysilane or vinyl triethoxysilane or a similar organosilane compound.
  • vinylsilane is referred to below, this is to be understood as meaning a silicon-functional vinylsilane, in particular vinyltrimethoxysilane or vinyltriethoxysilane.
  • the hydrolysis-sensitive group (alkoxy, halogen, amino, etc.) can change to a silanol group in a moist environment.
  • the silanol groups can then react further in a condensation reaction to form a siloxane compound.
  • the first coat layer is preferably activated after the application (extrusion) of the first coat layer, in particular by corona treatment or also by plasma radiation, before the outer coat layer is subsequently extruded in a second, separate operation.
  • a polarization of the surface, in particular of the polyolefin plastic of the inner cladding layer, is preferably provided. This measure creates a good connection with the polar polyurethane.
  • the formation of so-called oxidation radicals is also provided in a preferred embodiment.
  • the polarization of the surface and / or the formation of radicals is preferably carried out by the corona treatment or by the plasma treatment, in particular of the inner polyolefinic jacket layer.
  • the surface of the jacket layer is generally exposed to an electrical discharge for a short time (fraction of a second). This results in a modification of the plastic close to the surface. Specifically, an oxygen enrichment takes place in a layer near the surface, as a result of which the oxidation radicals are formed overall.
  • the inner jacket layer is activated after its extrusion, before the outer jacket layer is subsequently extruded.
  • a silane-modified, polyolefinic plastic is preferably used, preferably a polyolefin copolymerized with a silicon-functional vinylsilane, especially a polyolefin copolymerized with vinyltrialkoxysilane (or comparable silanes).
  • This is especially a polyethylene, especially a medium density polyethylene (PE-MD).
  • the polyolefin polymer is grafted with a reactive silane group, for example an alkoxylsilane compound.
  • the chemical functionalization can also be carried out by applying a silane-containing adhesion promoter, that is to say an adhesion promoter which contains silicon-functional silanes, to the coating layer.
  • a silane-containing adhesion promoter that is to say an adhesion promoter which contains silicon-functional silanes
  • an alternative to silane modification is added to the polyolefin polymer, in particular a medium-density polyethylene, a maleic acid or a comparable acid.
  • a maleic anhydride is added in particular during the production.
  • the chemical functionalization takes place during production preferably by processing polymer blends / polymer blends in the extrusion.
  • a weight fraction of a (blend) partner is added to the polyolefinic polymer for the jacket material to form the chemically functionalized polyolefinic polymer (in particular a thermoplastic, e.g. EVA, PP, PE, grafted with maleic anhydride and / or silicon-functional silanes).
  • the proportion of the blend partner metered in is preferably in the range between 1-50% by weight and in particular in the range of 5-20% by weight.
  • the weight fraction of the silicon-functional silanes is generally preferably in the range between 0.1-5.0% by weight.
  • the proportion by weight added is generally in the range between 0.1 to 3.0% by weight.
  • the weight percentages given are based in each case on the total weight of the materials used for the respective jacket layer, in particular the inner jacket layer, during manufacture, that is to say based on the starting materials.
  • the catalyst system is generally integrated in the outer jacket layers, which preferably supports the chemical reaction at room temperature and / or under the influence of moisture, or also without moisture.
  • the catalyst system is preferably a Bronsted or a Lewis acid.
  • a sulfonic acid for example dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, such as is obtained, for example, from the DE 694 23 002 T2 can be seen.
  • an organotin compound is used for the catalyst system.
  • the catalyst system is introduced into the outer, second jacket layer.
  • the proportion by weight of the catalyst system metered in during production is preferably in the range from 0.01 to 5.0% by weight and in particular in the range from 0.01 to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the starting components for the shell layer.
  • a combination of corona activation of the inner, chemically functionalized polyolefinic sheath layer is particularly preferred - in particular of a medium density PE and copolymerized with vinylsilane, e.g. Vinylaloxysilane or grafted with silane groups (silicon-functional silanes or reactive silane groups) - with the integration of the catalyst system into the outer polyurethane jacket layer.
  • vinylsilane e.g. Vinylaloxysilane or grafted with silane groups (silicon-functional silanes or reactive silane groups)
  • the value of the insulation resistance of the first, inner jacket layer is at least 10 times greater than the insulation resistance of the second, outer jacket layer.
  • the cable has an overall diameter that is between 5 mm and 45 mm, depending on the application.
  • the cable is, in particular, a data cable, preferably with a plurality of data channels, each of which is formed, for example, by a pair of wires.
  • the wall thickness of the inner jacket layer is preferably between 0.1 mm for a small overall diameter and 1.5 mm for a large overall diameter.
  • the wall thickness preferably increases proportionally or at least approximately proportionally to the overall diameter.
  • the outer wall thickness of the outer jacket layer is preferably between 0.2 mm for a small overall diameter to 2.0 mm for a large overall diameter.
  • the wall thickness preferably increases proportionally or at least approximately proportionally to the overall diameter.
  • the outer wall thickness is preferably greater than the inner wall thickness, in particular by a factor of 1.5 to 2.5.
  • the cable is preferably pressure-resistant for several 10 bar, in particular up to at least 100 bar, especially also resistant to pressure changes.
  • a flame-retardant plastic mixture in particular an ether-based polyurethane, optionally with a flame retardant additive, is preferably used for one, preferably for both, the outer layers.
  • the jacket is sufficiently tight overall and further measures for sealing are preferably dispensed with.
  • no separating layer is arranged between the two jacket layers and there is also no swelling fleece or fillers.
  • the cable is generally preferably used in damp or wet environments, in particular also under considerable pressure, especially as an underwater cable, for example in submarines.
  • the cable is also used as a floor cable for laying in the ground (earth) or for laying in, for example, water-bearing or water-containing areas, such as ducts, containers or water-bearing soil.
  • the cable is designed and used in particular as a data cable, via which data signals are transmitted during operation.
  • the data cable ensures the secure transmission of digital signals.
  • the inner polyethylene layer with a low saturation rate is important for this.
  • the outer polyurethane layer is essential for this.
  • the chemical functionalization with the corona treatment ensures that the two jacket layers are connected to one another in a pressure-tight manner, so that water does not flow between the two jacket layers, for example in the event of superficial jacket damage or leaks in the connector.
  • this shows a cross section through a cable 2 with a central element 4, which is surrounded by a double-walled jacket 6.
  • This has an inner jacket layer 8, which is applied directly to the central element 4, in particular by extrusion.
  • the inner jacket layer 8 is directly surrounded by an outer jacket layer 10, which is also preferably applied to the inner jacket layer 8 by extrusion.
  • the jacket 6 has a total thickness D which is in the range between 5 mm and 45 mm.
  • the inner jacket layer 8 has an inner wall thickness d1 in the range from 0.1 mm to 1.5 mm.
  • the outer jacket layer 10 has an outer wall thickness d2 in the range from 0.2 mm to 2 mm.
  • the structure can be surrounded by a further outer sheath or a plurality of such cables 2, in particular also in combination with other elements, form a composite which is surrounded by a common outer sheath.
  • the outer jacket layer 10 preferably forms an outer jacket.
  • the central element 4 is in particular a cable core made up of individual cable elements.
  • the cable 2 is a data cable with several data transmission wires that form the cable core 4.
  • the data transmission elements are, in particular, electrical line wires, which are preferably arranged in pairs for symmetrical data transmission.
  • a respective pair of wires is stranded or stranded and provided with or without a pair shield.
  • optical transmission elements can also be integrated.
  • a diffusion of water into the central element 4 is avoided or at least reduced sufficiently by selecting a plastic as the jacket material for the inner jacket layer 8, which has a very low diffusion and has saturation rate.
  • a plastic as the jacket material for the inner jacket layer 8, which has a very low diffusion and has saturation rate.
  • Halogen-free, polyolefinic materials with hydrophobic properties such as polyethylene, polypropylene or polyolefinic elastomers (POE), are particularly suitable here.
  • a soft polyurethane preferably with a Shore hardness between 64D and 95A, is used for the outer jacket layer .
  • Activation is preferably carried out by corona machining the inner layer of the polyolefin material with the water-repellent properties.
  • plasma processing is provided.
  • oxidation radicals are formed and / or the surface is polarized.
  • an adhesion promoter or an adhesive is applied.
  • the polyolefinic material is modified for chemical functionalization.
  • polyolefinic materials are used which are grafted with maleic anhydride.
  • polyolefinic materials are used which are grafted or copolymerized with reactive or functionalized or silicon-functional silanes (e.g. alkoxysilane compounds).
  • a medium density polyethylene is used which is copolymerized or grafted with vinylsilane, in particular vinylalkosysilane.
  • the formation of the tight connection between the jacket layers 6, 8 is additionally supported by a catalyst system introduced into the outer jacket layer 8.
  • a catalyst system introduced into the outer jacket layer 8.
  • an organotin compound, but preferably a sulfonic acid is incorporated into the material for the outer jacket layer 10 as the catalyst system.
  • the corona-activated polyolefinic coating layer reacts with the amide groups of the urethane group and this is accelerated by the catalyst which has been added to the polyurethane coating.
  • a cable 2 with a silane-modified inner jacket layer 8 with an outer TPU jacket layer 10 with a sulfonic acid as a catalyst system was produced.
  • the diameter of the central element (cable core 4) was 14 mm.
  • the inner wall thickness d1 was approx. 1 mm.
  • the corona electrodes were positioned in such a way that they covered the entire circumference of the cable. 3 electrodes are preferably used.
  • the corona voltage was 7 kV.
  • the corona treatment is carried out inline subsequently to the extrusion of the inner layer 8, ie immediately after the extrusion and continuously during the production. Subsequent to the corona treatment, the outer jacket layer was extruded.
  • the outer jacket layer 10 was extruded at a (line) speed of 2.4 m / min.
  • the outer wall thickness d2 was also about 1mm.
  • the cable 2 is in particular an underwater cable.
  • It has at least one element that has a defined impedance (Ethernet, Cat 6, Cat 7 with 100 ohm elements each; Profibus, Profinet, Canbus with 120 or 150 ohm elements; coaxial cable) and any other elements as a hybrid cable.
  • a defined impedance Ethernet, Cat 6, Cat 7 with 100 ohm elements each; Profibus, Profinet, Canbus with 120 or 150 ohm elements; coaxial cable
  • the inner jacket layer 8 preferably has a PE material, for example HDPE (high density PE), an LDPE (low density PE) and in particular an MDPE (medium density PE) with silane grafting, or a silane copolymer is used.
  • a PE material for example HDPE (high density PE), an LDPE (low density PE) and in particular an MDPE (medium density PE) with silane grafting, or a silane copolymer is used.
  • the inner jacket layer preferably generally has a Shore hardness of 45 D to 65 D.
  • a polyurethane with a Shore hardness of 80A to 64D is used as the preferred material for the outer jacket layer 10.

