EP3382048A2 - Alliage titane-cobalt et procédé de thixoformage associé - Google Patents

Alliage titane-cobalt et procédé de thixoformage associé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3382048A2
EP3382048A2 EP18164887.4A EP18164887A EP3382048A2 EP 3382048 A2 EP3382048 A2 EP 3382048A2 EP 18164887 A EP18164887 A EP 18164887A EP 3382048 A2 EP3382048 A2 EP 3382048A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
titanium
cobalt
percent
alloy
disclosed
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP18164887.4A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3382048A3 (fr
EP3382048B8 (fr
EP3382048B1 (fr
Inventor
Rubens CARAM Jr.
Kaio Niitsu CAMPO
Caio CHAUSSE de FREITAS
Catherine J. Parrish
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Universidade Estadual de Campinas UNICAMP
Boeing Co
Original Assignee
Universidade Estadual de Campinas UNICAMP
Boeing Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by Universidade Estadual de Campinas UNICAMP, Boeing Co filed Critical Universidade Estadual de Campinas UNICAMP
Publication of EP3382048A2 publication Critical patent/EP3382048A2/fr
Publication of EP3382048A3 publication Critical patent/EP3382048A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3382048B1 publication Critical patent/EP3382048B1/fr
Publication of EP3382048B8 publication Critical patent/EP3382048B8/fr
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
    • B22D17/007—Semi-solid pressure die casting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C14/00—Alloys based on titanium
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/002—Castings of light metals
    • B22D21/005—Castings of light metals with high melting point, e.g. Be 1280 degrees C, Ti 1725 degrees C
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D27/00—Treating the metal in the mould while it is molten or ductile ; Pressure or vacuum casting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/02—Making non-ferrous alloys by melting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
    • C22C1/12—Making non-ferrous alloys by processing in a semi-solid state, e.g. holding the alloy in the solid-liquid phase
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/16—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of other metals or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/18—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon
    • C22F1/183—High-melting or refractory metals or alloys based thereon of titanium or alloys based thereon
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C21/00—Alloys based on aluminium
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/04—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of aluminium or alloys based thereon

Definitions

  • This application relates to titanium alloys and, more particularly, to thixoforming of titanium alloys.
  • Titanium alloys offer high tensile strength over a broad temperature range, yet are relatively light weight. Furthermore, titanium alloys are resistant to corrosion. Therefore, titanium alloys are used in various demanding applications, such as aircraft components, medical devices and the like.
  • Plastic forming of titanium alloys is a costly process.
  • the tooling required for plastic forming of titanium alloys must be capable of withstanding heavy loads during deformation. Therefore, the tooling for plastic forming of titanium alloys is expensive to manufacture and difficult to maintain due to high wear rates. Furthermore, it can be difficult to obtain complex geometries when plastic forming titanium alloys. Therefore, substantial additional machining is often required to achieve the desired shape of the final product, thereby further increasing costs.
  • Casting is a common alternative for obtaining titanium alloy products having more complex shapes.
  • casting of titanium alloys is complicated by the high melting temperatures of titanium alloys, as well as the excessive reactivity of molten titanium alloys with mold materials and ambient oxygen.
  • titanium alloys are some of the most difficult metals to be processed in a cost-effective manner. Therefore, those skilled in the art continue with research and development efforts in the field of titanium alloys.
  • the disclosed titanium alloy includes titanium and about 5 to about 27 percent by weight cobalt.
  • the disclosed titanium alloy consists essentially of about 5 to about 27 percent by weight cobalt and the balance titanium.
  • the disclosed titanium alloy consists essentially of about 13 to about 27 percent by weight cobalt and the balance titanium.
  • the disclosed method for manufacturing a metallic article includes the steps of (1) heating a mass of titanium alloy to a thixoforming temperature, the thixoforming temperature being between a solidus temperature of the titanium alloy and a liquidus temperature of the titanium alloy, the titanium alloy including cobalt and titanium; and (2) forming the mass into the metallic article while the mass is at the thixoforming temperature.
