EP3377663B1 - Copper-nickel-zinc alloy and use thereof - Google Patents
Copper-nickel-zinc alloy and use thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3377663B1 EP3377663B1 EP16784134.5A EP16784134A EP3377663B1 EP 3377663 B1 EP3377663 B1 EP 3377663B1 EP 16784134 A EP16784134 A EP 16784134A EP 3377663 B1 EP3377663 B1 EP 3377663B1
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- Prior art keywords
- nickel
- copper
- zinc alloy
- manganese
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- 229910001297 Zn alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims description 38
- KOMIMHZRQFFCOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N [Ni].[Cu].[Zn] Chemical compound [Ni].[Cu].[Zn] KOMIMHZRQFFCOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 32
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 52
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 26
- 229910021332 silicide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 23
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 21
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910000990 Ni alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Fe] DALUDRGQOYMVLD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- MZZUATUOLXMCEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt manganese Chemical compound [Mn].[Co] MZZUATUOLXMCEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 36
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 36
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 32
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229910017052 cobalt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000010941 cobalt Substances 0.000 description 13
- GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N cobalt atom Chemical compound [Co] GUTLYIVDDKVIGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 9
- MOFOBJHOKRNACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N nickel silver Chemical compound [Ni].[Ag] MOFOBJHOKRNACT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000010956 nickel silver Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910001316 Ag alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 3
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000007792 addition Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004439 roughness measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicide(4-) Chemical compound [Si-4] FVBUAEGBCNSCDD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 2
- WGACMNAUEGCUHG-VYBOCCTBSA-N (2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-acetamidopropanoyl]amino]propanoyl]amino]-n-[(2s)-6-amino-1-[[(2s)-1-[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-1-[[(2s)-5-amino-1-[[(2s)-1-[[(2s)-1-[[(2s)-6-amino-1-[[(2s)-1-amino-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-1-oxopropan-2-yl]amino]-1-oxohexan-2-yl]amino]-3-hydroxy- Chemical compound CC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@H](C(N)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 WGACMNAUEGCUHG-VYBOCCTBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000881 Cu alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003670 easy-to-clean Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007731 hot pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000765 intermetallic Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052745 lead Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010074544 myelin peptide amide-12 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000006911 nucleation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000750 progressive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010792 warming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/02—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing copper
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/04—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing tin or lead
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
- C22C30/06—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent containing zinc
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/04—Alloys based on copper with zinc as the next major constituent
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
- C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
- C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon
Definitions
- the invention relates to a copper-nickel-zinc alloy, in which ⁇ - and ⁇ -phase structure consisting of nickel, iron and manganese and / or nickel, cobalt and manganese mixed silicides are incorporated as spherical or ellipsoidal particles, and the use of such a copper-nickel-zinc alloy.
- Alloys of copper, nickel and zinc are called nickel silver because of their silver-like colors. Commonly used alloys have between 47 and 64% by weight of copper and between 7 and 25% by weight of nickel. In turnable and drillable alloys usually lead up to 3 wt .-% lead are added as a chip breaker, in cast alloys even up to 9 wt .-%. The rest is zinc. As admixtures commercial nickel silver alloys may also contain 0.2 to 0.7 wt .-% manganese to reduce the Glühbrüchmaschine. Also, the manganese additive acts deoxidizing and desulfurizing.
- Nickel-silver alloys such as CuNi12Zn24 or CuNi18Zn20, are used in the optical industry, among others, for the manufacture of spectacle hinges.
- the progressive miniaturization of these products requires materials with higher strength.
- these products have high demands on the quality of the surface.
- Nickel silver alloys are also used to make jewelery and watch parts. These products are particularly demanding on the Quality of the surface.
- Even when pulled, the material must have a glossy and polished surface that is free from defects such as grooves or voids.
- the material must be very easy to machine and, if necessary, also be polishable.
- the color of the material must not change during use. Very similar requirements apply to materials used in medical technology or for the production of musical instruments.
- the publication JP 01177327 describes easily machinable nickel silver alloys with good hot and cold workability. These alloys consist of 6 to 15% Ni, 3 to 8% Mn, 0.1 to 2.5% Pb, 31 to 47% Zn, balance Cu with unavoidable impurities. Optionally, small amounts of Fe, Co, B, Si or P may be added to prevent grain growth on warming prior to hot working.
- the invention has for its object to provide a copper-nickel-zinc alloy with improved surface quality with high strength.
- the surface should already look like polished when pulled.
- the alloy should have a good machinability and excellent color fastness.
- the invention has for its object to provide a use for such a copper-nickel-zinc alloy.
- the invention includes a copper-nickel-zinc alloy having the following composition in% by weight: Cu 46.0 to 51.0%, Ni 8.0 to 11.0%, Mn 0.2 to 0.6%, Si 0.05 to 0.5%, Fe and / or Co each up to 0.8%, wherein the sum of Fe content and twice the Co content is at least 0.1 wt .-%, Residual Zn as well as unavoidable impurities, wherein in a microstructure consisting of ⁇ - and ⁇ -phase nickel-, iron- and manganese-containing and / or nickel, cobalt and manganese mixed silicides are incorporated as spherical or ellipsoidal particles.
- the invention is based on the consideration that the structure of nickel silver materials by alloying of silicon is varied so that silicide precipitates are formed.