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  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Kabel sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines solchen Kabels.The invention relates to a cable and a method for producing such a cable.

Bei Kabeln, die in feuchten oder nassen Umgebungen und speziell im Unterwasserbereich eingesetzt werden, ist die Diffusion von Wasser in den Kabelaufbau immer ein Problem, da die als Mantelwerkstoff eingesetzten Kunststoffe nicht komplett wasserdicht sind. Die Wasserdichtheit kann beispielsweise durch die Integration einer metallischen Zwischenschicht in das Kabel erzielt werden, was aber wegen der dann vorhandenen Steifigkeit des Kabels für die meisten Einsatzfälle nicht mehr geeignet wäre. Deshalb können für die Installation der Kabel beispielsweise an U-Booten nur Kabel eingesetzt werden, die über einen Kunststoffmantel verfügen.For cables that are used in damp or wet environments and especially in the underwater area, the diffusion of water into the cable structure is always a problem because the plastics used as the sheath material are not completely waterproof. The watertightness can be achieved, for example, by integrating a metallic intermediate layer in the cable, but this would no longer be suitable for most applications because of the then existing rigidity of the cable. For this reason, only cables with a plastic jacket can be used to install the cables, for example on submarines.

Es ist bekannt, dass Kunststoffe unterschiedliche Diffusions- und Sättigungsraten beim dauerhaften Einsatz im Wasser besitzen. Bekannt sind Kabelkonstruktionen mit einem Schichtenmantel aus unterschiedlichen Polyurethantypen. Diese werden bisher eingesetzt bei Kabeln, die der Übertragung von analogen Signalen dienen, wobei als innere Lage ein härterer Polyurethantyp mit einer geringeren Diffusions- und Sättigungsrate zum Einsatz kommt während die äußere Lage von einem weicheren Polyurethantyp gebildet wird, der sich gut in Steckverbindern und Gehäusen druckdicht vergießen lässt. Dies ist technisch anspruchsvoll, da durch das vielmalige Ab- und Auftauchen des U-Bootes eine ständige Druck- Belastungsänderung zwischen 1 bar (Fahrt an der Wasseroberfläche) und bis zu 100 bar erfolgt, womit der Kabelmantel und vor allem die Verbindung zwischen der inneren und der äußeren Mantelschicht ständigen mechanischen Belastungen ausgesetzt ist.It is known that plastics have different diffusion and saturation rates when used permanently in water. Cable constructions with a layer jacket made of different types of polyurethane are known. These have been used in the past for cables that are used for the transmission of analog signals, the inner layer being a harder polyurethane type with a lower diffusion and saturation rate, while the outer layer is formed by a softer polyurethane type that is well suited for connectors and housings can be cast in a pressure-tight manner. This is technically demanding, as the submersible submersion and submersion often results in a constant change in pressure and load between 1 bar (travel on the water surface) and up to 100 bar, which means the cable sheath and, above all, the connection between the inner and the outer cladding layer is exposed to constant mechanical loads.

Bei neuen (Daten-) Kabeln ist eine digitale Signalübertragung insbesondere mittels Ethernetelementen vorgesehen. Diese Datenkabel (100- Ohm-Elemente) reagieren sehr empfindlich auf Wasser, das in das Kabel diffundiert, mit einer Impedanzänderung. Diese Impedanzänderung ruft wiederum eine Änderung weiterer Übertragungseigenschaften hervor, die zu einer Verschlechterung der Signalqualität bis hin zum Komplettausfall der Signalübertragung führen kann. Ausgehend hiervon liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zu Grunde, ein Kabel sowie ein Verfahren zur Herstellung des Kabels anzugeben, wobei das Kabel für Einsatzzwecke in feuchten oder nassen Umgebungen und auch für digitale Signal-übertragungen, speziell bei der Verwendung als Unterwasserkabel wie beispielsweise bei U-Booten geeignet ist.In the case of new (data) cables, digital signal transmission is provided, in particular by means of Ethernet elements. These data cables (100 ohm elements) are very sensitive to water that diffuses into the cable with a change in impedance. This change in impedance in turn causes a change in further transmission properties, which can lead to a deterioration in the signal quality or even complete failure of the signal transmission. Proceeding from this, the invention is based on the object of specifying a cable and a method for producing the cable, the cable being used in moist or wet environments and also for digital signal transmissions, especially when used as an underwater cable, such as, for example, Booting is suitable.

Aus der WO 98/40895 A1 ist ein wasser- sowie feuerwiderstandsfähiges Datenübertragungskabel mit einem Mantel aus zwei Mantellagen zu entnehmen, die jeweils anorganische Bestandteile enthalten. Die innere Lage ist dabei für eine gute Resistenz gegen Feuchtigkeit und die äußere Lage ist als feuerwiderstandsfähige Lage ausgebildet. Für die Einbindung der anorganischen Bestandteile in die jeweilige Polymermatrix sind beispielsweise silanbasierte Additive vorgesehen.From the WO 98/40895 A1 a water- and fire-resistant data transmission cable with a sheath consisting of two sheath layers, each containing inorganic components, can be found. The inner layer is for good resistance to moisture and the outer layer is designed as a fire-resistant layer. For example, silane-based additives are provided for integrating the inorganic constituents into the respective polymer matrix.

Aus der US 2001/0025720 A1 ist ebenfalls ein wasser- sowie feuerwiderstandsfähiges Kabel mit einem mehrlagigen Mantel zu entnehmen. In der äußeren Mantellage ist beispielsweise Magnesiumhydroxid eingebracht. Über ein Additiv wird dessen Einbindung in die Polymermatrix unterstützt.From the US 2001/0025720 A1 a water- and fire-resistant cable with a multi-layer jacket can also be found. Magnesium hydroxide, for example, is incorporated in the outer jacket layer. An additive supports its integration into the polymer matrix.

