EP3391006B1 - Device for detecting a leak in a sealed enclosure - Google Patents

Device for detecting a leak in a sealed enclosure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3391006B1
EP3391006B1 EP16813103.5A EP16813103A EP3391006B1 EP 3391006 B1 EP3391006 B1 EP 3391006B1 EP 16813103 A EP16813103 A EP 16813103A EP 3391006 B1 EP3391006 B1 EP 3391006B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
diode
enclosure
leak
sealed enclosure
processing circuit
Prior art date
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Application number
EP16813103.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3391006A1 (en
Inventor
Claude Chabrol
Jean-Yves Laurent
Julien ROUTIN
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Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01M—TESTING STATIC OR DYNAMIC BALANCE OF MACHINES OR STRUCTURES; TESTING OF STRUCTURES OR APPARATUS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • G01M3/00—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures
    • G01M3/02—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum
    • G01M3/04—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point
    • G01M3/042—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point by using materials which expand, contract, disintegrate, or decompose in contact with a fluid
    • G01M3/045—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point by using materials which expand, contract, disintegrate, or decompose in contact with a fluid with electrical detection means
    • G01M3/047—Investigating fluid-tightness of structures by using fluid or vacuum by detecting the presence of fluid at the leakage point by using materials which expand, contract, disintegrate, or decompose in contact with a fluid with electrical detection means with photo-electrical detection means, e.g. using optical fibres
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N5/0601—Apparatus for use inside the body
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N5/0613—Apparatus adapted for a specific treatment
    • A61N5/0622—Optical stimulation for exciting neural tissue
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
    • A61N5/00—Radiation therapy
    • A61N5/06—Radiation therapy using light
    • A61N2005/065—Light sources therefor
    • A61N2005/0651—Diodes
    • A61N2005/0653—Organic light emitting diodes
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N2201/00—Features of devices classified in G01N21/00
    • G01N2201/06—Illumination; Optics
    • G01N2201/062—LED's
    • G01N2201/0628—Organic LED [OLED]
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
    • H01L23/00—Details of semiconductor or other solid state devices
    • H01L23/16—Fillings or auxiliary members in containers or encapsulations, e.g. centering rings
    • H01L23/18—Fillings characterised by the material, its physical or chemical properties, or its arrangement within the complete device
    • H01L23/26—Fillings characterised by the material, its physical or chemical properties, or its arrangement within the complete device including materials for absorbing or reacting with moisture or other undesired substances, e.g. getters