- Silicides as intermetallic compounds have about 800 HV significantly higher hardness than the ⁇ and ⁇ phase of the matrix structure.
- manganese is added to improve the cold and hot forming capacity and to increase the strength.
- manganese acts deoxidizing and desulfurizing.
- silicon forms mixed silicides of approximate composition predominantly between (Mn, Fe, Ni) 2 Si and (Mn, Fe, Ni) 3 Si.
- mixed silicides of approximate composition (Mn, Co, Ni) x Si y , where x ⁇ y.
- mixed silicides can be formed which contain both iron and cobalt in addition to manganese and nickel.
- the mixed silicides are finely distributed as spherical or ellipsoidal particles in the matrix structure. The mean value of the volume-equivalent diameter of the particles is 0.5 to 2 ⁇ m.
- the microstructure does not contain large-scale silicides, which therefore easily break out of the matrix structure. This advantageous property is achieved in the alloy according to the invention in particular by the low levels of manganese and iron or cobalt.
- Both iron and cobalt act as nucleation sites for silicide formation, ie in the presence of iron and / or cobalt even small deviations from the thermodynamic equilibrium are sufficient, so that small precipitates are formed.
- These precipitation nuclei which may also contain nickel in the present alloy composition, are finely distributed in the microstructure. They are further silicides, which now also contain manganese, preferably on. The low manganese content of the alloy limits the size of the individual silicides. Small amounts of iron and / or cobalt in Combination with a small amount of manganese are therefore the prerequisite for the formation of mixed silicides.
- the minimum amount of iron or cobalt is defined by the fact that the sum of the iron content and twice the cobalt content is at least 0.1 wt .-%.
- the copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention has an excellent surface quality. Even when pulled, the surface of the material is very smooth, silvery shiny and free of visible defects. The surface looks like it's already polished. Thus, the surface of a semi-finished product produced by a forming process, such as a drawing or rolling process from an alloy according to the invention in many cases already meets the quality requirements of the final product. Further processing to improve the surface is no longer necessary.
- the average roughness Ra of the surface of such a semifinished product is typically at most 0.2 ⁇ m. The average roughness Ra is determined over a measuring length of at least 4 mm.
- the surface quality of the copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention is at least as good as the materials previously used in the optics industry.
- the strength of the copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention is significantly higher than that of the materials used hitherto. This increase in strength allows the components to be made smaller and more filigree and thus meet the current design requirements.
- the tensile strength of the copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention is between 700 and 900 MPa, depending on the degree of deformation of the material. In the hard state, it is at least 800 MPa.
- Workpieces made of a copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention are characterized by a very high-quality surface and an attractive appearance, so that this alloy for the production of jewelry and watch parts are suitable. Furthermore, workpieces of a copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention can be polished very well, whereby the visual impression of the workpiece can be further improved if necessary and the value of the product can be increased. Furthermore, the surface of the copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention is readily coatable because of its excellent flatness.
- the surface quality of a copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention is significantly better than that of lead-containing copper-nickel-zinc alloys of similar composition.
- a copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention small amounts of lead of up to 0.1 wt .-% may be contained in the impurities, which are neither matrix effective nor have an influence on the formation of Mischsilicide.
- the lead content of a copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention is preferably at most 0.05% by weight.
- a copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention is particularly preferably lead-free.
- Another advantage of a copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention is its high zinc content of about 40 wt .-%. This makes the material cheaper than, for example, the nickel silver alloys CuNi12Zn24 or CuNi18Zn20.
- a copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention has a good machinability.
- the alloy can be well formed both warm and cold. The production costs of semi-finished products and end products are thereby reduced.
- the copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention has a very good machinability, although it contains at most very small amounts of lead. Even at Pb levels well below the threshold of unavoidable impurities, a copper-nickel-zinc alloy of the invention is readily machinable.
- the reasons for the good machinability of the alloy are the finely divided mixed silicides, which act as chip breakers.
- either the Fe content or the Co content can be at least 0.1% by weight. This favors the formation of finely divided mixed silicides.
- the copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention may have the following composition [in% by weight]: Cu 47.5 to 49.5%, Ni 8.0 to 10.0%, Mn 0.2 to 0.6%, Si 0.05 to 0.4%, Fe 0.2 to 0.8%, optionally up to 0.8% Co, Rest Zn as well as unavoidable impurities.
- nickel-, iron- and manganese-containing mixed silicides may be incorporated as spherical or ellipsoidal particles in an ⁇ - and ⁇ -phase microstructure.
- the selective alloying of iron produces very fine mixed silicides which have an advantageous effect on the surface quality of the material.
- the copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention may have the following composition [in% by weight]: Cu 47.5 to 49.5%, Ni 8.0 to 10.0%, Mn 0.2 to 0.6%, Si 0.05 to 0.4%, Co 0.1 to 0.8%, optionally up to 0.8% Fe, Rest Zn as well as unavoidable impurities.
- nickel-, cobalt- and manganese-containing mixed silicides may be incorporated as spherical or ellipsoidal particles in a microstructure consisting of ⁇ - and ⁇ -phase.
- the deliberate alloying of cobalt produces mixed silicides which have an advantageous effect on the strength of the material with at the same time good surface quality.
