EP3391109A1 - Dispositif optique commandé par phase et système de lidar - Google Patents

Dispositif optique commandé par phase et système de lidar

Info

Publication number
EP3391109A1
EP3391109A1 EP16788080.6A EP16788080A EP3391109A1 EP 3391109 A1 EP3391109 A1 EP 3391109A1 EP 16788080 A EP16788080 A EP 16788080A EP 3391109 A1 EP3391109 A1 EP 3391109A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
waveguide
waveguides
dimensioning
phased array
arrangement
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP16788080.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Jan Niklas CASPERS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP3391109A1 publication Critical patent/EP3391109A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/10—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type
    • G02B6/12—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings of the optical waveguide type of the integrated circuit kind
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S17/00—Systems using the reflection or reradiation of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves, e.g. lidar systems
    • G01S17/02—Systems using the reflection of electromagnetic waves other than radio waves
    • G01S17/06—Systems determining position data of a target
    • G01S17/42—Simultaneous measurement of distance and other co-ordinates
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/48—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S17/00
    • G01S7/481—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements
    • G01S7/4817—Constructional features, e.g. arrangements of optical elements relating to scanning

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an optical phased array and a LiDAR system comprising an optical phased array.
  • Hybrid 3D Photonic Integrated Circuit for Optical Phased Array Beam Steering (Guan et al., CLEO: 2015) achieves a maximum deflection angle of ⁇ 2.47 ° in the vertical and horizontal directions.
  • One way to further increase the maximum deflection angle is to further develop methods for making the waveguides to allow for an increase in the refractive index contrast of the waveguides.
  • “Large-scale nanophotonics phased array” (Sun et al., Nature 493, 195 (2013)) describes the construction of a two-dimensional OPA in which a large number of vertical emitters are arranged in a matrix (array) In this case, grating couplers supplied with light via waveguides The distance between the emitters determines how much a beam can be deflected By controlling the phase of the light at each emitter and interfering with the light in the far field, any pattern can be generated or create and move a narrow focus in a wide angle range.
  • the invention is based on an optical phased array and a LiDAR system according to the preamble of the independent claims.
  • integrated optics is a way to guide and process light in very compact planar waveguides.
  • OPAs optical phased arrays
  • OPA optical power detection and ranging
  • a describes the deflection angle, ⁇ the wavelength and ⁇ the distance of adjacent emitters in a plane.
  • the wavelength is usually determined by the material system or detector properties used.
  • a change in the deflection angle is via a setting of a distance of the
  • Waveguide possible.
  • the distance between the waveguides is limited downwards. Because field distributions of adjacent waveguides overlap depending on the distance of the waveguide and thus there is a coupling of the waveguide. This coupling prevents interference from those guided by the waveguides
  • An advantage of the invention with the features of the independent claim is that the waveguides of the OPA can be arranged very compactly, without resulting in a significant coupling of the waveguides. Consequently allow the interference in the far field and an increase in the deflection angle.
  • an optical phased array comprising a waveguide array characterized by having a first waveguide having a first dimension and a second waveguide having a second dimension.
  • the first dimensioning differs from the second dimensioning.
  • Waveguides are chosen such that the coupling of light of at least one predetermined wavelength of the first waveguide is attenuated in the second waveguide.
  • a maximum coupling power between the first waveguide and the second waveguide can thus advantageously be reduced to less than -20 dB. This allows interference in the far field while simultaneously achieving large deflection angles. Because the distance between adjacent waveguides can be selected by suitable choice
  • the waveguides of the waveguide arrangement can be arranged side by side in a one-dimensional matrix. This results in a very compact flat structure.
  • the waveguides are the
  • Waveguide arrangement arranged in a two-dimensional matrix.
  • a deflection in two directions is advantageously possible.
  • Waveguide arrangement different widths.
  • One advantage is that the different widths in the production very easy by adjusting a Mask for producing the waveguide of the waveguide arrangement can be realized.
  • the waveguides of the waveguide arrangement can thus be arranged very compact.
  • the waveguide arrangement comprises at least two waveguides which have different heights.
  • This approach has the advantage that the optical modes of the waveguides of the waveguide arrangement can additionally be localized more strongly in the waveguides and thus the waveguides can be placed even more compactly, or couple less together.
  • a difference in the mode properties of the waveguides of the waveguide arrangement can be additionally increased again. This is particularly important in order to reduce or eliminate the coupling to the not directly adjacent, but more distant waveguides of the waveguide array.