  • the disclosed method for manufacturing a metallic article includes the steps of (1) heating a mass of titanium alloy to a thixoforming temperature, the thixoforming temperature being between a solidus temperature of the titanium alloy and a liquidus temperature of the titanium alloy, the titanium alloy including about 5 to about 27 percent by weight cobalt and the balance titanium; and (2) forming the mass into the metallic article while the mass is at the thixoforming temperature
  • a titanium-cobalt alloy Disclosed is a titanium-cobalt alloy.
  • the compositional limits of the cobalt addition in the disclosed titanium-cobalt alloy are controlled as disclosed herein, the resulting titanium-cobalt alloy may be particularly well-suited for use in the manufacture of metallic articles by way of thixoforming.
  • solidification range refers to the difference ( ⁇ T) between the solidus temperature and the liquidus temperature of the titanium-cobalt alloy, and is highly dependent upon alloy composition.
  • the solidification range of the disclosed titanium-cobalt alloys may be at least about 50 oC.
  • the solidification range of the disclosed titanium-cobalt alloys may be at least about 100 oC.
  • the solidification range of the disclosed titanium-cobalt alloys may be at least about 150 oC.
  • the solidification range of the disclosed titanium-cobalt alloys may be at least about 200 oC. As another example, the solidification range of the disclosed titanium-cobalt alloys may be at least about 250 oC. As another example, the solidification range of the disclosed titanium-cobalt alloys may be at least about 300 oC.
  • the disclosed titanium-cobalt alloys become thixoformable when heated to a temperature between the solidus temperature and the liquidus temperature of the titanium-cobalt alloy.
  • the advantages of thixoforming are limited when the liquid fraction of the titanium-cobalt alloy is too high (processing becomes similar to casting) or too low (processing becomes similar to plastic metal forming). Therefore, it may be advantageous to thixoform when the liquid fraction of the titanium-cobalt alloy is between about 30 percent and about 50 percent.
  • the disclosed titanium-cobalt alloys are well-suited for use in the manufacture of metallic articles by way of thixoforming because the disclosed titanium-cobalt alloys achieve a liquid fraction between about 30 percent and about 50 percent at temperatures significantly below traditional titanium alloy casting temperatures.
  • the disclosed titanium-cobalt alloys achieve a liquid fraction between about 30 percent and about 50 percent at a temperature less than 1,200 oC.
  • the disclosed titanium-cobalt alloys achieve a liquid fraction between about 30 percent and about 50 percent at a temperature less than 1,150 oC.
  • the disclosed titanium-cobalt alloys achieve a liquid fraction between about 30 percent and about 50 percent at a temperature less than 1,100 oC.
  • the disclosed titanium-cobalt alloys achieve a liquid fraction between about 30 percent and about 50 percent at a temperature less than 1,050 oC. In yet another expression, the disclosed titanium-cobalt alloys achieve a liquid fraction between about 30 percent and about 50 percent at a temperature of about 1,025 oC.
  • a titanium-cobalt alloy having the composition shown in Table 1.
  • Table 1 Element Range (wt%) Co 5 - 27 Ti Balance
  • the disclosed titanium-cobalt alloy may consist of (or consist essentially of) titanium (Ti) and cobalt (Co).
  • the impurities content of the disclosed titanium-cobalt alloy may be controlled as shown in Table 2. TABLE 2 Impurity Maximum (wt%) O 0.25 N 0.03 Other Elements, Each 0.10 Other Elements, Total 0.30
  • the cobalt addition slightly increases hardness of the as-cast and forged alloy, and contributes to the thixoformability of the disclosed titanium-cobalt alloy.
  • the compositional limits of the cobalt addition to the disclosed titanium-cobalt alloy range from about 5 percent by weight to about 27 percent by weight. In one variation, the compositional limits of the cobalt addition range from about 10 percent by weight to about 27 percent by weight. In another variation, the compositional limits of the cobalt addition range from about 13 percent by weight to about 27 percent by weight. In another variation, the compositional limits of the cobalt addition range from about 15 percent by weight to about 25 percent by weight. In another variation, the compositional limits of the cobalt addition range from about 17 percent by weight to about 23 percent by weight. In yet another variation, the compositional limits of the cobalt addition range from about 17 percent by weight to about 21 percent by weight.
