EP3375980B1 - Seal holder for a flow engine - Google Patents
Seal holder for a flow engine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3375980B1 EP3375980B1 EP17160464.8A EP17160464A EP3375980B1 EP 3375980 B1 EP3375980 B1 EP 3375980B1 EP 17160464 A EP17160464 A EP 17160464A EP 3375980 B1 EP3375980 B1 EP 3375980B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sealing structure
- seal support
- cavity
- turbomachine
- sealing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
- F01D11/12—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part
- F01D11/127—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part with a deformable or crushable structure, e.g. honeycomb
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D11/00—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages
- F01D11/08—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator
- F01D11/12—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part
- F01D11/122—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part with erodable or abradable material
- F01D11/125—Preventing or minimising internal leakage of working-fluid, e.g. between stages for sealing space between rotor blade tips and stator using a rubstrip, e.g. erodible. deformable or resiliently-biased part with erodable or abradable material with a reinforcing structure
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/08—Sealings
- F04D29/16—Sealings between pressure and suction sides
- F04D29/161—Sealings between pressure and suction sides especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/164—Sealings between pressure and suction sides especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps of an axial flow wheel
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
- F04D—NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT PUMPS
- F04D29/00—Details, component parts, or accessories
- F04D29/40—Casings; Connections of working fluid
- F04D29/52—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps
- F04D29/522—Casings; Connections of working fluid for axial pumps especially adapted for elastic fluid pumps
- F04D29/526—Details of the casing section radially opposing blade tips
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2220/00—Application
- F05D2220/30—Application in turbines
- F05D2220/32—Application in turbines in gas turbines
- F05D2220/323—Application in turbines in gas turbines for aircraft propulsion, e.g. jet engines
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/30—Manufacture with deposition of material
- F05D2230/31—Layer deposition
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2240/00—Components
- F05D2240/55—Seals
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2250/00—Geometry
- F05D2250/20—Three-dimensional
- F05D2250/28—Three-dimensional patterned
- F05D2250/283—Three-dimensional patterned honeycomb
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a seal carrier for a turbomachine.
- the turbomachine may preferably be a jet engine.
- One component of this is a so-called seal carrier, which encloses the hot gas duct radially outward in the region of a rotor blade ring.
- Such a seal carrier has a first and a second seal carrier segment, which are assembled successively relative to a circulation about a longitudinal axis of the turbomachine. Radially inside, the first seal carrier segment has a first sealing structure and the second seal carrier segment has a second sealing structure.
- EP0716218 and EP2617949 discloses various sealing devices for turbomachines.
- the present invention is based on the technical problem of specifying a particularly advantageous seal carrier for a turbomachine.
- this object solves, on the one hand, a seal carrier according to claim 1, in which the first and the second sealing structure are entangled with respect to the circulation about the longitudinal axis of the turbomachine in such a way that a sectional plane which includes the longitudinal axis of the turbomachine both the first and also the second sealing structure intersects, as well as to the other a seal carrier according to claim 9, wherein the first and the second sealing structure abut each other.
- the two solution variants ie the "entanglement" of the sealing structures according to claim 1 or their “contact” to each other according to claim 9, is based on the same inventive idea, namely to extend or block the flow path between the sealing structures.
- the sealing effect can be improved and thus achieve a higher efficiency.
- a parting line between the sealing structures is generally located between the sealing structures with a size of between 0.3 mm and 0.4 mm (taken in the direction of rotation) and continuous axially in an axial direction extends. This causes leaks and loss of efficiency result.
- sealing structures are entangled with each other or abut each other, the latter at least in the hot state, preferably also already in the cold state.
- the flow path is thus at least extended.
- cutting plane which includes the longitudinal axis of the turbomachine (hereinafter also “turbomachine longitudinal axis”), that extends axially and radially, intersects both the first and the second sealing structure due to the entanglement.
- the first and the second seal carrier segment may preferably each be a half-shell, see below.
- the second transition between the sealing structures of the half-shells is optimized, preferably analogous to the first (ie the two transitions are then optimized either by the entanglement or the system) , Quite generally, in the seal carrier, preferably all transitions between circumferentially successive sealing structures, which are respectively assigned to different seal carrier segments, are flow-optimized in the manner according to the invention.
- the seal carrier is "composed" of the seal carrier segments, the latter are thus previously made separately for each separately and then assembled.
- the assembly can generally be made cohesively, for example by welding or soldering, such as inductive soldering.
- a seal carrier which is composed of two seal carrier half-shells, which are assembled together only form-fitting and / or non-positively.
- the seal carrier half-shells can, however, for example, in turn be constructed in each case from a plurality of seal carrier segments which are materially connected to each seal carrier half-shell, in particular soldered, preferably each of three seal carrier segments. Both transitions are preferred between the seal carrier half-shells as well as those within a respective half-shell in accordance with the invention flow-optimized.
- the production of the seal carrier segments is preferably generative, that is to say by selective solidification of a shapeless or shape-neutral material, see below in detail. With the generative structure, the interlacing or investment structures can be generated particularly well.
- the parting line has a parting line between the first and the second sealing structure seen in the radial direction, looking approximately radially from the turbomachine longitudinal axis thereon, at least in sections an angled to the axial direction course.
- the parting line should not extend axially straight through, but for example.
- the flow path between the sealing structures is lengthened by the course, which is angled at least in sections, that is to say in any case in an axial section, to the axial direction.
- Angled may mean, for example, an angle of 90 °, for example in the case of a pure step shape, also in conjunction with an otherwise axis-parallel extent;
- any angle smaller than 90 ° are possible (considered always the smallest included with the axial direction angle), wherein the angle over the axial extent of the parting line can also change.
- the parting line can extend at least in sections angled to the radial direction; However, preferred is a parting line with a straight line in the radial direction, only radial extent.
- turbomachine longitudinal axis As far as generally referred to in the context of this disclosure to an arrangement “axial” or an “axial direction”, this refers to the turbomachine longitudinal axis.
- the “turbomachine longitudinal axis” is then, for example, an axis of rotation about which the rotor blade ring arranged in the seal carrier is rotatably mounted.
- radial or the “radial direction” refer to the turbomachine longitudinal axis, namely, are perpendicular to it.
- circulation and “circulation direction” refer to it, namely to a circulation around the turbomachine longitudinal axis as a rotation axis.
- the sealing structures preferably form a cavity structure with a plurality of cavities axially and circumferentially separated from one another via cavity walls.
- the cavities are enclosed axially and circumferentially by the cavity walls and are preferably closed radially outward, to the turbomachine longitudinal axis, ie radially inward, they are open.
- a honeycomb structure may be preferable.
- the cavities delimited by the cavity walls then each have a hexagonal shape when viewed in the radial direction. However, this is generally not mandatory.
- the parting line passes through at least one of the cavities.
- This at least one cavity is then formed jointly by the first and the second sealing structure, the sealing structures are at the parting line to each other so at least partially open (relative to the direction of rotation).
- the sealing structures are closed at the parting line to each other, so the parting line is circumferentially enclosed on both sides of separating gap side cavity walls of the two sealing structures over its entire extent.
- the parting line is at least in sections angled extending parting line inserted into the cavity structure such that it extends between the cavities of the sealing structures and thereby passes through any of the cavities.
- the parting line is thus laid exclusively along cavity walls through the structure.
- the cavities are arranged regularly at least in the direction of rotation, even beyond the parting line.
- a specific sequence of differently shaped and / or arranged cavities may occur periodically, ie repeatedly, over the course of time, in general, for example.
- exactly one type cavity (a shape) is repeated over the revolution, and more preferably circumferentially in equidistant arrangement and alignment (the arrangement is rotationally symmetric with a certain number of counts).
- the cavities are also regularly arranged in the axial direction, that is to say that the same type of cavity is particularly preferably repeated in the axial direction in an equidistant arrangement.
- the cavities as seen in the radial direction, each have a polygonal outer shape, particularly preferably a hexagonal shape (honeycomb shape).
- the parting line can then extend along two side edges for each adjacent honeycomb, ie, describe a zig-zag line.