Die Aufgabe wird gemäß Erfindung gelöst durch ein Kabel mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Die Aufgabe wird weiterhin gelöst durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 14.The object is achieved according to the invention by a cable with the features of claim 1. The object is further achieved by a method with the features of claim 14.

Bevorzugte Weiterbildungen sind in den Unteransprüchen enthalten. Die im Hinblick auf das Kabel angeführten Vorteile und bevorzugten Ausgestaltungen gelten sinngemäß gleichermaßen für das Verfahren und umgekehrt.Preferred further developments are contained in the subclaims. The advantages and preferred configurations mentioned with regard to the cable apply mutatis mutandis to the method and vice versa.

Das Kabel weist ein Zentralelement sowie einen als Doppelmantel ausgebildeten Kabelmantel auf, welcher eine erste, innere und hydrophobe Mantellage sowie eine auf diese aufgebrachte zweite, äußere Mantellage aufweist, welche aus einem zur ersten Mantellage verschiedenen Kunststoff besteht. Zwischen den beiden Mantellagen ist eine feste Verbindung ausgebildet. Hierzu ist zumindest eine der beiden Mantellagen, insbesondere die innere Mantellage chemisch funktionalisiert. Weiterhin wird die Oberfläche zumindest einer der Mantellagen, speziell die Oberfläche der inneren Mantellage bei der Herstellung aktiviert wird, so dass die beiden unterschiedlichen Mantellagen die feste Verbindung eingehen.The cable has a central element and a cable jacket designed as a double jacket, which has a first, inner and hydrophobic jacket layer and a second, outer jacket layer applied thereon, which consists of a plastic that is different from the first jacket layer. A firm connection is formed between the two jacket layers. For this purpose, at least one of the two jacket layers, in particular the inner jacket layer, is chemically functionalized. Furthermore, the surface of at least one of the jacket layers, especially the surface of the inner jacket layer, is activated during manufacture, so that the two different jacket layers form a firm connection.

Bei der Verbindung handelt es sich insbesondere um eine form- und druckdichte Verbindung. Unter "dichte Verbindung" wird allgemein verstanden, dass Wasser, welches durch die zweite, äußere Mantellage zur ersten, inneren Mantellage dringt, nicht in Längsrichtung zwischen den beiden Mantellagen fließen kann. Möglich wäre solch ein Wassereinbruch auch am Ende des Kabels, zum Beispiel an einem Steckverbinder. Ein solches Fließen zwischen den Mantellagen würde dazu führen, dass unter Umständen Feuchtigkeit in einem endseitigen am Kabel angeschlossenen Stecker gelangen könnte.The connection is in particular a form-tight and pressure-tight connection. “Dense connection” is generally understood to mean that water which penetrates through the second, outer jacket layer to the first, inner jacket layer cannot flow in the longitudinal direction between the two jacket layers. Such ingress of water would also be possible at the end of the cable, for example on a connector. Such a flow between the sheath layers would lead to the possibility that moisture could get into an end connector connected to the cable.

Druckdichtigkeit bedeutet weiterhin, dass beide Schichten fest und ohne Spalt miteinander verbunden. Es besteht kein Spalt zwischen beiden Mantellagen. Wasser kann bei geringem und höheren Druck weder in Längsrichtung zwischen den beiden Mantellagen oder in Querrichtung von der äußeren Mantellage in einen Spalt zwischen die beiden Mantellagen fließen. Die Verbindung beider Mantellagen ist dabei derart, dass die beiden Mantellagen sich händisch oder selbständig unter Druckbelastung nicht für einen Schälversuch präparieren, also auftrennen lassenPressure tightness also means that both layers are firmly connected with one another without a gap. There is no gap between the two jacket layers. At low and high pressures, water cannot flow in the longitudinal direction between the two jacket layers or in the transverse direction from the outer jacket layer into a gap between the two jacket layers. The connection of the two jacket layers is such that the two jacket layers cannot be prepared manually or independently under pressure for a peeling test, that is, they can be separated

Unter Aktivierung der Oberfläche wird allgemein verstanden, dass im Bereich der Trennebene zwischen den beiden Mantellagen zumindest in einer der Mantellagen eine spezielle Maßnahme während der Herstellung erfolgt, um die gewünschte dichte, feste Verbindung zu erzielen.Activation of the surface is generally understood to mean that in the area of the parting plane between the two jacket layers, at least in one of the jacket layers, a special measure is carried out during manufacture in order to achieve the desired tight, firm connection.

Bei dem Kunststoff für die erste, innere hydrophobe Mantellage handelt es sich um einen unpolaren polyolefinischen Kunststoff. Hierbei handelt es sich insbesondere um PE, PP, speziell wird ein Polyethylen mittlerer Dichte verwendet, welches typischerweise eine Dichte im Bereich zwischen 0,93 und 0,94 g/cm3 aufweist. Alternativ wird ein polyolefinisches Copolymer, ein polyolefinisches Elastomer oder ein polyolefinisches Blend verwendet. Beispielsweise wird ein Polyethylencopolymer, EPDM, EVA oder EO (Ethylen-Octen Copolymer) oder ein Polyethylenelastomer (z.B. ein Ethylen-Octen Copolymer) verwendet.The plastic for the first, inner hydrophobic layer is a non-polar polyolefin plastic. These are in particular PE, PP, in particular a medium density polyethylene is used, which typically has a density in the range between 0.93 and 0.94 g / cm 3 . Alternatively, a polyolefinic copolymer, a polyolefinic elastomer or a polyolefinic blend is used. For example, a polyethylene copolymer, EPDM, EVA or EO (ethylene-octene copolymer) or a polyethylene elastomer (for example an ethylene-octene copolymer) is used.

Durch die hydrophobe Eigenschaft der inneren Mantellage infolge der unpolaren Eigenschaft des Kunststoffes ist die gewünschte Wasserdichtheit der inneren Mantellage gewährleistet. Im Unterschied zur inneren Mantellage wird für die äußere Mantellage ein nicht hydrophober, polarer Kunststoff verwendet, der typischerweise weicher ist als der der inneren Mantellage. Bevorzugt wird ein Polyurethan und insbesondere ein Polyether-Polyurethan für die äußere Mantellage verwendet. Hierdurch wird die Konfektionierbarkeit, also das (dichte) Anschlagen eines Steckers oder Steckergehäuses gewährleistet. Die äußere Polyurethan-Mantellage lässt sich gut in Steckverbindern und Gehäusen druckdicht vergießen.The hydrophobic property of the inner jacket layer due to the non-polar property of the plastic ensures that the inner jacket layer is watertight. In contrast to the inner layer, a non-hydrophobic, polar plastic is used for the outer layer, which is typically softer than that of the inner layer. A polyurethane and in particular a polyether polyurethane is preferably used for the outer jacket layer. This ensures that it can be assembled, that is, the (tight) attachment of a connector or connector housing. The outer polyurethane jacket layer can be cast in a pressure-tight manner in connectors and housings.

Aufgrund der unterschiedlichen Materialeigenschaften der beiden Mantellagen, insbesondere da es sich bei dem Kunststoff der inneren Mantellage um einen unpolaren Kunststoff handelt, verbinden sich die beiden Mantellagen bei einer herkömmlichen Extrusion ohne weitere Maßnahmen nicht oder nur ungenügend. Durch die erfindungsgemäße chemische Funktionalisierung des Kunststoffes wird die gewünschte (Längswasser-) dichte stoffliche Verbindung mit der äußeren Mantellage erreicht.Due to the different material properties of the two jacket layers, in particular since the plastic of the inner jacket layer is a non-polar plastic, the two jacket layers do not bond, or only insufficiently, in conventional extrusion without further measures. The chemical functionalization of the plastic according to the invention achieves the desired (longitudinal water) tight material connection with the outer jacket layer.