  • titanium-cobalt alloy has the composition shown in Table 3. TABLE 3 Element Concentration (wt%) Co 13-27 Ti Balance
  • the disclosed Ti-13-27Co alloy has a relatively low solidus temperature (around 1,015 oC) and a relatively broad solidification range. Therefore, the disclosed Ti-13-27Co alloy is well-suited for thixoforming.
  • One specific, non-limiting example of the disclosed titanium-cobalt alloy has the following nominal composition:
  • PANDATTM software (version 2014 2.0) from CompuTherm LLC of Middleton, Wisconsin, was used to generate liquid fraction versus temperature data for the disclosed Ti-17.5Co alloy, assuming both equilibrium conditions and Scheil conditions. The results are shown in Figs. 2A (equilibrium conditions) and 2B (Scheil conditions). Based on the data from Fig. 2A (equilibrium conditions), the disclosed Ti-17.5Co alloy has a solidus temperature of about 1,015 oC and a liquidus temperature of about 1,350 oC, with a solidification range of about 335 oC.
  • the disclosed Ti-17.5Co alloy was heated to 1,060 oC-a temperature between the solidus and liquidus temperatures (i.e., a thixoforming temperature)-and micrographs were taken at o seconds, 60 seconds, 300 seconds and 600 seconds.
  • the micrographs show how the disclosed Ti-17.5Co alloy has a globular microstructure at 1,060 oC that becomes increasingly globular over time. Therefore, the disclosed Ti-17.5Co alloy is particularly well-suited for thixoforming.
  • titanium-cobalt alloy has the following nominal composition:
  • PANDATTM software (version 2014 2.0) was used to generate liquid fraction versus temperature data for the disclosed Ti-18.5Co alloy, assuming both equilibrium conditions and Scheil conditions. The results are shown in Figs. 2A (equilibrium conditions) and 2B (Scheil conditions). Based on the data from Fig. 2A (equilibrium conditions), the disclosed Ti-18.5Co alloy has a solidus temperature of about 1,015 oC and a liquidus temperature of about 1,321 oC, with a solidification range of about 306 oC.
  • the disclosed Ti-18.5Co alloy was heated to 1,060 oC-a temperature between the solidus and liquidus temperatures (i.e., a thixoforming temperature)-and micrographs were taken at o seconds, 60 seconds, 300 seconds and 600 seconds.
  • the micrographs show how the disclosed Ti-18.5Co alloy has a globular microstructure at 1,060 oC that becomes increasingly globular over time. Therefore, the disclosed Ti-18.5Co alloy is particularly well-suited for thixoforming.
  • titanium-cobalt alloy has the following nominal composition:
  • PANDATTM software (version 2014 2.0) was used to generate liquid fraction versus temperature data for the disclosed Ti-19.5Co alloy, assuming both equilibrium conditions and Scheil conditions. The results are shown in Figs. 2A (equilibrium conditions) and 2B (Scheil conditions). Based on the data from Fig. 2A (equilibrium conditions), the disclosed Ti-19.5Co alloy has a solidus temperature of about 1,015 oC and a liquidus temperature of about 1,291 °C, with a solidification range of about 276 oC.
  • the disclosed Ti-19.5Co alloy was heated to 1,060 oC-a temperature between the solidus and liquidus temperatures (i.e., a thixoforming temperature)-and micrographs were taken at o seconds, 60 seconds, 300 seconds and 600 seconds.
  • the micrographs show how the disclosed Ti-19.5Co alloy has a globular microstructure at 1,060 oC that becomes increasingly globular over time. Therefore, the disclosed Ti-19.5Co alloy is particularly well-suited for thixoforming.
  • titanium-cobalt alloy has the following nominal composition:
  • PANDATTM software (version 2014 2.0) was used to generate liquid fraction versus temperature data for the disclosed Ti-20.5Co alloy, assuming both equilibrium conditions and Scheil conditions. The results are shown in Figs. 2A (equilibrium conditions) and 2B (Scheil conditions). Based on the data from Fig. 2A (equilibrium conditions), the disclosed Ti-20.5Co alloy has a solidus temperature of about 1,015 oC and a liquidus temperature of about 1,259 oC, with a solidification range of about 244 oC.