- the sealing structures are entangled with one another such that a cavity wall of the first sealing structure extends in the circumferential direction into the second sealing structure. This cavity wall of the first sealing structure is then arranged axially between cavity walls of the second sealing structure, but preferably also axially spaced therefrom.
- a cavity wall of the second sealing structure preferably also extends in the direction of rotation into the first sealing structure (and is arranged axially between cavity walls of the first sealing structure). More preferably, each sealing structure has a respective plurality of cavity walls extending in the direction of rotation into the respective other sealing structure.
- a cavity wall of the first sealing structure merges into a cavity wall of the second sealing structure at the sectional plane, namely the two cavity walls together form a positive connection with one another.
- This positive engagement is intended to block relative displacement with respect to the axial direction, generally only with respect to one of the axial directions, but preferably with respect to both opposite axial directions.
- the intermeshing cavity walls are nut and spring-like composite, thus forming one of the cavity walls at its circumferential end a groove into which the other cavity wall is inserted with its circumferential end.
- Their longitudinal extent, the groove base and the spring in this case each have substantially in the radial direction.
- the first sealing structure has a spring element and rests with this spring element on the second sealing structure.
- the spring element forms a contact surface, which is mounted elastically displaceable as a result of the spring property in the direction of rotation.
- This "elastic-displaceable-bearing-being" goes beyond a material inherent, beyond the E-modulus detected elasticity, namely, for example, supported by an at least partially or partially cantilever designed spring element geometry.
- the spring element can, for example, have a clasp or bridge shape.
- the second sealing structure on a spring element which forms an elastically displaceably mounted bearing surface, wherein the two sealing structures then abut each other with their spring elements.
- an elastically mounted contact surface may be of interest with a view to a certain offset compensation, cf. also the comments above.
- a seal carrier can be realized in which the sealing structures lie against one another in both the cold and the hot state, without material-critical strains.
- the spring element is slidably mounted with a storage area in the remaining sealing structure, wherein the offset of the contact surface in the direction of rotation is proportionately converted into a displacement of the storage area.
- the spring element can also be formed monolithically with the rest of the sealing structure at its opposite end, but preferably it has a further storage area, which is likewise displaceably mounted in the remaining sealing structure.
- a relative mobility (of the storage point with respect to the remaining sealing structure) with at least one directional component in the axial direction results as a result of the "displaceably stored" being, preferably a total axially aligned displacement distance.
- a corresponding sealing structure with a spring element can be generated generatively in a particularly advantageous manner produce, where the bearing is then, for example, partially constructed with a sacrificial material and the relative mobility is then given after its release.
- the seal carrier segments each have a support structure radially outside the respective sealing structure.
- the seal carrier segments are connected to each other via their support structures, in particular positive and / or non-positive, but apart from that, in their sealing structures movable relative to each other.
- the first seal carrier segment is a first seal carrier half-shell and the second seal carrier segment is a second seal carrier half-shell, see. also the comments at the beginning.
- each of the seal carrier half shells circumferentially extends over 180 °.
- the seal carrier is then, based on the direction of rotation, composed exclusively of the two seal carrier half shells, these are positively and / or non-positively connected to each other, preferably exclusively positive and / or non-positive. In other words, form the two half-shells over the entire circulation the seal carrier, so there are in the seal carrier apart from the half-shells no further seal carrier segments.
- the seal carrier segments are each in a preferred embodiment for themselves generatively manufactured parts.
- the parts are constructed on the basis of a data model from an informal or shape-neutral material which, for example, is converted selectively into regions in a dimensionally stable state by means of physical and / or chemical processes, for example by selective local melting.
- a wide range of different geometries can be produced, that is, for example, in the sealing structure, a spring element can be molded or can be realized in the circumferential direction protruding cavity walls, which then protrude into the other sealing structure after assembly.
- a support structure which is then ideally constructed with the sealing structure in the same process, can be made to special structural mechanical requirements are optimized.
- a construction of a powder bed may be preferred for the seal carrier segments, that is to say by layerwise selective solidification of a powder bed by appropriately selective irradiation, preferably by a laser beam.
- the invention also relates to a turbomachine with a presently disclosed seal carrier, in particular a jet engine.
- FIGS. 1a-c each illustrate a first sealing structure 1a and a second sealing structure 1b, looking radially to a turbomachine longitudinal axis 2 thereon.
- the sealing structures 1a, b are each part of a respective seal carrier half-shell (not shown in detail), the seal carrier half-shells are assembled into a seal carrier.
- the seal carrier half shells radially outside the respective sealing structure 1a, b each have a support structure, via which the half shells are connected to one another.
- the sealing structures 1a, b shown in the figures form the radially inner part of the seal carrier.
- the seal carrier has an overall ring shape and limits the hot gas channel of a jet engine radially outward. In the jet engine, the seal carrier accommodates a blade ring, with its radially outer ends, the blades then strip along the sealing structure 1 shown in the figures, this is also referred to as inlet lining.
- the first sealing structure 1a and the second sealing structure 1a form a cavity structure with a plurality of radially inwardly open, honeycomb-shaped cavities 3. Axially and in the direction of rotation 4, the cavities 3 via cavity walls 5 are separated from each other.
- a parting line 6 runs between the first 1a and the second sealing structure.
- the first 1a and the second sealing structure 1b are open at the parting line 6 towards each other.
- the parting line 6 thus passes through some of the cavities 3, the cavities 3 arranged on the parting line 6 are delimited both by cavities 5 of the first 1a and by the second sealing structure 1b.
- the figures la-c then differed in the course of the parting line. 6
- FIG. 1a a parting line 6 with a step, but apart from axis-parallel extension.
- the parting line 6 according to FIG. 1b over its entire axial extent a curved course, the included with the axial direction angle changes over the axial extent.
- the parting line 6 of the embodiment according to Figure 1c Although considered by itself a straight line extension, but is tilted overall to the axial direction.
- Each of these embodiments is advantageous insofar as the parting line 6 is lengthened compared to a rectilinear and exclusively axially parallel extension, which lengthens the flow path accordingly and thus increases the flow resistance. This can improve the efficiency, cf. also the description introduction.
- FIG. 2 An improved efficiency also gives the embodiment according to FIG. 2 in which the parting line 6 describes a zig-zag line.
- the first 1a and the second sealing structure 1b in this case are closed to each other at the parting line 6.
- the parting line 6 does not penetrate any of the cavities 3. It is encircled on both sides by separating-cavity-side cavity walls 5aa, 5ba of the respective sealing structure 1a, b.
- An extension of the flow path between the sealing structures 1a, b is achieved by extending cavity walls 5ab of the first sealing structure 1a into the second sealing structure 1b and extending cavity walls 5bb of the second sealing structure 1b into the first sealing structure 1a.
- the flow path is thus extended labyrinth-like.
- the first 1a and the second sealing structure 1b were entangled with each other, so there is a sectional plane containing the turbomachine longitudinal axis 2 (the sectional plane extends axially and radially), which intersects both the first la and the second sealing structure 1b , In the illustrated embodiments, this cutting plane would be horizontal in the plane of the drawing and perpendicular thereto.
- an extension or blockage of the flow paths between the sealing structures 1a, b is achieved.
- the sealing structures abut one another, for which purpose they each have a spring element 50a, b.
- the spring elements 50a, b each form a contact surface 51a, b, so they rest against each other. Due to the resilient properties of the contact surfaces 51a, b mounted in the direction of rotation a bit far elastically displaceable, which allows an offset compensation, such as in the case of temperature fluctuations.
- the spring elements 50a, b are each axially end connected to the rest of the respective sealing structure 1a, b, between them they are designed to support the spring function cantilevered.
- the spring element 50a is mounted so as to be displaceable in the remaining sealing structure, with two bearing regions 50aa arranged at the axially opposite ends. If the abutment surface 51 is thus offset in the direction of rotation 4, a part of this offset is converted into a displacement of the bearing regions 50aa, ab.
- FIG. 6 shows a turbomachine 60, namely a jet engine, in a schematic section, wherein the cutting plane includes the longitudinal axis 2 of the turbomachine 60.