Unter chemischer Funktionalisierung oder auch Modifizierung wird allgemein die Zugabe eines Additives zu dem unpolaren polyolefinischen Kunststoff verstanden, der eine chemische Verbindung oder Reaktion mit Bestandteilen des Materials der äußeren Mantellage bewirkt. Insbesondere werden dem (Basis-) Material der Mantellage chemisch reaktive Gruppen zugegeben.Chemical functionalization or modification is generally understood to mean the addition of an additive to the non-polar polyolefinic plastic, which brings about a chemical connection or reaction with constituents of the material of the outer jacket layer. In particular, chemically reactive groups are added to the (base) material of the jacket layer.

Ergänzend ist vorgesehen, dass in der äußeren Mantellage noch ein Katalysatorsystem eingebracht ist, um eine chemische Reaktion zwischen den beiden Mantellagen zu unterstützen.In addition, it is provided that a catalyst system is also introduced in the outer jacket layer in order to support a chemical reaction between the two jacket layers.

Die chemische Funktionalisierung erfolgt in der inneren Mantellagen und die Zugabe des Katalysators in der äußeren Mantellage.The chemical functionalization takes place in the inner layer and the addition of the catalyst in the outer layer.

Bevorzugt ist für die chemisch funktionalisierte Mantellage ein silanmodifizierter polyolefinischer Kunststoff verwendet, Zur chemischen Funktionalisierung wird dem Polyolefin der (inneren) Mantellage hierzu ein Polymer zugegeben, welches mit siliciumfunktionellen Gruppen reaktiv ausgerüstet ist. In einer Variante handelt es sich hierbei um ein silanvernetzbares Polymer handeln.A silane-modified polyolefinic plastic is preferably used for the chemically functionalized cladding layer. For the chemical functionalization, a polymer is added to the polyolefin of the (inner) cladding layer, which is reactively equipped with silicon-functional groups. In one variant, this is a silane-crosslinkable polymer.

Sofern nachfolgend von 'Silanverbindung" oder "Silan" gesprochen wird, so wird hierunter insbesondere eine chemische Funktionalisierung mit solchen reaktiven siliciumfunktionellen Gruppen verstanden.If "silane compound" or "silane" is referred to in the following, this means in particular a chemical functionalization with such reactive silicon-functional groups.

Insbesondere wird für den Kunststoff der inneren Mantellage ein Polymer verwendet, welches mit einer reaktionsfähigen siliciumfunktionellen Verbindung copolymerisiert ist. Bei der reaktionsfähigen, siliciumfunktionellen Verbindung handelt es sich beispielsweise um ein Organoalkoxysilan.In particular, a polymer is used for the plastic of the inner jacket layer, which is copolymerized with a reactive silicon-functional compound. The reactive, silicon-functional compound is, for example, an organoalkoxysilane.

Die reaktionsfähige siliciumfunktionelle Gruppe wird alternativ durch chemische Pfropfung einer Organo- und siliciumfunktionellen Verbindung auf das Polyolefin aufgebracht. Bei der Organo- und Siliciumfunktionellen Gruppe handelt es sich insbesondere um ein Vinylsilan, z.B. um Vinyltrimethoxysilan oder Vinyltriethoxysilan oder eine ähnliche Organosilanverbindung.The reactive silicon functional group is alternatively applied to the polyolefin by chemical grafting of an organo and silicon functional compound. The organo and silicon functional group is in particular a vinyl silane, for example vinyl trimethoxysilane or vinyl triethoxysilane or a similar organosilane compound.

Sofern nachfolgend von Vinylsilan gesprochen wird, so ist hierunter ein siliciumfunktionelles Vinylsilan zu verstehen, insbesondere Vinyltrimethoxysilan oder Vinyltriethoxysilan.If vinylsilane is referred to below, this is to be understood as meaning a silicon-functional vinylsilane, in particular vinyltrimethoxysilane or vinyltriethoxysilane.

Die hydrolyseempfindliche Gruppe (Alkoxy, Halogen, Amino, etc.) kann in feuchter Umgebung zu einer Silanolgruppe übergehen. Die Silanolgruppen können dann in einer Kondensationsreaktion zu einer Siloxanverbindung weiterreagieren.The hydrolysis-sensitive group (alkoxy, halogen, amino, etc.) can change to a silanol group in a moist environment. The silanol groups can then react further in a condensation reaction to form a siloxane compound.

Es besteht auch die Möglichkeit, dass die reaktive, siliciumfunktionelle Verbindung der unpolaren, inneren Mantellage mit dem Stickstoffatom der Urethangruppe aus der äußeren TPU-Mantellage z.B. in einer Polyadditionsreaktion eine kovalente chemische Verbindung ausbildet.There is also the possibility that the reactive, silicon-functional connection of the non-polar inner layer with the nitrogen atom of the urethane group from the outer TPU layer e.g. forms a covalent chemical compound in a polyaddition reaction.

Bei der Herstellung wird dabei vorzugsweise nach dem Aufbringen (Extrusion) der ersten Mantellage diese insbesondere durch eine Korona-Behandlung oder auch durch eine Plasmabestrahlung aktiviert, bevor anschließend in einem zweiten, separaten Arbeitsgang die äußere Mantellage aufextrudiert wird.During production, the first coat layer is preferably activated after the application (extrusion) of the first coat layer, in particular by corona treatment or also by plasma radiation, before the outer coat layer is subsequently extruded in a second, separate operation.

Speziell die Kombination der chemischen Funktionalisierung der ersten Mantellage in Verbindung mit der anschließenden Behandlung, insbesondere Korona-Behandlung führte zu einer besonders guten und dichten Verbindung zwischen den beiden Mantellagen.In particular, the combination of the chemical functionalization of the first coat layer in connection with the subsequent treatment, in particular corona treatment, led to a particularly good and dense connection between the two coat layers.

Für die Aktivierung an der Oberfläche an zumindest einer der Mantellage stehen grundsätzlich unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten zur Verfügung, die teilweise auch in Kombination verwendet werden können.There are fundamentally different options available for activation on the surface of at least one of the jacket layers, some of which can also be used in combination.

Vorzugsweise ist eine Polarisierung der Oberfläche insbesondere des polyolefinischen Kunststoffes der inneren Mantellage vorgesehen. Durch diese Maßnahme wird eine gute Verbindung mit dem polaren Polyurethan erzeugt. Neben der Polarisierung ist in bevorzugter Ausgestaltung auch eine Ausbildung von sogenannten Oxidationsradikalen vorgesehen.A polarization of the surface, in particular of the polyolefin plastic of the inner cladding layer, is preferably provided. This measure creates a good connection with the polar polyurethane. In addition to polarization, the formation of so-called oxidation radicals is also provided in a preferred embodiment.

Die Polarisierung der Oberfläche und/oder die Ausbildung von Radikalen erfolgt dabei vorzugsweise durch die Koronabehandlung oder durch die Plasmabehandlung speziell der inneren polyolefinischen Mantellage.The polarization of the surface and / or the formation of radicals is preferably carried out by the corona treatment or by the plasma treatment, in particular of the inner polyolefinic jacket layer.

Bei der Koronabehandlung wird allgemein die Oberfläche der Mantellage kurzfristig (Bruchteil von Sekunden) einer elektrischen Entladung ausgesetzt. Hierdurch erfolgt eine oberflächennahe Modifizierung des Kunststoffes. Speziell erfolgt hierbei eine Sauerstoffanreicherung in einer oberflächennahen Schicht, wodurch insgesamt die Oxidationsradikale ausgebildet werden.In corona treatment, the surface of the jacket layer is generally exposed to an electrical discharge for a short time (fraction of a second). This results in a modification of the plastic close to the surface. Specifically, an oxygen enrichment takes place in a layer near the surface, as a result of which the oxidation radicals are formed overall.

Generell ist vorgesehen, dass die innere Mantellage nach deren Extrusion aktiviert wird, bevor nachfolgend die äußere Mantellage aufextrudiert wird.In general, it is provided that the inner jacket layer is activated after its extrusion, before the outer jacket layer is subsequently extruded.