  • the disclosed Ti-20.5Co alloy was heated to 1,060 oC-a temperature between the solidus and liquidus temperatures (i.e., a thixoforming temperature)-and micrographs were taken at o seconds, 60 seconds, 300 seconds and 600 seconds.
  • the micrographs show how the disclosed Ti-20.5Co alloy has a globular microstructure at 1,060 oC that becomes increasingly globular over time. Therefore, the disclosed Ti-20.5Co alloy is particularly well-suited for thixoforming.
  • titanium-cobalt alloys that are well-suited for thixoforming. Also, disclosed are methods for manufacturing a metallic article, particularly a titanium alloy article, by way of thixoforming.
  • one embodiment of the disclosed method for manufacturing a metallic article may begin at Block 12 with the selection of a titanium alloy for use as a starting material.
  • the selection of a titanium alloy may include selecting a titanium-cobalt alloy having the composition shown in Table 1, above.
  • selection of a titanium alloy may include selecting a commercially available titanium alloy or, alternatively, selecting a non-commercially available titanium alloy. In the case of a non-commercially available titanium alloy, the titanium alloys may be custom made for use in the disclosed method 10.
  • the solidification range may be one consideration during selection (Block 12) of a titanium alloy.
  • selection of a titanium alloy may include selecting a titanium-cobalt alloy having a solidification range of at least 50 oC, such as at least 100 oC, or at least 150 oC, or at least 200 oC or at least 250 oC, or at least 300 oC.
  • the temperature at which a liquid fraction between about 30 percent and about 50 percent is achieved may be another consideration during selection (Block 12) of a titanium alloy.
  • selection of a titanium alloy may include selecting a titanium-cobalt alloy that achieves a liquid fraction between about 30 percent and about 50 percent at a temperature less than 1,200 oC, such as a temperature less than 1,150 oC, or a temperature less than 1,100 oC, or a temperature less than 1,050 oC.
  • a mass of the titanium alloy may be heated to a thixoforming temperature (i.e., a temperature between the solidus and liquidus temperatures of the titanium alloy).
  • a thixoforming temperature i.e., a temperature between the solidus and liquidus temperatures of the titanium alloy.
  • the mass of the titanium alloy may be heated to a particular thixoforming temperature, and the particular thixoforming temperature may be selected to achieve a desired liquid fraction in the mass of the titanium alloy.
  • the desired liquid fraction may be about 10 percent to about 70 percent.
  • the desired liquid fraction may be about 20 percent to about 60 percent.
  • the desired liquid fraction may be about 30 percent to about 50 percent.
  • the mass of the titanium alloy may optionally be maintained at the thixoforming temperature for a predetermined minimum amount of time prior to proceeding to the next step (Block 18).
  • the predetermined minimum amount of time may be about 10 seconds.
  • the predetermined minimum amount of time may be about 30 seconds.
  • the predetermined minimum amount of time may be about 60 seconds.
  • the predetermined minimum amount of time may be about 300 seconds.
  • the predetermined minimum amount of time may be about 600 seconds.
  • the mass of the titanium alloy may be formed into a metallic article while the mass is at the thixoforming temperature.
  • Various forming techniques may be used, such as, without limitation, casting and molding.
  • the disclosed titanium-cobalt alloy and associated thixoforming method may facilitate the manufacture of net shape (or near net shape) titanium alloy articles at temperatures that are significantly lower than traditional titanium casting temperatures, and without the need for the complex/expensive tooling typically associated with plastic forming of titanium alloys. Therefore, the disclosed titanium-cobalt alloy and associated thixoforming method have the potential to significantly reduce the cost of manufacturing titanium alloy articles.
  • the aircraft manufacturing and service method 100 may include specification and design 104 of the aircraft 102 and material procurement 106.
  • component/subassembly manufacturing 108 and system integration 110 of the aircraft 102 takes place.
  • the aircraft 102 may go through certification and delivery 112 in order to be placed in service 114.
  • routine maintenance and service 116 which may also include modification, reconfiguration, refurbishment and the like.
