EP3390737B1 - Drainage device for precipitation water - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a drainage device for rainwater intended for the drainage of a structure, for example a building, with a retention device for the fixed component carried along by the rainwater, according to the preamble of claim 1.

Such drainage devices for a surface to be drained with water drains, for example a flat roof, are already widely used and are therefore part of the state of the art.

Sealed and essentially flat surfaces on which rainwater can collect, for example, are drained with conventional water drains. The discharge capacity of the water drains is dimensioned so that a certain accumulation height of the water is not exceeded.

If the passage openings of the drainage device are blocked, there is a risk that the calculated maximum liquid level will be exceeded.

According to the DIN regulations, every roof area must be equipped with a drainage system that drains into the building or runs on the building with at least one drain and an emergency overflow with free drainage via the building facade.

Emergency drainage is used to divert precipitation, the intensity of which is above the drainage capacity of the internal drainage system. This case occurs when an extreme downpour causes so much rain that the gullies, including the pipe system and underground line, can no longer absorb the rainwater. In this situation, the emergency drainage system has to divert the excess water into open areas, not into the underground pipe.

Typical emergency drainage systems are raised built-in spouts, raised built-in gullies and gullies with retention ring or parapet gullies that are equipped with an inlet pot that opens into a horizontally or slightly inclined drain pipe within the insulation level.

The emergency drainage must therefore provide a high drainage capacity. According to the state of the art, this problem could be achieved by appropriately large drainage openings and drainage pipes. Such oversizing is often undesirable for structural and architectural reasons.

In practice, sieves or grids are often used to avoid contamination from leaves, moss or possible flaking of the structure.

Regular cleaning of this retention device is essential to ensure that the rainwater runs off properly. The ascent to the roof, which is necessary for this, is sometimes not problem-free and, in the case of higher structures, can often only be accomplished by specialized companies with the use of expensive equipment.

In practice, it has been found to be problematic that water can accumulate due to clogging of the retaining device. It has been shown that even comparatively small collections of leaves are suitable for significantly restricting or completely interrupting the flow of liquid.

Such water ananas, which dry out very slowly, can lead to considerable, permanent damage if the liquid level of the water accumulation reaches the level of the roof waterproofing and so penetrates the masonry behind. This not only affects the accessibility of the area, but can also lead to considerable static problems, especially with flat roofs, if, for example, the emergency drainage system is also clogged.

While the retention devices are usually easily accessible in drains from terraces or balconies and can therefore be cleaned with little effort, this does not always apply to drains from roof areas. These should therefore be checked and cleaned regularly.

Retention devices with a strongly pronounced convex basic shape are also already known, which rise far above the plane of the collecting surface. Such retention devices are also referred to as channel filters or leaf traps. Due to the height associated therewith, the particles are initially retained on the circumference of the retaining device, so that the retaining ring formed from compressed particles can be overcome as the liquid level increases. However, this storage ring grows often also due to further introduced particles, so that the water eventually accumulates more and more and the retention device closes almost completely.

One could think of equipping the restraint device with a signal transmitter in order to quickly and remotely detect the water accumulation caused by the blockage. For this purpose, for example, swimmers are suitable, which trigger a signal from a certain liquid level.

Such devices, also referred to as water alarms, are available at low cost for households regardless of the relevant application, but they themselves require a certain amount of maintenance. The mostly acoustic signal must also be perceptible, so that possible locations are limited.

From the DE 198 53 009 A1 a drainage device with a mechanical fitting for a steady rainwater runoff on flat roofs is known, this being used when the flat roofs are provided with a surrounding parapet so that the roof area enclosed by it can be used as an intermediate storage for the rainwater. The drainage device throttles the outflow to a precisely adjustable amount, so that the time-delayed outflow relieves the sewage system or the receiving water by a drainage pipe having two connecting pieces to which a curved inlet pipe is connected, which can be pivoted in a vertical direction. The floating of the inlet pipes at a constant height is regulated by a float, which controls the set flow rate with variable weights.

Similarly describes the DE 21 62 084 A1 a device for dosing the amount of water flowing through roof drains. A water inlet has a closure equipped with a float, which is closed by a water collecting vessel when excess water is absorbed. The collecting vessel can in this case be arranged above the float or can be connected to the closure via a lever, at the free end of which a balancing weight that supports the opening of the closure is expediently arranged.

The DE 37 37 767 A1 describes a water drain with a connection pipe on which a cage is arranged which contains a float blocking the connection pipe. The float fills the air space of the vortex created in the draining water and thus prevents excessive air being sucked in.