Definitions

  • the present application relates to a device for detecting a leak in a hermetic enclosure.
  • the present application relates in particular to the detection of a leak in a hermetic enclosure intended to be implanted in the human or animal body.
  • the device may include a biocompatible enclosure or case hermetically encapsulating the non-biocompatible components.
  • the airtightness of the housing makes it possible in particular to prevent physiological liquid from coming into contact with the non-biocompatible components of the device, which could cause intoxication of the patient.
  • the hermeticity of the casing also makes it possible to limit the risks of corrosion of the components of the device.
  • the document WO2008082362 describes an example of an encapsulated device incorporating a gas permeability sensor.
  • the article entitled "Thin-film encapsulation of organic light-emitting devices" by AP Gosh et al presents a study on the encapsulation layers of organic light-emitting diodes.
  • the document US2013 / 194199 describes a display device based on organic light-emitting diodes, comprising photodiodes.
  • one embodiment provides a device for detecting a leak in a hermetic enclosure, comprising an organic light-emitting diode intended to be placed inside the enclosure; and a device for measuring a quantity representative of at least one of the following parameters: a) the light output of the diode; and b) the impedance of the diode.
  • the device further comprises a processing circuit suitable for comparing said magnitude with one or more reference values, and for deducing therefrom the possible presence of oxygen or humidity in abnormal proportions inside. of the enclosure.
  • the processing circuit is suitable for controlling an alarm.
  • the measuring device comprises a photodetector placed vis-à-vis the organic light-emitting diode.
  • the photodetector is made from an inorganic semiconductor material.
  • Another embodiment provides a medical device comprising a biocompatible hermetic enclosure, and a device for detecting a leak in the hermetic enclosure as defined above.
  • the hermetic enclosure is transparent and contains a source of optical stimulation of the brain.
  • the hermetic enclosure comprises a transparent tube.
  • the tube is hermetically closed at its ends by stoppers.
  • the device comprises electrical connection elements passing through at least one of the plugs and electrically connecting components located inside the tube outside the enclosure.
  • OLED organic light-emitting diode
  • OLEDs organic light-emitting diodes
  • the figure 1 is a schematic representation of an example of an embodiment of a device for detecting a leak in a hermetic enclosure (not shown).
  • the device of the figure 1 comprises an organic light-emitting diode 101 (OLED) intended to be placed inside the hermetic enclosure.
  • Diode 101 comprises at least one layer of an organic semiconductor material arranged between an anode electrode and a cathode electrode of the diode. When a suitable current is applied between the anode and the cathode of the diode 101, photons are generated by the organic semiconductor layer, and the diode 101 emits light.
  • OLED organic light-emitting diode 101
  • the device of the figure 1 further comprises a module or circuit 103 for supplying and controlling (CMD) diode 101, connected to the anode and to the cathode of diode 101.
  • the module 103 comprises for example an electric battery or any other source of energy. 'suitable power supply, as well as a circuit for controlling the diode 101 in the on or off state.
  • the device of the figure 1 further comprises a photodetector 105 arranged opposite the diode 101, adapted to supply an electrical signal representative of the light intensity emitted by the diode 101.
  • the photodetector 105 is for example a photodiode.
  • the photodetector 105 can be made from an inorganic semiconductor material, for example silicon.
  • the device of the figure 1 furthermore comprises a module or circuit 107 for reading (RD) of an electrical quantity representative of the level of illumination received by the photodetector 105.
  • RD reading
  • the device of the figure 1 comprises a processing circuit 109 ( ⁇ C), comprising for example a microprocessor, this circuit being connected to the read module 107 and can also be connected to the power supply and control module 103.
  • ⁇ C processing circuit 109
  • the device 103 controls the switching on of the diode 101.
  • the device 103 applies for example to the diode 101 a predetermined fixed supply voltage, or a predetermined fixed supply current, or a predetermined fixed supply power (current * voltage).
  • the assembly formed by the photodetector 105 and the reading module 107 measures a quantity representative of the light intensity emitted by the diode 101. From this measurement, and knowing the power supply power supplied to the diode 101, the processing circuit 109 can estimate the light output of the diode 101.
  • the processing circuit 109 compares the measured output with one or more reference values, and can thus detect an abnormal decrease in the light output of the light.
  • the processing circuit 109 can deduce from this that the oxygen level and / or the humidity level inside the enclosure is abnormally. high, which led to prematurely degrading the efficiency of the diode.
  • the processing circuit 109 can in particular deduce therefrom the presence of a leak in the hermetic enclosure containing the diode 101. When the processing circuit 109 detects a leak in the enclosure, it triggers for example an alarm to signal this leak.
  • a phase of characterization of the diode 101 can be provided for in the design of the device.
  • the change over time of the light output of the diode 101 can be determined on the one hand for normal use of the device, that is to say in the absence of leakage in the hermetic enclosure containing the diode 101, and on the other hand in the event of a leak.
  • the laws of variation of the light output determined during the characterization phase can be stored in the processing circuit 109, for example in the form of tables.
  • the figure 2 is a schematic representation of an alternative embodiment of the leak detection device of the figure 1 .
  • the device of the figure 2 differs from the device of the figure 1 mainly in that it does not include the photodetector 105 and the reading module 107 of the device of the figure 1 .
  • the supply and control module 103 (CMD) of the diode 101 is adapted to measure the impedance of the diode 101.
  • the module 103 is for example adapted to apply a predetermined voltage between the anode and the cathode of the diode 101, and measuring the current flowing through the diode 101 while this voltage is applied.
  • the module 103 is adapted to apply a predetermined current between the anode and the cathode of the diode 101, and to measure the voltage across the terminals of the diode 101 while this current is applied.
  • the power supply and control module 103 of the diode 101 is adapted to communicate to the processing circuit 109 the measured impedance values.
  • the device 103 measures the impedance of the diode 101, for example in the on state (that is to say that the voltage and the current applied to the diode 101 during the measurement impedance are adapted to cause the ignition of the diode 101).
  • Circuit 109 compares the measured impedance value with one or more reference values, and can thus detect an abnormal increase in the impedance of diode 101, and deduce the presence of moisture or oxygen in abnormal proportions. inside the enclosure.
  • the processing circuit 109 can in particular deduce therefrom the presence of a leak in the hermetic enclosure containing the diode 101, and, where appropriate, trigger an alarm to signal this leak.
  • a phase of characterizing the diode 101 can be provided for in the design of the device.
  • the change over time of the impedance of diode 101 can be determined on the one hand for use normal of the device, that is to say in the absence of a leak in the hermetic enclosure containing the diode 101, and secondly in the event of a leak.
  • the laws of variation of the impedance determined during the characterization phase can be stored in the processing circuit 109, for example in the form of tables.
  • the leak detection device can use both measurements representative of the light output of diode 101 and measurements representative of the impedance of diode 101 to detect any variation the humidity level or the oxygen level in the hermetic enclosure containing the diode 101, and deduce therefrom the presence of a leak in this enclosure.
  • the figure 3 is a sectional view schematically and partially showing an example of an embodiment of a medical device comprising an implantable biocompatible hermetic enclosure 301 and a device of the type described in relation to the figures 1 and 2 making it possible to detect the possible presence of a leak in the enclosure 301.
  • the device of the figure 3 is a device for optical stimulation of internal organs of the human or animal body, for example a device for deep optical stimulation of the brain.
  • the enclosure 301 contains a stimulation light source (not shown), and is intended to be implanted inside the brain, opposite a part of the brain that it is desired to stimulate.
  • the enclosure 301 comprises a tube 303 made of a transparent biocompatible material, for example sapphire or silica, inside which the stimulation light source is placed.
  • the tube 303 has for example a circular section.
  • the width of the tube 303 (that is to say its diameter in the case of a tube with a circular section) is between 0.5 and 5 mm, and its length is between 1 and 10 mm.
  • the enclosure 301 further comprises plugs 305 and 307 hermetically closing the tube 303 at its ends. Caps 305 and 307 are eg transparent.
  • the plugs 305 and 307 are made of the same transparent biocompatible material as the tube 303.
  • the plug 305 is welded over its entire periphery to a first end of the tube 303 by a biocompatible hermetic solder 309, for example a solder. so.
  • the plug 307 is welded over its entire periphery to the opposite end of the tube 303 by a biocompatible hermetic solder 311, for example a gold solder.
  • the fixing of the plugs 305 and 307 to the ends of the tube 303 is for example carried out by thermosonic welding or by thermocompression.
  • the housing 109 is closed under neutral atmosphere (without oxygen), for example under nitrogen or argon.
  • the device of the figure 3 further comprises a leak detection device of the type described in relation to the figure 1 .
  • the organic light-emitting diode 101 of the leak detection device is arranged inside the enclosure 301.
  • the photodetector 105 of the leak detection device is also arranged inside the enclosure, facing each other. of the diode 101.
  • the power supply and control module 103 of the diode 101, the reading module 107 of the photodetector 105 and the processing circuit 109 of the leak detection device are arranged outside the enclosure 301.
  • the elements 103, 107 and 109 can be arranged outside the patient's body, or be implanted in another part of the patient's body (outside the brain).
  • each electrical connection element 313 passing through the enclosure 301 electrically connect the components located in the enclosure, and in particular the diode 101 and the photodetector 105, to the outside of the enclosure.
  • each electrical connection element 313 comprises a conductive rod passing right through the plug 307 via a hole or via drilled in this plug.
  • Each of the vias is hermetically sealed by a solder 315, for example a gold solder.
  • a connecting cable can be provided to electrically connect the electrical connection elements 313 to the modules 103 and 107.
  • the leak detection devices described can equip any type of biocompatible hermetic case (transparent or not) intended to be implanted in the body of a patient.
  • the leak detection devices described are particularly simple to implement. In addition, these devices are suitable for detecting leaks in small volume enclosures. Furthermore, it will be noted that the organic light-emitting diode 101 can be used not only for monitoring the tightness of the enclosure in which it is placed, but also for other functions, for example as a light emitter for irradiation. optics of the patient's brain in the case of an optical stimulation device of the type described in relation to the figure 3 .