  • the waveguide arrangement comprises at least two waveguides, which are characterized in that they have different
  • the waveguide arrangement comprises at least two waveguides, which are characterized in that they are made of different materials. Care must be taken here, in particular, that the waveguides have different refractive indices in order to achieve the
  • thermo-optic or electro-optical properties of the materials of the waveguides are exploited because these properties of the beam can be deflected by changing the total temperature and not only by changing a local temperature at individual
  • Waveguides of the waveguide arrangement are waveguides of the waveguide arrangement.
  • OPA beam deflection devices by means of OPA according to the invention.
  • the OPA comes in contrast to conventional beam deflecting devices, which include, for example, mechanical mirrors, without moving parts. Therefore, the
  • an OPA according to the invention on a greater robustness to mechanical shocks.
  • an OPA according to the invention allows a very compact implementation and it can be cheaper than conventional
  • One possible application is, for example, the use of OPAs in a LiDAR system, which uses light to measure an object shape and a distance of an object.
  • the embodiments of the OPA described above are suitable for use in a LiDAR system because of the improved deflection angle.
  • the LiDAR system having a beam deflection device is characterized in that the beam deflection device comprises an OPA according to one of the embodiments described above.
  • OPAs according to the invention can be used in the area of pico projectors or head-up displays, with the aforementioned advantages also leading to an improvement over devices without OPA.
  • Show it 1 shows a cross-section of a waveguide arrangement according to the invention of an OPA, wherein the waveguides are arranged as a two-dimensional matrix and wherein the waveguides have at least partially different widths,
  • FIG. 2 shows a three-dimensional section of an OPA showing a waveguide arrangement according to the invention
  • FIG. 3 shows a three-dimensional view of a waveguide arrangement according to the invention
  • Waveguide arrangement with differently deflected light beams and
  • Fig. 4 shows a block diagram of a LiDAR system with a
  • OPA as a beam deflecting device.
  • Sizing of a waveguide includes both the description of a material from which the waveguide is made, and the dimensions and cross-sectional area of the waveguide. Optical fashion characteristics of a
  • Waveguides comprise both phase information of a radiation transported by the waveguide and a distribution of the electric and magnetic field in the region of the waveguide. In general, this distribution is called the optical mode profile.
  • a distance between two waveguides is from a first waveguide center of a first waveguide
  • Waveguide 2a to a second waveguide center of a second
  • Waveguide 2b measured.
  • a waveguide center is the center of the circle and, in the case of a rectangular cross-sectional area, the center of the rectangle.
  • An inventive optical phased array 1 comprises a waveguide assembly 2.
  • Fig. 1 is a cross section of a
  • Waveguide assembly 2 of an OPA 1 according to the invention shown.
  • the waveguide assembly 2 comprises a first waveguide 2a, a second waveguide 2b, and a third waveguide 2c.
  • a width of the waveguide 2a, 2b, 2c is described by its extension parallel to the x-axis.
  • a height of the waveguide 2a, 2b, 2c is defined by its extension in the y-direction.
  • the first waveguide 2a, the second waveguide 2b and the third waveguide 2c differ in their width in this embodiment. That is, a first width of the first waveguide 2a is unequal to a second one
  • Width of the second waveguide 2b and the second width is unequal to a third width 2c of the third waveguide 2c.
  • the first width and the third width also do not match in this embodiment.
  • the cross-section of the waveguide assembly 2 shows a two-dimensional array of waveguides 2a, 2b, 2c. In this embodiment describes the
  • Waveguide array 2 a 5 x 5 matrix that is, the waveguides 2a, 2b, 2c are arranged in five rows and five columns.
  • Geometry of the waveguides 2a, 2b, 2c By choosing the geometry of the waveguides 2a, 2b, 2c, the waveguides 2a, 2b, 2c can be modified so that they have a low coupling with each other. By means of a geometry-adjustable phase difference between the waveguides 2a, 2b, 2c, the maximum coupling power can be reduced to -20 dB to -30 dB and less. For such coupling powers is an interference of the radiation transported by the waveguides 2a, 2b, 2c in the far field and thus a
  • Two-dimensional matrix are arranged, a beam deflection in two directions, in the x and y direction, possible. Due to the different geometries of the waveguides 2a, 2b, 2c, the waveguides 2a, 2b, 2c can thus be arranged more densely than in the case where the geometries of all waveguides 2a,
  • a minimum distance is defined by the distance between two adjacent waveguides 2a, 2b, 2c, in which an interference of the radiation transported by the waveguides 2a, 2b, 2c in the far field is just possible.
  • the waveguides 2a, 2b, 2c in Fig. 1 can be arranged very compact due to their geometry.
  • Waveguide assembly 2 each have a height of 220 nm.
  • the first width of the first waveguide 2a is 300 nm
  • the second width of the second waveguide 2b is 450 nm
  • the third width of the third waveguide 2c is 600 nm
  • Waveguides 2a, 2b, 2c are silicon nitride (SiN) waveguides in S1O2 in this exemplary embodiment.
  • This waveguide assembly 2 can be used for a LiDAR system 101 operating at a wavelength of 905 nm.