- the turbomachine is functionally divided into compressor 60a, combustion chamber 60b and turbine 60c.
- the compressor 60a is constructed of a plurality of stages 61a, b, in each of which a blade ring follows a vane ring (not shown in detail).
- the turbine is also constructed in several stages, with only one blade ring 62 being shown for the sake of clarity. After radially outward, the blade ring 62 is bordered by a seal carrier 63, which is constructed in a manner described above. The blades therefore graze along the in FIG.
- sealing structure of the seal carrier 63 not shown in detail sealing structure of the seal carrier 63.
- the blade rings of the compressor 60a can each be enclosed by a seal carrier according to the invention, which is also not shown in detail.
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- Structures Of Non-Positive Displacement Pumps (AREA)
- Gasket Seals (AREA)
Description
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen Dichtungsträger für eine Strömungsmaschine.The present invention relates to a seal carrier for a turbomachine.
Wie nachstehend im Einzelnen erläutert, kann es sich bei der Strömungsmaschine bevorzugt um ein Strahltriebwerk handeln. Ein Bestandteil davon ist ein sogenannter Dichtungsträger, der im Bereich eines Laufschaufelkranzes den Heißgaskanal nach radial außen hin einfasst. Ein solcher Dichtungsträger weist ein erstes und ein zweites Dichtungsträgersegment auf, die bezogen auf einen Umlauf um eine Längsachse der Strömungsmaschine aufeinander folgend zusammengesetzt sind. Radial innen weist das erste Dichtungsträgersegment eine erste Dichtstruktur auf und das zweite Dichtungsträgersegment eine zweite Dichtstruktur.
Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt das technische Problem zugrunde, einen besonders vorteilhaften Dichtungsträger für eine Strömungsmaschine anzugeben.The present invention is based on the technical problem of specifying a particularly advantageous seal carrier for a turbomachine.
Erfindungsgemäß löst diese Aufgabe zum einen ein Dichtungsträger gemäß Anspruch 1, bei dem die erste und die zweite Dichtstruktur bezogen auf den Umlauf um die Längsachse der Strömungsmaschine derart miteinander verschränkt sind, dass eine Schnittebene, welche die Längsachse der Strömungsmaschine beinhaltet, sowohl die erste also auch die zweite Dichtstruktur schneidet,
sowie zum anderen
ein Dichtungsträger gemäß Anspruch 9, bei dem die erste und die zweite Dichtstruktur aneinander anliegen.According to the invention, this object solves, on the one hand, a seal carrier according to claim 1, in which the first and the second sealing structure are entangled with respect to the circulation about the longitudinal axis of the turbomachine in such a way that a sectional plane which includes the longitudinal axis of the turbomachine both the first and also the second sealing structure intersects,
as well as to the other
a seal carrier according to claim 9, wherein the first and the second sealing structure abut each other.
Bevorzugte Ausführungsformen finden sich in der vorliegenden Beschreibung und den abhängigen Ansprüchen, wobei in der Darstellung der Merkmale nicht immer im Einzelnen zwischen Verfahrens- und Vorrichtungs- bzw. Verwendungsaspekten unterschieden wird; jedenfalls implizit ist die Offenbarung hinsichtlich sämtlicher Anspruchskategorien zu lesen. Es sind insbesondere auch sämtliche zu einem Dichtungsträger getroffenen Angaben zugleich auf eine Strömungsmaschine, insbesondere ein Strahltriebwerk, mit einem solchen Dichtungsträger zu lesen.Preferred embodiments can be found in the present description and the dependent claims, wherein in the representation of the features is not always distinguished in detail between process and device or use aspects; In any case, implicitly, the disclosure must be read with regard to all categories of claims. In particular, all information taken about a seal carrier can also be read on a turbomachine, in particular a jet engine, with such a seal carrier.
Den beiden Lösungsvarianten, also der "Verschränkung" der Dichtstrukturen gemäß Anspruch 1 bzw. deren "Anlage" aneinander gemäß Anspruch 9, liegt dieselbe erfinderische Idee zugrunde, nämlich den Strömungspfad zwischen den Dichtstrukturen zu verlängern bzw. zu blockieren. Durch Erhöhung des Strömungswiderstands lässt sich die Dichtwirkung verbessern und damit ein höherer Wirkungsgrad erzielen. Werden hingegeben im Unterschied zum erfindungsgemäßen Gegenstand Dichtungsträgersegmente gemäß dem Stand der Technik zusammengesetzt, liegt umlaufend zwischen den Dichtstrukturen in der Regel eine Trennfuge mit einer Größe zwischen 0,3 mm und 0,4 mm vor (in Umlaufrichtung genommen), die sich axial geradlinig durchgehend erstreckt. Dies bedingt Leckagen und hat Wirkungsgradeinbußen zur Folge.The two solution variants, ie the "entanglement" of the sealing structures according to claim 1 or their "contact" to each other according to claim 9, is based on the same inventive idea, namely to extend or block the flow path between the sealing structures. By increasing the flow resistance, the sealing effect can be improved and thus achieve a higher efficiency. If, in contrast to the object according to the invention, sealing element segments according to the prior art are combined, a parting line between the sealing structures is generally located between the sealing structures with a size of between 0.3 mm and 0.4 mm (taken in the direction of rotation) and continuous axially in an axial direction extends. This causes leaks and loss of efficiency result.
Erfindungsgemäß wird dies vermieden, indem die Dichtstrukturen miteinander verschränkt sind oder aneinander anliegen, letzteres jedenfalls im Heißzustand, bevorzugt auch bereits im Kaltzustand. Gegenüber dem Vergleichsfall einer sich axial geradlinig durchgehend erstreckenden Trennfuge wird der Strömungspfad somit zumindest verlängert. Die in Anspruch 1 konkretisierte "Schnittebene", welche die Längsachse der Strömungsmaschine (nachstehend auch "Strömungsmaschinen-Längsachse") beinhaltet, sich also axial und radial erstreckt, schneidet aufgrund der Verschränkung sowohl die erste als auch die zweite Dichtstruktur. Dies gilt dann üblicherweise für sämtliche jeweils die Strömungsmaschinen-Längsachse beinhaltenden Schnittebenen, die innerhalb eines gewissen Umlaufwinkelintervalls liegen, das sich bspw. über mindestens 0,01°, 0,03° bzw. 0,05° und (davon unabhängig) z. B. nicht mehr als 1°, 0,8° bzw. 0,5° erstrecken kann (jeweils in der Reihenfolge der Nennung zunehmend bevorzugt). Im Vergleichsfall der axial geradlinigen Trennfuge gibt es hingegen keine einzige solche Schnittebene, die beide Dichtstrukturen zugleich schneidet (sondern schneiden entsprechende Ebenen entweder die eine oder die andere Dichtstruktur bzw. liegen sie dazwischen).According to the invention this is avoided by the sealing structures are entangled with each other or abut each other, the latter at least in the hot state, preferably also already in the cold state. Compared to the comparison case of an axially straight line continuously extending parting line, the flow path is thus at least extended. The specified in claim 1 "cutting plane", which includes the longitudinal axis of the turbomachine (hereinafter also "turbomachine longitudinal axis"), that extends axially and radially, intersects both the first and the second sealing structure due to the entanglement. This is then usually the case for all cutting planes each containing the turbomachine longitudinal axis, which lie within a certain circulation angle interval which, for example, lies above at least 0.01 °, 0.03 ° or 0.05 ° and (independently of this) z. B. not more than 1 °, 0.8 ° or 0.5 ° can extend (each in the order of Naming increasingly preferred). In contrast, the axially rectilinear parting line, however, there is no single such cutting plane that cuts both sealing structures at the same time (but intersect corresponding levels either one or the other sealing structure or lie in between).