Description

La présente demande de brevet revendique la priorité de la demande de brevet français FR15/62697 .The present patent application claims the priority of the French patent application FR15 / 62697 .

DomaineField

La présente demande concerne un dispositif de détection d'une fuite dans une enceinte hermétique. La présente demande concerne en particulier la détection d'une fuite dans une enceinte hermétique destinée à être implantée dans le corps humain ou animal.The present application relates to a device for detecting a leak in a hermetic enclosure. The present application relates in particular to the detection of a leak in a hermetic enclosure intended to be implanted in the human or animal body.

Exposé de l'art antérieurDisclosure of prior art

Il existe un besoin croissant pour des dispositifs électroniques implantables dans le corps humain ou animal, par exemple pour la mise en oeuvre de stimulations électriques ou optiques d'organes internes du corps humain ou animal. Ces dispositifs peuvent notamment comporter des circuits électroniques intégrant des matériaux non biocompatibles. Dans ce cas, le dispositif peut comporter une enceinte ou un boîtier biocompatible encapsulant de façon hermétique les composants non biocompatibles. L'herméticité du boîtier permet notamment d'éviter que du liquide physiologique n'entre en contact avec les composants non biocompatibles du dispositif, ce qui pourrait provoquer une intoxication du patient. L'herméticité du boîtier permet en outre de limiter les risques de corrosion des composants du dispositif.There is a growing need for electronic devices implantable in the human or animal body, for example for the implementation of electrical or optical stimulation of internal organs of the human or animal body. These devices can in particular include electronic circuits incorporating non-biocompatible materials. In this case, the device may include a biocompatible enclosure or case hermetically encapsulating the non-biocompatible components. The airtightness of the housing makes it possible in particular to prevent physiological liquid from coming into contact with the non-biocompatible components of the device, which could cause intoxication of the patient. The hermeticity of the casing also makes it possible to limit the risks of corrosion of the components of the device.

Pour améliorer la sécurité du patient, il serait souhaitable de pouvoir détecter in-situ, c'est-à-dire sans avoir à retirer le dispositif du corps du patient, une éventuelle fuite dans une enceinte hermétique d'un dispositif médical implantable.To improve the safety of the patient, it would be desirable to be able to detect in situ, that is to say without having to remove the device from the patient's body, a possible leak in a hermetic enclosure of an implantable medical device.

Diverses méthodes ont été proposées pour détecter une fuite dans un boîtier hermétique. Ces méthodes sont toutefois relativement complexes, et, pour certaines, ne peuvent être mises en oeuvre qu'à l'extérieur du corps du patient. En outre, les méthodes connues sont mal adaptées à la détection de fuite dans des enceintes de petit volume, par exemple de volume inférieur à 10 mm3, que l'on peut rencontrer dans le domaine des dispositifs médicaux implantables.Various methods have been proposed for detecting a leak in a hermetic case. However, these methods are relatively complex, and, for some, can only be implemented outside the patient's body. In addition, the known methods are ill-suited to the detection of leaks in enclosures of small volume, for example of a volume of less than 10 mm 3 , which may be encountered in the field of implantable medical devices.

Le document WO2008082362 décrit un exemple de dispositif encapsulé intégrant un capteur de perméabilité au gaz. L'article intitulé "Thin-film encapsulation of organic light-emitting devices" de A. P. Gosh et al (Applied Physics Letters, vol. 86, no. 22, 1 janvier 205 ) présente une étude sur des couches d'encapsulation de diodes électroluminescentes organiques. Le document US2013/194199 décrit un dispositif d'affichage à base de diodes électroluminescentes organiques, comportant des photodiodes.The document WO2008082362 describes an example of an encapsulated device incorporating a gas permeability sensor. The article entitled "Thin-film encapsulation of organic light-emitting devices" by AP Gosh et al (Applied Physics Letters, vol. 86, no. 22, January 1, 205 ) presents a study on the encapsulation layers of organic light-emitting diodes. The document US2013 / 194199 describes a display device based on organic light-emitting diodes, comprising photodiodes.

Résumésummary

Ainsi, un mode de réalisation prévoit un dispositif de détection d'une fuite dans une enceinte hermétique, comportant une diode électroluminescente organique destinée à être placée à l'intérieur de l'enceinte ; et un dispositif de mesure d'une grandeur représentative d'au moins l'un des paramètres suivants : a) le rendement lumineux de la diode ; et b) l'impédance de la diode.Thus, one embodiment provides a device for detecting a leak in a hermetic enclosure, comprising an organic light-emitting diode intended to be placed inside the enclosure; and a device for measuring a quantity representative of at least one of the following parameters: a) the light output of the diode; and b) the impedance of the diode.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le dispositif comprend en outre un circuit de traitement adapté à comparer ladite grandeur à une ou plusieurs valeurs de référence, et à en déduire la présence éventuelle d'oxygène ou d'humidité dans des proportions anormales à l'intérieur de l'enceinte.According to one embodiment, the device further comprises a processing circuit suitable for comparing said magnitude with one or more reference values, and for deducing therefrom the possible presence of oxygen or humidity in abnormal proportions inside. of the enclosure.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le circuit de traitement est adapté à commander une alarme.According to one embodiment, the processing circuit is suitable for controlling an alarm.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le dispositif de mesure comprend un photodétecteur placé en vis-à-vis de la diode électroluminescente organique.According to one embodiment, the measuring device comprises a photodetector placed vis-à-vis the organic light-emitting diode.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le photodétecteur est réalisé à base d'un matériau semiconducteur inorganique.According to one embodiment, the photodetector is made from an inorganic semiconductor material.