Furthermore describes the DE 10 2007 011 972 B4 a surface skimmer for ponds, swimming pools or similar bodies of water, which are also known as skimmers and are used to suck up dirt floating on the water surface, such as leaves or pollen, so that the optically visible pollution is removed. From the US 6,631,588 B1 a double-shell retaining screen is known, the inner screen of which is fixed to the drain. The correspondingly larger outer sieve has a buoyant ring, which gives the outer sieve a buoyancy when the water level rises, so that it floats. A guide connects the two screens, the lifting movement being limited by a stop. In order to lift the adhering leaves, the retaining screen is equipped with a hollow or foamed plastic structure, in particular a foam ring. When the water on the roof exceeds a certain level at which the foam ring is normally located, the foam ring floats and with it the retaining screen, so that the water can flow unhindered under the outer screen.

Furthermore, the JP 2007-162 374 A a sieve connected to a float. Based on this prior art, the invention is based on the object of creating a simple and highly effective emergency drainage in the event of a blockage of the retaining device.

This object is achieved according to the invention with a dewatering device according to the features of claim 1. The further embodiment of the invention can be found in the subclaims.

According to the invention, the retention device is movably arranged on a guide between a rest position and an emergency drainage position, in which the passage openings for the rainwater are significantly enlarged or further passage openings are opened, and the drainage device has at least one buoyancy element which, for example, is also an integral part of the Retention device, wherein the buoyancy element is positioned at a vertical distance from the collecting surface, so that when a certain liquid level is reached, a water accumulation on the collecting surface has a buoyancy force of the buoyancy element that is greater than the movement of the retaining device including the buoyancy element into the emergency drainage position counteracting weight. The dewatering device has a securing means which is movable relative to the retaining device and which fixes the retaining device to the guide and which can be released by its buoyancy when a predetermined liquid level is exceeded.

The invention makes use of the knowledge that if the passage openings of the retention device are blocked, the further increase in the liquid level of a water accumulation up to a critical limit for the structure can be effectively avoided by using the buoyancy of the buoyancy element from a certain liquid level to suddenly and significantly enlarge the passage opening or to open further passage openings. For this purpose, the retaining device or individual parts of a lattice structure and the particles adhering to it are raised so that a strong flow develops in the drain in a very short time. This is also suitable for dragging previously adhering particles with it and at the same time avoiding a renewed accumulation of particles.

According to the invention, the clogging of the retaining device is not prevented, but the water level of the accumulation of water and the energy associated with its abrupt removal of the accumulation of water is used to remove the particles through the drain into the channel. This also prevents the downpipes from becoming blocked. Rather, it has already been shown that the energy of the flowing water effectively prevents the particles from sticking again.

Since the drainage device has a securing means that is movable relative to the retaining device, which fixes the retaining device to the guide and which can be released by its buoyancy when a predetermined liquid level is exceeded, the invention prevents particles or other solid components from getting between the roof surface and the retaining device and as a result could impair the suction effect caused by the sudden opening process when the water level rises. In this case, the securing means prevents undesired movement of individual elements of the drainage device, especially under the influence of wind, in order to avoid undesirable noise development.

A holding means is provided by which a force counteracting the movement of the restraint device from the rest position into the emergency drainage position is suddenly reduced or interrupted when a predetermined liquid level is exceeded. By initially adding a force when the water level rises For example, a spring force or a magnetic force that biases the retaining device in the direction of the roof surface, its effect is canceled when the predetermined storage height is reached, and the retaining device suddenly jumps upwards under the effect of the buoyancy force.

For the purposes of the invention, the term buoyancy element is understood to mean both hollow bodies and solid bodies. These can be dimensionally stable as well as elastic. Furthermore, these can also have at least one opening with respect to the environment for a free gas exchange with the environment, the opening being arranged on an underside of the buoyancy element facing the rest position. Here, shell-shaped buoyancy elements that are open at the bottom are also suitable, which enclose a sufficient volume of air with the water surface when the liquid level rises. The buoyancy element can, for example, be toroidal at least in sections or be designed as a torus that is cut open in the main plane of extent and is open at the bottom. Furthermore, the buoyancy element can be realized by spherical or conical basic shapes. In practice, the buoyancy force is in particular between 300 g and 500 g.

Although an automatic locking of the retaining device in the emergency drainage position is not fundamentally excluded, the retaining device should automatically return to the rest position after the liquid level has dropped so that it is ready for a later, renewed emergency drainage without manual intervention.

The lowering movement follows the level of the liquid directly or, if necessary, is also delayed by means of a suitable device, so that the retaining device is temporarily positioned significantly above the level of the liquid and adhering particles loosen by their own weight or as a result of drying.