Das erste und das zweite Dichtungsträgersegment können bevorzugt jeweils eine Halbschale sein, siehe unten. Bevorzugt gibt es dann nicht nur einen durch die Verschränkung bzw. die Anlage strömungsoptimierten Übergang, sondern ist auch der zweite Übergang zwischen den Dichtstrukturen der Halbschalen optimiert, bevorzugt analog dem ersten (sind also die beiden Übergänge dann entweder durch die Verschränkung oder die Anlage optimiert). Ganz allgemein sind in dem Dichtungsträger bevorzugt sämtliche Übergänge zwischen umlaufend aufeinander folgenden Dichtstrukturen, die jeweils unterschiedlichen Dichtungsträgersegmenten zugeordnet sind, in erfindungsgemäßer Weise strömungsoptimiert.The first and the second seal carrier segment may preferably each be a half-shell, see below. Preferably there is then not only a flow-optimized transition through the entanglement or the system, but also the second transition between the sealing structures of the half-shells is optimized, preferably analogous to the first (ie the two transitions are then optimized either by the entanglement or the system) , Quite generally, in the seal carrier, preferably all transitions between circumferentially successive sealing structures, which are respectively assigned to different seal carrier segments, are flow-optimized in the manner according to the invention.
Generell sind im Rahmen dieser Offenbarungen "ein" und "eine" als unbestimmte Artikel zu lesen, also ohne ausdrücklich gegenteilige Angabe jeweils auch als "mindestens ein" bzw. "mindestens eine". Es können also bspw., wie vorstehend erläutert, auch mehrere Schnittebenen das hauptanspruchsgemäße Kriterium erfüllen bzw. können auch mehrere Übergänge des Dichtungsträgers entsprechend strömungsoptimiert sein. Die Strömungsmaschine kann dann bspw. eine Mehrzahl entsprechend gestalteter Dichtungsträger aufweisen.In general, within the scope of these disclosures, "a" and "an" are to be read as indefinite articles, that is to say without expressly indicating otherwise also as "at least one" or "at least one". Thus, for example, as explained above, several cutting planes can fulfill the main criterion, or several transitions of the seal carrier can be correspondingly optimized in terms of flow. The turbomachine can then have, for example, a plurality of correspondingly designed seal carrier.
Der Dichtungsträger ist aus den Dichtungsträgersegmenten "zusammengesetzt", letztere werden also zuvor jeweils für sich gesondert hergestellt und dann zusammengebaut. Der Zusammenbau kann im Allgemeinen auch stoffschlüssig erfolgen, bspw. durch Schweißen oder Verlöten, etwa induktives Löten. Bevorzugt kann ein Dichtungsträger sein, der aus zwei Dichtungsträgerhalbschalen zusammengesetzt ist, die miteinander ausschließlich form- und/oder kraftschlüssig zusammengebaut sind. Die Dichtungsträgerhalbschalen können dabei aber bspw. auch ihrerseits jeweils aus mehreren Dichtungsträgersegmenten aufgebaut sein, die je Dichtungsträgerhalbschale miteinander stoffschlüssig verbunden, insbesondere verlötet sind, bevorzugt jeweils aus drei Dichtungsträgersegmenten. Bevorzugt sind dann sowohl die Übergänge zwischen den Dichtungsträgerhalbschalen als auch jene innerhalb einer jeweiligen Halbschale in erfindungsgemäßer Weise strömungsoptimiert. Die Herstellung der Dichtungsträgersegmente erfolgt bevorzugt generativ, also durch selektives Verfestigen eines formlosen oder formneutralen Materials, siehe unten im Detail. Mit dem generativen Aufbau lassen sich die Verschränkungs- bzw. Anlagestrukturen besonders gut erzeugen.The seal carrier is "composed" of the seal carrier segments, the latter are thus previously made separately for each separately and then assembled. The assembly can generally be made cohesively, for example by welding or soldering, such as inductive soldering. Preferably may be a seal carrier, which is composed of two seal carrier half-shells, which are assembled together only form-fitting and / or non-positively. The seal carrier half-shells can, however, for example, in turn be constructed in each case from a plurality of seal carrier segments which are materially connected to each seal carrier half-shell, in particular soldered, preferably each of three seal carrier segments. Both transitions are preferred between the seal carrier half-shells as well as those within a respective half-shell in accordance with the invention flow-optimized. The production of the seal carrier segments is preferably generative, that is to say by selective solidification of a shapeless or shape-neutral material, see below in detail. With the generative structure, the interlacing or investment structures can be generated particularly well.
Nachstehend wird nun zunächst die Variante "Verschränkung" weiter im Detail erläutert.The variant "Entanglement" will now be explained in detail below.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform hat eine Trennfuge zwischen der ersten und der zweiten Dichtstruktur in radialer Richtung gesehen, etwa von der Strömungsmaschinen-Längsachse aus nach radial außen darauf blickend, zumindest abschnittsweise einen zur axialen Richtung gewinkelten Verlauf. In anderen Worten soll sich die Trennfuge nicht axial geradlinig durchgehend erstrecken, sondern bspw. eine Stufenform, mit einer bzw. auch mehreren Stufen, bzw. auch einen gekrümmten Verlauf haben, also eine Kurvenform beschreiben (im Sinne einer stetig differenzierbaren Kurve).In a preferred embodiment, has a parting line between the first and the second sealing structure seen in the radial direction, looking approximately radially from the turbomachine longitudinal axis thereon, at least in sections an angled to the axial direction course. In other words, the parting line should not extend axially straight through, but for example. A step shape, with one or more stages, or even have a curved course, so describe a waveform (in the sense of a continuously differentiable curve).
Unabhängig davon im Einzelnen wird durch den zumindest abschnittsweise, also jedenfalls in einem axialen Abschnitt, zur axialen Richtung gewinkelten Verlauf der Strömungspfad zwischen den Dichtstrukturen verlängert. "Gewinkelt" kann bspw. einen Winkel von 90° meinen, etwa im Falle einer reinen Stufenform auch in Verbindung mit einer ansonsten achsparallelen Erstreckung; andererseits sind auch beliebige Winkel kleiner 90° möglich (betrachtet wird immer der kleinste mit der axialen Richtung eingeschlossene Winkel), wobei sich der Winkel über die axiale Erstreckung der Trennfuge auch ändern kann. Radial kann sich die Trennfuge zumindest abschnittsweise gewinkelt zur radialen Richtung erstrecken; bevorzugt ist jedoch eine Trennfuge mit in radialer Richtung geradliniger, ausschließlich radialer Erstreckung.Independently of this, the flow path between the sealing structures is lengthened by the course, which is angled at least in sections, that is to say in any case in an axial section, to the axial direction. "Angled" may mean, for example, an angle of 90 °, for example in the case of a pure step shape, also in conjunction with an otherwise axis-parallel extent; On the other hand, any angle smaller than 90 ° are possible (considered always the smallest included with the axial direction angle), wherein the angle over the axial extent of the parting line can also change. Radially, the parting line can extend at least in sections angled to the radial direction; However, preferred is a parting line with a straight line in the radial direction, only radial extent.
Soweit generell im Rahmen dieser Offenbarung auf eine Anordnung "axial" bzw. eine "axiale Richtung" Bezug genommen wird, bezieht sich dies auf die Strömungsmaschinen-Längsachse. In der Strömungsmaschine ist die "Strömungsmaschinen-Längsachse" dann bspw. eine Rotationsachse, um welche der in dem Dichtungsträger angeordnete Laufschaufelkranz drehbar gelagert ist. Auch "radial" bzw. die "Radialrichtung" beziehen sich auf die Strömungsmaschinen-Längsachse, liegen nämlich senkrecht dazu. Gleichermaßen beziehen sich "Umlauf" und die "Umlaufrichtung" darauf, nämlich auf einen Umlauf um die Strömungsmaschinen-Längsachse als Rotationsachse.As far as generally referred to in the context of this disclosure to an arrangement "axial" or an "axial direction", this refers to the turbomachine longitudinal axis. In the turbomachine, the "turbomachine longitudinal axis" is then, for example, an axis of rotation about which the rotor blade ring arranged in the seal carrier is rotatably mounted. Also "radial" or the "radial direction" refer to the turbomachine longitudinal axis, namely, are perpendicular to it. Similarly, "circulation" and "circulation direction" refer to it, namely to a circulation around the turbomachine longitudinal axis as a rotation axis.