  • the waveguide assembly 2 comprises a first waveguide 2a having a first width and a second waveguide 2a
  • Waveguide 2b with a second width is the same width as Waveguide 2b.
  • the waveguides 2a, 2b, 2c of FIG. 1 are made in SiN.
  • the waveguides 2a, 2b, 2c all have a rectangular
  • the height of the waveguides is 220 nm.
  • the first waveguide 2a has a width of 300 nm
  • the second waveguide 2b has a width of 450 nm
  • the third waveguide has a width of 600 nm.
  • the minimum distance between adjacent waveguides 2a, 2b, 2c is 1 ⁇ . If the waveguides 2a, 2b, 2c all had a width of 450 nm, then the minimum distance between two adjacent waveguides 2a, 2b, 2c, in which the maximum coupling strength is sufficiently small, so that interference in the far field is still possible, at 3 ⁇ .
  • a maximum deflection angle of ⁇ 8.5 ° would thus be possible, while in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1 with the aforementioned different widths of the waveguides 2a, 2b, 2c a maximum deflection angle of ⁇ 27 ° is reached.
  • the at least partially different widths of the waveguides 2a, 2b, 2c can in
  • Manufacturing process can be realized by appropriate changes of the mask.
  • the heights of the waveguides 2 a, 2 b, 2 c may be selected at least partially differently.
  • the cross-sectional area of the waveguides 2a, 2b, 2c can also be selected at least partially differently. For example
  • the waveguides 2 a, 2 b, 2 c of the waveguide arrangement 2 may have at least partially different cross-sectional areas.
  • everyone Difference in the dimensioning of adjacent waveguides 2a, 2b, 2c leads to a change in the maximum coupling power.
  • Coupling at least one wavelength of the radiation transported in the first waveguide 2a into the adjacent second waveguide 2b is reduced or prevented by different dimensioning of the first waveguide 2a and of the second waveguide 2b.
  • the choice of material for the waveguide is not limited to SiN.
  • waveguides 2a, 2b, 2c of the waveguide arrangement 2 in silicon (Si), silicon oxynitride (SiON), aluminum nitride (AIN), silicon dioxide (S1O2), germanium (Ge), organic materials, and III-V semiconductors.
  • Fig. 2 is a three-dimensional view of the waveguide assembly 2 of Fig. 1 is shown.
  • FIG. 3 shows a section 20 of the two-dimensional matrix from FIG. 1, in which the waveguides 2 a, 2 b, 2 c are arranged. There are three beams 3a, 3b, 3c sketched, due to the at least partially different optical properties of the first
  • Waveguide 2a, the second waveguide 2b and the third waveguide 2c are deflected different degrees.
  • the different distraction is achieved by being at least partially different but specific
  • Phase profiles are impressed on the light in the waveguide.
  • the phase of the light in each waveguide 2a, 2b, 2c can be adjusted. This is done for example by heaters in each waveguide 2a, 2b, 2c, but also by differences in transit time or by means of any optical phase shifter.
  • the beam is not deflected while the maximum deflection angle is achieved when there is a maximum phase difference of ⁇ between adjacent waveguides 2a, 2b, 2c.
  • FIG. 4 shows a block diagram of a LiDAR system 101.
  • a LiDAR system 101 includes a beam deflector 102. The
  • Beam deflector 102 is adapted to the beam deflector 102 impinging radiation at an adjustable deflection angle
  • the beam deflector 102 includes in this
  • Embodiment of an inventive OPA 1 Radiation emitted by a radiation source 103, applies to the OPA 1, as
  • Beam deflection device 102 is used.
  • a laser is used in this embodiment. It can generally be both a polychromatic and a monochromatic
  • Radiation source 103 can be used.
  • the OPA 1 deflects the radiation so that it is directed to an object 104 to be examined.
  • the radiation is at least partially scattered back by the object 104 and by a
  • Detection unit 105 detected.
  • a distance to the object 104, its composition and shape can be determined.
  • An OPA 1 according to the invention can furthermore be used as a beam deflecting device 102 of more complex LiDAR systems 101, which, for example, allow an investigation of substance concentrations present in the object 104 to be examined.
  • an OPA 1 according to the invention can be used in particular in areas where robust, compact beam deflecting devices 102 are required, which allow large deflection angles.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Optical Radar Systems And Details Thereof (AREA)
  • Instruments For Measurement Of Length By Optical Means (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un dispositif optique commandé par phase, comportant un système de conducteurs optiques (2), caractérisé en ce que le système de conducteurs optiques (2) comprend un premier conducteur optique (2a) présentant une première dimension et un deuxième conducteur optique (2b) présentant une deuxième dimension, la première dimension du premier conducteur optique (2a) étant différente de la deuxième dimension du deuxième conducteur optique (2b), la première dimension du premier conducteur optique (2a) et la deuxième dimension du deuxième conducteur optique (2b) étant choisies de telle manière qu'une injection de lumière d'au moins une longueur d'onde prédéterminée, du premier conducteur optique (2a) dans le deuxième conducteur optique (2b), est amortie.
EP16788080.6A 2015-12-18 2016-10-26 Dispositif optique commandé par phase et système de lidar Withdrawn EP3391109A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102015225863.7A DE102015225863A1 (de) 2015-12-18 2015-12-18 Optische phasengesteuerte Anordnung und LiDAR System
PCT/EP2016/075781 WO2017102156A1 (fr) 2015-12-18 2016-10-26 Dispositif optique commandé par phase et système de lidar