In contrast to the prior art, which aims to optimize the geometry or size of the passage openings, the invention uses the accumulation of water to generate effective flows for the purpose of self-cleaning. Although the drainage device according to the invention is thus not entirely maintenance-free, it ensures emergency drainage even if the cleaning and inspection are careless.

The drainage device can be designed so that the retaining device completely or only partially, namely individual parts of the grid, into the Emergency drainage position is relocated. In this way, for example, several small passage openings can be connected to form a common larger passage opening. A region of the retaining device that is immovable on the dewatering device can at the same time also function as a guide for the movable elements of the retaining device.

The movement can take place translationally in particular in the vertical direction or else in the form of a pivoting movement. Such a pivotable design is particularly advantageous when the drainage device is not arranged in an essentially horizontal collecting surface, but on a wall surface enclosing it.

The buoyancy of the buoyancy element is dimensioned in such a way that the dead weight of the restraint device and of the buoyancy element are significantly exceeded so that buildup can also be reliably lifted.

The buoyancy element can be designed in relation to its buoyancy force or several individual buoyancy elements can be arranged distributed in such a way that a tilting movement occurs at the same time as the restraint device floats and is inclined in the emergency drainage position compared to the rest position. A particularly preferred modification of the invention, however, is also achieved when the buoyancy element is arranged concentrically to the restraint device and / or several buoyancy elements are evenly distributed on the circumference of the restraint device in order to ensure a desired, exclusively translational movement.

In a greatly simplified variant, the movable restraint device could be connected to an immovable area of the drainage device solely by a traction means, for example a belt, so that the restraint device receives the greatest possible degree of freedom of movement for the emergency drainage position. The traction device can also be limited to a simple protection against loss. In contrast, an embodiment of the invention in which the retaining device is movable on a guide, in particular translationally between the rest position and the emergency drainage position, is particularly practical. As a result, the movement of the restraint device follows a structurally predetermined movement path, the restraint device also reliably returning to the original rest position.

A further, likewise particularly useful embodiment of the invention is achieved in that the fixing means can be fixed in the drain and / or on an edge area enclosing the drain by means of a frictional fixation. As a result, the drainage device is suitable for arrangement in almost any drainage area, both in horizontal collecting areas and in side walls. In addition, the clamping body can easily be biased against the restoring force of elastic areas of the fixing means against the inner wall surface for drains with different diameters, adapters for different drainage shapes or sizes can of course also be used.

The retaining device can be designed as a sieve or a comb-like rake. A variant of the invention is particularly advantageous in which the retaining device has a grille that defines the passage openings. According to the invention, a grid is understood to mean an arrangement of elongate parts at regular or non-uniform intervals, which limit the passage openings and which can optionally also run in a crossed manner.

In addition, the guide itself can also be designed as a lattice structure delimiting the passage openings, which determines the size of the passage openings in the emergency drainage position.

Furthermore, the guide preferably has a stop which determines the emergency drainage position for the movement of the restraint device, so that its movement path is limited. This also prevents the restraint device from being deflected from its rest position by gusts of wind or animals in such a way that it no longer returns to the rest position.

However, it is not excluded that the retaining device is detachably or interchangeably arranged on the drainage device and thus, for example, also allows the use of different retaining devices in the same drainage device in a modular design.

In a further, likewise particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the restraint device has at least two functional elements, each equipped with at least one buoyancy element, which assume a relative position deviating from the rest position as the liquid level rises, in which a holding means of the drainage device that defines the rest position is released. So by the Buoyancy force acts on the two functional elements one after the other and a relative movement occurs as a result, a holding means is actuated which secures the rest position. Thus, the movement into the emergency drainage position is counteracted not only by the weight force, but also by the non-positive and / or positive fixing force of the holding means. This can be many times higher than the weight.

The holding means and / or the securing element is preferably designed to be pivotable and also movable in a translatory manner, in particular by means of a link guide, so that a displacement in the transverse direction that deviates from the main direction of movement can also be implemented. For example, a functional element of the restraint device can pivot with an essentially lateral movement component due to the buoyancy force.

Another, particularly practical embodiment is also achieved when the distance between the buoyancy element and / or the restraint device relative to a plane of the collecting surface is adjustable so that the buoyancy element can be positioned relative to the restraint device at several different distances from the collecting surface. In this way, the maximum liquid level of the water accumulation can be set before the retention device is opened, and this can thus be adapted above all to the structural conditions and requirements of the building.

Furthermore, a variant has proven to be particularly practical in which the drainage device has a spring element and / or a mass element, against whose restoring force or weight force the retaining device can be moved into the emergency drainage position. As a result, the force required to move the restraint device can be increased so that, in particular, the effects of the weather do not lead to undesirable movement.