Generell bilden die Dichtstrukturen bevorzugt eine Hohlraumstruktur mit mehreren axial und umlaufend über Hohlraumwände voneinander getrennten Hohlräumen. Die Hohlräume werden zwar axial und umlaufend von den Hohlraumwänden eingefasst und sind auch nach radial außen bevorzugt geschlossen, zur Strömungsmaschinen-Längsachse hin, also nach radial innen, sind sie jedoch offen. Als Hohlraumstruktur kann eine Wabenstruktur bevorzugt sein. Die von den Hohlraumwänden begrenzten Hohlräume haben dann, in radialer Richtung gesehen, jeweils eine sechseckige Form. Dies ist aber im Allgemeinen nicht zwingend. Soweit generell auf "axial und umlaufend" über die Hohlraumwände voneinander getrennte und damit aufeinander folgende Hohlräume Bezug genommen wird, meint dies, dass ein Teil der Hohlräume axial und ein anderer Teil umlaufend aufeinander folgt, wobei je nach Form und Anordnung einige Hohlräume auch tatsächlich zugleich axial und umlaufend aufeinander folgen können.In general, the sealing structures preferably form a cavity structure with a plurality of cavities axially and circumferentially separated from one another via cavity walls. Although the cavities are enclosed axially and circumferentially by the cavity walls and are preferably closed radially outward, to the turbomachine longitudinal axis, ie radially inward, they are open. As the cavity structure, a honeycomb structure may be preferable. The cavities delimited by the cavity walls then each have a hexagonal shape when viewed in the radial direction. However, this is generally not mandatory. As far as generally "axially and circumferentially" on the cavity walls separate and thus successive cavities reference is made, this means that a part of the cavities axially and another part circumferentially following each other, depending on the shape and arrangement some cavities actually at the same time can follow each other axially and circumferentially.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform, welche die Trennfuge mit zumindest abschnittsweise gewinkelter Erstreckung betrifft, durchsetzt die Trennfuge zumindest einen der Hohlräume. Dieser zumindest eine Hohlraum wird dann von der ersten und der zweiten Dichtstruktur gemeinsam gebildet, die Dichtstrukturen sind an der Trennfuge zueinander hin also zumindest teilweise geöffnet (bezogen auf die Umlaufrichtung).In a preferred embodiment, which relates to the parting line with at least partially angled extension, the parting line passes through at least one of the cavities. This at least one cavity is then formed jointly by the first and the second sealing structure, the sealing structures are at the parting line to each other so at least partially open (relative to the direction of rotation).
Bei einer anderen bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die Dichtstrukturen an der Trennfuge zueinander hin geschlossen, wird die Trennfuge also über ihre gesamte Erstreckung umlaufend beidseitig von trennfugenseitigen Hohlraumwänden der beiden Dichtstrukturen eingefasst. In anderen Worten ist die sich zumindest abschnittsweise gewinkelt erstreckende Trennfuge derart in die Hohlraumstruktur hineingelegt, dass sie sich zwischen den Hohlräumen der Dichtstrukturen erstreckt und dabei keinen der Hohlräume durchsetzt. Von einer zwischen den Dichtstrukturen gedacht ununterbrochenen Hohlraumstruktur ausgehend wird die Trennfuge also ausschließlich entlang von Hohlraumwänden durch die Struktur gelegt.In another preferred embodiment, the sealing structures are closed at the parting line to each other, so the parting line is circumferentially enclosed on both sides of separating gap side cavity walls of the two sealing structures over its entire extent. In other words, it is at least in sections angled extending parting line inserted into the cavity structure such that it extends between the cavities of the sealing structures and thereby passes through any of the cavities. Starting from an uninterrupted cavity structure conceived between the sealing structures, the parting line is thus laid exclusively along cavity walls through the structure.
In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung sind die Hohlräume zumindest in Umlaufrichtung regelmäßig angeordnet, auch über die Trennfuge hinweg. Infolge der "regelmäßigen" Anordnung kann über den Umlauf hinweg im Allgemeinen bspw. eine bestimmte Abfolge unterschiedlich geformter und/oder angeordneter Hohlräume periodisch, also wiederholt auftreten. Bevorzugt wiederholt sich über den Umlauf hinweg genau ein Typ Hohlraum (eine Form), und zwar weiter bevorzugt umlaufend in äquidistanter Anordnung und gleiche Ausrichtung (die Anordnung ist mit einer bestimmten Zähligkeit drehsymmetrisch). Vorzugsweise sind die Hohlräume auch in axialer Richtung regelmäßig angeordnet, wiederholt sich also besonders bevorzugt derselbe Typ Hohlraum in axialer Richtung in äquidistanter Anordnung.In a preferred embodiment, the cavities are arranged regularly at least in the direction of rotation, even beyond the parting line. As a result of the "regular" arrangement, a specific sequence of differently shaped and / or arranged cavities may occur periodically, ie repeatedly, over the course of time, in general, for example. Preferably, exactly one type cavity (a shape) is repeated over the revolution, and more preferably circumferentially in equidistant arrangement and alignment (the arrangement is rotationally symmetric with a certain number of counts). Preferably, the cavities are also regularly arranged in the axial direction, that is to say that the same type of cavity is particularly preferably repeated in the axial direction in an equidistant arrangement.
Bevorzugt haben die Hohlräume in radialer Richtung gesehen jeweils eine polygonförmige Außenform, besonders bevorzugt eine Sechseckform (Wabenform). Im Falle der an der Trennfuge zueinander hin geschlossenen Dichtstrukturen kann sich die Trennfuge dann bei jeder darangrenzenden Wabe entlang zwei Seitenkanten erstrecken, also eine Zick-Zack-Linie beschreiben.Preferably, the cavities, as seen in the radial direction, each have a polygonal outer shape, particularly preferably a hexagonal shape (honeycomb shape). In the case of sealing structures closed to one another at the parting line, the parting line can then extend along two side edges for each adjacent honeycomb, ie, describe a zig-zag line.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind die Dichtstrukturen dahingehend miteinander verschränkt, dass eine Hohlraumwand der ersten Dichtstruktur in Umlaufrichtung in die zweite Dichtstruktur hineinreicht. Diese Hohlraumwand der ersten Dichtstruktur ist dann axial zwischen Hohlraumwänden der zweiten Dichtstruktur angeordnet, dabei aber vorzugsweise auch axial dazu beabstandet. Bevorzugt reicht auch eine Hohlraumwand der zweiten Dichtstruktur in Umlaufrichtung in die erste Dichtstruktur hinein (und ist sie axial zwischen Hohlraumwänden der ersten Dichtstruktur angeordnet). Weiter bevorzugt gibt es je Dichtstruktur jeweils eine Mehrzahl entsprechend in Umlaufrichtung in die jeweilig andere Dichtstruktur hineinreichender Hohlraumwände. Besonders bevorzugt folgen die entsprechenden Hohlraumwände der beiden Dichtstrukturen in axialer Richtung abwechselnd aufeinander, wird die Schnittebene also abwechselnd von jeweils einer Hohlraumwand der ersten und der zweiten Dichtstruktur durchsetzt. Auch unabhängig davon im Einzelnen muss das "in Umlaufrichtung hineinreichen" der jeweiligen Hohlraumwand nicht notwendigerweise eine Erstreckung ausschließlich in Umlaufrichtung implizieren, wenngleich dies bevorzugt ist (in einer Ansicht radial darauf blickend).In a preferred embodiment, the sealing structures are entangled with one another such that a cavity wall of the first sealing structure extends in the circumferential direction into the second sealing structure. This cavity wall of the first sealing structure is then arranged axially between cavity walls of the second sealing structure, but preferably also axially spaced therefrom. A cavity wall of the second sealing structure preferably also extends in the direction of rotation into the first sealing structure (and is arranged axially between cavity walls of the first sealing structure). More preferably, each sealing structure has a respective plurality of cavity walls extending in the direction of rotation into the respective other sealing structure. Especially preferred are the corresponding ones Cavity walls of the two sealing structures in the axial direction alternately to each other, the cutting plane is thus interspersed alternately by a respective cavity wall of the first and the second sealing structure. Also independently of this, in particular, "extending in the circumferential direction" of the respective cavity wall does not necessarily imply an extension exclusively in the circumferential direction, although this is preferred (looking radially in a view therefrom).