Zur chemischen Funktionalisierung wird bevorzugt ein silanmodifizierter, polyolefinischer Kunststoff verwendet, vorzugsweise ein mit einem siliciumfunktionellen Vinylsilan, speziell ein mit Vinyltrialkoxysilan (oder vergleichbaren Silanen) copolymerisiertes Polyolefin. Bei diesem handelt es sich insbesondere um ein Polyethylen, speziell um ein Polyethylen mittlerer Dichte (PE-MD).For the chemical functionalization, a silane-modified, polyolefinic plastic is preferably used, preferably a polyolefin copolymerized with a silicon-functional vinylsilane, especially a polyolefin copolymerized with vinyltrialkoxysilane (or comparable silanes). This is especially a polyethylene, especially a medium density polyethylene (PE-MD).

Bei dem silanmodifizierten Polyolefin ist das Polyolefin-Polymer mit einer reaktiven Silangruppe, beispielsweise einer Alkoxylsilanverbindung gepfropft.In the silane-modified polyolefin, the polyolefin polymer is grafted with a reactive silane group, for example an alkoxylsilane compound.

Die chemische Funktionalisierung kann auch erfolgen, indem auf die Mantellage ein silanhaltiger Haftvermittler aufgebracht wird, also ein Haftvermittler, der siliciumfunktionelle Silane enthält.The chemical functionalization can also be carried out by applying a silane-containing adhesion promoter, that is to say an adhesion promoter which contains silicon-functional silanes, to the coating layer.

Als reaktive funktionale Gruppe zur chemischen Funktionalisierung wird alternativ zur Silanmodifizierung dem Polyolefin-Polymer, insbesondere ein Polyethylen mittlerer Dichte, eine Maleinsäure oder eine vergleichbare Säure zugegeben. Bei der Herstellung wird hierzu insbesondere ein Maleinsäureanhydrid zugegeben.As a reactive functional group for chemical functionalization, an alternative to silane modification is added to the polyolefin polymer, in particular a medium-density polyethylene, a maleic acid or a comparable acid. For this purpose, a maleic anhydride is added in particular during the production.

Die chemische Funktionalisierung erfolgt bei der Herstellung vorzugsweise dadurch, dass Polymermischungen / Polymerblends in der Extrusion verarbeitet werden. Hierfür wird für das Mantelmaterial dem polyolefinischen Polymer ein Gewichtsanteil eines (Blend-) Partners zudosiert zur Ausbildung des chemisch funktionalisierten polyolefinischen Polymers (insbesondere ein Thermoplast, z.B. EVA, PP, PE, gegraftet mit Maleinsäureanhydrid und/oder siliciumfunktionelle Silanen).The chemical functionalization takes place during production preferably by processing polymer blends / polymer blends in the extrusion. For this purpose, a weight fraction of a (blend) partner is added to the polyolefinic polymer for the jacket material to form the chemically functionalized polyolefinic polymer (in particular a thermoplastic, e.g. EVA, PP, PE, grafted with maleic anhydride and / or silicon-functional silanes).

Der Anteil des zudosierten Blendpartners liegt dabei vorzugsweise im Bereich zwischen 1 - 50 Gew.% und insbesondere im Bereich von 5-20 Gew.%.The proportion of the blend partner metered in is preferably in the range between 1-50% by weight and in particular in the range of 5-20% by weight.

Im Falle eines silanmodifizierten Polymers liegt der Gewichtsanteil der siliciumfunktionellen Silane allgemein bevorzugt im Bereich zwischen 0,1 - 5,0 Gew. %.In the case of a silane-modified polymer, the weight fraction of the silicon-functional silanes is generally preferably in the range between 0.1-5.0% by weight.

Bei der Verwendung einer reaktiven funktionalen Gruppe, insbesondere Maleinsäureanhydrid, liegt der zudosierte Gewichtsanteil allgemein im Bereich zwischen 0,1 bis 3,0 Gew. %.When using a reactive functional group, in particular maleic anhydride, the proportion by weight added is generally in the range between 0.1 to 3.0% by weight.

Die angegebenen Gewichtsanteile sind jeweils bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der für die jeweilige Mantellage, insbesondere innere Mantellage, verwendeten Materialien bei der Herstellung, also bezogen auf die Ausgangsmaterialien.The weight percentages given are based in each case on the total weight of the materials used for the respective jacket layer, in particular the inner jacket layer, during manufacture, that is to say based on the starting materials.

Durch diese beschriebenen Maßnahmen zur chemischen Funktionalisierung wird in bevorzugter Weise ein vernetzungsfähiges System etabliert, welches dann beispielsweise durch eine entsprechende weitergehende Aktivierung eine Vernetzung mit der weiteren Mantellage für die angestrebte feste und dichte Verbindung eingeht.These described measures for chemical functionalization preferably establish a network-capable system, which then, for example by means of a corresponding further activation, forms a network with the further jacket layer for the desired firm and tight connection.

Für diese chemische Vernetzungsreaktion ist allgemein das Katalysatorsystem in der äußeren Mantellagen integriert, welches vorzugsweise unter Feuchtigkeitseinfluss oder auch ohne Feuchtigkeitseinfluss die chemische Reaktion bei Raumtemperatur und/oder unter Wärmezufuhr unterstützt.For this chemical crosslinking reaction, the catalyst system is generally integrated in the outer jacket layers, which preferably supports the chemical reaction at room temperature and / or under the influence of moisture, or also without moisture.

Bei dem Katalysatorsystem handelt es sich dabei bevorzugt um eine Brönsted oder eine Lewis Säure. Bevorzugt wird als Katalysator eine Sulfonsäure, z.B. Dodecylbenzolsulfonsäure verwendet, wie sie beispielsweise aus der DE 694 23 002 T2 zu entnehmen ist.The catalyst system is preferably a Bronsted or a Lewis acid. A sulfonic acid, for example dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid, such as is obtained, for example, from the DE 694 23 002 T2 can be seen.

Alternativ oder ergänzend wird für das Katalysatorsystem eine zinnorganische Verbindung verwendet.Alternatively or in addition, an organotin compound is used for the catalyst system.

Das Katalysatorsystem wird dabei in die äußere, zweite Mantellage eingebracht. Der Gewichtsanteil des bei der Herstellung zudosierten Katalysatorsystems liegt dabei vorzugsweise im Bereich von 0,01 - 5,0 Gew. % und insbesondere im Bereich von 0,01 bis 2 Gew.% bezogen auf das Gesamtgewicht der Ausgangskomponenten für die Mantellage.The catalyst system is introduced into the outer, second jacket layer. The proportion by weight of the catalyst system metered in during production is preferably in the range from 0.01 to 5.0% by weight and in particular in the range from 0.01 to 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the starting components for the shell layer.

Besonders bevorzugt ist eine Kombination der Koronaaktivierung der inneren, chemisch funktionalisierten polyolefinischen Mantelschicht - insbesondere aus einem PE mittlerer Dichte und copolymerisiert mit Vinylsilan, z.B. Vinylaloxysilan oder gegraftet mit Silangruppen (siliciumfunktionelle Silane oder reaktive Silangruppen) - mit der Integration des Katalysatorsystems in die äußere Polyurethan Mantellage.A combination of corona activation of the inner, chemically functionalized polyolefinic sheath layer is particularly preferred - in particular of a medium density PE and copolymerized with vinylsilane, e.g. Vinylaloxysilane or grafted with silane groups (silicon-functional silanes or reactive silane groups) - with the integration of the catalyst system into the outer polyurethane jacket layer.

Typischerweise ist der Wert des Isolationswiderstands der ersten, inneren Mantellage dabei mindestens um den Faktor 10 größer als der Isolationswiderstand der zweiten, äußeren Mantellage.Typically, the value of the insulation resistance of the first, inner jacket layer is at least 10 times greater than the insulation resistance of the second, outer jacket layer.

Das Kabel weist insgesamt einen Gesamtdurchmesser auf, der je nach Anwendungsfall zwischen 5 mm und 45 mm liegt. Beim Kabel handelt es sich insbesondere um ein Datenkabel vorzugsweise mit mehreren Datenkanälen, die jeweils beispielsweise durch ein Adernpaar gebildet sind.The cable has an overall diameter that is between 5 mm and 45 mm, depending on the application. The cable is, in particular, a data cable, preferably with a plurality of data channels, each of which is formed, for example, by a pair of wires.