- a further aspect of the invention includes the use of an alloy according to the invention for the production of consumer goods with high demands on the surface quality such as jewelry, watch parts, eyeglass hinges, musical instruments or devices for medical technology. Due to the excellent surface quality of workpieces made of an alloy according to the invention, this is particularly suitable for the production of jewelry, watch parts and musical instruments. Also advantageous in these applications is the high color stability of the alloy. The color fastness follows from the high corrosion resistance of the alloy. Devices used in medical technology must be easy to clean. The smoother the surface of the devices, the easier it is to remove unwanted substances. The combination of good surface quality and high strength predestines the copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention for the production of spectacle hinges.
- Another aspect of the invention involves the use of an alloy according to the invention for the production of keys, locks, connectors or lead tips for ballpoint pens.
- the advantageous properties of a copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention with respect to workability, namely good formability and good machinability come into play.
- the good corrosion resistance of the copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention has an advantageous effect.
- a copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention and three comparative alloys were melted and poured into bolts. From the bolts, wires and rods with an outer diameter of 4 mm were produced by means of hot pressing and cold forming.
- Table 1 shows the composition of the individual alloys in% by weight. Table 1: Composition of the individual alloys in% by weight Cu Ni Mn Si Fe pb Zn inventive alloy 48.5 9.5 0.4 0.2 0.5 ⁇ 0.05 rest Comparative sample 1 49.0 7.5 3.0 - - 3.0 rest Comparative sample 2 62.5 17.5 0.4 - - - rest Comparative sample 3 48.4 9.5 0.4 0.3 0.5 1.3 rest
- Table 2 compares the values found on the samples. Table 2: Roughness measurements, data in ⁇ m measuring direction inventive alloy Comparative sample 1 Comparative sample 2 Comparative sample 3 Ra along 0,039 0,100 0.103 0.113 crosswise 0.174 0.315 0.182 0.317 March along 0.36 1.48 0.76 1.56 crosswise 0.99 1.81 1.47 1.91 Rmax along 0.49 2.03 1.15 2.16 crosswise 1.28 2.29 1.92 2.42 Rt along 0.56 2.05 1.15 2.17 crosswise 2.26 2.66 2.11 2.63
- the measured values documented in Table 2 show that the surface of the inventive alloy has the lowest roughness or roughness depth in seven out of eight measured values.
- the inventive alloy thus has the best surface quality in the drawn state.
- the measured values determined on the inventive alloy are always lower than the measured values determined on the lead-containing comparative samples 1 and 3.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kupfer-Nickel-Zink-Legierung, in deren aus α- und β-Phase bestehenden Gefüge nickel-, eisen- und manganhaltige und/oder nickel-, kobalt- und manganhaltige Mischsilicide als kugelförmige oder ellipsiodale Partikel eingelagert sind, sowie die Verwendung einer derartigen Kupfer-Nickel-Zink-Legierung.The invention relates to a copper-nickel-zinc alloy, in which α- and β-phase structure consisting of nickel, iron and manganese and / or nickel, cobalt and manganese mixed silicides are incorporated as spherical or ellipsoidal particles, and the use of such a copper-nickel-zinc alloy.
Legierungen aus Kupfer, Nickel und Zink werden wegen ihrer silberähnlichen Farben als Neusilber bezeichnet. Technisch gebräuchliche Legierungen haben zwischen 47 und 64 Gew.-% Kupfer und zwischen 7 und 25 Gew.-% Nickel. Bei dreh- und bohrfähigen Legierungen werden üblicherweise bis zu 3 Gew.-% Blei als Spanbrecher zugesetzt, bei Gusslegierungen sogar bis zu 9 Gew.-%. Der Rest ist Zink. Als Beimengungen können handelsübliche Neusilberlegierungen zudem 0,2 bis 0,7 Gew.-% Mangan enthalten, um die Glühbrüchigkeit zu vermindern. Auch wirkt der Manganzusatz desoxidierend und entschwefelnd.Alloys of copper, nickel and zinc are called nickel silver because of their silver-like colors. Commonly used alloys have between 47 and 64% by weight of copper and between 7 and 25% by weight of nickel. In turnable and drillable alloys usually lead up to 3 wt .-% lead are added as a chip breaker, in cast alloys even up to 9 wt .-%. The rest is zinc. As admixtures commercial nickel silver alloys may also contain 0.2 to 0.7 wt .-% manganese to reduce the Glühbrüchigkeit. Also, the manganese additive acts deoxidizing and desulfurizing.
Neusilberlegierungen, wie beispielsweise CuNi12Zn24 oder CuNi18Zn20, werden unter anderem in der Optikindustrie zur Herstellung von Brillenscharnieren verwendet. Die fortschreitende Miniaturisierung dieser Produkte erfordert Werkstoffe mit höherer Festigkeit. Darüber hinaus sind bei diesen Produkten hohe Anforderungen an die Qualität der Oberfläche gestellt.