A further development of the invention is also advantageous in which the drainage device has a signal transmitter for detecting the rest position and / or the emergency drainage position so that an acoustic or optical signal is generated, for example a warning light, in conjunction with a sensor, if necessary. Furthermore, a module for preferably wireless remote signal transmission can also be integrated in order to enable notification by means of mobile devices, for example.

In a particularly useful embodiment of the invention, the restraint device is kinematically coupled to the buoyancy element in such a way that the lifting movement of the restraint device is increased, for example doubled, compared to the lifting movement of the buoyancy element. In this way, especially in connection with a sudden opening effect, there is a very large passage area with a corresponding flow rate in a short time, which also largely prevents solid constituents from adhering again.

A kinematic coupling element suitable for this purpose can, for example, have a stationary first toothed rack, a second toothed rack connected to the retaining device and a toothed wheel connecting the two toothed racks and connected to the buoyancy element in order to increase the distance covered. Of course, other power transmission means, for example gearboxes, or cables, such as a reverse pulley block, can also be used for this purpose.

Fig. 1

eine teilweise geschnittene perspektivische Ansicht einer Entwässerungsvorrichtung in einer Ruheposition;

Fig. 2

die in Figur 1 gezeigte Ruheposition der Entwässerungsvorrichtung in einer Vorderansicht;

Fig. 3

eine entriegelte Position der Entwässerungsvorrichtung in einer Vorderansicht;

Fig. 4

eine Notentwässerungsposition der Entwässerungsvorrichtung in einer perspektivischen Ansicht;

Fig. 5

die in Figur 4 gezeigte Notentwässerungsposition in einer Vorderansicht;

Fig. 6

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Rückhalteeinrichtung der in den Figuren 1 bis 5 gezeigten Entwässerungsvorrichtung;

Fig. 7

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Fixiermittels der in den Figuren 1 bis 5 gezeigten Entwässerungsvorrichtung;

Fig. 8

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines in den Figuren 1 bis 5 gezeigten Auftriebselementes der Entwässerungsvorrichtung;

Fig. 9

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Variante der Entwässerungsvorrichtung mit einem Anzeigeelement sowie einer Höheneinstellung in einer Ruheposition;

Fig. 10

eine Draufsicht auf die in Figur 9 gezeigte Entwässerungsvorrichtung in der Ruheposition;

Fig. 11

eine perspektivische Ansicht der in Figur 9 gezeigten Entwässerungsvorrichtung in einer entriegelten Position;

Fig. 12

eine perspektivische Ansicht der in Figur 9 gezeigten Entwässerungsvorrichtung in einer Notentwässerungsposition;

Fig. 13

eine Draufsicht auf die in Figur 12 gezeigte Entwässerungsvorrichtung in der Notentwässerungsposition;

Fig. 14

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer weiteren Variante der Entwässerungsvorrichtung mit einem an einem Hebelarm angeordneten Auftriebselement in einer Ruheposition;

Fig. 15

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer weiteren Variante der Entwässerungsvorrichtung mit einem an einem Hebelarm angeordneten Auftriebselement in einer Notentwässerungsposition;

Fig. 16a

eine Prinzipdarstellung eines kinematischen Koppelelementes zur Übertragung der Hubbewegung des Auftriebselements auf die Rückhalteeinrichtung in einer Ruheposition;

Fig. 16b

das in der Figur 16a gezeigte kinematische Koppelelement in einer Notentwässerungsposition;

Fig. 17

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer weiteren Variante der Entwässerungsvorrichtung mit einem kinematischen Koppelelement in einer perspektivischen Darstellung;

Fig. 18a

die in Figur 17 gezeigte Entwässerungsvorrichtung in einer Ruheposition der Rückhalteeinrichtung in einer perspektivischen Darstellung;

Fig. 18b

die in Figur 17 gezeigte Entwässerungsvorrichtung in einer Notentwässerungsposition der Rückhalteeinrichtung in einer perspektivischen Darstellung;

Fig. 19

die in Figur 17 gezeigte Entwässerungsvorrichtung in einer perspektivischen Darstellung von unten;

Fig. 20

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Fixiermittels der in Figuren 17 bis 19 gezeigten Entwässerungsvorrichtung.