Vorzugsweise liegt die Wanddicke der inneren Mantellage zwischen 0,1 mm bei einem kleinen Gesamtdurchmesser bis 1,5 mm bei einem großen Gesamtdurch-messer. Die Wanddicke nimmt dabei vorzugsweise korrespondierend zum Gesamtdurchmesser proportional oder zumindest annähernd proportional zu.The wall thickness of the inner jacket layer is preferably between 0.1 mm for a small overall diameter and 1.5 mm for a large overall diameter. The wall thickness preferably increases proportionally or at least approximately proportionally to the overall diameter.

Die äußere Wanddicke der äußeren Mantellage liegt weiterhin vorzugsweise zwischen 0,2 mm bei einem kleinen Gesamtdurchmesser bis 2,0mm bei großem Gesamtdurchmesser. Die Wanddicke nimmt dabei vorzugsweise korrespondierend zum Gesamtdurchmesser proportional oder zumindest annähernd proportional zu. Bevorzugt ist die äußere Wanddicke größer als die innere Wanddicke, insbesondere um den Faktor 1,5 bis 2,5.The outer wall thickness of the outer jacket layer is preferably between 0.2 mm for a small overall diameter to 2.0 mm for a large overall diameter. The wall thickness preferably increases proportionally or at least approximately proportionally to the overall diameter. The outer wall thickness is preferably greater than the inner wall thickness, in particular by a factor of 1.5 to 2.5.

Das Kabel ist vorzugsweise druckbeständig für mehrere 10 bar, insbesondere bis zumindest 100 bar, speziell auch beständig gegen Druckwechselbeanspruchungen.The cable is preferably pressure-resistant for several 10 bar, in particular up to at least 100 bar, especially also resistant to pressure changes.

Für eine, vorzugsweise für beide Mantellagen ist vorzugsweise eine flammwidrige Kunststoffmischung verwendet, insbesondere ein Polyurethan auf Etherbasis, gegebenenfalls mit einem Flammschutz-Additiv.A flame-retardant plastic mixture, in particular an ether-based polyurethane, optionally with a flame retardant additive, is preferably used for one, preferably for both, the outer layers.

Aufgrund der dichten Verbindung zwischen den beiden Mantellagen ist der Mantel insgesamt ausreichend dicht und es ist bevorzugt auf weitere Maßnahmen zur Abdichtung verzichtet. Insbesondere ist zwischen den beiden Mantellagen keine Trennlage angeordnet und es ist auch auf ein Quellvlies oder auf Füllstoffe verzichtet.Because of the tight connection between the two jacket layers, the jacket is sufficiently tight overall and further measures for sealing are preferably dispensed with. In particular, no separating layer is arranged between the two jacket layers and there is also no swelling fleece or fillers.

Das Kabel wird allgemein vorzugsweise in feuchten oder nassen Umgebungen eingesetzt, insbesondere auch unter erheblichen Druckbeanspruchungen speziell als Unterwasserkabel beispielsweise bei U-Booten. Daneben wird das Kabel auch als Bodenkabel zur Verlegung im Boden (Erde) verwendet oder zur Verlegung in beispielsweise wasserführenden oder wasserenthaltenden Bereichen, wie beispielsweise Kanäle, Behälter oder wasserführendes Erdreich. Das Kabel ist insbesondere als Datenkabel ausgebildet und verwendet, über das im Betrieb Datensignale übertragen werden.The cable is generally preferably used in damp or wet environments, in particular also under considerable pressure, especially as an underwater cable, for example in submarines. In addition, the cable is also used as a floor cable for laying in the ground (earth) or for laying in, for example, water-bearing or water-containing areas, such as ducts, containers or water-bearing soil. The cable is designed and used in particular as a data cable, via which data signals are transmitted during operation.

Das Datenkabel gewährleistet einerseits eine sichere Übertragung von digitalen Signalen. Hierzu ist die innere Polyethylenschicht mit geringer Sättigungsrate von Bedeutung. Andererseits ist gewährleistet, dass das Kabel mittels Vergießen weiterverarbeitbar ist. Hierzu ist die äußere Polyurethanschicht wesentlich. Darüber hinaus ist durch die chemische Funktionalisierung mit der Koronabehandlung gewährleistet, dass beide Mantellagen druckdicht miteinander verbunden sind, so dass ein Fließen von Wasser zwischen den beiden Mantellagen, z.B. bei oberflächlichen Mantelbeschädigungen oder über Undichtigkeiten im Steckverbinder verhindert sind.On the one hand, the data cable ensures the secure transmission of digital signals. The inner polyethylene layer with a low saturation rate is important for this. On the other hand, it is guaranteed that the cable can be further processed by casting. The outer polyurethane layer is essential for this. In addition, the chemical functionalization with the corona treatment ensures that the two jacket layers are connected to one another in a pressure-tight manner, so that water does not flow between the two jacket layers, for example in the event of superficial jacket damage or leaks in the connector.

Ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung wird anhand der einzigen Figur beschrieben.An embodiment of the invention is described with reference to the single figure.

Diese zeigt in vereinfachter Darstellung einen Querschnitt durch ein Kabel 2 mit einem Zentralelement 4, welches von einem doppelwandigen Mantel 6 umgeben ist. Dieser weist eine innere Mantellage 8 auf, die unmittelbar auf das Zentralelement 4 insbesondere durch Extrusion aufgebracht ist. Die innere Mantellage 8 ist unmittelbar von einer äußeren Mantellage 10 umgeben, die auf die innere Mantellage 8 ebenfalls vorzugsweise durch Extrusion aufgebracht ist. Der Mantel 6 weist eine Gesamtdicke D auf, die im Bereich zwischen 5 mm und 45 mm liegt. Die innere Mantellage 8 weist eine innere Wanddicke d1 im Bereich von 0,1 mm bis 1,5 mm auf. Die äußere Mantellage 10 weist eine äußere Wanddicke d2 im Bereich von 0,2 mm bis 2 mm auf. Der Aufbau kann von einem weiteren Außenmantel umgeben sein bzw. mehrere derartige Kabel 2 insbesondere auch in Kombination mit anderen Elementen bilden einen Verbund, der von einem gemeinsamen Außenmantel umgeben ist. Bevorzugt bildet jedoch die äußere Mantellage 10 einen Außenmantel.In a simplified representation, this shows a cross section through a cable 2 with a central element 4, which is surrounded by a double-walled jacket 6. This has an inner jacket layer 8, which is applied directly to the central element 4, in particular by extrusion. The inner jacket layer 8 is directly surrounded by an outer jacket layer 10, which is also preferably applied to the inner jacket layer 8 by extrusion. The jacket 6 has a total thickness D which is in the range between 5 mm and 45 mm. The inner jacket layer 8 has an inner wall thickness d1 in the range from 0.1 mm to 1.5 mm. The outer jacket layer 10 has an outer wall thickness d2 in the range from 0.2 mm to 2 mm. The structure can be surrounded by a further outer sheath or a plurality of such cables 2, in particular also in combination with other elements, form a composite which is surrounded by a common outer sheath. However, the outer jacket layer 10 preferably forms an outer jacket.

Bei dem Zentralelement 4 handelt es sich insbesondere um eine Kabelseele aus einzelnen Kabelelementen. Speziell handelt es sich bei dem Kabel 2 um ein Datenkabel mit mehreren Datenübertragungsadern, die die Kabelseele 4 bilden. Es liegen bevorzugt also ausschließlich Datenübertragungselemente in der Kabelseele 4 vor. Prinzipiell ist es auch möglich, dass neben den Datenübertragungselementen auch Leistungselemente integriert sind. Bei den Datenübertragungselementen handelt es sich insbesondere um elektrische Leitungsadern, die vorzugsweise paarweise für eine symmetrische Datenübertragung angeordnet sind. Ein jeweiliges Adernpaar ist dabei verseilt oder unverseilt und mit oder ohne einer Paarschirmung versehen. Daneben können auch optische Übertragungselemente integriert sein.The central element 4 is in particular a cable core made up of individual cable elements. Specifically, the cable 2 is a data cable with several data transmission wires that form the cable core 4. There are therefore preferably only data transmission elements in the cable core 4. In principle, it is also possible for power elements to be integrated in addition to the data transmission elements. The data transmission elements are, in particular, electrical line wires, which are preferably arranged in pairs for symmetrical data transmission. A respective pair of wires is stranded or stranded and provided with or without a pair shield. In addition, optical transmission elements can also be integrated.