Un autre mode de réalisation prévoit un dispositif médical comportant une enceinte hermétique biocompatible, et un dispositif de détection d'une fuite dans l'enceinte hermétique tel que défini ci-dessus.Another embodiment provides a medical device comprising a biocompatible hermetic enclosure, and a device for detecting a leak in the hermetic enclosure as defined above.

Selon un mode de réalisation, l'enceinte hermétique est transparente et contient une source de stimulation optique du cerveau.According to one embodiment, the hermetic enclosure is transparent and contains a source of optical stimulation of the brain.

Selon un mode de réalisation, l'enceinte hermétique comprend un tube transparent.According to one embodiment, the hermetic enclosure comprises a transparent tube.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le tube est fermé hermétiquement à ses extrémités par des bouchons.According to one embodiment, the tube is hermetically closed at its ends by stoppers.

Selon un mode de réalisation, le dispositif comporte des éléments de connexion électrique traversant au moins l'un des bouchons et reliant électriquement à l'extérieur de l'enceinte des composants situés à l'intérieur du tube.According to one embodiment, the device comprises electrical connection elements passing through at least one of the plugs and electrically connecting components located inside the tube outside the enclosure.

Brève description des dessinsBrief description of the drawings

Ces caractéristiques et avantages, ainsi que d'autres, seront exposés en détail dans la description suivante de modes de réalisation particuliers faite à titre non limitatif en relation avec les figures jointes parmi lesquelles :

  • la figure 1 représente schématiquement un exemple d'un mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de détection de la présence d'une fuite dans une enceinte hermétique ;
  • la figure 2 représente schématiquement une variante de réalisation du dispositif de la figure 1 ; et
  • la figure 3 illustre schématiquement un exemple d'un mode de réalisation d'un dispositif médical comportant une enceinte hermétique biocompatible et un dispositif de détection de la présence d'une fuite dans cette enceinte.
These characteristics and advantages, as well as others, will be explained in detail in the following description of particular embodiments given without limitation in relation to the accompanying figures, among which:
  • the figure 1 schematically shows an example of an embodiment of a device for detecting the presence of a leak in a hermetic enclosure;
  • the figure 2 schematically shows an alternative embodiment of the device of the figure 1 ; and
  • the figure 3 schematically illustrates an example of an embodiment of a medical device comprising a biocompatible hermetic enclosure and a device for detecting the presence of a leak in this enclosure.

Description détailléedetailed description

De mêmes éléments ont été désignés par de mêmes références aux différentes figures et, de plus, les diverses figures ne sont pas tracées à l'échelle. Par souci de clarté, seuls les éléments qui sont utiles à la compréhension des modes de réalisation décrits ont été représentés et sont détaillés. En particulier, les divers composants (autres que les composants du dispositif de détection de fuite) susceptibles d'être disposés dans un boîtier biocompatible hermétique en vue d'une implantation dans le corps d'un patient n'ont pas été représentés et ne sont pas détaillés, les modes de réalisation décrits étant compatibles avec tous les dispositifs implantables connus comportant un boîtier d'encapsulation hermétique. Sauf précision contraire, les expressions "approximativement", "sensiblement", et "de l'ordre de" signifient à 10 % près, de préférence à 5 % près.The same elements have been designated by the same references in the various figures and, moreover, the various figures are not drawn to scale. For the sake of clarity, only the elements which are useful for understanding the embodiments described have been shown and are detailed. In In particular, the various components (other than the components of the leak detection device) capable of being placed in a biocompatible hermetic case with a view to implantation in the body of a patient have not been shown and are not detailed, the described embodiments being compatible with all known implantable devices comprising a hermetic encapsulation case. Unless otherwise specified, the expressions "approximately", "substantially", and "of the order of" mean within 10%, preferably within 5%.

Selon un aspect d'un mode de réalisation, on prévoit d'utiliser une diode électroluminescente organique (OLED) disposée à l'intérieur d'une enceinte hermétique pour détecter la présence éventuelle d'une fuite dans cette enceinte.According to one aspect of an embodiment, provision is made to use an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) disposed inside a hermetic enclosure to detect the possible presence of a leak in this enclosure.

Il est connu que les diodes électroluminescentes organiques (OLED) voient leurs performances se dégrader en présence d'humidité ou d'oxygène. En particulier, en présence d'humidité ou d'oxygène, le rendement lumineux d'une diode électroluminescente organique décroit rapidement, et son impédance augmente rapidement.It is known that organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) see their performance deteriorate in the presence of humidity or oxygen. In particular, in the presence of humidity or oxygen, the light output of an organic light emitting diode decreases rapidly, and its impedance increases rapidly.

Selon un aspect d'un mode de réalisation, on prévoit d'exploiter ce défaut connu des diodes électroluminescentes organiques pour détecter une présence d'humidité ou d'oxygène dans des proportions anormales dans une enceinte hermétique, et en déduire la présence possible d'une fuite dans l'enceinte.According to one aspect of an embodiment, provision is made to exploit this known defect of organic light-emitting diodes to detect the presence of humidity or oxygen in abnormal proportions in a hermetic enclosure, and to deduce therefrom the possible presence of a leak in the enclosure.

La figure 1 est une représentation schématique d'un exemple d'un mode de réalisation d'un dispositif de détection d'une fuite dans une enceinte hermétique (non représentée).The figure 1 is a schematic representation of an example of an embodiment of a device for detecting a leak in a hermetic enclosure (not shown).