The invention allows various embodiments. To further clarify its basic principle, one of them is shown in the drawing and is described below. This shows in

Fig. 1

a partially sectioned perspective view of a dewatering device in a rest position;

Fig. 2

in the Figure 1 shown rest position of the drainage device in a front view;

Fig. 3

an unlocked position of the dewatering device in a front view;

Fig. 4

an emergency drainage position of the drainage device in a perspective view;

Fig. 5

in the Figure 4 shown emergency drainage position in a front view;

Fig. 6

a perspective view of a retainer of the in FIGS Figures 1 to 5 shown drainage device;

Fig. 7

a perspective view of a fixing means in the Figures 1 to 5 shown drainage device;

Fig. 8

a perspective view of one in the Figures 1 to 5 shown buoyancy element of the dewatering device;

Fig. 9

a perspective view of a variant of the drainage device with a display element and a height adjustment in a rest position;

Fig. 10

a top view of the in Figure 9 shown dewatering device in the rest position;

Fig. 11

a perspective view of the in Figure 9 shown drainage device in an unlocked position;

Fig. 12

a perspective view of the in Figure 9 shown drainage device in an emergency drainage position;

Fig. 13

a top view of the in Figure 12 Drainage device shown in the emergency drainage position;

Fig. 14

a perspective view of a further variant of the drainage device with a buoyancy element arranged on a lever arm in a rest position;

Fig. 15

a perspective view of a further variant of the drainage device with a buoyancy element arranged on a lever arm in an emergency drainage position;

Figure 16a

a schematic diagram of a kinematic coupling element for transmitting the lifting movement of the buoyancy element to the restraint device in a rest position;

Figure 16b

that in the Figure 16a kinematic coupling element shown in an emergency drainage position;

Fig. 17

a perspective view of a further variant of the drainage device with a kinematic coupling element in a perspective illustration;

Figure 18a

in the Figure 17 shown drainage device in a rest position of the retaining device in a perspective view;

Figure 18b

in the Figure 17 shown drainage device in an emergency drainage position of the retaining device in a perspective view;

Fig. 19

in the Figure 17 shown drainage device in a perspective view from below;

Fig. 20

a perspective view of a fixing means of FIG Figures 17 to 19 shown drainage device.

In Figures 1 to 8 a first variant of a drainage device 1 intended for the drainage of a structure (not shown) is shown, which is used to discharge rainwater that collects on a collecting surface 2. An essential functional element of the drainage device 1 relates to an in Figure 6 Retaining device 4, which is shown in a perspective illustration and includes a drain 3 of the structure, for solid components, such as in particular plant parts, which are carried along by the rainwater and would otherwise become stuck in the drain 3.

For this purpose, the retaining device 4 has a plurality of passage openings 5 delimited by separating rods of a grid. In this way, the solid components are caught by the retaining device 4 and can easily be removed.

Furthermore, the drainage device 1 has an in Figure 7 Fixing means 6, which is shown in a further perspective illustration and can be clamped within an inlet area of the drain 3.

If the retaining device 4 is not cleaned regularly, especially in autumn, when considerable amounts of leaves collect on the collecting surface 2, the passage openings 5 clog, so that the collected rainwater collects and, with increasing liquid level, there is a risk of backwater entering the surrounding area The masonry of the structure penetrates and causes damage there.

In order to remedy this situation in good time, the retaining device 4 is arranged on a guide 7 between the illustrated rest position and an emergency drainage position on the drainage device 1 so as to be vertically movable in the direction of arrow 8, as shown below with reference to FIG Figures 1 to 5 is explained in more detail.

In Figures 1 and 2 a rest position of the drainage device 1 is shown, in which a bearing surface 10 of the retaining device 4 rests on the collecting surface 2. Two structurally identical buoyancy elements 9 are arranged in a downward-facing orientation with an acute angle α on the restraint device 4. The buoyancy elements 9 have, as in Figure 8 recognizable, each radially inwardly facing, opposing pins 20 which define a pivot axis 21 of the buoyancy elements 9. These pins 20 are supported in corresponding bearing points 22 of the retaining device 4, as in FIG Figure 6 shown.

As in Figures 1 and 2 As can be seen, each buoyancy element 9 is equipped with a securing means 23 which has a radially inwardly directed cantilever arm 24 which is supported flatly on a circumferential surface of the guide 7 with a vertical slide 25. Here, an upper contact edge 26 of the securing means 23 is fixed by an upper catch hook 27 of the guide 7 in the rest position shown. In each case a spring element 28 which is integrally connected to the restraint device 4 biases the associated buoyancy element 9 in the direction of gravity, so that it reliably assumes the predetermined position. In addition, the degree of tolerance of the components that are movable relative to one another, which is necessary for perfect mobility, so that undesired noise development, for example due to rattling noises, cannot occur, especially under the influence of wind.