Neusilberlegierungen werden auch zur Herstellung von Schmuck und Uhrenteilen verwendet. Bei diesen Produkten sind besonders hohe Anforderungen an die Qualität der Oberfläche gestellt. Der Werkstoff muss schon im gezogenen Zustand eine glänzende und wie poliert wirkende Oberfläche aufweisen, die frei von Fehlern, wie beispielsweise Riefen oder Lunkern ist. Ferner muss der Werkstoff sehr gut zerspanbar und bei Bedarf auch polierbar sein. Auch darf sich die Farbe des Werkstoffs während des Gebrauchs nicht ändern. Ganz ähnliche Anforderungen gelten für Werkstoffe, die in der Medizintechnik oder zur Herstellung von Musikinstrumenten eingesetzt werden.Nickel-silver alloys, such as CuNi12Zn24 or CuNi18Zn20, are used in the optical industry, among others, for the manufacture of spectacle hinges. The progressive miniaturization of these products requires materials with higher strength. In addition, these products have high demands on the quality of the surface.
Nickel silver alloys are also used to make jewelery and watch parts. These products are particularly demanding on the Quality of the surface. Even when pulled, the material must have a glossy and polished surface that is free from defects such as grooves or voids. Furthermore, the material must be very easy to machine and, if necessary, also be polishable. Also, the color of the material must not change during use. Very similar requirements apply to materials used in medical technology or for the production of musical instruments.
Aus der Druckschrift
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Aus der Druckschrift
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Kupfer-Nickel-Zink-Legierung mit verbesserter Oberflächenqualität bei gleichzeitig hoher Festigkeit anzugeben. Die Oberfläche soll bereits im gezogenen Zustand wie poliert aussehen. Ferner soll die Legierung eine gute Zerspanbarkeit und eine hervorragende Farbbeständigkeit aufweisen. Des Weiteren liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Verwendung für eine derartige Kupfer-Nickel-Zink-Legierung anzugeben.The invention has for its object to provide a copper-nickel-zinc alloy with improved surface quality with high strength. The surface should already look like polished when pulled. Furthermore, the alloy should have a good machinability and excellent color fastness. Furthermore, the invention has for its object to provide a use for such a copper-nickel-zinc alloy.
Die Erfindung wird bezüglich einer Kupfer-Nickel-Zink-Legierung durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 und bezüglich einer Verwendung durch die Merkmale der Ansprüche 4 und 5 wiedergegeben. Die weiteren rückbezogenen Ansprüche betreffen vorteilhafte Aus- und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung.The invention with respect to a copper-nickel-zinc alloy by the features of claim 1 and for use by the features of claims 4 and 5 reproduced. The other dependent claims relate to advantageous embodiments and further developments of the invention.
Die Erfindung schließt eine Kupfer-Nickel-Zink-Legierung mit folgender Zusammensetzung in Gewichts-% ein:
Rest Zn sowie unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen,
wobei in einem aus α- und β-Phase bestehenden Gefüge nickel-, eisen- und manganhaltige und/oder nickel-, kobalt- und manganhaltige Mischsilicide als kugelförmige oder ellipsoidale Partikel eingelagert sind.The invention includes a copper-nickel-zinc alloy having the following composition in% by weight:
Residual Zn as well as unavoidable impurities,
wherein in a microstructure consisting of α- and β-phase nickel-, iron- and manganese-containing and / or nickel, cobalt and manganese mixed silicides are incorporated as spherical or ellipsoidal particles.
Die Erfindung geht dabei von der Überlegung aus, dass das Gefüge von Neusilber-Werkstoffen durch Zulegieren von Silicium so variiert wird, dass Silicid-Ausscheidungen gebildet werden. Silicide als intermetallische Verbindungen besitzen mit ca. 800 HV eine deutlich höhere Härte als die α- und β-Phase des Matrixgefüges. Prinzipiell wird zur Verbesserung des Kalt- und Warmumformvermögens und zur Steigerung der Festigkeit Mangan zulegiert. Zudem wirkt Mangan desoxidierend und entschwefelnd. Silicium bildet bei gleichzeitiger Anwesenheit von Mangan, Eisen und Nickel Mischsilicide mit ungefähren Zusammensetzungen vorwiegend zwischen (Mn,Fe,Ni)2Si und (Mn,Fe,Ni)3Si. Analog bildet Silicium bei gleichzeitiger Anwesenheit von Mangan, Kobalt und Nickel Mischsilicide der ungefähren Zusammensetzungen (Mn,Co,Ni)xSiy, wobei x ≥ y. Ferner können auch Mischsilicide gebildet werden, die neben Mangan und Nickel sowohl Eisen als auch Kobalt enthalten. Die Mischsilicide liegen fein verteilt als kugelförmige oder ellipsoidale Partikel im Matrixgefüge vor. Der Mittelwert des volumenäquivalenten Durchmessers der Partikel beträgt 0,5 bis 2 µm. Das Gefüge enthält keine großflächigen und daher leicht aus dem Matrixgefüge heraus brechenden Silicide. Diese vorteilhafte Eigenschaft wird bei der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung insbesondere durch die geringen Anteile an Mangan und Eisen bzw. Kobalt erzielt. Sowohl Eisen als auch Kobalt wirken als Keimstellen für die Silicidbildung, d.h. bei Anwesenheit von Eisen und/oder Kobalt genügen bereits geringe Abweichungen vom thermodynamischen Gleichgewicht, so dass kleine Ausscheidungen entstehen. Diese Ausscheidungskeime, die bei der vorliegenden Legierungszusammensetzung auch Nickel enthalten können, sind im Gefüge fein verteilt. An sie lagern sich weitere Silicide, die nun auch Mangan enthalten, bevorzugt an. Durch den geringen Mangangehalt der Legierung wird die Größe der einzelnen Silicide begrenzt. Geringe Mengen an Eisen und/oder Kobalt in Kombination mit einer geringen Menge Mangan sind also die Voraussetzung für die Bildung der Mischsilicide. Die Mindestmenge an Eisen beziehungsweise Kobalt wird dadurch definiert, dass die Summe aus dem Eisengehalt und dem Doppelten des Kobaltgehalts mindestens 0,1 Gew.