In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung endet bzw. enden die in die jeweilig andere Dichtstruktur hineinreichende(n) Hohlraumwand bzw. -wände in der jeweilig anderen Dichtstruktur jeweils zu deren Hohlraumwänden beabstandet. Trotz der Verschränkung verbleibt also zwischen den Hohlraumwänden der ersten und der zweiten Dichtstruktur gleichwohl ein gewisses Spiel. Dies kann bspw. hinsichtlich mitunter großer Temperaturdifferenzen, die zwischen Aus- und Betriebs-Zustand auftreten können, vorteilhaft sein. Trotz eines möglichen, infolge der Temperaturdifferenzen auftretenden Relativversatzes kann somit Verspannungen vorgebeugt werden.In a preferred embodiment ends or end in the respective other sealing structure reaching (s) cavity wall or walls in the respective other sealing structure in each case to the cavity walls. Despite the entanglement thus remains between the cavity walls of the first and the second sealing structure nevertheless a certain amount of play. This can be advantageous, for example, with regard to sometimes large temperature differences that can occur between the operating and the off-state. Despite a possible, due to the temperature differences occurring relative offset thus tension can be prevented.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform geht an der Schnittebene eine Hohlraumwand der ersten Dichtstruktur in eine Hohlraumwand der zweiten Dichtstruktur über, bilden die beiden Hohlraumwände miteinander nämlich einen Formschluss. Dieser Formschluss soll ein Relativversetzen in Bezug auf die axiale Richtung blockieren, im Allgemeinen auch nur im Bezug auf eine der axialen Richtungen, bevorzugt jedoch in Bezug auf beide einander entgegengesetzten axialen Richtungen.In a preferred embodiment, a cavity wall of the first sealing structure merges into a cavity wall of the second sealing structure at the sectional plane, namely the two cavity walls together form a positive connection with one another. This positive engagement is intended to block relative displacement with respect to the axial direction, generally only with respect to one of the axial directions, but preferably with respect to both opposite axial directions.
In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung sind die ineinander übergehenden Hohlraumwände nut und feder-artig zusammengesetzt, bildet also eine der Hohlraumwände an ihrem umlaufseitigen Ende eine Nut, in welche die andere Hohlraumwand mit ihrem umlaufseitigen Ende eingesetzt ist. Ihre Längenerstreckung können der Nutgrund und die Feder hierbei jeweils im Wesentlichen in radialer Richtung haben. Wenngleich der Formschluss einen axialen Relativversatz blockiert, kann in Umlaufrichtung aus den einige Absätze zuvor geschilderten Gründen noch ein gewisses Spiel bestehen, muss die Feder also nicht zwingend bis zum Nutgrund reichen, jedenfalls im Kaltzustand.In a preferred embodiment, the intermeshing cavity walls are nut and spring-like composite, thus forming one of the cavity walls at its circumferential end a groove into which the other cavity wall is inserted with its circumferential end. Their longitudinal extent, the groove base and the spring in this case each have substantially in the radial direction. Although the form-fitting blocks an axial relative offset, there may still be a certain amount of play in the direction of rotation for the reasons described above, so that the spring does not necessarily have to reach the bottom of the groove, at least in the cold state.
Nachstehend werden die aneinander anliegenden Dichtstrukturen weiter im Detail erläutert.Hereinafter, the abutting sealing structures will be further explained in detail.
In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung weist die erste Dichtstruktur ein Federelement auf und liegt sie mit diesem Federelement an der zweiten Dichtstruktur an. Das Federelement bildet eine Anlagefläche, die infolge der Federeigenschaft in Umlaufrichtung elastisch versetzbar gelagert ist. Dieses "elastisch-versetzbar-gelagert-Sein" geht über eine materialinhärente, über den E-Modul erfasste Elastizität hinaus, wird nämlich bspw. durch eine zumindest abschnitts- bzw. bereichsweise freitragend ausgeführte Federelement-Geometrie unterstützt. In radialer Richtung gesehen kann das Federelement bspw. eine Spangen- bzw. Brückenform haben. Bevorzugt weist auch die zweite Dichtstruktur ein Federelement auf, welches eine elastisch versetzbar gelagerte Anlagefläche bildet, wobei die beiden Dichtstrukturen dann mit ihren Federelementen aneinander anliegen.In a preferred embodiment, the first sealing structure has a spring element and rests with this spring element on the second sealing structure. The spring element forms a contact surface, which is mounted elastically displaceable as a result of the spring property in the direction of rotation. This "elastic-displaceable-bearing-being" goes beyond a material inherent, beyond the E-modulus detected elasticity, namely, for example, supported by an at least partially or partially cantilever designed spring element geometry. Seen in the radial direction, the spring element can, for example, have a clasp or bridge shape. Preferably, the second sealing structure on a spring element, which forms an elastically displaceably mounted bearing surface, wherein the two sealing structures then abut each other with their spring elements.
Das Vorsehen einer elastisch gelagerten Anlagefläche kann mit Blick auf einen gewissen Versatzausgleich von Interesse sein, vgl. auch die vorstehenden Anmerkungen. Idealerweise lässt sich ein Dichtungsträger realisieren, bei dem die Dichtstrukturen sowohl im Kalt- als auch im Heißzustand aneinander anliegen, und zwar ohne materialkritische Verspannungen.The provision of an elastically mounted contact surface may be of interest with a view to a certain offset compensation, cf. also the comments above. Ideally, a seal carrier can be realized in which the sealing structures lie against one another in both the cold and the hot state, without material-critical strains.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist das Federelement mit einem Lagerungsbereich in der übrigen Dichtstruktur verschiebbar gelagert, wobei der Versatz der Anlagefläche in Umlaufrichtung anteilig in eine Verschiebung des Lagerungsbereichs umgesetzt wird. Im Allgemeinen kann das Federelement dabei an seinem entgegengesetzten Ende auch monolithisch mit der übrigen Dichtstruktur ausgebildet sein, bevorzugt weist es jedoch einen weiteren Lagerungsbereich auf, der ebenfalls in der übrigen Dichtstruktur verschiebbar gelagert ist. Je Lagerungspunkt ergibt sich infolge des "verschiebbar-gelagert-Seins" eine Relativbeweglichkeit (des Lagerungspunktes gegenüber der übrigen Dichtstruktur) mit zumindest einer Richtungskomponente in axialer Richtung, bevorzugt kann eine insgesamt axial ausgerichtete Verschiebestrecke sein. Auch unabhängig davon im Einzelnen lässt sich eine entsprechende Dichtstruktur mit Federelement in besonders vorteilhafter Weise generativ herstellen, wobei das Lager dann bspw. bereichsweise mit einem Opfermaterial aufgebaut wird und die Relativbeweglichkeit dann nach dessen Auslösen gegeben ist.In a preferred embodiment, the spring element is slidably mounted with a storage area in the remaining sealing structure, wherein the offset of the contact surface in the direction of rotation is proportionately converted into a displacement of the storage area. In general, the spring element can also be formed monolithically with the rest of the sealing structure at its opposite end, but preferably it has a further storage area, which is likewise displaceably mounted in the remaining sealing structure. Depending on the storage point, a relative mobility (of the storage point with respect to the remaining sealing structure) with at least one directional component in the axial direction results as a result of the "displaceably stored" being, preferably a total axially aligned displacement distance. Even independently of this, a corresponding sealing structure with a spring element can be generated generatively in a particularly advantageous manner produce, where the bearing is then, for example, partially constructed with a sacrificial material and the relative mobility is then given after its release.
Bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform, die sowohl im Falle der "Anlage" als auch bei der "Verschränkung" von Interesse sein kann, weisen die Dichtungsträgersegmente radial außerhalb der jeweiligen Dichtstruktur jeweils eine Trägerstruktur auf. Die Dichtungsträgersegmente sind über ihre Trägerstrukturen miteinander verbunden, insbesondere form- und/oder kraftschlüssig, abgesehen davon jedoch in ihren Dichtstrukturen relativ zueinander beweglich. Es wird auf die vorstehenden Angaben zum Versatzausgleich und zu dessen Vorteilen verwiesen.In a preferred embodiment, which may be of interest both in the case of the "installation" and in the "entanglement", the seal carrier segments each have a support structure radially outside the respective sealing structure. The seal carrier segments are connected to each other via their support structures, in particular positive and / or non-positive, but apart from that, in their sealing structures movable relative to each other. Reference is made to the above information on offset compensation and its advantages.
In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung ist das erste Dichtungsträgersegment eine erste Dichtungsträgerhalbschale ist und ist das zweite Dichtungsträgersegment eine zweite Dichtungsträgerhalbschale, vgl. auch die Anmerkungen eingangs. Bevorzugt erstreckt sich jede der Dichtungsträgerhalbschalen umlaufend über 180°. Der Dichtungsträger ist dann, bezogen auf die Umlaufrichtung, ausschließlich aus den beiden Dichtungsträgerhalbschalen zusammengesetzt, diese sind miteinander form- und/oder kraftschlüssig verbunden, bevorzugt ausschließlich form- und/oder kraftschlüssig. In anderen Worten bilden die beiden Halbschalen über den gesamten Umlauf den Dichtungsträger, gibt es also in dem Dichtungsträger von den Halbschalen abgesehen keine weiteren Dichtungsträgersegmente.In a preferred embodiment, the first seal carrier segment is a first seal carrier half-shell and the second seal carrier segment is a second seal carrier half-shell, see. also the comments at the beginning. Preferably, each of the seal carrier half shells circumferentially extends over 180 °. The seal carrier is then, based on the direction of rotation, composed exclusively of the two seal carrier half shells, these are positively and / or non-positively connected to each other, preferably exclusively positive and / or non-positive. In other words, form the two half-shells over the entire circulation the seal carrier, so there are in the seal carrier apart from the half-shells no further seal carrier segments.
Wie bereits erwähnt, sind die Dichtungsträgersegmente in bevorzugter Ausgestaltung jeweils für sich generativ gefertigte Teile. Ganz allgemein ausgedrückt werden die Teile also anhand eines Datenmodells aus einem formlosen oder formneutralen Material aufgebaut, das bspw. mittels physikalischer und/oder chemischer Prozesse, etwa durch ein selektiv lokales Aufschmelzen, selektiv bereichsweise in einen formfesten Zustand übergeführt wird. Dementsprechend ist eine große Bandbreite unterschiedlicher Geometrien herstellbar, kann also bspw. in die Dichtstruktur ein Federelement eingeformt werden oder lassen sich in Umlaufrichtung überstehende Hohlraumwände realisieren, die dann nach dem Zusammenbau in die andere Dichtstruktur hineinragen. Eine Trägerstruktur, die dann idealerweise mit der Dichtstruktur im selben Prozess aufgebaut wird, kann andererseits auf spezielle strukturmechanische Anforderungen hin optimiert werden. Auch unabhängig davon im Einzelnen kann für die Dichtungsträgersegmente jeweils ein Aufbau aus einem Pulverbett bevorzugt sein, also durch schichtweise selektives Verfestigen eines Pulverbetts durch entsprechend selektive Bestrahlung, bevorzugt durch einen Laserstrahl.As already mentioned, the seal carrier segments are each in a preferred embodiment for themselves generatively manufactured parts. In general terms, therefore, the parts are constructed on the basis of a data model from an informal or shape-neutral material which, for example, is converted selectively into regions in a dimensionally stable state by means of physical and / or chemical processes, for example by selective local melting. Accordingly, a wide range of different geometries can be produced, that is, for example, in the sealing structure, a spring element can be molded or can be realized in the circumferential direction protruding cavity walls, which then protrude into the other sealing structure after assembly. On the other hand, a support structure, which is then ideally constructed with the sealing structure in the same process, can be made to special structural mechanical requirements are optimized. Independently of this, in each case a construction of a powder bed may be preferred for the seal carrier segments, that is to say by layerwise selective solidification of a powder bed by appropriately selective irradiation, preferably by a laser beam.
Wie bereits erwähnt, betrifft die Erfindung auch eine Strömungsmaschine mit einem vorliegend offenbarten Dichtungsträger, insbesondere ein Strahltriebwerk.As already mentioned, the invention also relates to a turbomachine with a presently disclosed seal carrier, in particular a jet engine.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert, wobei die einzelnen Merkmale im Rahmen der nebengeordneten Ansprüche auch in anderer Kombination erfindungswesentlich sein können und auch weiterhin nicht im Einzelnen zwischen den unterschiedlichen Anspruchskategorien unterschieden wird.In the following, the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments, wherein the individual features in the context of the independent claims in another combination may be essential to the invention and continue to distinguish not in detail between the different categories of claims.
Im Einzelnen zeigen
- Figur la-b
- jeweils zwei Dichtstrukturen eines Dichtungsträgers, die in einer sich zumindest abschnittsweise gewinkelt erstreckenden Trennfuge aneinander grenzen und dabei zueinander hin geöffnet sind;
Figur 2- zwei Dichtstrukturen eines Dichtungsträgers, die in einer sich gewinkelt zur axialen Richtung erstreckenden Trennfuge aneinander grenzen und dabei zueinander hin geschlossen sind;
Figur 3- zwei Dichtstrukturen eines Dichtungsträgers mit einer Hohlraumstruktur, deren Hohlraumwände wechselseitig in die jeweilig andere Dichtstruktur hineinreichen;
Figur 4- zwei Dichtstrukturen eines Dichtungsträgers mit einer Hohlraumstruktur, deren Hohlraumwände an einer Trennfuge zwischen den Dichtstrukturen formschlüssig ineinander übergehen;
- Figur 5a, b
- zwei Dichtstrukturen eines Dichtungsträgers, die mit Federelementen aneinander anliegen;
Figur 6- ein Strahltriebwerk mit einem Dichtungsträger in schematischer Ansicht.
- Figure la-b
- in each case two sealing structures of a seal carrier, which adjoin one another in an at least sectionally angled extending parting line and are thereby open towards each other;
- FIG. 2
- two sealing structures of a seal carrier, which adjoin each other in an angle to the axial direction extending parting line and are closed to each other;
- FIG. 3
- two sealing structures of a seal carrier with a cavity structure whose cavity walls mutually extend into the respective other sealing structure;
- FIG. 4
- two sealing structures of a seal carrier with a cavity structure whose cavity walls merge into one another in a form-fitting manner at a parting line between the sealing structures;
- FIG. 5a, b
- two sealing structures of a seal carrier, which bear against each other with spring elements;
- FIG. 6
- a jet engine with a seal carrier in a schematic view.
Die
Die erste Dichtstruktur 1a und die zweite Dichtstruktur 1a bilden einen Hohlraumstruktur mit mehreren nach radial innen offenen, wabenförmigen Hohlräumen 3. Axial und in Umlaufrichtung 4 sind die Hohlräume 3 über Hohlraumwände 5 voneinander getrennt.The
Zwischen der ersten 1a und der zweiten Dichtstruktur verläuft eine Trennfuge 6. Im Falle der Figuren la-c sind die erste 1a und die zweite Dichtstruktur 1b an der Trennfuge 6 zueinander hin geöffnet. Die Trennfuge 6 durchsetzt also einige der Hohlräume 3, die an der Trennfuge 6 angeordneten Hohlräume 3 werden sowohl von Hohlräumwänden 5 der ersten 1a als auch der zweiten Dichtstruktur 1b begrenzt. Im Übrigen unterschieden sich die Figuren la-c dann im Verlauf der Trennfuge 6.A
So zeigt
Einen verbesserten Wirkungsgrad ergibt auch die Ausführungsform gemäß
Bei der Ausführungsform gemäß
Bei der Ausführungsform gemäß
Bei sämtlichen bislang geschilderten Ausführungsformen waren die erste 1a und die zweite Dichtstruktur 1b miteinander verschränkt, gibt es also eine die Strömungsmaschinen-Längsachse 2 beinhaltende Schnittebene (die Schnittebene erstreckt sich axial und radial), die sowohl die erste la also auch die zweite Dichtstruktur 1b schneidet. Bei den dargestellten Ausführungsformen würde diese Schnittebene horizontal in der Zeichenebene und senkrecht dazu liegen.In all the previously described embodiments, the first 1a and the
Auch mit der Ausführungsform bzw. den Ausführungsformen gemäß den
Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß
Claims (15)
- Seal support (63) preferably for a jet engine in the form of a turbomachine (60), which seal support has a first and a second seal support segment, which seal support segments are assembled successively in relation to a circumference about a longitudinal axis (2) of the turbomachine (60), the first seal support segment having a first sealing structure (1a) radially inwardly and the second seal support segment having a second sealing structure (1b) radially inwardly in relation to the longitudinal axis (2) of the turbomachine (60), characterized in that the first (1a) and the second sealing structure (1b) of the seal support (63) are interlocked with one another in relation to the circumference such that a section plane which comprises the longitudinal axis (2) of the turbomachine (60) intersects both the first (1a) and the second sealing structure (1b).