Allgemein wird ein Eindiffundieren von Wasser in das Zentralelement 4 dadurch vermieden oder zumindest ausreichend reduziert, indem für die innere Mantellage 8 ein Kunststoff als Mantelwerkstoff ausgewählt wird, der eine sehr geringe Diffusions- und Sättigungsrate besitzt. Hier kommen vor allem halogenfreie, polyolefinische Materialien mit hydrophoben Eigenschaften in Frage, wie z.B. Polyethylen, Polypropylen oder polyolefinische Elastomere (POE).In general, a diffusion of water into the central element 4 is avoided or at least reduced sufficiently by selecting a plastic as the jacket material for the inner jacket layer 8, which has a very low diffusion and has saturation rate. Halogen-free, polyolefinic materials with hydrophobic properties, such as polyethylene, polypropylene or polyolefinic elastomers (POE), are particularly suitable here.

Da auch weiterhin die Forderung besteht, dass das Kabel einerseits flexibel ist und sich andererseits gut in Steckverbindern und Gehäusen druckdicht mittels einer Polyurethan basierten Vergussmasse vergießen lassen muss, wird für die äußerer Mantellage ein weiches Polyurethan, vorzugsweise mit einer Shorehärte zwischen 64D und 95A, verwendet.Since there is still a requirement that the cable is flexible on the one hand and that it must be possible to cast it in a pressure-tight manner in connectors and housings using a polyurethane-based casting compound, a soft polyurethane, preferably with a Shore hardness between 64D and 95A, is used for the outer jacket layer .

Es ist eine physikalische Grundeigenschaft, dass polyolefinische Werkstoffe eine geringe Oberflächenspannung besitzen und daher eine sehr geringe Neigung zeigen, sich mit dem polaren Polyurethan, welches eine hohe Oberflächenspannung aufweist, zu verbinden.It is a basic physical property that polyolefinic materials have a low surface tension and therefore have a very low tendency to bond with the polar polyurethane, which has a high surface tension.

Extrudiert man das Polyurethan auf ein Kabel mit einer normalen polyolefinischen wasserabweisenden Schicht, liegen beide Mäntel nahezu unverbunden aufeinander und können ohne große Schälkraft voneinander getrennt werden. Die Verbindung ist nicht formschlüssig und auch nicht druckdicht in Längsrichtung.If you extrude the polyurethane onto a cable with a normal polyolefinic water-repellent layer, the two sheaths are almost unconnected and can be separated from one another without great peeling force. The connection is not positive and not pressure-tight in the longitudinal direction.

Das würde jedoch bedeuten, dass Wasser, das durch den äußeren Polyurethanmantel diffundiert ist, auf dem inneren Polyethylen- bzw. Polypropylenmantel in Längsrichtung fließt und so in die Steckverbinder oder Gehäuse gelangen würde.However, this would mean that water, which has diffused through the outer polyurethane jacket, flows in the longitudinal direction on the inner polyethylene or polypropylene jacket and would thus get into the plug connectors or housings.

Um dieses Problem zu vermeiden ist daher erfindungsgemäß eine chemische Funktionalisierung des Polymers der inneren Mantellage 8 sowie eine Aktivierung insbesondere der Oberfläche der inneren Mantellage 8 vorgesehen, und zwar derart, dass sich die Polyurethanschicht, die in einem weiteren Arbeitsgang auf den inneren Polyethylen- bzw. Polypropylenmantel aufextrudiert wird, mit der inneren Schicht form- und druckdicht verbindet.In order to avoid this problem, chemical functionalization of the polymer of the inner jacket layer 8 and activation of, in particular, the surface of the inner jacket layer 8 are provided according to the invention, in such a way that the polyurethane layer, which is applied to the inner polyethylene or Polypropylene jacket is extruded, connects to the inner layer in a form-tight and pressure-tight manner.

Die Aktivierung erfolgt vorzugsweise durch eine Koronabearbeitung der inneren Mantellage aus dem polyolefinischen Werkstoff mit den wasserabweisenden Eigenschaften. Alternativ ist eine Plasmabearbeitung vorgesehen. Hierbei werden Oxidationsradikale ausgebildet und / oder es erfolgt eine Polarisierung der Oberfläche.Activation is preferably carried out by corona machining the inner layer of the polyolefin material with the water-repellent properties. Alternatively, plasma processing is provided. Here, oxidation radicals are formed and / or the surface is polarized.

In weiteren Alternativen wird ein Haftvermittlers oder ein Kleber aufgetragen.In other alternatives, an adhesion promoter or an adhesive is applied.

Zur chemischen Funktionalisierung wird der polyolefinische Werkstoff modifiziert. Gemäß einer ersten Variante werden polyolefinische Werkstoffe verwendet, die mit Maleinsäureanhydrid gegraftet sind. Gemäß einer zweiten Variante werden polyolefinische Werkstoffe verwendet, die mit reaktiven oder funktionalisierten oder siliciumfunktionellen Silanen (z.B. Alkoxysilanverbindungen) gepfropft oder copolymerisiert sind. Speziell wird ein Polyethylen mittlerer dichte verwendet, welches mit Vinylsilan, insbesondere Vinylalkosysilan copolymerisiert ist oder gepfropft ist.The polyolefinic material is modified for chemical functionalization. According to a first variant, polyolefinic materials are used which are grafted with maleic anhydride. According to a second variant, polyolefinic materials are used which are grafted or copolymerized with reactive or functionalized or silicon-functional silanes (e.g. alkoxysilane compounds). In particular, a medium density polyethylene is used which is copolymerized or grafted with vinylsilane, in particular vinylalkosysilane.

Die Ausbildung der dichten Verbindung zwischen den Mantellagen 6,8 wird ergänzend unterstützt durch ein in die äußere Mantellage 8 eingebrachtes Katalysatorsystem. Als Katalysatorsystem wird in das Material für die äußere Mantellage 10 beispielsweise eine zinnorganische Verbindung, vorzugsweise jedoch eine Sulfonsäure eingearbeitet.The formation of the tight connection between the jacket layers 6, 8 is additionally supported by a catalyst system introduced into the outer jacket layer 8. For example, an organotin compound, but preferably a sulfonic acid, is incorporated into the material for the outer jacket layer 10 as the catalyst system.

Insgesamt kommt es zu einer (chemischen) Reaktion zwischen der (koronaaktivierten) polyolefinischen MDPE Mantelschicht und der mit dem Katalysator versehenen TPU Mantelschicht.Overall, there is a (chemical) reaction between the (corona-activated) polyolefinic MDPE cladding layer and the TPU cladding layer provided with the catalyst.

Vorstellbar ist z.B., dass die koronaaktivierte polyolefinische Mantelschicht mit den Amidgruppen der Urethangruppe reagiert und dies durch den Katalysator, welche dem Polyurethanmantel zugegeben wurde, beschleunigt wird.It is conceivable, for example, that the corona-activated polyolefinic coating layer reacts with the amide groups of the urethane group and this is accelerated by the catalyst which has been added to the polyurethane coating.

Bei einer Musterfertigung wurde ein Kabel 2 mit einer silanmodifizierten inneren Mantellage 8 mit einer äußeren TPU- Mantellage 10 mit einer Sulfonsäure als Katalysatorsystem hergestellt. Der Durchmesser des Zentralelements (Kabelseels 4) betrug 14 mm. Die innere Wanddicke d1 betrug ca. 1 mm. Die Korona-Elektroden wurden derart positioniert, dass sie den gesamten Kabelumfang überlappend behandelt haben. Bevorzugt werden 3 Elektroden eingesetzt. Die Koronaspannung betrug 7 kV. Die Koronabehandlung erfolgt Inline nachfolgend zur Extrusion der inneren Mantellage 8, d.h. unmittelbar nach der Extrusion und kontinuierlich während der Herstellung. Nachfolgend zur Koronabehandlung wurde die äußere Mantellage aufextrudiert. Die äußere Mantellage 10 wurde mit einer (Linien-) Geschwindigkeit von 2,4 m/min aufextrudiert. Die äußere Wanddicke d2 betrug ebenfalls etwa 1mm.In a sample production, a cable 2 with a silane-modified inner jacket layer 8 with an outer TPU jacket layer 10 with a sulfonic acid as a catalyst system was produced. The diameter of the central element (cable core 4) was 14 mm. The inner wall thickness d1 was approx. 1 mm. The corona electrodes were positioned in such a way that they covered the entire circumference of the cable. 3 electrodes are preferably used. The corona voltage was 7 kV. The corona treatment is carried out inline subsequently to the extrusion of the inner layer 8, ie immediately after the extrusion and continuously during the production. Subsequent to the corona treatment, the outer jacket layer was extruded. The outer jacket layer 10 was extruded at a (line) speed of 2.4 m / min. The outer wall thickness d2 was also about 1mm.