-% beträgt.The invention is based on the consideration that the structure of nickel silver materials by alloying of silicon is varied so that silicide precipitates are formed. Silicides as intermetallic compounds have about 800 HV significantly higher hardness than the α and β phase of the matrix structure. In principle, manganese is added to improve the cold and hot forming capacity and to increase the strength. In addition, manganese acts deoxidizing and desulfurizing. In the presence of manganese, iron and nickel, silicon forms mixed silicides of approximate composition predominantly between (Mn, Fe, Ni) 2 Si and (Mn, Fe, Ni) 3 Si. Similarly, silicon in the coexistence of manganese, cobalt and nickel forms mixed silicides of approximate composition (Mn, Co, Ni) x Si y , where x ≥ y. Furthermore, mixed silicides can be formed which contain both iron and cobalt in addition to manganese and nickel. The mixed silicides are finely distributed as spherical or ellipsoidal particles in the matrix structure. The mean value of the volume-equivalent diameter of the particles is 0.5 to 2 μm. The microstructure does not contain large-scale silicides, which therefore easily break out of the matrix structure. This advantageous property is achieved in the alloy according to the invention in particular by the low levels of manganese and iron or cobalt. Both iron and cobalt act as nucleation sites for silicide formation, ie in the presence of iron and / or cobalt even small deviations from the thermodynamic equilibrium are sufficient, so that small precipitates are formed. These precipitation nuclei, which may also contain nickel in the present alloy composition, are finely distributed in the microstructure. They are further silicides, which now also contain manganese, preferably on. The low manganese content of the alloy limits the size of the individual silicides. Small amounts of iron and / or cobalt in Combination with a small amount of manganese are therefore the prerequisite for the formation of mixed silicides. The minimum amount of iron or cobalt is defined by the fact that the sum of the iron content and twice the cobalt content is at least 0.1 wt .-%.
Überraschenderweise zeigt sich, dass die erfindungsgemäße Kupfer-Nickel-Zink-Legierung eine ausgezeichnete Oberflächenqualität aufweist. Bereits im gezogenen Zustand ist die Oberfläche des Werkstoffs sehr glatt, silbrig glänzend und frei von sichtbaren Fehlern. Die Oberfläche sieht aus, als wäre sie bereits poliert. Damit genügt die Oberfläche eines durch einen Umformprozess, wie beispielsweise einem Zieh- oder Walzprozess, aus einer erfindungsgemäßen Legierung hergestellten Halbzeugs in vielen Fällen bereits den Qualitätsanforderungen des Endprodukts. Eine weitere Bearbeitung zur Verbesserung der Oberfläche ist nicht mehr erforderlich. Die mittlere Rauheit Ra der Oberfläche eines derartigen Halbzeugs beträgt typischerweise höchstens 0,2 µm. Die mittlere Rauheit Ra wird dabei über eine Messlänge von mindestens 4 mm ermittelt.Surprisingly, it has been found that the copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention has an excellent surface quality. Even when pulled, the surface of the material is very smooth, silvery shiny and free of visible defects. The surface looks like it's already polished. Thus, the surface of a semi-finished product produced by a forming process, such as a drawing or rolling process from an alloy according to the invention in many cases already meets the quality requirements of the final product. Further processing to improve the surface is no longer necessary. The average roughness Ra of the surface of such a semifinished product is typically at most 0.2 μm. The average roughness Ra is determined over a measuring length of at least 4 mm.
Die Oberflächenqualität der erfindungsgemäßen Kupfer-Nickel-Zink-Legierung ist mindestens so gut wie die bislang in der Optikindustrie eingesetzten Werkstoffe. Die Festigkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Kupfer-Nickel-Zink-Legierung ist jedoch deutlich höher als die der bislang verwendeten Werkstoffe. Diese Steigerung der Festigkeit erlaubt, die Bauteile kleiner und filigraner auszuführen und somit den aktuellen Design-Anforderungen gerecht zu werden. Die Zugfestigkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Kupfer-Nickel-Zink-Legierung liegt je nach Umformgrad des Werkstoffs zwischen 700 und 900 MPa. Im harten Zustand beträgt sie mindestens 800 MPa.The surface quality of the copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention is at least as good as the materials previously used in the optics industry. However, the strength of the copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention is significantly higher than that of the materials used hitherto. This increase in strength allows the components to be made smaller and more filigree and thus meet the current design requirements. The tensile strength of the copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention is between 700 and 900 MPa, depending on the degree of deformation of the material. In the hard state, it is at least 800 MPa.