In Figure 3 an unlocking position is shown in which the buoyancy elements 9 are each pivoted about the pivot axis 21 in the direction of arrow 29 in a common horizontal plane, but no vertical displacement compared to that in the Figures 1 and 2 have experienced the rest position shown. As can be seen, this pivoting movement occurs against the restoring force of the spring elements 28. As a result of the respective pivoting movement, the slide 25 is released from the circumferential surface of the guide 7, the distance b corresponding to at least the radial projection of the catch hook 27 of the guide 7. The upper contact edge 26 is thereby radially spaced from the catch hook 27 and the form fit present in the rest position is canceled.

If the water level continues to rise, the increased buoyancy force causes the buoyancy element 9 and the restraint device 4 connected to it to float up to one in the Figures 4 to 5 shown emergency drainage position. The slides 25 slide along the outside of the catch hook 27 on both sides. The emergency drainage position is reached when an upper circular end face 30 of the retaining device 4 rests against the catch hook 27, which at the same time ensures their horizontal orientation in the retaining device 4 in the emergency drainage position.

At the same time, a circumferential annular gap is formed on the drainage device 1 between a bottom support surface 10 of the retaining device 4 and the collecting surface 2 at a distance through which the backwater can now flow unhindered into the drain 3. Due to the resulting high flow rate, the solid components are discharged through the drain 3 without clogging occurring.

In Figures 9 to 13 a variant of the drainage device 1 is shown. Compared to the Figures 1 to 8 The basic shape shown is additionally implemented on the one hand with a display element 16 and on the other hand with an adjusting device 17 for changing the distance a of the buoyancy element 9 from the collecting surface 2.

For this purpose, the display element 16 has an arm 18 which is arranged on the end face 30 parallel to the guide 7 and which, with an angled portion 19, engages over the catch hook 27 on its upper side. In this position, the arm 18 is at the same time biased against its elastic restoring force in the direction of the guide 7. This angled portion 19 is equipped with a preferably colored marking 31 in the form of an arrow, which is easily visible to the observer. This overlapping position of the angled portion 19 is set when the restraint device 4 is moved into the position shown in FIG Figure 11 unlocked position shown and in particular in the in Figure 12 shown emergency drainage position interrupted. As a result, the elastically deformed arm 18 is displaced radially outward. Due to a lowering movement of the restraint device 4 as a result of a falling water level, this angled portion 19 then hits the catch hook 27 from above, but does not encompass the catch hook 27, but slides radially outward on it. For the viewer, the in Figure 13 The perspective shown from above shows the outwardly displaced position of the angled portion 19 visually recognizable in that a contrasting color is now clearly visible on a surface of the catch hook 27. For the viewer it is thus clearly understandable that the restraint device 4 must have reached the emergency drainage position at least once since the last check, so that if necessary a further control of the process can be useful. To restore the basic position, the arm 18 is manually pushed inwards in the direction of the guide 7, so that the angled portion 19 slides inwards along the surface of the catch hook 27 and finally overlaps it. The drainage device 1 is now in the basic position again.

The adjusting device 17, which is also implemented in this variant of the drainage device 1, is used to set the distance a of the buoyancy element 9 from the collecting surface 2, which above all allows rapid adaptation to different slopes of different collecting surfaces 2. For this purpose, the adjusting device 17 has a knurled screw 32, by means of which the respective buoyancy element 9 can be adjusted in relation to an annular carrier 33 of the retaining device 4 parallel to a central axis of the drainage device 1. The knurled screw 32, which also serves as an abutment for the spring element 28, is supported with its screw head 34 on the carrier 33 and engages with its threaded section 35 in a corresponding thread receptacle 36 of the buoyancy element 9. The distance a of the buoyancy element 9 set in this way, corresponding to the desired activation threshold, can also be read off in a simple manner from an index 37 with several latching steps, which additionally support the buoyancy element 9 in the respectively set position.

In Figures 14 and 15 a further variant of a simplified drainage device 11 is also shown. This is intended for universal use, especially in the case of heavily fluctuating water levels. The retaining device 4 is held in a vertically movable manner on the fixing means 6, which is connected to a drain (not shown), the fixing means simultaneously forming the guide 7 for the retaining device 4, and its lower support surface 10 lies in the FIG Figure 14 rest position shown on the quilt. The restraint device 4 is connected at its end face 30 by means of a joint 12 to a double-armed lever 13, which has a buoyancy element 14 on the one hand and an adjusting screw 15 on the other. By means of this adjusting screw 15, the lever 13 is supported on the end face 30 of the retaining device 4 when the water level rises and moves it into the position shown in FIG Figure 15 shown emergency drainage position. The adjusting screw 15 allows a problem-free setting of the distance a between 2 cm and 15 cm, preferably between 3 cm and 10 cm of the buoyancy element 14 relative to the collecting surface and thus different heights until the emergency drainage position is triggered.