Le dispositif de la figure 1 comporte une diode électroluminescente organique 101 (OLED) destinée à être placée à l'intérieur de l'enceinte hermétique. La diode 101 comprend au moins une couche en un matériau semiconducteur organique disposée entre une électrode d'anode et une électrode de cathode de la diode. Lorsqu'un courant adapté est appliqué entre l'anode et la cathode de la diode 101, des photons sont générés par la couche semiconductrice organique, et la diode 101 émet de la lumière. On notera qu'il existe de nombreuses technologies de réalisation de diodes électroluminescentes organiques, basées sur l'utilisation de matériaux semiconducteurs organiques différents, et/ou sur des agencements différents de ces matériaux. Toutefois, toutes les diodes électroluminescentes organiques connues ont pour point commun d'être particulièrement sensibles à l'humidité et/ou à l'oxygène. Ainsi, les modes de réalisation décrits peuvent être mis en oeuvre quel que soit le type de la diode électroluminescente organique 101 utilisée.The device of the figure 1 comprises an organic light-emitting diode 101 (OLED) intended to be placed inside the hermetic enclosure. Diode 101 comprises at least one layer of an organic semiconductor material arranged between an anode electrode and a cathode electrode of the diode. When a suitable current is applied between the anode and the cathode of the diode 101, photons are generated by the organic semiconductor layer, and the diode 101 emits light. We It will be noted that there are many technologies for producing organic light-emitting diodes, based on the use of different organic semiconductor materials, and / or on different arrangements of these materials. However, all known organic light-emitting diodes have the common feature of being particularly sensitive to humidity and / or oxygen. Thus, the embodiments described can be implemented regardless of the type of organic light-emitting diode 101 used.

Le dispositif de la figure 1 comprend en outre un module ou circuit 103 d'alimentation et de commande (CMD) de la diode 101, connecté à l'anode et à la cathode de la diode 101. Le module 103 comprend par exemple une batterie électrique ou toute autre source d'alimentation adaptée, ainsi qu'un circuit permettant de commander la diode 101 à l'état allumé ou éteint.The device of the figure 1 further comprises a module or circuit 103 for supplying and controlling (CMD) diode 101, connected to the anode and to the cathode of diode 101. The module 103 comprises for example an electric battery or any other source of energy. 'suitable power supply, as well as a circuit for controlling the diode 101 in the on or off state.

Le dispositif de la figure 1 comprend de plus un photodétecteur 105 disposé en regard de la diode 101, adapté à fournir un signal électrique représentatif de l'intensité lumineuse émise par la diode 101. Le photodétecteur 105 est par exemple une photodiode. Le photodétecteur 105 peut être réalisé à base d'un matériau semiconducteur inorganique, par exemple du silicium.The device of the figure 1 further comprises a photodetector 105 arranged opposite the diode 101, adapted to supply an electrical signal representative of the light intensity emitted by the diode 101. The photodetector 105 is for example a photodiode. The photodetector 105 can be made from an inorganic semiconductor material, for example silicon.

Le dispositif de la figure 1 comprend par ailleurs un module ou circuit 107 de lecture (RD) d'une grandeur électrique représentative du niveau d'éclairement reçu par le photodétecteur 105.The device of the figure 1 furthermore comprises a module or circuit 107 for reading (RD) of an electrical quantity representative of the level of illumination received by the photodetector 105.

De plus, le dispositif de la figure 1 comprend un circuit de traitement 109 (µC), comportant par exemple un microprocesseur, ce circuit étant relié au module de lecture 107 et pouvant en outre être relié au module d'alimentation et de commande 103.In addition, the device of the figure 1 comprises a processing circuit 109 (μC), comprising for example a microprocessor, this circuit being connected to the read module 107 and can also be connected to the power supply and control module 103.

Le fonctionnement du dispositif de la figure 1 est le suivant. Lors d'une phase de détection, le dispositif 103 commande l'allumage de la diode 101. Pour cela, le dispositif 103 applique par exemple à la diode 101 une tension d'alimentation fixe prédéterminée, ou un courant d'alimentation fixe prédéterminé, ou une puissance (courant*tension) d'alimentation fixe prédéterminée. Lorsque la diode 101 est allumée, l'ensemble formé par le photodétecteur 105 et le module de lecture 107 mesure une grandeur représentative de l'intensité lumineuse émise par la diode 101. A partir de cette mesure, et connaissant la puissance d'alimentation électrique fournie à la diode 101, le circuit de traitement 109 peut estimer le rendement lumineux de la diode 101. Le circuit de traitement 109 compare le rendement mesuré à une ou plusieurs valeurs de référence, et peut ainsi détecter une diminution anormale du rendement lumineux de la diode 101, et en déduire la présence d'humidité ou d'oxygène dans des proportions anormales à l'intérieur de l'enceinte. En particulier, si le rendement lumineux de la diode 101 est plus faible qu'attendu, le circuit de traitement 109 peut en déduire que le taux d'oxygène et/ou le taux d'humidité à l'intérieur de l'enceinte est anormalement élevé, ce qui a conduit à dégrader prématurément le rendement de la diode. Le circuit de traitement 109 peut notamment en déduire la présence d'une fuite dans l'enceinte hermétique contenant la diode 101. Lorsque le circuit de traitement 109 détecte une fuite dans l'enceinte, il déclenche par exemple une alarme pour signaler cette fuite.The operation of the device figure 1 is the next. During a detection phase, the device 103 controls the switching on of the diode 101. For this, the device 103 applies for example to the diode 101 a predetermined fixed supply voltage, or a predetermined fixed supply current, or a predetermined fixed supply power (current * voltage). When the diode 101 is on, the assembly formed by the photodetector 105 and the reading module 107 measures a quantity representative of the light intensity emitted by the diode 101. From this measurement, and knowing the power supply power supplied to the diode 101, the processing circuit 109 can estimate the light output of the diode 101. The processing circuit 109 compares the measured output with one or more reference values, and can thus detect an abnormal decrease in the light output of the light. diode 101, and deduce therefrom the presence of humidity or oxygen in abnormal proportions inside the enclosure. In particular, if the light output of the diode 101 is lower than expected, the processing circuit 109 can deduce from this that the oxygen level and / or the humidity level inside the enclosure is abnormally. high, which led to prematurely degrading the efficiency of the diode. The processing circuit 109 can in particular deduce therefrom the presence of a leak in the hermetic enclosure containing the diode 101. When the processing circuit 109 detects a leak in the enclosure, it triggers for example an alarm to signal this leak.