Werkstücke aus einer erfindungsgemäßen Kupfer-Nickel-Zink-Legierung zeichnen sich durch eine sehr hochwertige Oberfläche und ein ansprechendes Aussehen aus, so dass diese Legierung zur Herstellung von Schmuck und Uhrenteilen geeignet sind. Ferner lassen sich Werkstücke aus einer erfindungsgemäßen Kupfer-Nickel-Zink-Legierung sehr gut polieren, wodurch der optische Eindruck des Werkstücks bei Bedarf weiter verbessert und der Wert des Produkts gesteigert werden kann. Ferner ist die Oberfläche der erfindungsgemäßen Kupfer-Nickel-Zink-Legierung aufgrund ihrer hervorragenden Ebenheit gut beschichtbar.Workpieces made of a copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention are characterized by a very high-quality surface and an attractive appearance, so that this alloy for the production of jewelry and watch parts are suitable. Furthermore, workpieces of a copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention can be polished very well, whereby the visual impression of the workpiece can be further improved if necessary and the value of the product can be increased. Furthermore, the surface of the copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention is readily coatable because of its excellent flatness.
Insbesondere ist die Oberflächenqualität einer erfindungsgemäßen Kupfer-Nickel-Zink-Legierung deutlich besser als die von bleihaltigen Kupfer-Nickel-Zink-Legierungen ähnlicher Zusammensetzung. Bei einer erfindungsgemäßen Kupfer-Nickel-Zink-Legierung können in den Verunreinigungen geringe Bleianteile von bis zu 0,1 Gew.-% enthalten sein, welche weder matrixwirksam sind noch einen Einfluss auf die Ausbildung der Mischsilicide haben. Bevorzugt beträgt der Bleianteil einer erfindungsgemäßen Kupfer-Nickel-Zink-Legierung höchstens 0,05 Gew.-%. Besonders bevorzugt ist eine erfindungsgemäße Kupfer-Nickel-Zink-Legierung bleifrei.In particular, the surface quality of a copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention is significantly better than that of lead-containing copper-nickel-zinc alloys of similar composition. In a copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention small amounts of lead of up to 0.1 wt .-% may be contained in the impurities, which are neither matrix effective nor have an influence on the formation of Mischsilicide. The lead content of a copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention is preferably at most 0.05% by weight. A copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention is particularly preferably lead-free.
Ein weiterer Vorteil einer erfindungsgemäßen Kupfer-Nickel-Zink-Legierung ist deren hoher Zink-Anteil von ungefähr 40 Gew.-%. Dies macht den Werkstoff preiswerter als beispielsweise die Neusilberlegierungen CuNi12Zn24 oder CuNi18Zn20.Another advantage of a copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention is its high zinc content of about 40 wt .-%. This makes the material cheaper than, for example, the nickel silver alloys CuNi12Zn24 or CuNi18Zn20.
Darüber hinaus weist eine erfindungsgemäße Kupfer-Nickel-Zink-Legierung eine gute Bearbeitbarkeit auf. Die Legierung lässt sich sowohl warm als auch kalt gut umformen. Die Herstellkosten von Halbzeugen und Endprodukten werden dadurch reduziert. Insbesondere weist die erfindungsgemäße Kupfer-Nickel-Zink-Legierung eine sehr gute Zerspanbarkeit auf, obwohl sie höchstens sehr geringe Mengen an Blei enthält. Selbst bei Pb-Gehalten, die deutlich unter der Schwelle von unvermeidbaren Verunreinigungen liegen, ist eine erfindungsgemäße Kupfer-Nickel-Zink-Legierung gut zerspanbar. Ursache für die gute Zerspanbarkeit der Legierung sind die fein verteilten Mischsilicide, die als Spanbrecher wirken.Moreover, a copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention has a good machinability. The alloy can be well formed both warm and cold. The production costs of semi-finished products and end products are thereby reduced. In particular, the copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention has a very good machinability, although it contains at most very small amounts of lead. Even at Pb levels well below the threshold of unavoidable impurities, a copper-nickel-zinc alloy of the invention is readily machinable. The reasons for the good machinability of the alloy are the finely divided mixed silicides, which act as chip breakers.
Vorteilhafterweise kann entweder der Fe-Gehalt oder der Co-Gehalt mindestens 0,1 Gewichts-% betragen. Dies begünstigt die Ausbildung fein verteilter Mischsilicide.Advantageously, either the Fe content or the Co content can be at least 0.1% by weight. This favors the formation of finely divided mixed silicides.
In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann die erfindungsgemäße Kupfer-Nickel-Zink-Legierung folgende Zusammensetzung [in Gew.-%] aufweisen:
Rest Zn sowie unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention may have the following composition [in% by weight]:
Rest Zn as well as unavoidable impurities.
Bei dieser Zusammensetzung können in einem aus α- und β-Phase bestehenden Gefüge nickel-, eisen- und manganhaltige Mischsilicide als kugelförmige oder ellipsiodale Partikel eingelagert sein. Durch das gezielte Zulegieren von Eisen werden sehr feine Mischsilicide gebildet, die sich vorteilhaft auf die Oberflächenqualität des Werkstoffs auswirken.In this composition, nickel-, iron- and manganese-containing mixed silicides may be incorporated as spherical or ellipsoidal particles in an α- and β-phase microstructure. The selective alloying of iron produces very fine mixed silicides which have an advantageous effect on the surface quality of the material.