- Seal support (63) according to claim 1, wherein a parting line (6) extends in the circumferential direction (4) between the first (1a) and the second sealing structure (1b), which parting line extends over its axial extent so as to be angled to the axial direction at least in portions, when viewed in the radial direction.
- Seal support (63) according to claim 2, wherein the first (1a) and the second sealing structure (1b) form a cavity structure having a plurality of cavities (3) which are axially and circumferentially separated from one another by cavity walls (5) of the particular sealing structure (1a, b), the parting line (6) passing through at least one of the cavities (3), the at least one cavity therefore being formed by the first (1a) and the second sealing structure (1b) together, and the sealing structures (1a, b) therefore being at least partially open toward one another at the parting line (6).
- Seal support (63) according to claim 2, wherein the first (1a) and the second sealing structure (1b) form a cavity structure having a plurality of cavities (3) which are axially and circumferentially separated from one another by cavity walls (5) of the particular sealing structure (1a, b), the parting line (6) being completely delimited by parting-line-side cavity walls (5aa, ba), the sealing structures (1a, b) therefore being closed toward one another at the parting line (6).
- Seal support (63) according to either claim 3 or claim 4, wherein the cavities (3) of the cavity structure are arranged regularly at least in the circumferential direction (4), and over the parting line (6).
- Seal support (63) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first (1a) and the second sealing structure (1b) form a cavity structure having a plurality of cavities (3) which are axially and circumferentially separated from one another by cavity walls (5) of the particular sealing structure (1a, b), a cavity wall (5ab) of the first sealing structure (1a) projecting, at the section plane, in the circumferential direction (4) into the second sealing structure (1b), and therefore being arranged axially between cavity walls (3) of the second sealing structure (16).
- Seal support (63) according to claim 6, wherein the cavity wall (5ab) of the first sealing structure (1a), which wall projects into the second sealing structure (1b), finishes in the second sealing structure (1b) spaced apart from the cavity walls (5) thereof.
- Seal support (63) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first (1a) and the second sealing structure (1b) form a cavity structure having a plurality of cavities (3) which are axially and circumferentially separated from one another by cavity walls (5) of the particular sealing structure (1a, b), a cavity wall (5ac) of the first sealing structure (1a) transitioning, at the section plane, into a cavity wall (5bc) of the second sealing structure (1b), the two cavity walls (5ac, bc) together specifically forming a form fit, preferably mutually engaging in a tongue-and-groove manner.
- Seal support (63) preferably for a jet engine in the form a turbomachine (60), which seal support has a first and a second seal support segment, which seal support segments are assembled successively in relation to a circumference about a longitudinal axis (2) of the turbomachine (60), the first seal support segment having a first sealing structure (1a) radially inwardly and the second seal support segment having a second sealing structure (1b) radially inwardly in relation to the longitudinal axis (2) of the turbomachine (60), characterized in that the first (1a) and the second sealing structure (1b) abut one another.
- Seal support (63) according to claim 9, wherein the first sealing structure (1a) has a tongue element (50a) and abuts the second sealing structure (1b) using said tongue element (50a), which tongue element (50a) therefore forms an abutment surface (51a) which is mounted so as to be elastically displaceable in the circumferential direction (4).
- Seal support (63) according to claim 10, wherein a mounting region (50aa, ab) of the tongue element (50a) is slidably mounted in the remaining first sealing structure (1a) such that the elastically mounted displacement of the abutment surface (5a) in the circumferential direction (4) is partially converted into a displacement of the mounting region (50aa, ab).
- Seal support (63) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein, in relation to the longitudinal axis (2) of the turbomachine (60), the first seal support segment has a first support structure radially outside of the first sealing structure (1a) and the second seal support segment has a second support structure radially outside of the second sealing structure (1b), the seal support shells being fastened to one another by the support structures, but nevertheless being movable relative to one another in the sealing structures (1a, b) thereof.
- Seal support (63) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the first seal support segment is a first seal support half-shell and the second seal support segment is a second seal support half-shell, the two seal support half-shells together forming the seal support (63) and being form-fittingly and/or force-fittingly assembled.
- Seal support (63) according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the seal support segments are each rapidly manufactured parts.
- Turbomachine (60), in particular a jet engine, having a seal support (63) according to any of the preceding claims.
Priority Applications (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
EP17160464.8A EP3375980B1 (en) | 2017-03-13 | 2017-03-13 | Seal holder for a flow engine |
US15/911,380 US20180258784A1 (en) | 2017-03-13 | 2018-03-05 | Seal carrier for a turbomachine |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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EP17160464.8A EP3375980B1 (en) | 2017-03-13 | 2017-03-13 | Seal holder for a flow engine |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP3375980A1 EP3375980A1 (en) | 2018-09-19 |
EP3375980B1 true EP3375980B1 (en) | 2019-12-11 |
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EP17160464.8A Active EP3375980B1 (en) | 2017-03-13 | 2017-03-13 | Seal holder for a flow engine |
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US (1) | US20180258784A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP3375980B1 (en) |
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FR3081499B1 (en) * | 2018-05-23 | 2021-05-28 | Safran Aircraft Engines | TURBOMACHINE BLADE ANGULAR SECTOR WITH IMPROVED WATERPROOFING |
DE102019211524A1 (en) * | 2019-08-01 | 2021-02-04 | MTU Aero Engines AG | MODULE FOR A FLOW MACHINE |
DE102019219090A1 (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-06-10 | MTU Aero Engines AG | Seal carrier for a turbo machine with slot-like openings in the seal body |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4431376A (en) * | 1980-10-27 | 1984-02-14 | United Technologies Corporation | Airfoil shape for arrays of airfoils |
FR2577281B1 (en) * | 1985-02-13 | 1987-03-20 | Snecma | TURBOMACHINE HOUSING ASSOCIATED WITH A DEVICE FOR ADJUSTING THE GAP BETWEEN MOBILE BLADES AND HOUSING |
US5520508A (en) * | 1994-12-05 | 1996-05-28 | United Technologies Corporation | Compressor endwall treatment |
US6341938B1 (en) * | 2000-03-10 | 2002-01-29 | General Electric Company | Methods and apparatus for minimizing thermal gradients within turbine shrouds |
DE10259963B4 (en) * | 2002-12-20 | 2010-04-01 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | honeycomb seal |
DE102005002270A1 (en) * | 2005-01-18 | 2006-07-20 | Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh | engine |
US8534993B2 (en) * | 2008-02-13 | 2013-09-17 | United Technologies Corp. | Gas turbine engines and related systems involving blade outer air seals |
DE102012200883B4 (en) * | 2012-01-23 | 2015-12-03 | MTU Aero Engines AG | Dynamic-seal assembly |
GB201614070D0 (en) * | 2016-08-17 | 2016-09-28 | Rolls Royce Plc | A component for a gas turbine engine and method of manufacture |
-
2017
- 2017-03-13 EP EP17160464.8A patent/EP3375980B1/en active Active
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2018
- 2018-03-05 US US15/911,380 patent/US20180258784A1/en not_active Abandoned
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