In Figures 16a and 16b a kinematic coupling element 38 for transmitting and amplifying the lifting movement of the buoyancy element 9, 14 to the restraint device 4 is shown in a rest position and in an emergency drainage position. For this purpose, the kinematic coupling element 38 has a stationary first toothed rack 39, a second toothed rack 40 connected to the retaining device 4 and a toothed wheel 41 connected to the two toothed racks 39, 40 and connected to the buoyancy element 9, 14 to transmit the buoyancy force F. As a result, an increase in the water level by the path h leads to the retention device 4 being raised by twice the path H.

Finally, another variant of a dewatering device 42 will be based on Figures 17 to 20 explained in more detail, which by means of an in Figures 19 and 20th Fixing means 43 shown in more detail can be fixed to a sequence, not shown.

The drainage device 42 is equipped with a kinematic coupling element 44 which comprises a traction means 45 based on the principle of a reverse pulley. As in Figures 18a and 18b It can be seen that the traction means 45, implemented by a wire or a cord, is fixed at a first end with the fixing means 43 and thus in a stationary manner on the collecting surface of the roof. A second end of the fixing means 43 opposite the first end is connected to a screen-shaped retaining device 46. For this purpose, the traction means is deflected by approx. 180 ° on a deflection element 47, the deflection element 47 being connected to a buoyancy element 48. As a result, the direction indicated by arrow 49 in Figure 18b Clear buoyancy force F transferred by deflection to the restraint device 46, which is thereby moved upwards by twice the distance in relation to the buoyancy element 48.

As can be seen, the buoyancy element 48 covers the entire restraint device 46, which is located in the FIG Figure 18a emergency drainage position shown on its underside. Here, the buoyancy element 48 is equipped in its central area with sieve-shaped passage openings, which can be omitted in a variant not shown, so that a completely closed upper side of the buoyancy element is created. As a result, the restraint device 46 is not only optimally protected against undesirable environmental influences, but solid components lying on it, for example organic residues, do not load the kinematic coupling element 44 and the traction means 45.

In order to achieve a jerky or abrupt opening of the retaining device 46, which has already proven to be particularly efficient with regard to the strong flow of backwater that can be achieved thereby into the drain of the collecting surface, the buoyancy of the Buoyancy element 48 initially opposes a resistance. For this purpose, the retaining device 46 is connected to the fixing means 43 by the holding force of a magnetic connection 50. As a result, the retaining device 46 is not raised at the beginning of a rising liquid level, regardless of the buoyancy force of the buoyancy element that is already acting. However, as soon as the buoyancy force F exceeds the holding force of the magnetic connection 50, the retaining device 46 snaps upwards by twice the amount of the buoyancy element 48.

A second traction means 51 is provided for power transmission, by means of which the buoyancy force F is transmitted directly from the buoyancy element 48 to the retaining device 46 without deflection at the beginning of the rising liquid level. For clarification, in Figure 18a the second traction device 51 is shown stretched, while the first traction device 45 is guided with sufficient slack. On the other hand, after the magnetic connection 50 has been triggered, the stroke movement is transmitted exclusively by the first traction means 45, so that slack now occurs in the second traction means 51.

In order to be able to fix the drainage device 42 to different roof drains without any problems, the fixing means 43 is equipped with three clamping bodies 52 which are evenly distributed on the circumference and which are radially movable by means of a respective threaded spindle 53. The fixing means 43 can thus initially be inserted into the process without resistance. By subsequently rotating the threaded spindle 53 by means of the respective handwheels 54, the clamping bodies 52 move radially outward until they rest against an inner wall surface of the drain and reliably fix the drainage device 42. <b> REFERENCE CHARACTERISTICS LIST </b> 1 Drainage device 21st Swivel axis 2 Quilt 22nd Depository 3 procedure 23 Securing means 4th Restraint device 24 Cantilever 5 Passage opening 25th Slider 6th fixer 26th Contact edge 7th guide 27 Catch hook 8th Arrow direction 28 Spring element 9 Buoyancy element 29 Arrow direction 10 Support surface 30th Face 11 Drainage device 31 mark 12 joint 32 Knurled screw 13 lever 33 carrier 14th Buoyancy element 34 Screw head 15th Adjusting screw 35 Threaded section 16 Display element 36 Thread mount 17th Adjusting device 37 index 18th poor 38 Coupling element 19th Angulation 39 Rack 20th Cones 40 Rack a distance b distance F. Buoyancy α angle H, h path 41 gear 42 Drainage device 43 fixer 44 Coupling element 45 Traction means 46 Restraint device 47 Deflection element 48 Buoyancy element 49 Direction arrow 50 Magnetic connection 51 Traction means 52 Clamp body 53 Threaded spindle 54 Handwheel