Bei einer alternativen vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung der Erfindung kann die erfindungsgemäße Kupfer-Nickel-Zink-Legierung folgende Zusammensetzung [in Gew.-%] aufweisen:
Rest Zn sowie unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen.In an alternative advantageous embodiment of the invention, the copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention may have the following composition [in% by weight]:
Rest Zn as well as unavoidable impurities.
Bei dieser Zusammensetzung können in einem aus α- und β-Phase bestehenden Gefüge nickel-, kobalt- und manganhaltige Mischsilicide als kugelförmige oder ellipsiodale Partikel eingelagert sein. Durch das gezielte Zulegieren von Kobalt werden Mischsilicide gebildet, die sich vorteilhaft auf die Festigkeit des Werkstoffs bei gleichzeitig guter Oberflächenqualität auswirken.In this composition, nickel-, cobalt- and manganese-containing mixed silicides may be incorporated as spherical or ellipsoidal particles in a microstructure consisting of α- and β-phase. The deliberate alloying of cobalt produces mixed silicides which have an advantageous effect on the strength of the material with at the same time good surface quality.
Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung schließt die Verwendung einer erfindungsgemäßen Legierung zur Herstellung von Konsumgütern mit hohen Anforderungen an die Oberflächenqualität wie beispielsweise Schmuck, Uhrenteilen, Brillenscharnieren, Musikinstrumenten oder Geräten für die Medizintechnik ein. Aufgrund der ausgezeichneten Oberflächenqualität von Werkstücken aus einer erfindungsgemäßen Legierung eignet sich diese besonders zur Herstellung von Schmuck, Uhrenteilen und Musikinstrumenten. Vorteilhaft ist in diesen Anwendungen auch die hohe Farbbeständigkeit der Legierung. Die Farbbeständigkeit folgt aus der hohen Korrosionsbeständigkeit der Legierung. Geräte, die in der Medizintechnik eingesetzt werden, müssen gut zu reinigen sein. Je glatter die Oberfläche der Geräte ist, desto leichter können unerwünschte Substanzen entfernt werden. Die Kombination aus guter Oberflächenqualität und hoher Festigkeit prädestiniert die erfindungsgemäße Kupfer-Nickel-Zink-Legierung für die Herstellung von Brillenscharnieren.A further aspect of the invention includes the use of an alloy according to the invention for the production of consumer goods with high demands on the surface quality such as jewelry, watch parts, eyeglass hinges, musical instruments or devices for medical technology. Due to the excellent surface quality of workpieces made of an alloy according to the invention, this is particularly suitable for the production of jewelry, watch parts and musical instruments. Also advantageous in these applications is the high color stability of the alloy. The color fastness follows from the high corrosion resistance of the alloy. Devices used in medical technology must be easy to clean. The smoother the surface of the devices, the easier it is to remove unwanted substances. The combination of good surface quality and high strength predestines the copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention for the production of spectacle hinges.
Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung schließt die Verwendung einer erfindungsgemäßen Legierung zur Herstellung von Schlüsseln, Schlössern, Steckverbindern oder Minenspitzen für Kugelschreiber ein. Bei der Herstellung von Gebrauchsgegenständen wie Schlüsseln oder Schlössern kommen die vorteilhaften Eigenschaften einer erfindungsgemäßen Kupfer-Nickel-Zink-Legierung bezüglich Bearbeitbarkeit, nämlich gute Umformbarkeit und gute Zerspanbarkeit, zum Tragen. Gleiches gilt für die Verwendung einer erfindungsgemäßen Kupfer-Nickel-Zink-Legierung als Steckverbinder, die aus einem Profil, einer Stange oder einem Rohr durch Zerspanung hergestellt werden. Bei der Verwendung als Minenspitze für Kugelschreiber wirkt sich darüber hinaus die gute Korrosionsbeständigkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Kupfer-Nickel-Zink-Legierung vorteilhaft aus.Another aspect of the invention involves the use of an alloy according to the invention for the production of keys, locks, connectors or lead tips for ballpoint pens. In the production of commodities such as keys or locks, the advantageous properties of a copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention with respect to workability, namely good formability and good machinability, come into play. The same applies to the use of a copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention as connectors made from a profile, rod or tube by machining. When used as a lead tip for ballpoint moreover, the good corrosion resistance of the copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention has an advantageous effect.
Die Erfindung wird anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels näher erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to an embodiment.
Eine erfindungsgemäße Kupfer-Nickel-Zink-Legierung sowie drei Vergleichslegierungen wurden erschmolzen und zu Bolzen abgegossen. Aus den Bolzen wurden mittels Warmpressen und Kaltumformungen Drähte und Stangen mit einem Außendurchmesser von 4 mm hergestellt. Tabelle 1 zeigt die Zusammensetzung der einzelnen Legierungen in Gew.-%.
An den gezogenen Drähten wurden Rauheitsmessungen durchgeführt. Folgende Kennwerte wurden über eine Messlänge von 4 mm jeweils längs und quer zur Ziehrichtung ermittelt:
- Ra
- mittlere Rauheit
- Rz
- gemittelte Rautiefe
- Rmax
- maximale Rautiefe
- Rt
- Gesamthöhe des Profils
- Ra
- average roughness
- March
- average roughness
- Rmax
- maximum roughness
- Rt
- Total height of the profile
Tabelle 2 stellt die an den Proben ermittelten Werte einander gegenüber.