Das Kabel 2 ist insbesondere ein Unterwasserkabel.The cable 2 is in particular an underwater cable.

Es weist mindestens ein Element auf, das eine definierte Impedanz besitzt (Ethernet, Cat 6, Cat 7 mit jeweils 100-Ohm-Elementen; Profibus, Profinet, Canbus mit 120- bzw. 150 Ohm-Elementen; Koaxialkabel) sowie ggf. weitere Elemente als Hybridkabel. Es ist aber auch möglich, das Prinzip für weitere Unterwasserkabelaufbauten, zum Beispiel für Lichtwellenleiterkabel, aber auch Signal- und Energiekabel einzusetzen. Möglich ist auch der Einsatz der Erfindung für alle Kabel, die in erhöhtem Maße vor dem Eindringen von Wasser oder Feuchtigkeit geschützt werden müssen. Ebenso ist es denkbar, die vorgeschlagene Materialkombination und den Schichtaufbau zu wählen um weitere Eigenschaftenkombinationen zu erzielen wie zum Beispiel eine bessere mechanische Einsetzbarkeit des Kabels oder eine Verbesserung der Abriebfestigkeit.It has at least one element that has a defined impedance (Ethernet, Cat 6, Cat 7 with 100 ohm elements each; Profibus, Profinet, Canbus with 120 or 150 ohm elements; coaxial cable) and any other elements as a hybrid cable. However, it is also possible to use the principle for further underwater cable structures, for example for fiber optic cables, but also for signal and energy cables. It is also possible to use the invention for all cables which have to be protected to a greater extent from the ingress of water or moisture. It is also conceivable to choose the proposed combination of materials and the layer structure in order to achieve further combinations of properties, such as better mechanical usability of the cable or an improvement in abrasion resistance.

Als Mantelwerkstoffe können prinzipiell flammwidrige und nicht flammwidrige Mischungen eingesetzt werden. Vorzugsweise weist die innere Mantellage 8 ein PE-Material beispielsweise HDPE (PE hoher Dichte), ein LDPE (PE geringer Dichte) und insbesondere ein MDPE (PE mittlerer Dichte) mit Silanpfropfung auf oder es ist ein Silancopolymer verwendet.In principle, flame-retardant and non-flame-retardant mixtures can be used as jacket materials. The inner jacket layer 8 preferably has a PE material, for example HDPE (high density PE), an LDPE (low density PE) and in particular an MDPE (medium density PE) with silane grafting, or a silane copolymer is used.

Die innere Mantellage weist vorzugsweise allgemein eine Shorehärte von 45 D bis 65 D auf. Für die äußere Mantellage 10 wird als bevorzugtes Material ein Polyurethan mit Shorehärten von 80A bis 64D eingesetzt.The inner jacket layer preferably generally has a Shore hardness of 45 D to 65 D. A polyurethane with a Shore hardness of 80A to 64D is used as the preferred material for the outer jacket layer 10.

Bei Untersuchungen zeigten sich die besten Eigenschaften bei der Verwendung eines silanmodifizierten Polyethylens mittlerer Dichte in Kombination mit einem TPU, das mit einem Katalysatorsystem, insbesondere mit einer Sulfonsäure, versetzt war. Insbesondere wurde für die innere Mantellage das unter dem Handelsnamen Visico ME4425 erhältliche Copolymer und für die äußere Mantellage das unter dem Handelsnamen Elastollan 1185A10 beziehungsweise Elastollan 1185A10FHF erhältliche TPU, versetzt mit 6 bis 10%Ambicat verwendet.Investigations showed the best properties when using a silane-modified medium-density polyethylene in combination with a TPU, which was mixed with a catalyst system, in particular with a sulfonic acid. In particular, the copolymer available under the trade name Visico ME4425 was used for the inner coat layer and the TPU available under the trade names Elastollan 1185A10 or Elastollan 1185A10FHF, mixed with 6 to 10% Ambicat, was used for the outer coat layer.

Claims (15)

  1. Cable with a central element and a cable sheath, which has an inner hydrophobic sheath layer made of a first non-polar plastic and an outer sheath layer applied to the latter made of a non-hydrophobic, polar plastic which is different from the inner sheath layer and for which a thermoplastic elastomer is used, wherein a polyolefinic plastic is used for the inner sheath layer and the inner sheath layer is chemically functionalized by adding an additive to the non-polar polyolefinic plastic, so that a chemical reaction with components of the material of the outer sheath layers is effected, wherein a tight connection is formed between the two sheath layers and to form the tight connection between the sheath layers, a catalyst system is introduced into the outer sheath layer, which supports the chemical reaction between the two sheath layers.
  2. Cable according to the preceding claim, in which a medium density polyethylene copolymerized with vinyl silane is used for the inner sheath layer and a thermoplastic polyurethane is used for the outer sheath layer.
  3. Cable according to one of Claims 1 or 2, in which for the chemically functionalized sheath layer a silane-modified polyolefinic plastic with silicon-functional groups is used, the proportion of silanes in the chemically functionalized sheath layer being in particular in the range between 0.1 to 5.0% by weight.
  4. Cable according to Claim 1, in which for chemical functionalization a plastic material with a reactive functional group, especially maleic acid, is used, wherein the proportion of the reactive functional group in the chemically functionalized sheath layer is especially in the range between 0.01 to 3.0 % by weight.
  5. Cable according to one of the preceding claims, in which for the inner chemically functionalised sheath layer a polyolefin such as PE, EVA or PP with a blending partner is used, preferably a medium density polyethylene copolymerised with vinylsilane.
  6. Cable according to the preceding claim, in which the proportion of the blendpartner is in the range of 1 to 50 % by weight, preferably in the range of 5 to 20 % by weight.
  7. Cable according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the proportion of the catalyst system is in the range of 0.1 to 5.0 % by weight.
  8. Cable according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner sheath layer has a shore hardness of 45D to 65D and / or the outer sheath layer has a shore hardness of 70A to 70D.
  9. Cable according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cable has a total diameter between 5 mm and 45 mm.
  10. Cable according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the inner sheath layer has an inner wall thickness which is between 0.1 mm for a small overall diameter and 1.5 mm for a large overall diameter and that the outer sheath layer has an outer wall thickness which is between 0.2 mm for a small total diameter up to 2.0 mm for a large overall diameter.
  11. Cable according to the one of the preceding claims, characterised in that that it is pressure resistant for several 10 bar, especially also resistant against alternating pressure loads.
  12. Cable according to one of the preceding claims, characterised in that that a flame-retardant plastic mixture is used as plastic for at least one sheath layer.
  13. Cable according to one of the preceding claims, in which further measures to ensure tightness (such as a separating layer between the sheath layers, a swelling fleece or fillers) are dispensed with.
  14. Method for producing a cable, in which a cable sheath is applied to a central element, which cable sheath has an inner hydrophobic sheath layer made of a first non-polar plastic and an outer sheath layer applied to said sheath layer which is made of a non-hydrophobic, polar plastic different from the inner sheath layer and for which a thermoplastic elastomer is used, wherein for the inner sheath layer a polyolefinic material is used, which is chemically functionalized by adding an additive to the non-polar polyolefinic plastic, so that a chemical reaction with constituents of the material of the outer sheath layers is effected, wherein a tight bond is formed between the two sheath layers, and to form the tight bond between the sheath layers, a catalyst system is introduced, which supports the chemical reaction between the two sheath layers.
  15. Method according to the preceding claim, in which the inner sheath is activated before the application of the outer sheathing layer by subjecting the surface of the inner jacket layer to a corona treatment or a plasma treatment.
EP16822437.6A 2015-12-18 2016-12-16 Cable and method for producing the cable Active EP3391388B1 (en)

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