Claims (13)

1. Drainage apparatus (1, 11, 42) for precipitation water intended for drainage of a structure, having a retention device (4, 46) for solid constituents, in particular plant parts, carried along by the precipitation water, which retention device has multiple passage openings (5), and having a fixing means (6, 43) for fixing the drainage apparatus (1, 11, 42) in the region of a drain (3) of a collecting surface (2) of the structure, wherein the retention device (4, 46) is arranged so as to be movable on a guide (7) between a rest position and an emergency drainage position, in which emergency drainage position at least one passage opening (5) for the precipitation water is significantly enlarged and/or at least one further passage opening is opened up, and wherein the drainage apparatus (1, 11, 42) has at least one buoyancy element (9, 14, 48), which is arrangeable with a vertical spacing (a) to the collecting surface (2), such that, during use, upon attainment of a particular liquid height of an accumulation of water on the collecting surface (2), there acts a buoyancy force of the buoyancy element (9, 14, 48) that is larger than a weight force counteracting the movement of the retention device (4, 46) into the emergency drainage position, wherein the drainage apparatus (1, 11, 42) has a securing means (23), which is movable relative to the retention device (4, 46), and/or holding means, wherein the securing element (23) fixes the retention device (4, 46) on the guide (7), and/or the holding means generates a force counteracting the movement of the retention device (4, 46) from the rest position into the emergency drainage position, characterized in that the securing means (23) is detachable upon exceedance of the buoyancy force of the buoyancy element (9, 14, 48) at a predetermined liquid height, and/or, upon exceedance of a predetermined liquid height, a force of the holding means that counteracts the movement of the retention device (4, 46) from the rest position into the emergency drainage position is abruptly reduced or interrupted.
2. Drainage apparatus (1) according to Claim 1, characterized in that the buoyancy element (9) is arranged concentrically with respect to the retention device (4, 46), and/or multiple buoyancy elements (9) are arranged evenly distributed around the circumference of the retention device (4, 46).
3. Drainage apparatus (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the retention device (4, 46) is movable on the guide (7) in particular in a translational manner between the rest position and the emergency drainage position.
4. Drainage apparatus (1, 11, 42) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fixing means (6, 43) is fixable in particular in a frictionally engaging manner in the drain (3) and/or on a border region bounding the drain (3).
5. Drainage apparatus (1, 11, 42) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the retention device (4, 46) has a grid bounding the passage openings (5).
6. Drainage apparatus (1, 11, 42) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the securing means (23) are designed to be pivotable and/or movable in a translational manner, in particular elastically deformable.
7. Drainage apparatus (1, 11, 42) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is possible to set the spacing (a) of the buoyancy element (9, 14, 48) and/or a spacing of the retention device (4, 46) during use in relation to a plane of the collecting surface (2) by means of an adjustment apparatus (17).
8. Drainage apparatus (1, 11, 42) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drainage apparatus (1, 11, 42) has a display element (16) which, as a consequence of the displacement of the retention device (4, 46) into the emergency drainage position, assumes an indicator position which is resettable only by manual intervention.
9. Drainage apparatus (1, 11, 42) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drainage apparatus (1, 11, 42) has a spring element and/or a mass element, counter to the restoring force or weight force of which the retention device (4, 46) is movable into the emergency drainage position.
10. Drainage apparatus (1, 11, 42) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the holding means has a magnetic connection (50).
11. Drainage apparatus (1, 11, 42) according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the retention device (4, 46) and the buoyancy element (9, 14, 48) are kinematically coupled in such a way that, with a lift movement (h) of the buoyancy element (9, 14, 48), the lift movement (H) of the retention device (4, 46) is amplified by a factor x > 1, in particular is doubled.
12. Drainage apparatus (1, 11, 42) according to Claim 10, characterized in that the drainage apparatus (1, 11, 42) has a kinematic coupling element (38, 44) having a positionally fixed first toothed rack (39), having a second toothed rack (40), which is connected to the retention device (4, 46), and having a toothed wheel (41), which connects the two toothed racks (39, 40) and is connected to the buoyancy element (9, 14, 48).
13. Drainage apparatus (42) according to Claim 10, characterized in that the drainage apparatus (42) has a kinematic coupling element (44) having a pulling means (45), which is connected to the retention device (46) and to a fixing means (43), wherein a deflection element (47), which deflects the pulling means (45), is connected to the buoyancy element (48).

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