Die in Tabelle 2 dokumentierten Messwerte zeigen, dass die Oberfläche der erfinderischen Legierung bei sieben von acht Messwerten die geringste Rauheit beziehungsweise Rautiefe aufweist. Die erfinderische Legierung besitzt also im gezogenen Zustand die beste Oberflächenqualität. Insbesondere sind die an der erfinderischen Legierung ermittelten Messwerte stets geringer als die an den bleihaltigen Vergleichsproben 1 und 3 ermittelten Messwerte.The measured values documented in Table 2 show that the surface of the inventive alloy has the lowest roughness or roughness depth in seven out of eight measured values. The inventive alloy thus has the best surface quality in the drawn state. In particular, the measured values determined on the inventive alloy are always lower than the measured values determined on the lead-containing comparative samples 1 and 3.
An den vier Proben wurden Zerspanungsversuche durchgeführt. Hierzu wurde in die Drähte eine achsparallele Zentralbohrung mit Innendurchmesser von 2 mm eingebracht. Die erfindungsgemäße Legierung sowie die beiden bleihaltigen Vergleichsproben 1 und 3 ließen sich ohne Probleme zerspanen. Die Bohrspäne waren fein. Die bleifreie Vergleichsprobe 2 wurde beim Bohrversuch sehr heiß und der Bohrer brach während des Versuchs ab.
An Proben einer erfindungsgemäßen Legierung mit einer Zusammensetzung gemäß Tabelle 1 wurden die in Tabelle 3 dokumentieren mechanischen Eigenschaften ermittelt:
The mechanical properties documented in Table 3 were determined on samples of an alloy according to the invention having a composition according to Table 1:
Die Versuche zeigen, dass eine Kupfer-Nickel-Zink-Legierung gemäß der Erfindung in vorteilhafter Weise Eigenschaften vereint, wie sie in dieser Kombination bei aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Legierungen nicht zu finden sind.The experiments show that a copper-nickel-zinc alloy according to the invention advantageously combines properties which are not found in this combination in alloys known from the prior art.
Claims (5)
- Copper/nickel/zinc alloy having the following composition [in % by weight]:Cu 46.0 to 51.0%,Ni 8.0 to 11.0%,Mn 0.2 to 0.6%,Si 0.05 to 0.5%,Fe and/or Co up to 0.8%, respectively,wherein the sum of Fe content and double the Co content is at least 0.1%,balance Zn and inevitable impurities,wherein nickel-, iron- and manganese-containing and/ornickel-, cobalt- and manganese-containing mixed silicides are embedded as spherical or ellipsoidal particles in a structure comprising α phase and β phase.
- Copper/nickel/zinc alloy according to claim 1 having the following composition [in % by weight]:Cu 47.5 to 49.5%,Ni 8.0 to 10.0%,Mn 0.2 to 0.6%,Si 0.05 to 0.4%,Fe 0.2 to 0.8%,optionally up to 0.8% Co,balance Zn and inevitable impurities,wherein nickel-, iron- and manganese-containing mixed silicides are embedded as spherical or ellipsoidal particles in a structure comprising α phase and β phase.
- Copper/nickel/zinc alloy according to claim 1 having the following composition [in % by weight]:Cu 47.5 to 49.5%,Ni 8.0 to 10.0%,Mn 0.2 to 0.6%,Si 0.05 to 0.4%,Co 0.1 to 0.8%,optionally up to 0.8% Fe,balance Zn and inevitable impurities,wherein nickel-, cobalt- and manganese-containing mixed silicides are embedded as spherical or ellipsoidal particles in a structure comprising α phase and β phase.
- Use of a copper/nickel/zinc alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for producing consumer goods having high levels of requirement with regard to the surface quality.
- Use of a copper/nickel/zinc alloy according to any one of claims 1 to 3 for producing keys, locks, plug-type connectors or refill tips for ballpoint pens.
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2015
- 2015-11-17 DE DE102015014856.7A patent/DE102015014856A1/en not_active Withdrawn
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2016
- 2016-09-23 TW TW105130846A patent/TWI694163B/en active
- 2016-10-12 JP JP2018518648A patent/JP6615334B2/en active Active
- 2016-10-12 WO PCT/EP2016/001697 patent/WO2017084731A1/en active Application Filing
- 2016-10-12 PL PL16784134T patent/PL3377663T3/en unknown
- 2016-10-12 EP EP16784134.5A patent/EP3377663B1/en active Active
- 2016-10-12 US US15/767,523 patent/US10808303B2/en active Active
- 2016-10-12 CN CN201680059642.6A patent/CN108350552B/en active Active
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JP2018538431A (en) | 2018-12-27 |
WO2017084731A1 (en) | 2017-05-26 |
CN108350552B (en) | 2020-07-31 |
JP6615334B2 (en) | 2019-12-04 |
US10808303B2 (en) | 2020-10-20 |
MY185851A (en) | 2021-06-14 |
PL3377663T3 (en) | 2020-05-18 |
DE102015014856A1 (en) | 2017-05-18 |
TW201732047A (en) | 2017-09-16 |
EP3377663A1 (en) | 2018-09-26 |
CN108350552A (en) | 2018-07-31 |
US20180291484A1 (en) | 2018-10-11 |
TWI694163B (en) | 2020-05-21 |
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