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3391109A1 true EP3391109A1 (fr) 2018-10-24

Family

ID=57209458

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP16788080.6A Withdrawn EP3391109A1 (fr) 2015-12-18 2016-10-26 Dispositif optique commandé par phase et système de lidar

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3391109A1 (fr)
CN (1) CN108369313B (fr)
DE (1) DE102015225863A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2017102156A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11536805B2 (en) * 2018-06-25 2022-12-27 Silc Technologies, Inc. Optical switching for tuning direction of LIDAR output signals
DE102018216142A1 (de) * 2018-09-21 2020-03-26 Robert Bosch Gmbh Optische Anordnung
FR3096788B1 (fr) 2019-05-29 2021-06-11 Thales Sa Système lidar comprenant un élément diffractif interférentiel et procédé d'imagerie lidar
US11703598B2 (en) 2019-11-18 2023-07-18 Silc Technologies, Inc. Steering of LIDAR output signals
FR3105450B1 (fr) 2019-12-19 2023-08-25 Thales Sa Composant optoelectronique comprenant sur un substrat unique un transducteur optique en materiau semi-conducteur iii-v et un microsysteme electromecanique a balayage optique
FR3105439B1 (fr) 2019-12-20 2022-01-14 Thales Sa Systeme lidar comprenant deux composatns diffractifs
CN111624791A (zh) * 2020-07-02 2020-09-04 联合微电子中心有限责任公司 热光移相器、热光移相器网络及光电装置
CN115053172A (zh) * 2020-11-02 2022-09-13 深圳市速腾聚创科技有限公司 一种移相器、光相控阵以及光相控阵的制备方法
CN115407577A (zh) * 2021-05-28 2022-11-29 华为技术有限公司 光学相控板、制造方法和光学相控阵系统
CN116106862B (zh) * 2023-04-10 2023-08-04 深圳市速腾聚创科技有限公司 光芯片、激光雷达、自动驾驶系统及可移动设备
EP4446778A1 (fr) 2023-04-12 2024-10-16 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Dispositif d'imagerie lidar amélioré

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DE3506569A1 (de) * 1985-02-25 1986-08-28 Manfred Prof. Dr. 7900 Ulm Börner Integrierte resonatormatrix zum wellenlaengenselektiven trennen bzw. zusammenfuegen von kanaelen im frequenzbereich der optischen nachrichtentechnik
WO1995022070A1 (fr) * 1994-02-11 1995-08-17 Philips Electronics N.V. Dispositif optique a reseau pilote en phase
EP0786677B1 (fr) * 1996-01-25 2001-06-27 Infineon Technologies AG Méthode d'opération d'un réseau de phase
TW472024B (en) * 1997-06-18 2002-01-11 Corning Corp A method of positioning a broken fiber for threading
US6256442B1 (en) * 1999-09-08 2001-07-03 Corning Incorporated Athermal integrated optical waveguide device
US9581762B2 (en) * 2012-09-16 2017-02-28 Shalom Wertsberger Pixel structure using a tapered core waveguide, image sensors and camera using same
KR102181537B1 (ko) * 2013-01-08 2020-11-23 메사추세츠 인스티튜트 오브 테크놀로지 광학 위상 어레이들
US9104086B1 (en) * 2014-02-24 2015-08-11 Sandia Corporation Method and apparatus of wide-angle optical beamsteering from a nanoantenna phased array

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102015225863A1 (de) 2017-06-22
WO2017102156A1 (fr) 2017-06-22
CN108369313A (zh) 2018-08-03
CN108369313B (zh) 2020-08-14

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