  • a system integrator may include without limitation any number of aircraft manufacturers and major-system subcontractors; a third party may include without limitation any number of venders, subcontractors, and suppliers; and an operator may be an airline, leasing company, military entity, service organization, and so on.
  • the aircraft 102 produced by example method 100 may include an airframe 118 with a plurality of systems 120 and an interior 122.
  • the plurality of systems 120 may include one or more of a propulsion system 124, an electrical system 126, a hydraulic system 128, and an environmental system 130. Any number of other systems may be included.
  • the disclosed titanium-cobalt alloy and associated thixoforming method may be employed during any one or more of the stages of the aircraft manufacturing and service method 100.
  • components or subassemblies corresponding to component/subassembly manufacturing 108, system integration 110, and or maintenance and service 116 may be fabricated or manufactured using the disclosed titanium-cobalt alloy and associated thixoforming method.
  • the airframe 118 may be constructed using the disclosed titanium-cobalt alloy and associated thixoforming method.
  • one or more apparatus examples, method examples, or a combination thereof may be utilized during component/subassembly manufacturing 108 and/or system integration 110, for example, by substantially expediting assembly of or reducing the cost of an aircraft 102, such as the airframe 118 and/or the interior 122.
  • one or more of system examples, method examples, or a combination thereof may be utilized while the aircraft 102 is in service, for example and without limitation, to maintenance and service 116.
  • the disclosed titanium-cobalt alloy and associated thixoforming method is described in the context of an aircraft; however, one of ordinary skill in the art will readily recognize that the disclosed titanium-cobalt alloy and associated thixoforming method may be utilized for a variety of applications.
  • the disclosed titanium-cobalt alloy and associated thixoforming method may be implemented in various types of vehicle including, for example, helicopters, passenger ships, automobiles, marine products (boat, motors, etc.) and the like.
  • Various non-vehicle applications, such as medical applications, are also contemplated.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
  • Diaphragms For Electromechanical Transducers (AREA)
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  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
EP18164887.4A 2017-03-29 2018-03-29 Procédé de thixoformage associé pour alliage titane-cobalt Active EP3382048B8 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US15/473,078 US20180281055A1 (en) 2017-03-29 2017-03-29 Titanium-Cobalt Alloy And Associated Thixoforming Method

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3382048A2 true EP3382048A2 (fr) 2018-10-03
EP3382048A3 EP3382048A3 (fr) 2018-11-07
EP3382048B1 EP3382048B1 (fr) 2023-03-08
EP3382048B8 EP3382048B8 (fr) 2023-04-12

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US (1) US20180281055A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP3382048B8 (fr)
JP (1) JP7366524B2 (fr)
KR (2) KR20180110637A (fr)
CN (1) CN108690922A (fr)
CA (1) CA3000115C (fr)
ES (1) ES2945985T3 (fr)
RU (1) RU2760017C2 (fr)

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CN112974799B (zh) * 2021-02-05 2022-09-23 中国人民解放军陆军装甲兵学院 一种用于制备自修复涂层的复合粉末及其制备方法、钛基耐磨自修复涂层及其制备方法
CN112981176B (zh) * 2021-02-05 2022-02-25 天润工业技术股份有限公司 一种三维网状结构原位TiC非连续增强钛基复合材料及其制备方法

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Publication number Publication date
BR102018006490A2 (pt) 2018-11-21
CA3000115C (fr) 2023-01-03
EP3382048A3 (fr) 2018-11-07
RU2018111187A3 (fr) 2021-05-17
KR102627655B1 (ko) 2024-01-19
JP7366524B2 (ja) 2023-10-27
ES2945985T3 (es) 2023-07-11
JP2018204096A (ja) 2018-12-27
EP3382048B8 (fr) 2023-04-12
US20180281055A1 (en) 2018-10-04
RU2018111187A (ru) 2019-10-01
KR20180110637A (ko) 2018-10-10
RU2760017C2 (ru) 2021-11-22
KR20230093185A (ko) 2023-06-27
CA3000115A1 (fr) 2018-09-29
EP3382048B1 (fr) 2023-03-08
CN108690922A (zh) 2018-10-23

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