Pour déterminer les valeurs de référence de rendement lumineux utilisées par le circuit de traitement 109 pour détecter la présence éventuelle d'une fuite dans l'enceinte, une phase de caractérisation de la diode 101 peut être prévue à la conception du dispositif. En particulier, l'évolution en fonction du temps du rendement lumineux de la diode 101 peut être déterminée d'une part pour une utilisation normale du dispositif, c'est-à-dire en l'absence de fuite dans l'enceinte hermétique contenant la diode 101, et d'autre part en cas de fuite. Les lois de variation du rendement lumineux déterminées lors de la phase de caractérisation peuvent être mémorisées dans le circuit de traitement 109, par exemple sous forme de tables.To determine the light output reference values used by the processing circuit 109 to detect the possible presence of a leak in the enclosure, a phase of characterization of the diode 101 can be provided for in the design of the device. In particular, the change over time of the light output of the diode 101 can be determined on the one hand for normal use of the device, that is to say in the absence of leakage in the hermetic enclosure containing the diode 101, and on the other hand in the event of a leak. The laws of variation of the light output determined during the characterization phase can be stored in the processing circuit 109, for example in the form of tables.

La figure 2 est une représentation schématique d'une variante de réalisation du dispositif de détection de fuite de la figure 1.The figure 2 is a schematic representation of an alternative embodiment of the leak detection device of the figure 1 .

Le dispositif de la figure 2 diffère du dispositif de la figure 1 principalement en ce qu'il ne comprend pas le photodétecteur 105 et le module de lecture 107 du dispositif de la figure 1.The device of the figure 2 differs from the device of the figure 1 mainly in that it does not include the photodetector 105 and the reading module 107 of the device of the figure 1 .

Dans le dispositif de la figure 2, le module 103 d'alimentation et de commande (CMD) de la diode 101 est adapté à mesurer l'impédance de la diode 101. Pour cela, le module 103 est par exemple adapté à appliquer une tension prédéterminée entre l'anode et la cathode de la diode 101, et à mesurer le courant circulant dans la diode 101 pendant que cette tension est appliquée. A titre de variante, le module 103 est adapté à appliquer un courant prédéterminé entre l'anode et la cathode de la diode 101, et à mesurer la tension aux bornes de la diode 101 pendant que ce courant est appliqué. Le module d'alimentation et de commande 103 de la diode 101 est adapté à communiquer au circuit de traitement 109 les valeurs d'impédance mesurées.In the device of the figure 2 , the supply and control module 103 (CMD) of the diode 101 is adapted to measure the impedance of the diode 101. For this, the module 103 is for example adapted to apply a predetermined voltage between the anode and the cathode of the diode 101, and measuring the current flowing through the diode 101 while this voltage is applied. As a variant, the module 103 is adapted to apply a predetermined current between the anode and the cathode of the diode 101, and to measure the voltage across the terminals of the diode 101 while this current is applied. The power supply and control module 103 of the diode 101 is adapted to communicate to the processing circuit 109 the measured impedance values.

Le fonctionnement du dispositif de la figure 2 est le suivant. Lors d'une phase de détection, le dispositif 103 mesure l'impédance de la diode 101, par exemple à l'état allumé (c'est-à-dire que la tension et le courant appliqués à la diode 101 lors de la mesure d'impédance sont adaptés à provoquer l'allumage de la diode 101). Le circuit 109 compare la valeur d'impédance mesurée à une ou plusieurs valeurs de référence, et peut ainsi détecter une augmentation anormale de l'impédance de la diode 101, et en déduire la présence d'humidité ou d'oxygène dans des proportions anormales à l'intérieur de l'enceinte. Le circuit de traitement 109 peut notamment en déduire la présence d'une fuite dans l'enceinte hermétique contenant la diode 101, et, le cas échéant, déclencher une alarme pour signaler cette fuite.The operation of the device figure 2 is the next. During a detection phase, the device 103 measures the impedance of the diode 101, for example in the on state (that is to say that the voltage and the current applied to the diode 101 during the measurement impedance are adapted to cause the ignition of the diode 101). Circuit 109 compares the measured impedance value with one or more reference values, and can thus detect an abnormal increase in the impedance of diode 101, and deduce the presence of moisture or oxygen in abnormal proportions. inside the enclosure. The processing circuit 109 can in particular deduce therefrom the presence of a leak in the hermetic enclosure containing the diode 101, and, where appropriate, trigger an alarm to signal this leak.

Pour déterminer les valeurs de référence d'impédance utilisée par le circuit 109 pour détecter la présence éventuelle d'une fuite dans l'enceinte, une phase de caractérisation de la diode 101 peut être prévue à la conception du dispositif. En particulier, l'évolution en fonction du temps de l'impédance de la diode 101 peut être déterminée d'une part pour une utilisation normale du dispositif, c'est-à-dire en l'absence de fuite dans l'enceinte hermétique contenant la diode 101, et d'autre part en cas de fuite. Les lois de variation de l'impédance déterminées lors de la phase de caractérisation peuvent être mémorisées dans le circuit de traitement 109, par exemple sous forme de tables.To determine the reference values of impedance used by the circuit 109 to detect the possible presence of a leak in the enclosure, a phase of characterizing the diode 101 can be provided for in the design of the device. In particular, the change over time of the impedance of diode 101 can be determined on the one hand for use normal of the device, that is to say in the absence of a leak in the hermetic enclosure containing the diode 101, and secondly in the event of a leak. The laws of variation of the impedance determined during the characterization phase can be stored in the processing circuit 109, for example in the form of tables.

On notera que les variantes de réalisation décrites en relation avec les figures 1 et 2 peuvent être combinées, c'est-à-dire que le dispositif de détection de fuite peut exploiter à la fois des mesures représentatives du rendement lumineux de la diode 101 et des mesures représentatives de l'impédance de la diode 101 pour détecter une éventuelle variation du taux d'humidité ou du taux d'oxygène dans l'enceinte hermétique contenant la diode 101, et en déduire la présence d'une fuite dans cette enceinte.It will be noted that the variant embodiments described in relation to the figures 1 and 2 can be combined, i.e. the leak detection device can use both measurements representative of the light output of diode 101 and measurements representative of the impedance of diode 101 to detect any variation the humidity level or the oxygen level in the hermetic enclosure containing the diode 101, and deduce therefrom the presence of a leak in this enclosure.

La figure 3 est une vue en coupe représentant de façon schématique et partielle un exemple d'un mode de réalisation d'un dispositif médical comportant une enceinte hermétique biocompatible implantable 301 et un dispositif du type décrit en relation avec les figures 1 et 2 permettant de détecter la présence éventuelle d'une fuite dans l'enceinte 301.The figure 3 is a sectional view schematically and partially showing an example of an embodiment of a medical device comprising an implantable biocompatible hermetic enclosure 301 and a device of the type described in relation to the figures 1 and 2 making it possible to detect the possible presence of a leak in the enclosure 301.

Le dispositif de la figure 3 est un dispositif de stimulation optique d'organes internes du corps humain ou animal, par exemple un dispositif de stimulation optique profonde du cerveau. L'enceinte 301 contient une source lumineuse de stimulation (non représentée), et est destinée à être implantée à l'intérieur du cerveau, en vis-à-vis d'une partie du cerveau que l'on souhaite stimuler.The device of the figure 3 is a device for optical stimulation of internal organs of the human or animal body, for example a device for deep optical stimulation of the brain. The enclosure 301 contains a stimulation light source (not shown), and is intended to be implanted inside the brain, opposite a part of the brain that it is desired to stimulate.

L'enceinte 301 comprend un tube 303 en un matériau biocompatible transparent, par exemple du saphir ou de la silice, à l'intérieur duquel est disposée la source lumineuse de stimulation. Le tube 303 a par exemple une section circulaire. A titre d'exemple, la largeur du tube 303 (c'est-à-dire son diamètre dans le cas d'un tube à section circulaire) est comprise entre 0,5 et 5 mm, et sa longueur est comprise entre 1 et 10 mm. L'enceinte 301 comprend en outre des bouchons 305 et 307 fermant hermétiquement le tube 303 à ses extrémités. Les bouchons 305 et 307 sont par exemple transparents. A titre d'exemple, les bouchons 305 et 307 sont en le même matériau biocompatible transparent que le tube 303. Le bouchon 305 est soudé sur toute sa périphérie à une première extrémité du tube 303 par une brasure hermétique biocompatible 309, par exemple une brasure à l'or. Le bouchon 307 est soudé sur toute sa périphérie à l'extrémité opposée du tube 303 par une brasure hermétique biocompatible 311, par exemple une brasure à l'or. La fixation des bouchons 305 et 307 aux extrémités du tube 303 est par exemple réalisée par soudure thermosonique ou par thermocompression. Une fois les bouchons 305 et 307 en place, l'ensemble comprenant le tube 303 et les bouchons 305 et 307 forme un boîtier hermétique adapté à isoler l'ensemble des composants non biocompatibles qu'il contient, par exemple un boîtier présentant un taux de fuite à l'hélium inférieur à 10-6 atm.cm3/s et de préférence inférieur à 10-8 atm.cm3/s, avec 1 atm = 101325 Pa. A titre d'exemple, le boîtier 109 est fermé sous atmosphère neutre (sans oxygène), par exemple sous azote ou argon.The enclosure 301 comprises a tube 303 made of a transparent biocompatible material, for example sapphire or silica, inside which the stimulation light source is placed. The tube 303 has for example a circular section. By way of example, the width of the tube 303 (that is to say its diameter in the case of a tube with a circular section) is between 0.5 and 5 mm, and its length is between 1 and 10 mm. The enclosure 301 further comprises plugs 305 and 307 hermetically closing the tube 303 at its ends. Caps 305 and 307 are eg transparent. By way of example, the plugs 305 and 307 are made of the same transparent biocompatible material as the tube 303. The plug 305 is welded over its entire periphery to a first end of the tube 303 by a biocompatible hermetic solder 309, for example a solder. so. The plug 307 is welded over its entire periphery to the opposite end of the tube 303 by a biocompatible hermetic solder 311, for example a gold solder. The fixing of the plugs 305 and 307 to the ends of the tube 303 is for example carried out by thermosonic welding or by thermocompression. Once the caps 305 and 307 are in place, the assembly comprising the tube 303 and the caps 305 and 307 forms a hermetic box adapted to isolate all the non-biocompatible components that it contains, for example a box having a rate of helium leakage less than 10 -6 atm.cm 3 / s and preferably less than 10 -8 atm.cm 3 / s, with 1 atm = 101325 Pa. For example, the housing 109 is closed under neutral atmosphere (without oxygen), for example under nitrogen or argon.

Le dispositif de la figure 3 comprend en outre un dispositif de détection de fuite du type décrit en relation avec la figure 1. La diode électroluminescente organique 101 du dispositif de détection de fuite est disposée à l'intérieur de l'enceinte 301. Le photodétecteur 105 du dispositif de détection de fuite est également disposé à l'intérieur de l'enceinte, en vis-à-vis de la diode 101. Dans cet exemple, le module 103 d'alimentation et de commande de la diode 101, le module 107 de lecture du photodétecteur 105 et le circuit de traitement 109 du dispositif de détection de fuite sont disposés à l'extérieur de l'enceinte 301. A titre d'exemple, les éléments 103, 107 et 109 peuvent être disposés à l'extérieur du corps du patient, ou être implantés dans une autre partie du corps du patient (à l'extérieur du cerveau).The device of the figure 3 further comprises a leak detection device of the type described in relation to the figure 1 . The organic light-emitting diode 101 of the leak detection device is arranged inside the enclosure 301. The photodetector 105 of the leak detection device is also arranged inside the enclosure, facing each other. of the diode 101. In this example, the power supply and control module 103 of the diode 101, the reading module 107 of the photodetector 105 and the processing circuit 109 of the leak detection device are arranged outside the enclosure 301. By way of example, the elements 103, 107 and 109 can be arranged outside the patient's body, or be implanted in another part of the patient's body (outside the brain).

Dans l'exemple représenté, des éléments de connexion électrique 313 traversant l'enceinte 301 relient électriquement à l'extérieur de l'enceinte les composants situés dans l'enceinte, et en particulier la diode 101 et le photodétecteur 105. Dans l'exemple représenté, chaque élément de connexion électrique 313 comprend une tige conductrice traversant de part en part le bouchon 307 par l'intermédiaire d'un trou ou via percé dans ce bouchon. Chacun des vias est fermé hermétiquement par une brasure 315, par exemple une brasure à l'or. Un câble de liaison peut être prévu pour relier électriquement les éléments de connexion électrique 313 aux modules 103 et 107.In the example shown, electrical connection elements 313 passing through the enclosure 301 electrically connect the components located in the enclosure, and in particular the diode 101 and the photodetector 105, to the outside of the enclosure. shown, each electrical connection element 313 comprises a conductive rod passing right through the plug 307 via a hole or via drilled in this plug. Each of the vias is hermetically sealed by a solder 315, for example a gold solder. A connecting cable can be provided to electrically connect the electrical connection elements 313 to the modules 103 and 107.

Plus généralement, les dispositifs de détection de fuite décrits peuvent équiper tout type de boîtier hermétique biocompatible (transparent ou non) destiné à être implanté dans le corps d'un patient.More generally, the leak detection devices described can equip any type of biocompatible hermetic case (transparent or not) intended to be implanted in the body of a patient.

Un avantage des dispositifs de détection de fuite décrits est qu'ils sont particulièrement simples à mettre en oeuvre. De plus, ces dispositifs sont adaptés à la détection de fuite dans des enceintes de petit volume. Par ailleurs, on notera que la diode électroluminescente organique 101 peut être utilisée non seulement pour la surveillance d'étanchéité de l'enceinte dans laquelle elle est disposée, mais aussi pour d'autres fonctions, par exemple comme émetteur de lumière pour l'irradiation optique du cerveau du patient dans le cas d'un dispositif de stimulation optique du type décrit en relation avec la figure 3.An advantage of the leak detection devices described is that they are particularly simple to implement. In addition, these devices are suitable for detecting leaks in small volume enclosures. Furthermore, it will be noted that the organic light-emitting diode 101 can be used not only for monitoring the tightness of the enclosure in which it is placed, but also for other functions, for example as a light emitter for irradiation. optics of the patient's brain in the case of an optical stimulation device of the type described in relation to the figure 3 .

Des modes de réalisation particuliers ont été décrits. Diverses variantes et modifications apparaîtront à l'homme de l'art. En particulier, les modes de réalisation décrits ne se limitent pas à la détection de fuite dans des boîtiers hermétiques biocompatibles implantables, mais peuvent plus généralement avoir d'autres applications, notamment hors du domaine médical.Particular embodiments have been described. Various variations and modifications will be apparent to those skilled in the art. In particular, the embodiments described are not limited to the detection of leaks in implantable biocompatible hermetic cases, but can more generally have other applications, in particular outside the medical field.

Claims (8)

  1. A device comprising:
    a sealed enclosure;
    an organic light-emitting diode (101) placed within the enclosure;
    a device (103, 105, 107) for measuring a quantity representative of at least one of the following parameters:
    a) the luminous efficiency of the diode (101); and
    b) the impedance of the diode (101); and
    a processing circuit (109) memorizing, in the alternative a), a law representative of the time variation of the luminous efficiency of the diode (101) in the absence of a leak in the sealed enclosure and a law representative of the time variation of the luminous efficiency of the diode (101) in the presence of a leak in the sealed enclosure, and in the alternative b), a law representative of the time variation of the impedance of the diode (101) in the absence of a leak in the sealed enclosure and a law representative of the time variation of the impedance of the diode (101) in the presence of a leak in the sealed enclosure, said laws being determined during a characterization phase when designing the device, and the processing circuit being capable of comparing said quantity to one or a plurality of reference values output from said laws, and of deducing therefrom the possible presence of oxygen or humidity of abnormal proportions within the enclosure,
    wherein the processing circuit (109) is capable of controlling an alarm when it detects a presence of oxygen or of humidity of abnormal proportions within the enclosure.
  2. The device of claim 1, wherein the measurement device comprises a photodetector (105) arranged opposite the organic light-emitting diode (101).
  3. The device of claim 2, wherein the photodetector (105) is made up of an inorganic semiconductor material.
  4. A medical device comprising a sealed biocompatible enclosure (301) and the device of any of claims 1 to 3 for detecting a leak in the sealed enclosure (301).
  5. The medical device of claim 4, wherein the sealed enclosure (301) is transparent, and contains a source of optical stimulation of the brain.
  6. The medical device of claim 5, wherein the sealed enclosure (301) comprises a transparent tube (303).
  7. The medical device of claim 6, wherein the tube (303) is hermetically closed at its ends by caps (305, 307).
  8. The device of claim 7, comprising electric connection elements (313) crossing at least one of the caps (305, 307) and electrically coupling to the outside of the enclosure (301) components located inside of the tube (303).
EP16813103.5A 2015-12-17 2016-12-07 Device for detecting a leak in a sealed enclosure Active EP3391006B1 (en)

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FR1562697A FR3045821B1 (en) 2015-12-17 2015-12-17 DEVICE FOR DETECTING A LEAK IN A HERMETIC ENCLOSURE
PCT/FR2016/053257 WO2017103382A1 (en) 2015-12-17 2016-12-07 Device for detecting a leak in a sealed enclosure

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EP3391006A1 (en) 2018-10-24
FR3045821A1 (en) 2017-06-23
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US20180372577A1 (en) 2018-12-27
WO2017103382A1 (en) 2017-06-22

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